47:
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The original language content in the response is replaced by the translated content as it passes back through the proxy. The translations used in a translation proxy can be either machine translation, human translation, or a combination of machine and human translation. Different translation proxy implementations have different capabilities. Some allow further customization of the source site for the local audiences such as excluding the source content or substituting the source content with the original local content.
211:
232:(SSL) encryption is often not done by the web server itself, but by a reverse proxy that is equipped with SSL acceleration hardware. Furthermore, a host can provide a single "SSL proxy" to provide SSL encryption for an arbitrary number of hosts, removing the need for a separate SSL server certificate for each host, with the downside that all hosts behind the SSL proxy have to share a common DNS name or IP address for SSL connections. This problem can partly be overcome by using the
1206:, residential proxy users connect to the target through residential IP addresses. The target then identifies them as organic internet users. It does not let any tracking tool identify the reallocation of the user. Any residential proxy can send any number of concurrent requests, and IP addresses are directly related to a specific region. Unlike regular residential proxies, which hide the user's real IP address behind another IP address, rotating residential proxies, also known as
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151:
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1125:, which is an enhancement of Tor's onion routing. I2P is fully distributed and works by encrypting all communications in various layers and relaying them through a network of routers run by volunteers in various locations. By keeping the source of the information hidden, I2P offers censorship resistance. The goals of I2P are to protect users' personal freedom, privacy, and ability to conduct confidential business.
879:"A 'transparent proxy' is a proxy that does not modify the request or response beyond what is required for proxy authentication and identification". "A 'non-transparent proxy' is a proxy that modifies the request or response in order to provide some added service to the user agent, such as group annotation services, media type transformation, protocol reduction, or anonymity filtering".
1105:" refers to the layered nature of the encryption service: The original data are encrypted and re-encrypted multiple times, then sent through successive Tor relays, each one of which decrypts a "layer" of encryption before passing the data on to the next relay and ultimately the destination. This reduces the possibility of the original data being unscrambled or understood in transit.
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and administrators of these other proxies are unknown, the user may fall victim to a false sense of security just because those details are out of sight and mind. In what is more of an inconvenience than a risk, proxy users may find themselves being blocked from certain Web sites, as numerous forums and Web sites
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By attempting to make a connection to an IP address at which there is known to be no server. The proxy will accept the connection and then attempt to proxy it on. When the proxy finds no server to accept the connection, it may return an error message or simply close the connection to the client. This
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A translation proxy is a proxy server that is used to localize a website experience for different markets. Traffic from the global audience is routed through the translation proxy to the source website. As visitors browse the proxied site, requests go back to the source site where pages are rendered.
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By chaining the proxies which do not reveal data about the original requester, it is possible to obfuscate activities from the eyes of the user's destination. However, more traces will be left on the intermediate hops, which could be used or offered up to trace the user's activities. If the policies
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Many workplaces, schools, and colleges restrict web sites and online services that are accessible and available in their buildings. Governments also censor undesirable content. This is done either with a specialized proxy, called a content filter (both commercial and free products are available), or
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in the user's browser window, processes the request, and returns the results to the user's browser. Consequently, it can be used on a device or network that does not allow "true" proxy settings to be changed. The first recorded CGI proxy, named "rover" at the time but renamed in 1998 to "CGIProxy",
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may be differentiated into several varieties. The destination server (the server that ultimately satisfies the web request) receives requests from the anonymizing proxy server and thus does not receive information about the end user's address. The requests are not anonymous to the anonymizing proxy
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In the client configuration of layer-3 NAT, configuring the gateway is sufficient. However, for the client configuration of a layer 7 proxy, the destination of the packets that the client generates must always be the proxy server (layer 7), then the proxy server reads each packet and finds out the
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By comparing the results of online IP checkers when accessed using HTTPS vs. HTTP, as most intercepting proxies do not intercept SSL. If there is suspicion of SSL being intercepted, one can examine the certificate associated with any secure web site, the root certificate should indicate whether it
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that depend on certain behaviors of intercepting proxies that do not check or have access to information about the original (intercepted) destination. This problem may be resolved by using an integrated packet-level and application level appliance or software which is then able to communicate this
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In a workplace setting where the client is managed by the organization, devices may be configured to trust a root certificate whose private key is known to the proxy. In such situations, proxy analysis of the contents of an SSL/TLS transaction becomes possible. The proxy is effectively operating a
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as a means to bypass local filtering. Since many of these users do not care about the collateral damage they are causing, it became necessary for organizations to hide their proxies, disclosing the URLs only to those who take the trouble to contact the organization and demonstrate a genuine need.
