408:. With a low lesion, children generally have good bowel control, but they may still become constipated. For children who have a poor outcome for continence and constipation from the initial surgery, further surgery to better establish the angle between the anus and the rectum may improve continence and, for those with a large rectum, surgery to remove that dilated segment may significantly improve the bowel control for the patient. An antegrade enema mechanism can be established by joining the appendix to the skin (Malone stoma); however, establishing more normal anatomy is the priority.
77:
53:
349:
When an infant is born with an anorectal malformation, it is usually detected quickly as it is a very obvious defect. Doctors will then determine the type of birth defect the child was born with and whether or not there are any associated malformations. Determining the presence of any associated
395:
While many surgical techniques to definitively repair anorectal malformations have been described, the posterior sagittal approach (PSARP) has become the most popular. It involves dissection of the perineum without entry into the abdomen and 90% of defects in boys can be repaired this way.
1119:
1002:
987:
416:
Imperforate anus has an estimated incidence of 1 in 5,000 births. It affects boys and girls with similar frequency. However, imperforate anus will present as the low version 90% of the time in females and 50% of the time in males.
1112:
1105:
110:
to complex anomalies. The cause of ARMs is unknown; the genetic basis of these anomalies is very complex because of their anatomical variability. In 8% of patients, genetic factors are clearly associated with ARMs.
552:
Moore, Samuel W (14 November 2006). "Genetics, Pathogenesis and
Epidemiology of Anorectal Malformations and Caudal Regression Syndrome". In Holschneider, Alexander Matthias; Hutson, John M. (eds.).
1497:
789:
Becmeur F, Hofmann-Zango I, Jouin H, Moog R, Kauffmann I, Sauvage P (2001). "Three-flap anoplasty for imperforate anus: results for primary procedure or for redoes".
911:
Iranikhah, A.; Heydari, M.; Hakimelahi, J.; Gharehbeglou, M.; Ghadir, M. R. (2016). "Surgical Repair of
Imperforate Anus: A Report from Haly Abbas (949-982AD)".
851:
741:
457:
456:. He has reported the use of wine for wound care in this surgery. Some reports of children surviving this surgery are available from the early
569:
499:
310:
384:
can be relied on until corrective surgery takes place. Depending on the severity of the imperforate, it is treated either with a perineal
145:
There are several forms of imperforate anus and anorectal malformations. The new classification is in relation of the type of associated
137:, rectal atresia, rectal stenosis, and anterior ectopic anus. This form is more commonly seen in females and presents with constipation.
1017:
634:
585:
Belloni, E; Martucciello, G; Verderio, D; Ponti, E; Seri, M; Jasonni, V; Torre, M; Ferrari, M; Tsui, LC; Scherer, SW (January 2000).
258:
Imperforate anus is associated with an increased incidence of some other specific anomalies as well, together being called the
1414:
298:
754:
Haber HP, Seitz G, Warmann SW, Fuchs J (2007). "Transperineal sonography for determination of the type of imperforate anus".
322:
302:
1287:
306:
1502:
852:"Anorectal disorders requiring surgical treatment in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt"
314:
282:
1165:
290:
1387:
1321:
1222:
231:
1097:
697:
Leape, LL; Ramenofsky, ML (December 1978). "Anterior ectopic anus: a common cause of constipation in children".
133:
There are other forms of anorectal malformations though imperforate anus is most common. Other variants include
1507:
1472:
1336:
1031:
1316:
358:
and those that do not. The decision to open a colostomy is usually taken within the first 24 hours of birth.
1363:
421:
1512:
1326:
1229:
1170:
1140:
1132:
318:
731:
Pena A, Levitt MA. (2006) "Anorectal
Malformations" in: Grosfeld et al. Ed. "Pediatric Surgery", Mosly
1373:
1128:
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259:
247:
112:
76:
1409:
1396:
1304:
1217:
1204:
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235:
116:
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is malformed. ARMs are a spectrum of different congenital anomalies which vary from fairly minor
856:
Nigerian
Journal of Medicine: Journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria
404:
With a high lesion, many children have problems controlling bowel function and most also become
385:
1467:
1437:
1368:
1071:
1042:
964:
928:
890:
881:
Bhat NA, Mathur M, Bhatnagar V (2003). "Sacrococcygeal teratoma with anorectal malformation".
