565:
42:
91:
516:, but are markedly smaller and lack most of the barring on the underside. Males have a wingspan of 135β149 millimetres (5.3β5.9 in) and a tail 99β188 mm (3.9β7.4 in) long, while females are larger, having a wingspan of 155β163 mm (6.1β6.4 in) and a tail length of 113β125 mm (4.4β4.9 in). Both sexes have white underparts, grey upperparts, dark-greyish wings, and dark barring on the tail.
66:
546:
The sparrowhawks build large stick nests in the upper fork of large trees usually 5 - 15m from the ground. The location of the nests change from year to year and they usually breed in
October to December the clutch varies from 3 - 4 eggs they measure around 37 x 29 mm but the average survival
555:
Frances's sparrowhawk has no real predators. At one point during the 1900s to 1980s due to the prevalence of a chemical poison the species saw a large population decline . After these chemicals were banned, the hawks' numbers slowly increased and now it is estimated that more than 32,000 breeding
537:
The hawks feed on a range of prey including mammals, birds, lizards, frogs, and large insects. They knock small mammals, lizards and frog off trees or trunks of trees to shock them and then make the kill. They generally attack flying insects and birds flying straight towards the prey and catching
508:
Frances's sparrowhawk is grey with a light belly. It has orange eyes and feet, a yellow cere and a black beak. The size of each hawk varies from 28 β 35 cm for a male and 104 β 140 g for a female 112 β 185 g and their wingspan is around 40 β 54 cm. The races from the Comoro
Islands are
576:
during the 20th century, the
Anjouan sparrowhawk became extremely rare by the late 1950s. Only one individual was found in a month-long survey in 1958 and the population was estimated at between one and ten birds. Another expedition in 1965 spent 3 days on Ndzuwani without encountering the bird
825:
Mindell, D.; Fuchs, J.; Johnson, J. (2018). "Phylogeny, taxonomy, and geographic diversity of diurnal raptors: Falconiformes, Accipitriformes, and
Cathartiformes". In Sarasola, J.H.; Grange, J.M.; Negro, J.J. (eds.).
622:
One individual is seen in the BBC series "Unknown Africa
Episode 1: The Comoros" when the film crew is taken to a remnant rain forest patch on Anjouan by the director of Action Comores in search of
524:
Frances's sparrowhawk is found in
Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. They live in dense forests, large gardens, parks and coconut plantations. They live mostly on the edges of forests.
798:
Catanach, T.A.; Halley, M.R.; Pirro, S. (2024). "Enigmas no longer: using ultraconserved elements to place several unusual hawk taxa and address the non-monophyly of the genus
1257:
363:
577:(although no dedicated effort was made, and the sparrowhawk's key habitat was not visited); the authors remarked that other subspecies were "extremely tame".
1324:
1205:
1231:
837:
1339:
780:
948:
Constantine Walter Benson (1960). "The birds of the Comoro
Islands: results of the British Ornithologists' Union centenary expedition".
591:
Other subspecies of
Frances's sparrowhawk on other islands in the Comoros have not suffered the same losses. One possible cause is the
1052:
932:
1344:
1038:
978:
1236:
1334:
547:
rate of the eggs is 1.5. Eggs usually have different and unique marking on them. The eggs are usually a greyish-white.
408:
was resurrected to accommodate
Frances's sparrowhawk together with 26 other species that had previously been placed in
1143:
623:
90:
1262:
856:
588:. The last population lived in the mountainous central uplands, but between 1958 and 1977, no sightings were made.
1036:
Alan C. Kemp (1994). "104. Frances's
Sparrowhawk". In Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott & Jordi Sargatal (ed.).
689:
460:
1108:
983:
707:
447:
340:
202:
891:
754:
580:
In the period until 1907, 44 specimens were taken, one of which is on display in the Zoological Museum of the
351:
512:
Both sexes of the Anjouan sparrowhawk resemble the male of the nominate race of Frances's sparrowhawk from
1130:
1070:
387:
354:
as Madagascar and thanked Lady Frances Cole for providing the specimen. Lady Frances Cole was the wife of
1148:
478:
185:
316:, was thought to be extinct until searches in the 1980s and in 2005 confirmed that it is still extant.
667:
1192:
1122:
581:
355:
324:
1329:
860:
742:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 328.