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By comparing the client's external IP address to the address seen by an external web server, or sometimes by examining the HTTP headers received by a server. A number of sites have been created to address this issue, by reporting the user's IP address as seen by the site back to the user on a web
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prohibit the web site from linking directly to the outside domains. Proxies also allow the browser to make web requests to externally hosted content on behalf of a website when cross-domain restrictions (in place to protect websites from the likes of data theft) prohibit the browser from directly
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with header lines such as HTTP_VIA, HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR, or HTTP_FORWARDED, which may reveal the IP address of the client. Other anonymizing proxy servers, known as elite or high-anonymity proxies, make it appear that the proxy server is the client. A website could still suspect a proxy is being
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Many organizations block access to popular websites such as
Facebook. Users can use proxy servers to circumvent this security. However, by connecting to proxy servers, they might be opening themselves up to danger by passing sensitive information such as personal photos and passwords through the
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A reverse proxy (or surrogate) is a proxy server that appears to clients to be an ordinary server. Reverse proxies forward requests to one or more ordinary servers that handle the request. The response from the original server is returned as if it came directly from the proxy server, leaving the
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Once traffic reaches the proxy machine itself, interception is commonly performed with NAT (Network
Address Translation). Such setups are invisible to the client browser, but leave the proxy visible to the web server and other devices on the internet side of the proxy. Recent Linux and some BSD
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server accelerates service requests by retrieving the content saved from a previous request made by the same client or even other clients. Caching proxies keep local copies of frequently requested resources, allowing large organizations to significantly reduce their upstream bandwidth usage and
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and with a destination of one of the neighborhood's web servers goes through the proxy server. The use of "reverse" originates in its counterpart "forward proxy" since the reverse proxy sits closer to the web server and serves only a restricted set of websites. There are several reasons for
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means that the proxy uses the layer-7 proxy advantages without the knowledge of the client. The client presumes that the gateway is a NAT in layer 3, and it does not have any idea about the inside of the packet, but through this method, the layer-3 packets are sent to the layer-7 proxy for
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performance in the presence of high round-trip times or high packet loss (such as wireless or mobile phone networks); or highly asymmetric links featuring very different upload and download rates. PEPs can make more efficient use of the network, for example, by merging TCP
958:(Web Cache Control Protocol). This proprietary protocol resides on the router and is configured from the cache, allowing the cache to determine what ports and traffic is sent to it via transparent redirection from the router. This redirection can occur in one of two ways:
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The diversion or interception of a TCP connection creates several issues. First, the original destination IP and port must somehow be communicated to the proxy. This is not always possible (e.g., where the gateway and proxy reside on different hosts). There is a class of
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Intercepting proxies are commonly used in businesses to enforce acceptable use policies and to ease administrative overheads since no client browser configuration is required. This second reason, however is mitigated by features such as Active
Directory group policy, or
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Security: the proxy server is an additional layer of defense and can protect against some OS and web-server-specific attacks. However, it does not provide any protection from attacks against the web application or service itself, which is generally considered the larger
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difference in behavior is simple to detect. For example, most web browsers will generate a browser created error page in the case where they cannot connect to an HTTP server but will return a different error in the case where the connection is accepted and then closed.
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language), or PHProxy (written in the PHP language). As of April 2016, CGIProxy has received about two million downloads, Glype has received almost a million downloads, whilst PHProxy still receives hundreds of downloads per week. Despite waning in popularity due to
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web proxy server provides administrative control over the content that may be relayed in one or both directions through the proxy. It is commonly used in both commercial and non-commercial organizations (especially schools) to ensure that
Internet usage conforms to
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access to some functions while keeping the servers behind the firewalls. If used in this way, security measures should be considered to protect the rest of your infrastructure in case this server is compromised, as its web application is exposed to attack from the
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Intercepting proxies are also commonly used by ISPs in some countries to save upstream bandwidth and improve customer response times by caching. This is more common in countries where bandwidth is more limited (e.g. island nations) or must be paid for.
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communication without requiring any special client configuration. Clients need not be aware of the existence of the proxy. A transparent proxy is normally located between the client and the
Internet, with the proxy performing some of the functions of a
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Most web filtering companies use an internet-wide crawling robot that assesses the likelihood that content is a certain type. Manual labor is used to correct the resultant database based on complaints or known flaws in the content-matching algorithms.
86:, the client directs the request to the proxy server, which evaluates the request and performs the required network transactions. This serves as a method to simplify or control the complexity of the request, or provide additional benefits such as
1063:"). Suffix proxy servers are easier to use than regular proxy servers, but they do not offer high levels of anonymity, and their primary use is for bypassing web filters. However, this is rarely used due to more advanced web filters.