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505:
487:
481:
433:
354:. There are two main categories of anorectal malformations: those that require a protective
266:
223:
70:
480:
Nixon, H. H. (14 November 2006). Holschneider, Alexander
Matthias; Hutson, John M. (eds.).
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665:
650:"Anteriorly placed rectal opening in the perineum ectopic anus; a report of 30 cases"
441:
440:
described a surgical treatment for imperforate anus for the first time. 10th-century
278:
99:
1331:
1187:
1082:
924:
405:
326:
218:), in which the rectum, vagina and urinary tract are joined into a single channel.
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defects during the newborn period in order to treat them early may avoid further
17:
1192:
1153:
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561:
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265:
Other entities associated with an imperforate anus are trisomies 18 and 21, the
1085:
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168:(narrowing) of the anus, or the anus may be missing altogether, with the
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anomalies are among the possibilities, collectively being called the
239:
207:
196:
180:
169:
157:
107:
103:
740:
Colorectal Center, Cincinnati
Children's Hospital Medical Center. "
602:
222:
Imperforate anus is usually present along with other birth defects—
52:
635:"Pediatric Anorectal Malformations | Children's National Hospital"
453:
377:
227:
121:
1025:
1022:
1101:
452:
throughout the surgery and the prevention of strictures with a
587:"Involvement of the HLXB9 homeobox gene in Currarino syndrome"
152:
The
Wingspread classification was in low and high anomalies:
906:
904:
475:
473:
164:
remains close to the skin. In this case, there may be a
364:
can be used to determine the type of imperforate anus.
648:
Bill AH, Jr; Johnson, RJ; Foster, RA (February 1958).
969:
1458:
1428:
1395:
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1345:
1295:
1286:
1259:
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Medline Plus
Medical Encyclopedia: Imperforate anus
119:represents the only association for which the gene
64:
42:
37:
420:Imperforate anus is an occasional complication of
1223:Tracheoesophageal fistula: types B, C, D and E
1113:
8:
372:Imperforate anus usually requires immediate
1392:
1292:
1145:
1120:
1106:
1098:
970:
742:Anorectal Malformations / Imperforate Anus
448:was the first to highlight preserving the
75:
51:
38:Imperforate anus - Anorectal malformations
34:
673:
610:
509:
1498:Congenital disorders of digestive system
1218:Esophageal atresia: types A, B, C, and D
948:Children's Surgery: A Worldwide History
486:. Vol. 65. Springer. p. 819.
469:
756:AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
534:
524:
323:urorectal septum malformation sequence
791:European Journal of Pediatric Surgery
341:, imperforate anus, spinal defects).
311:short rib–polydactyly syndrome type 1
7:
554:Anorectal Malformations in Children
483:Anorectal Malformations in Children
1131:malformations and deformations of
883:Indian Journal of Gastroenterology
591:American Journal of Human Genetics
25:
210:, an analogous orifice in birds,
60:An X-ray showing imperforate anus
666:10.1097/00000658-195802000-00005
27:Birth defect of malformed rectum
946:Raffensperger, John G (2012).
925:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.11.001
187:connecting the rectum and the
1:
850:Adotey JM, Jebbin NJ (2004).
823:Texas Pediatric Associates. "
711:10.1016/S0022-3468(78)80105-5
699:Journal of Pediatric Surgery
556:. Springer. pp. 31–48.
175:A high lesion, in which the
562:10.1007/978-3-540-31751-7_3
1529:
1415:Johanson–Blizzard syndrome
840:." Retrieved 13 July 2005.
827:." Retrieved 13 July 2005.
299:Johanson–Blizzard syndrome
291:caudal regression syndrome
950:. McFarland. p. 148.
492:10.1007/978-3-540-31751-7
303:McKusick–Kaufman syndrome
232:tracheoesophageal fistula
59:
50:
1473:Polycystic liver disease
1337:Enteric duplication cyst
744:." Retrieved July, 2005.
277:of a maternally derived
172:ending in a blind pouch.
1364:Rectovestibular fistula
422:sacrococcygeal teratoma
307:Pallister–Hall syndrome
92:anorectal malformations
46:Anorectal malformations
1327:Intestinal malrotation
1322:Hirschsprung's disease
1230:Esophageal inlet patch
1171:Van der Woude syndrome
376:to open a passage for
315:Townes–Brocks syndrome
283:Baller–Gerold syndrome
113:Anorectal malformation
1317:Meckel's diverticulum
319:13q deletion syndrome
125:has been identified.
