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371:, which she believed could be used to abort a baby, and had given it to Ann two weeks before the trip to Glentivar. Other people also testified during the trial that Ann had been pregnant. Enslaved people were precluded from testifying by Virginia law, so no evidence could be presented about the body found in the stack of shingles. Judith Randolph either did not testify or she testified that Richard did not leave their room that night. Richard Randolph was acquitted. Despite the acquittal, one modern author noted Ann faced severe consequences:"before the year was out, the girl had become the Jezebel of the
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345:. Richard was in Ann's dark room and would not allow a candle to be brought in, but Mary Harrison was able to sit with Ann for a few minutes. Judith remained in bed in the room she was staying in. The next day, blood was found on Ann's pillowcases and on the stairs; her bedding had been removed; and she remained in her room. The Randolphs left the Harrisons’ estate at the end of the week. The Harrisons were later told that the plantation's enslaved people found the corpse of a baby in a pile of old shingles.
230:
28:
460:. As a surprise to Morrisania guests, they were married on Christmas Day in 1809, with Ann’s plain, worn housekeeping dress serving as her wedding gown. Kirschke states, "Her wedding dress was a statement that they both very much enjoyed, Nancy because it showed her gratitude for his past kindness and Morris likely because of the element of surprise for the guests."
546:
403:, thought that Ann had poisoned Richard, and Judith was angry about the earlier scandal as well as upset by losing her husband and having a guardian appointed for her underage sons. In 1805, John asked Ann to leave the plantation. She spent the first couple of nights in the abandoned Tuckahoe mansion, then lived with various friends; at
341:
1 of the same year, Judith, Richard, and Ann traveled to the
Glentivar (or Glenlyvar) estate 30 miles northeast of Farmville to visit their cousin Randolph Harrison and his wife, Mary. The following night, Ann had screamed, which awakened the Harrisons. A servant told Mary Harrison that Ann was sick and needed
561:
She fought rumors of her in-laws that her son was not a son of
Gouverneur Morris. She used the press, friend's advice, and attorneys to address claims against her and her husband's character. Her efforts, and those of her husband's before he died, did much to restore her reputation. She also managed
398:
After
Richard Randolph died mysteriously in 1796 (leaving behind a will which scandalized many because it manumitted his slaves, a direction Judith Randolph fought for years to implement), Ann continued to live at the Bizarre plantation for a time. Despite knowing of Theodorick's engagement with Ann
340:
Some later claimed that Ann and the married
Richard were too fond of one another, and in the months after the early spring death of her fiance, Theodoric Randolph (an engagement Ann made against her father's wishes), particularly in the summer of 1792, Ann began gaining noticeable weight. On October
527:. Ann took him in at the Morrisania mansion and cared for him for three months. Judith and John visited Morrisania during Tudor's convalescence. In the hope that a change in climate would help him improve his health, Tudor traveled to England, but he died there in August 1815. Judith died in 1816.
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For her it is the moment of trying the affection of her friends, when their commiseration and comfort become balm to her wounds. I hope you will deal them out to her in full measure, regardless of what the trifling or malignant may think or say. Never throw off the best affections of nature in the
378:
Thomas
Jefferson, upon hearing of the scandal, wrote a letter to his daughter, Martha Jefferson Randolph. He wrote that he considered Ann "the pitiable victim" and encouraged his daughter to be a kind influence in her life. In fact, Ann had been engaged to Richard Randolph's brother, Theodoric, who
534:
Gouverneur Morris died on
November 6, 1816, at Morrisania. Ann and her son continued to live at Morrisania until her death in 1837. Ann considered her son her "richest treasure" and focused much of her attention on ensuring that he received a good education. Her son became a railroad executive and
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By the age of 16, Ann had a number of suitors. She was described as "by every indication a fetching girl with a 'little upturned nose,' a gift for self-dramatization, remarkably little in the way of discretion, and oodles of sex appeal." Ann and her stepmother fought and Ann was asked to leave the
272:
the scene of boisterous barbecues, fish fries, and fancy dress balls. The clapboard mansion was known throughout the colonies for its fine walnut paneling and fragrant boxwood gardens. Done up in velvet and gold, the colonel’s bedroom was the stuff of legend; the stables housed some of the fastest
530:
Previously, on his way home to
Virginia from his visit to Morrisania, John Randolph wrote a "vitriolic" letter to Ann, who then wrote a long response to twenty of John's political opponents. Throughout the years, John Randolph attempted to keep the Bizarre Plantation scandal alive, and Ann heard
190:. Books have been written about the scandal in which she was embroiled in central Virginia as a young woman after the death of her fiance. After she married Gouverneur Morris in New York, she regained much of her favorable social prominence until he died in 1816. She was devoted to their son,
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judge, so he helped raise the boys, including bringing them on trips to visit his planter father in
Bermuda in order to improve their often-problematic health. Richard Randolph, the eldest and therefore heir to most of their late father's estate, had studied at
411:(who had since married their cousin, Martha Jefferson Randolph); as well as in Richmond, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. She had very limited means, at times receiving small sums of money from her brothers, and she may have taught school in Rhode Island.
508:, in 1813. In October 1813, Gouverneur was away from his wife and baby and wrote a poem for her in a letter. After he returned home, the couple spent only one other night apart. Ann had the poem published posthumously in the alumni magazine
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unflattering rumors about herself throughout New York. The animus toward her extended to relatives of
Gouverneur Morris, who were no longer heirs to Morris’s estate because of his marriage to Ann and the birth of their son.