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In 2009 a security flaw in the way that transparent proxies operate was published by Robert Auger, and the
Computer Emergency Response Team issued an advisory listing dozens of affected transparent and intercepting proxy servers.
932:, as the client browser believes it is talking to a server rather than a proxy. This can cause problems where an intercepting proxy requires authentication, and then the user connects to a site that also requires authentication.
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used – can be captured and analyzed by the proxy operator. For this reason, passwords to online services (such as webmail and banking) should always be exchanged over a cryptographically secured connection, such as SSL.
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Because NAT operates at layer-3, it is less resource-intensive than the layer-7 proxy, but also less flexible. As we compare these two technologies, we might encounter a terminology known as 'transparent firewall'.
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Spoon feeding: reduces resource usage caused by slow clients on the web servers by caching the content the web server sent and slowly "spoon feeding" it to the client. This especially benefits dynamically generated
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Each user of I2P runs an I2P router on their computer (node). The I2P router takes care of finding other peers and building anonymizing tunnels through them. I2P provides proxies for all protocols (HTTP,
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filtering, or content keyword filtering. Blacklists are often provided and maintained by web-filtering companies, often grouped into categories (pornography, gambling, shopping, social networks, etc..).
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Communication between two computers connected through a third computer acting as a proxy server. This can protect Alice's privacy, as Bob only knows about the proxy and cannot identify or contact Alice
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files could be blocked based on fleshtone matches, or language filters could dynamically detect unwanted language. If the content is rejected then an HTTP fetch error may be returned to the requester.
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releases provide TPROXY (transparent proxy) which performs IP-level (OSI Layer 3) transparent interception and spoofing of outbound traffic, hiding the proxy IP address from other network devices.
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used if the client sends packets that include a cookie from a previous visit that did not use the high-anonymity proxy server. Clearing cookies, and possibly the cache, would solve this problem.
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A reverse proxy taking requests from the
Internet and forwarding them to servers in an internal network. Those making requests connect to the proxy and may not be aware of the internal network.
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Websites commonly used by students to circumvent filters and access blocked content often include a proxy, from which the user can then access the websites that the filter is trying to block.
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costs, while significantly increasing performance. Most ISPs and large businesses have a caching proxy. Caching proxies were the first kind of proxy server. Web proxies are commonly used to
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to determine the geographic source of requests. Using a proxy server that is physically located inside a specific country or a city gives advertisers the ability to test geotargeted ads.
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In integrated firewall/proxy servers where the router/firewall is on the same host as the proxy, communicating original destination information can be done by any method, for example
1520:
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Some client programs "SOCKS-ify" requests, which allows adaptation of any networked software to connect to external networks via certain types of proxy servers (mostly SOCKS).
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is usually an internal-facing proxy used as a front-end to control and protect access to a server on a private network. A reverse proxy commonly also performs tasks such as
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and exposed a range of unauthorized activities conducted by RESIP hosts. These activities encompassed illegal promotion, fast fluxing, phishing, hosting malware, and more.
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server, however, and so a degree of trust is present between the proxy server and the user. Many proxy servers are funded through a continued advertising link to the user.
1090:. Tor client software routes Internet traffic through a worldwide volunteer network of servers for concealing a user's computer location or usage from someone conducting
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254:: the reverse proxy can distribute the load to several web servers, each serving its own application area. In such a case, the reverse proxy may need to rewrite the
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Despite the providers assertion that the proxy hosts are voluntarily participating, numerous proxies are operated on potentially compromised hosts, including
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The proxy then fetches the content, assuming the requested URL is acceptable. At this point, a dynamic filter may be applied on the return path. For example,
195:, the originating IP address can be retrieved as well. The main benefit of using this type of server is its ability to cache a website for faster retrieval.
98:. A proxy server thus functions on behalf of the client when requesting service, potentially masking the true origin of the request to the resource server.
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In some cases, users can circumvent proxies that filter using blacklists by using services designed to proxy information from a non-blacklisted location.
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A suffix proxy allows a user to access web content by appending the name of the proxy server to the URL of the requested content (e.g. "en.wikipedia.org.
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If the destination server filters content based on the origin of the request, the use of a proxy can circumvent this filter. For example, a server using
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Secondary market brokers use web proxy servers to circumvent restrictions on online purchases of limited products such as limited sneakers or tickets.
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Extranet publishing: a reverse proxy server facing the
Internet can be used to communicate to a firewall server internal to an organization, providing
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Serve/cache static content: A reverse proxy can offload the web servers by caching static content like pictures and other static graphical content.