1166:Cleft lip and palate
803:10.1055/s-2001-18555
458:medieval Islamic era
254:Associated anomalies
179:is higher up in the
135:cloacal malformation
768:10.2214/AJR.07.2468
260:VACTERL association
248:VACTERL association
1503:Colorectal surgery
1410:Accessory pancreas
1305:Intestinal atresia
1058:External resources
287:Currarino syndrome
236:esophageal atresia
117:Currarino syndrome
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1468:Alagille syndrome
1438:Choledochal cysts
1382:
1381:
1369:Persistent cloaca
1282:
1281:
1095:
1094:
654:Annals of Surgery
571:978-3-540-31750-0
501:978-3-540-31750-0
450:sphincter muscles
204:persistent cloaca
84:
83:
32:Medical condition
18:Anorectal atresia
16:(Redirected from
1520:
1420:Pancreas divisum
1405:Annular pancreas
1393:
1359:Imperforate anus
1310:Duodenal atresia
1293:
1269:Pyloric stenosis
1237:esophageal rings
1146:
1133:digestive system
1122:
1115:
1108:
1099:
971:
952:
951:
943:
937:
936:
913:J. Pediatr. Surg
908:
899:
898:
878:
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838:Imperforate anus
834:
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825:Imperforate anus
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267:cat-eye syndrome
88:imperforate anus
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71:Medical genetics
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1508:Rectal diseases
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1450:Biliary atresia
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836:MedLine Plus. "
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1288:Lower GI tract
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1242:Esophageal web
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974:Classification
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959:External links
957:
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873:
842:
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242:anomalies and
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594:
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517:15 September
515:. Retrieved
482:
432:7th-century
431:
419:
415:
412:Epidemiology
403:
394:
371:
360:
348:
327:OEIS complex
264:
257:
221:
151:
144:
141:Presentation
132:
120:
95:
91:
87:
85:
29:
1193:Hypoglossia
1067:MedlinePlus
406:constipated
331:omphalocele
295:FG syndrome
43:Other names
1492:Categories
1351:anal canal
1297:Intestines
1129:Congenital
1043:DiseasesDB
464:References
446:Haly Abbas
444:physician
436:physician
388:or with a
362:Sonography
230:problems,
226:problems,
216:amphibians
1430:Bile duct
1388:Accessory
1205:Esophagus
1078:eMedicine
889:(1): 27.
537:ignored (
527:cite book
434:Byzantine
400:Prognosis
390:colostomy
386:anoplasty
380:unless a
368:Treatment
356:colostomy
345:Diagnosis
335:exstrophy
275:tetrasomy
269:(partial
66:Specialty
1397:Pancreas
1086:ped/2923
1083:ped/1171
933:26651280
895:12617452
868:15523860
811:11719868
776:18029895
684:13498637
621:10631160
352:sequelae
325:and the
212:reptiles
166:stenosis
1261:Stomach
1250:(lower)
1244:(upper)
1158:pharynx
1037:D001006
675:1450565
612:1288336
511:1644586
442:Persian
428:History
382:fistula
374:surgery
337:of the
271:trisomy
195:or the
193:urethra
189:bladder
185:fistula
147:fistula
108:lesions
1347:Rectum
1213:EA/TEF
1177:tongue
1150:Tongue
1072:001147
1026:207500
1023:301800
931:
893:
866:
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719:731362
717:
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339:cloaca
224:spinal
208:cloaca
197:vagina
181:pelvis
170:rectum
158:lesion
156:A low
104:rectum
98:) are
73:
1460:Liver
1154:mouth
1048:34522
1012:751.2
997:Q42.3
454:stent
378:feces
240:renal
228:heart
177:colon
162:colon
129:Types
122:HLXB9
1156:and
1032:MeSH
1018:OMIM
1007:9-CM
929:PMID
891:PMID
864:PMID
807:PMID
772:PMID
715:PMID
680:PMID
617:PMID
566:ISBN
539:help
519:2013
496:ISBN
244:limb
214:and
96:ARMs
1003:ICD
988:ICD
921:doi
799:doi
764:doi
760:189
707:doi
670:PMC
662:doi
658:147
607:PMC
599:doi
558:doi
506:PMC
488:doi
281:),
273:or
115:in
90:or
86:An
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