336:
279:
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85:
1044:
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41:
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492:
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The name "Frances's sparrowhawk" commemorates Lady Frances Cole (died 1847), wife of the
644:
963:
950:
468:
291:
1301:
1318:
1244:
979:"Notes on the birds observed in the Comoros on behalf of the Smithsonian Institution"
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653:
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592:
464:
421:
344:
75:
70:
737:
711:
573:
395:
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study of the Accipitridae confirmed earlier work that had shown that the genus was
152:
17:
1171:
1158:
811:
1288:
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1102:
585:
359:
320:
1296:
864:
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436:
404:
287:
162:
1093:
382:
274:
102:
787:(4th ed.). International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1999.
1087:
556:
pairs that live throughout Madagascar. Traditional hunting still occurs.
272:) is a small bird of prey. This species was formerly placed in the genus
122:
607:, coinciding with a significant increase in the human population, while
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1117:
612:
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482:
112:
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1184:
1064:
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378:
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smaller and more rufous than the nominate from Madagascar.
829:
Birds of Prey: Biology and conservation in the XXI century
865:"Hoatzin, New World vultures, Secretarybird, raptors"
416:
had been introduced in 1844 by the German naturalist
917:
James Ferguson-Lees & David A. Christie (2001).
1077:
615:where extensive lowland forest remains, and human
668:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22695508A93513268.en
377:Frances's sparrowhawk was formerly placed in the
568:Illustration of the Anjouan subspecies from 1864
832:. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. pp. 3β32.
781:"Article 31. Species-group names: Art. 31.1.2"
785:International Code Of Zoological Nomenclature
366:, the specific epithet has been changed from
364:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
8:
1041:, Volume 2: New World Vultures to Guineafowl
290:, and the other subspecies are found in the
1065:
362:from 1828 to 1833. Under the rules of the
64:
40:
31:
804:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
666:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1007:
1005:
1003:
635:
402:was divided into six genera. The genus
1016:(2nd ed.). Morges, Switzerland:
871:. International Ornithologists' Union
851:
849:
736:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
7:
1043:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. p.
1325:IUCN Red List least concern species
654:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
619:is around 75% of that on Ndzuwani.
964:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1960.tb03677.x
802:(Accipitriformes: Accipitridae)".
339:in 1834 by the Scottish zoologist
25:
869:IOC World Bird List Version 14.2
739:Check-List of Birds of the World
89:
716:South African Quarterly Journal
643:BirdLife International (2016).
428:) meaning "fast" with ΟΟΞΉΞΆΞΉΞ±Ο (
420:. The genus name combines the
1039:Handbook of Birds of the World
301:Tachyspiza francesiae pusillus
1:
572:Due to extensive hunting and
485:(central east Comoro Islands)
1012:Warren B. King (1978β1979).
977:A. D. Forbes-Watson (1969).
898:. Cornell Lab of Ornithology
761:. Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1340:Birds of prey of Madagascar
896:The Key to Scientific Names
759:The Key to Scientific Names
1361:
812:10.1093/biolinnean/blae028
499:(southeast Comoro Islands)
386:. In 2024 a comprehensive
335:Frances's sparrowhawk was
306:Anjouan Island sparrowhawk
603:has declined recently on
252:
245:
215:
210:
191:
184:
86:Scientific classification
84:
62:
53:
48:
39:
34:
661:: e.T22695508A93513268.
624:Livingstone's flying fox
520:Distribution and habitat
1345:Birds described in 1834
990:Atoll Research Bulletin
350:. Smith designated the
233:- (Gurney, JH Sr, 1875)
863:, eds. (August 2024).
569:
388:molecular phylogenetic
35:Frances's sparrowhawk
1014:Red Data Book 2: Aves
567:
394:. To resolve the non-
314:Joanna Island goshawk
304:), also known as the
269:Tachyspiza francesiae
264:Frances's sparrowhawk
195:Tachyspiza francesiae
1335:Birds of the Comoros
1302:Accipiter-francesiae
1109:Accipiter francesiae
1079:Accipiter francesiae
920:Raptors of the World
647:Accipiter francesiae
582:University of Zurich
538:them in mid-flight.
356:Galbraith Lowry Cole
325:Galbraith Lowry Cole
690:"Frances's Goshawk"
611:is still common on
560:Conservation status
432:) meaning "hawk".