2432:
Mi, Xianghang; Feng, Xuan; Liao, Xiaojing; Liu, Baojun; Wang, XiaoFeng; Qian, Feng; Li, Zhou; Alrwais, Sumayah; Sun, Limin; Liu, Ying (May 2019).
1210:, conceal the user's real IP address behind a pool of proxies. These proxies switch between themselves at every session or at regular intervals.
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proxy server takes DNS queries from a (usually local) network and forwards them to an
Internet Domain Name Server. It may also cache DNS records.
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Web proxies are the most common means of bypassing government censorship, although no more than 3% of
Internet users use any circumvention tools.
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of the client. Although this type of server can be discovered easily, it can be beneficial for some users as it hides the originating IP address.
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122:. A forward proxy is an Internet-facing proxy used to retrieve data from a wide range of sources (in most cases, anywhere on the Internet). A
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Finally, intercepting connections can cause problems for HTTP caches, as some requests and responses become uncacheable by a shared cache.
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1098:. Using Tor makes tracing Internet activity more difficult, and is intended to protect users' personal freedom and their online privacy.
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devices. Through the process of cross-referencing the hosts, researchers have identified and analyzed logs that have been classified as
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of the internal network. This makes requests from machines and users on the local network anonymous. Proxies can also be combined with
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Some proxy service providers allow businesses access to their proxy network for rerouting traffic for business intelligence purposes.
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web pages from a web server. Poorly implemented caching proxies can cause problems, such as an inability to use user authentication.
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586:: Some proxy servers implement a logon requirement. In large organizations, authorized users must log on to gain access to the
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client with no knowledge of the original server. Reverse proxies are installed in the vicinity of one or more web servers. All
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upon the data-flow between client machines and the web. All content sent or accessed – including passwords submitted and
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Web filtering proxies are not able to peer inside secure sockets HTTP transactions, assuming the chain-of-trust of SSL/TLS (
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method to set up forwarding of arbitrary data through the connection; a common policy is to only forward port 443 to allow
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to restrict its service to a certain country can be accessed using a proxy located in that country to access the service.
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was developed by American computer scientist James Marshall in early 1996 for an article in "Unix Review" by Rich Morin.
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1347:. 6th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems. Cambridge, MA, USA. pp. 198–204. inria-00444651.
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Proxies allow web sites to make web requests to externally hosted resources (e.g. images, music files, etc.) when
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by using a cache-extension protocol such as ICAP, that allows plug-in extensions to an open caching architecture.
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2189:
Estrada-Jiménez, José (March 2017). "Online advertising: Analysis of privacy threats and protection approaches".
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and the server providing that resource. It improves privacy, security, and possibly performance in the process.
1463:"Identifying legitimate Web users and bots with different traffic profiles — an Information Bottleneck approach"
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specially programmed Adobe Flash SWF applications or Sun Java applets that send HTTP calls back to their server.
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Some proxies scan outbound content, e.g., for data loss prevention; or scan content for malicious software.
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for a proxied protocol such as HTTP (port 80) with that for a non-proxied protocol such as SMTP (port 25).
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This request is sent to the proxy server, the proxy makes the request specified and returns the response.
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Instead of connecting directly to a server that can fulfill a request for a resource, such as a file or
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attacks, which are a type of denial-of-service attack. TCP Intercept is available for IP traffic only.
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also forwards arbitrary data after a connection phase, and is similar to HTTP CONNECT in web proxies.
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An incorrectly configured proxy can provide access to a network otherwise isolated from the Internet.
590:. The organization can thereby track usage to individuals. Some anonymizing proxy servers may forward
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An anonymous proxy server (sometimes called a web proxy) generally attempts to anonymize web surfing.
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Go Web Scraping Quick Start Guide: Implement the power of Go to scrape and crawl data from the web
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and other privacy methods, as of September 2021 there are still a few hundred CGI proxies online.
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371:, either to give detailed information about the URLs accessed by specific users or to monitor
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proxy server. This image illustrates a common example: schools blocking websites to students.
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page. Google also returns the IP address as seen by the page if the user searches for "IP".
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For clients, the problem of complex or multiple proxy-servers is solved by a client-server
177:: This server reveals its identity as a proxy server but does not disclose the originating
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TCP Intercept is a traffic filtering security feature that protects TCP servers from TCP
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A reverse proxy mainly protects the server, while a forward proxy protects the client.
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proxy server that is accessible by any Internet user. In 2008, network security expert
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A proxy that is designed to mitigate specific link related issues or degradation is a
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1519:. The Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University. October 2010.
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estimated that "hundreds of thousands" of open proxies are operated on the Internet.
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Several methods may be used to detect the presence of an intercepting proxy server:
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in each web page (translation from externally known URLs to the internal locations).
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267:: the proxy server can optimize and compress the content to speed up the load time.
114:. A proxy server that passes unmodified requests and responses is usually called a
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A proxy server helps speed up Internet access by storing frequently accessed pages
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A residential proxy is an intermediary that uses a real IP address provided by an
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This server not only identifies itself as a proxy server, but with the support of
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Advertisers use proxy servers for validating, checking and quality assurance of
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436:) has not been tampered with. The SSL/TLS chain-of-trust relies on trusted root
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A proxy can keep the internal network structure of a company secret by using
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Performance Enhancing Proxies Intended to Mitigate Link-Related Degradations
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The majority of CGI proxies are powered by one of CGIProxy (written in the
607:. A geotargeting ad server checks the request source IP address and uses a
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2111:
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998:
279:
111:
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2438:. 2019 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP). pp. 1185–1201.
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a client MUST send the target URI in absolute-form as the request-target
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by scanning incoming content in real-time before it enters the network.
383:-based antivirus software to provide security against viruses and other
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Structure and Encapsulation in Distributed Systems: the Proxy Principle
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authentication, especially connection-oriented authentication such as
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An open proxy forwarding requests from and to anywhere on the Internet
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By comparing the sequence of network hops reported by a tool such as
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1970:"Subversion Dev: Transparent Proxy detection (was Re: Introduction_"
876:(Hypertext Transfer Protocol—HTTP/1.1) offers standard definitions:
27:
Computer server that makes and receives requests on behalf of a user
2435:
Resident Evil: Understanding Residential IP Proxy as a Dark Service
2159:
228:
Encryption/SSL acceleration: when secure websites are created, the
1914:"Socket Capable Browser Plugins Result in Transparent Proxy Abuse"
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90:, privacy, or security. Proxies were devised to add structure and
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Zwicky, Elizabeth D.; Cooper, Simon; Chapman, D. Brent (2000).
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For Knowledge (XXG)'s policy on editing from open proxies, see
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configured as proxy (e.g., with Application Request Routing),
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the site. Proxy bouncing can be used to maintain privacy.
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The proxy concept refers to a layer 7 application in the
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to disabled people, but have since been shut down due to
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except the full URL is passed, instead of just the path.
1756:"Hot Tactics For Geo-Targeted Ads on Google & Bing"
677:
requests. The request from the client is the same as a
397:
Requests may be filtered by several methods, such as a
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1546:"How to Check if Website is Down or Working Worldwide"
921:
information between the packet handler and the proxy.
1149:(NAT) is similar to a proxy but operates in layer 3.
1890:. ukproxyserver.org. 1 February 2011. Archived from
1576:"Using a Ninjaproxy to get through a filtered proxy"
1634:
Beginning Ubuntu Linux: From Novice to Professional
548:(acknowledgements) or compressing data sent at the
363:Content filtering proxy servers will often support
2304:
1798:The proxy server is, above all, a security device.
1631:
1038:Some CGI proxies were set up for purposes such as
1461:Suchacka, Grażyna; Iwański, Jacek (7 June 2020).
954:Interception can also be performed using Cisco's
2247:"Privacy for People Who Don't Show Their Navels"
367:to control web access. It also usually produces
1849:. June 2014. p. 41. sec. 5.3.2.
2337:"What Is a Proxy Server and How Does It Work?"
962:(OSI Layer 3) or MAC rewrites (OSI Layer 2).
375:usage statistics. It may also communicate to
8:
1720:. June 2001. p. 4. sec. 2.1.
1289:which discusses host-based HTTP acceleration
539:(PEPs). These are typically used to improve
983:was issued for the purpose of intercepting.
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1137:Comparison to network address translators
2543:) is being considered for deletion. See
2517:) is being considered for deletion. See
2491:) is being considered for deletion. See
853:, a transparent proxy intercepts normal
106:A proxy server may reside on the user's
1916:. The Security Practice. 9 March 2009.
1305:
924:Intercepting also creates problems for
1514:"2010 Circumvention Tool Usage Report"
1398:
1396:
1202:. Instead of connecting directly to a
1014:web proxy accepts target URLs using a
763:Examples of web proxy servers include
2413:from the original on 26 December 2021
2170:from the original on 1 September 2021
2036:from the original on 16 November 2018
1762:from the original on 14 February 2014
1556:from the original on 14 December 2019
1442:from the original on 10 February 2011
1381:from the original on 26 November 2020
1351:from the original on 26 December 2018
1117:('I2P') is a proxy network aiming at
689:https://en.wikipedia.org/Proxy_server
490:Proxies can be installed in order to
7:
2382:from the original on 17 January 2023
2245:Glater, Jonathan (25 January 2006).