348:Accipiter francesii
296:Anjouan sparrowhawk
280:nominate subspecies
255:Accipiter francesii
56:Conservation status
18:Anjouan sparrowhawk
890:Jobling, James A.
859:; Donsker, David;
753:Jobling, James A.
617:population density
570:
358:, Governor of the
337:formally described
239:- (Schlegel, 1865)
221:- (Smith, A, 1834)
177:T. francesiae
1312:
1311:
1271:Open Tree of Life
1071:Taxon identifiers
861:Rasmussen, Pamela
839:978-3-319-73744-7
712:"African Zoology"
597:population growth
418:Johann Jakob Kaup
261:
260:
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16:(Redirected from
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1123:0307D2453AFC28AB
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601:T. f. griveaudii
595:caused by human
533:Food and feeding
444:T. f. francesiae
439:are recognised:
310:Ndzuwani goshawk
286:, is endemic to
284:T. f. francesiae
227:- (Benson, 1960)
219:T. f. francesiae
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225:T. f. griveaudi
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143:Accipitriformes
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708:Smith, Andrew
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479:Gurney, JH Sr
476:
475:T. f. pusilla
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465:Grande Comore
462:
458:
455:
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422:Ancient Greek
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71:Least Concern
61:
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38:
33:
30:
19:
1078:
1037:
1013:
993:
989:
972:
955:
949:
943:
919:
912:
900:. Retrieved
895:
892:"Tachyspiza"
885:
873:. Retrieved
868:
828:
820:
803:
799:
793:
784:
775:
763:. Retrieved
758:
755:"francesiae"
748:
738:
728:
719:
715:
702:
693:
684:
672:. Retrieved
658:
652:
646:
638:
621:
609:T. f. brutus
608:
600:
590:
579:
574:habitat loss
571:
554:
545:
536:
523:
511:
507:
488:
474:
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443:
434:
429:
425:
413:
412:. The genus
409:
403:
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392:polyphyletic
381:
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341:Andrew Smith
334:
318:
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309:
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237:T. f. brutus
236:
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153:Accipitridae
29:
1219:iNaturalist
1103:Wikispecies
1045:149, pl. 11
857:Gill, Frank
806:: blae028.
734:Mayr, Ernst
674:13 November
586:Switzerland
504:Description
489:T. f. bruta
467:(northwest
360:Cape Colony
321:Cape Colony
211:Subspecies
1330:Tachyspiza
1319:Categories
1297:Xeno-canto
923:. Boston:
630:References
514:Madagascar
495:, 1865) β
481:, 1875) β
463:, 1960) β
452:Madagascar
450:, 1834) β
437:subspecies
414:Tachyspiza
405:Tachyspiza
372:francesiae
343:under the
288:Madagascar
164:Tachyspiza
958:: 5β106.
902:25 August
875:21 August
800:Accipiter
765:25 August
528:Behaviour
410:Accipiter
400:Accipiter
396:monophyly
383:Accipiter
368:francesii
323:governor
275:Accipiter
171:Species:
109:Kingdom:
103:Eukaryota
1284:Species+
1250:22695508
1136:22695508
1131:BirdLife
1088:Wikidata
710:(1834).
542:Breeding
493:Schlegel
448:Smith, A
331:Taxonomy
247:Synonyms
203:Smith, A
149:Family:
123:Chordata
119:Phylum:
113:Animalia
99:Domain:
76:IUCN 3.1
1211:5788525
1185:fragos2
1159:fragos2
1118:Avibase
1094:Q114015
996:: 1β23.
694:Avibase
613:Mayotte
551:Threats
497:Mayotte
483:Anjouan
430:spizias
424:ΟΞ±ΟΟ
Ο (
294:. The
205:, 1834)
159:Genus:
139:Order:
129:Class:
74: (
1276:767916
1263:387795
1237:824013
1198:913211
1149:745392
1051:
931:
836:
461:Benson
426:takhus
278:. The
1180:eBird
1156:BOW:
435:Four
379:genus
1289:9207
1258:NCBI
1245:IUCN
1232:ITIS
1224:5102
1206:GBIF
1172:93V3
1144:BOLD
1049:ISBN
1018:IUCN
951:Ibis
929:ISBN
904:2024
877:2024
834:ISBN
767:2024
676:2021
659:2016
133:Aves
1193:EoL
1167:CoL
994:128
984:PDF
960:doi
956:103
808:doi
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