1976:from the original on 16 October 2015
1920:from the original on 2 February 2010
1526:from the original on 18 January 2012
1330:from the original on 9 October 2016.
1842:HTTP/1.1 Message Syntax and Routing
1788:from the original on 23 August 2011
1048:third party advertising the service
2311:(2nd ed.). O'Reilly. p.
2257:from the original on 29 April 2011
2160:"Proxy Stats :: Get Proxi.es"
2122:from the original on 14 March 2016
1662:I. Cooper; J. Dilley (June 2001).
1247:Distributed Checksum Clearinghouse
224:installing reverse proxy servers:
25:
2547:to help reach a consensus. ›
2521:to help reach a consensus. ›
2495:to help reach a consensus. ›
2284:from the original on 9 April 2010
1950:from the original on 10 July 2010
1782:"Firewall and Proxy Server HOWTO"
1665:Known HTTP Proxy/Caching Problems
1026:language), Glype (written in the
1086:is a system intended to provide
452:Bypassing filters and censorship
295:
221:traffic coming from the Internet
2403:"What are Residential Proxies?"
1192:Internet Service Provider (ISP)
1040:making websites more accessible
903:and automatic proxy detection.
647:accessing the outside domains.
288:Forward proxy vs. reverse proxy
1940:"Vulnerability Note VU#435052"
1888:"Transparent Proxy Definition"
1194:with physical devices such as
565:Accessing services anonymously
1:
2524:Free web-based proxy services
1432:"Forward and Reverse Proxies"
1410:. US: Insecure. p. 270.
1371:"Proxy servers and tunneling"
1316:; Altis, Kevin (April 1994).
2203:10.1016/j.comcom.2016.12.016
1972:. Tracetop.sourceforge.net.
1580:advanced filtering mechanics
1480:10.1016/j.knosys.2020.105875
1219:potentially unwanted program
32:Knowledge (XXG):Open proxies
2307:Building Internet Firewalls
2058:. June 1996. Archived from
1811:"Sneaker Bot Supreme Proxy"
1147:Network address translation
752:Some web proxies allow the
621:network address translation
537:Performance Enhancing Proxy
507:from proxies known to have
428:Filtering of encrypted data
2610:
2589:Computer security software
2498:Proxy software and scripts
1999:Squid The Definitive Guide
1341:Shapiro, Marc (May 1986).
1262:InterPlanetary File System
664:Implementations of proxies
599:QA geotargeted advertising
568:
344:
203:
36:
29:
1813:. GeoSurf. Archived from
1186:Residential proxy (RESIP)
707:Basic encoded-credentials
644:cross-domain restrictions
486:Logging and eavesdropping
2545:templates for discussion
2519:templates for discussion
2493:templates for discussion
2368:. Packt Publishing Ltd.
1318:"World-Wide Web Proxies"
1067:Tor onion proxy software
807:, Tinyproxy, RabbIT and
747:text/html; charset UTF-8
723:
683:
656:Secondary market brokers
446:man-in-the-middle attack
434:Transport Layer Security
347:Content-control software
341:Content-control software
336:Monitoring and filtering
2550:Free http proxy servers
2362:Smith, Vincent (2019).
2278:"Tor: anonymity online"
2191:Computer Communications
2056:"The Limits of Control"
1995:Wessels, Duane (2004).
1467:Knowledge-Based Systems
1282:Virtual private network
438:certificate authorities
405:, URL regex filtering,
1582:. TSNP. Archived from
1200:computers of end-users
1080:
1046:, usually caused by a
939:Implementation methods
799:(reverse proxy only),
638:Cross-domain resources
482:
215:
155:
52:
39:Proxy (disambiguation)
18:Anonymous proxy server
2579:Internet architecture
2445:10.1109/SP.2019.00011
2082:"Glype® Proxy Script"
2003:. O'Reilly. pp.
1630:Thomas, Keir (2006).
1408:Nmap network scanning
1115:I2P anonymous network
1074:
623:, which can help the
519:Improving performance
479:
358:acceptable use policy
345:Further information:
213:
153:
49:
1946:. 23 February 2009.
1817:on 24 September 2017
1552:. 19 November 2019.
1232:Application firewall
1159:Transparent firewall
1092:network surveillance
679:regular HTTP request
673:Web proxies forward
240:certificates or the
230:Secure Sockets Layer
37:For other uses, see
2574:Network performance
2569:Computer networking
1208:backconnect proxies
1143:OSI reference model
1109:I2P anonymous proxy
701:Proxy-Authorization
365:user authentication
96:distributed systems
57:computer networking
2251:The New York Times
1215:Internet of things
1153:true destination.
1081:
918:cross-site attacks
843:intercepting proxy
505:block IP addresses
483:
307:. You can help by
216:
189:HTTP header fields
185:Transparent proxy:
156:
65:server application
53:
2455:978-1-5386-6660-9
2375:978-1-78961-294-3
2322:978-1-56592-871-8
2276:The Tor Project.
2092:on 3 January 2013
2028:Marshall, James.
2014:978-0-596-00162-9
1645:978-1-59059-627-2
1417:978-0-9799587-1-7
1044:excessive traffic
855:application layer
841:Also known as an
837:Transparent proxy
816:Proxy auto-config
669:Web proxy servers
550:application layer
353:content-filtering
325:
324:
16:(Redirected from
2601:
2584:Internet privacy
2468:
2467:
2447:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2310:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2242:
2233:
2232:
2214:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2088:. Archived from
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2062:on 6 August 2020
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2002:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
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1929:
1927:
1925:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1858:
1856:10.17487/RFC7230
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1758:. October 2013.
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1729:
1727:10.17487/RFC3135
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1681:
1679:10.17487/RFC3143
1659:
1653:
1652:
1637:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1602:
1596:
1595:
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1591:
1572:
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1561:
1542:
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1525:
1518:
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1449:
1447:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1400:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1322:
1310:
1257:Internet privacy
1121:. It implements
1119:online anonymity
1096:traffic analysis
1088:online anonymity
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
651:Malicious usages
320:
317:
299:
292:
194:
67:that acts as an
21:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2559:
2558:
2548:
2522:
2496:
2477:
2472:
2471:
2456:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2401:Keenan, James.
2400:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2376:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2343:. 17 April 2023
2335:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2244:
2243:
2236:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2142:"Google Trends"
2140:
2139:
2135:
2125:
2123:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2015:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1953:
1951:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1897:
1895:
1894:on 1 March 2013
1886:
1885:
1881:
1868:
1866:
1837:"absolute-form"
1835:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1818:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1791:
1789:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1646:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1606:"Caching Proxy"
1604:
1603:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1586:on 9 March 2016
1574:
1573:
1569:
1559:
1557:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1445:
1443:
1436:httpd mod_proxy
1430:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1287:Web accelerator
1227:
1188:
1180:
1168:
1162:investigation.
1139:
1133:, SOCKS, ...).
1111:
1079:Tor-network map
1069:
1061:SuffixProxy.com
1057:
1008:
997:By serving the
972:
941:
913:
896:
839:
828:
750:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
719:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
671:
666:
658:
653:
640:
617:
609:geo-IP database
605:geotargeted ads
601:
573:
567:
558:
521:
488:
454:
430:
349:
343:
338:
333:
321:
315:
312:
305:needs expansion
290:
208:
202:
200:Reverse proxies
193:X-Forwarded-For
192:
175:Anonymous proxy
148:
120:tunneling proxy
118:or sometimes a
104:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2607:
2605:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2532:
2530:
2506:
2504:
2480:
2476:
2475:External links
2473:
2470:
2469:
2454:
2424:
2407:Smartproxy.com
2393:
2374:
2354:
2328:
2321:
2295:
2268:
2234:
2181:
2151:
2133:
2103:
2073:
2047:
2020:
2013:
1987:
1961:
1931:
1905:
1879:
1828:
1802:
1773:
1747:
1699:
1654:
1644:
1622:
1597:
1567:
1537:
1502:
1453:
1423:
1416:
1392:
1362:
1333:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1237:Captive portal
1234:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1187:
1184:
1179:
1176:
1167:
1164:
1138:
1135:
1123:garlic routing
1110:
1107:
1068:
1065:
1056:
1053:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1002:
995:
991:
984:
980:
971:
968:
940:
937:
912:
909:
895:
892:
838:
835:
827:
824:
773:Traffic Server
724:
684:
670:
667:
665:
662:
657:
654:
652:
649:
639:
636:
616:
613:
600:
597:
584:Access control
569:Main article:
566:
563:
557:
554:
520:
517:
487:
484:
453:
450:
429:
426:
403:DNS blacklists
379:-based and/or
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
323:
322:
316:September 2024
302:
300:
289:
286:
285:
284:
276:
272:
268:
262:
259:
252:Load balancing
249:
234:SubjectAltName
204:Main article:
201:
198:
197:
196:
182:
147:
144:
132:authentication
128:load-balancing
108:local computer
103:
100:
88:load balancing
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2606:
2595:
2594:Proxy servers
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2428:
2425:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2394:
2381:
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2371:
2367:
2366:
2358:
2355:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2324:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2299:
2296:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2269:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2185:
2182:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2147:
2146:Google Trends
2143:
2137:
2134:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1991:
1988:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1832:
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1816:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1787:
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1777:
1774:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1688:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1636:
1635:
1626:
1623:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1555:
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1541:
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1522:
1515:
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1503:
1498:
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1468:
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1457:
1454:
1441:
1437:
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1427:
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1413:
1409:
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1399:
1397:
1393:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1337:
1334:
1326:
1319:
1315:
1314:Luotonen, Ari
1309:
1306:
1299:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1272:Proxy pattern
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
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1211:
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1201:
1197:
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1177:
1175:
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1165:
1163:
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1148:
1144:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1103:Onion routing
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1073:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1054:
1052:
1049:
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1013:
1005:
1000:
996:
992:
989:
985:
981:
977:
976:
975:
969:
967:
963:
961:
960:GRE tunneling
957:
952:
950:
946:
945:Microsoft TMG
938:
936:
933:
931:
927:
922:
919:
910:
908:
904:
902:
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531:
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525:caching proxy
518:
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303:This section
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250:
247:
243:
242:SNI extension
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:
225:
222:
212:
207:
206:Reverse proxy
199:
190:
186:
183:
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176:
173:
172:
171:
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152:
145:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
124:reverse proxy
121:
117:
113:
109:
101:
99:
97:
93:
92:encapsulation
89:
85:
80:
78:
75:requesting a
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2538:
2512:
2486:
2434:
2427:
2415:. Retrieved
2406:
2396:
2384:. Retrieved
2364:
2357:
2345:. Retrieved
2340:
2331:
2306:
2298:
2286:. Retrieved
2271:
2259:. Retrieved
2250:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2172:. Retrieved
2163:
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1784:. tldp.org.
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1375:MDN Web Docs
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61:proxy server
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2533:‹ The
2507:‹ The
2481:‹ The
2417:26 December
2386:19 November
2341:IPRoyal.com
2174:5 September
2164:getproxi.es
2116:SourceForge
2066:12 November
2040:12 November
1980:16 November
1898:14 February
1792:4 September
1740:21 February
1610:www.ibm.com
1560:14 December
1446:20 December
1355:26 December
826:SOCKS proxy
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556:Translation
462:geolocation
265:Compression
236:feature of
168:Gordon Lyon
2563:Categories
2212:2117/99742
2030:"CGIProxy"
1869:4 November
1766:7 February
1708:"Layering"
1638:. Apress.
1473:: 105875.
1438:. Apache.
1385:6 December
1300:References
1277:SMTP proxy
1267:Proxy list
1178:Proxifiers
988:traceroute
818:protocol (
571:Anonymizer
179:IP address
164:forwarding
160:open proxy
136:decryption
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2464:132479013
2288:9 January
2221:0140-3664
2197:: 32–51.
2112:"PHProxy"
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1954:14 August
1924:14 August
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884:SYN flood
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760:traffic.
716:text/html
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492:eavesdrop
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2282:Archived
2261:4 August
2255:Archived
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2168:Archived
2120:Archived
2034:Archived
1974:Archived
1948:Archived
1918:Archived
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1760:Archived
1554:Archived
1521:Archived
1440:Archived
1406:(2008).
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625:security
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2126:7 April
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2096:17 May
2011:
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1615:2 July
1495:
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1204:server
911:Issues
872:
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767:(with
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710:Accept
377:daemon
271:pages.
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2460:S2CID
2225:S2CID
1524:(PDF)
1517:(PDF)
1493:S2CID
1328:(PDF)
1321:(PDF)
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2217:ISSN
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2068:2018
2042:2018
2009:ISBN
1982:2014
1956:2010
1926:2010
1900:2013
1871:2017
1864:7230
1847:IETF
1823:2017
1794:2011
1768:2014
1742:2014
1735:3135
1718:IETF
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1687:3143
1670:IETF
1640:ISBN
1617:2023
1592:2011
1562:2019
1532:2011
1485:ISSN
1448:2010
1412:ISBN
1387:2020
1357:2018
1198:and
1113:The
1075:The
1033:VPNs
1024:Perl
956:WCCP
930:NTLM
926:HTTP
901:DHCP
874:2616
726:HTTP
692:HTTP
675:HTTP
546:ACKs
415:JPEG
407:MIME
381:ICAP
369:logs
331:Uses
256:URLs
138:and
59:, a
2552:at
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2500:at
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1684:RFC
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1475:doi
1471:197
1172:DNS
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