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She had contact with the
Randolphs (Thomas and Martha) at Monticello and Gouverneur and Ann had planned a visit to Monticello according to a letter from Thomas Jefferson dated October 20, 1816 (Gouverneur died November 6,
384:
moment when they become most precious to their object; nor fear to extend your hand to save another, lest you should sink yourself. You are on firm ground: your kindnesses will help her and count in your own favor also.
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Martha responded that the "vile seducer" had both destroyed Ann’s reputation and corrupted her mind, and she was concerned that some people may be swayed from what a "person of sense" would deduce about the scandal.
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visited the Bizarre plantation and noted in his journal the property had a "French name, but not quite applicable to Mr. Richard Randolph's house at present for there is nothing bizarre about it that I can
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Ann’s marriage to a prestigious figure allowed her to move on from her dismal years and regain social prominence. From June to September in 1810, the newlywed couple traveled to inspect the land for the
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The Bizarre plantation house burned down in 1813 and Judith moved into a small house in Farmdale. Judith had two sons with Richard: one who died before the age of 20 and another who was born deaf.
554:
312:. The couple, distant cousins, had married in 1789 when Richard (also a descendant of William Randolph), was 19 and Judith was 17. Richard and his brothers Theodorick Randolph and
515:
Ann maintained relationships with family members and friends in Virginia, which included her sister Judith and Judith’s sons, who had become the wards of the childless, unmarried
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defended him before at a trial before the more than judges of the Prince Edward County Court. During the trial, Martha Jefferson Randolph stated that she had obtained
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Gouverneur Morris born Feb. 9, 1813; died Aug. 20, 1888. Founder of this Parish, to which he gave church and lands for the glory of God and in memory of his mother.
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337:(St. George Tucker's mentor and friend) before taking control of his late father's plantation. However, the tobacco economy was collapsing at the time.
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around 1788. After corresponding for awhile, she accepted a position as his housekeeper. Morris was a senator for New York, a delegate to both the
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were close friends. Her mother died in March 1789. In September of the following year, her father married a woman about Ann's age named Gabriela.
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her husband's estate, which was diminished due to mismanagement by one of his nephews, so that her son would inherit an "unencumbered estate".
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When she was about 19 years old, Ann went to live with her sister Judith and brother-in-law, Richard Randolph, at Bizarre Plantation, an
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and the young man who was the alleged father had become its laughing stock. Idlers in taverns made ribald jokes at his expense."
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456:, and an ambassador to France under President Washington. In April 1809, she went to work and live in New York at his residence,
348:
205:
1286:
Nancy Randolph Papers, 1805-1962, Special Collections Research Center, Earl Gregg Swem Library, College of William and Mary.
1262:
Doyle, Christopher L. "The Randolph Scandal in Early National Virginia, 1792-1815: New Voices in the 'Court of Honour'."
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as consul at Gibraltar in a letter to President Madison. Larned went on to have a 23-year career in diplomatic service.
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In April 1793, the local prosecutor accused Richard Randolph of murdering the baby born to Ann. Prominent lawyers
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1257:
Unwise Passions: A True Story of a Remarkable Woman - and the First Great Scandal of Eighteenth-Century America.
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Correspondence between John Randolph and Ann C. Morris (Nancy Randolph), 1814-1815 [Typescript Copy]
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was Ann Cary Randolph's cousin, friend, and sister-in-law. She testified at the trial of Richard Randolph.
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Israel on the Appomattox: A Southern Experiment in Black Freedom from the 1790s Through the Civil War
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had died eight months before the stillbirth. Jefferson stated that he only found one person guilty.
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851:"Randolph Plantation, Scandal at Bizarre, and Israel Hill - High Bridge Walking Tour - PocketSights"
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539:. He married his cousin, Martha "Patsey" Jefferson Cary, the daughter of Ann's younger sister
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Ann was living in a boarding house in New York in October 1808 when she received a visit from
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468:. In December 1811, they were guests at the White House, where they met with President
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and Ann Cary Randolph, and she had 12 siblings. The aristocratic, plantation-owning
956:"Founders Online: From Thomas Jefferson to Martha Jefferson Randolph, 28 April 1 …"
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981:"Founders Online: To Thomas Jefferson from Martha Jefferson Randolph, 16 May 1793"
919:"National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet - Tuckahoe (2019 Update)"
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Gouverneur Mooris's poem to Ann during an absence from her and their infant son:
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Inscription on a plaque to the right of the chancel at St Ann's Episcopal Church.
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Thomas Jefferson in a letter to Martha Jefferson Randolph, dated April 28, 1793.
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and socialized with political and diplomatic figures. In 1815, Ann recommended
1078:"Founders Online: To James Madison from Ann Cary Randolph Morris, 22 May 1815"
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404:
1252:, 45(1), 55–86. Retrieved January 14, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/4244772
1248:
Anderson, Jefferson Randolph. (1937). "Tuckahoe and the Tuckahoe Randolphs."
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1193:"Founders Online: Thomas Jefferson to Gouverneur Morris, 20 October 1816"
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at what would become the corner of East Second and North Main Streets in
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lost their father in 1775, and three years later their mother married
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Ann and Gouverneur Morris are buried in a family crypt at St. Ann's.
194:(1813–1888), whom she called her "richest treasure.” They lived at
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204:
1271:
Scandal at Bizarre: Rumor and Reputation in Jefferson's America.
1226:. Landmarks Preservation Commission, New York City. June 9, 1967
236:, the birthplace and childhood home of Ann Cary Randolph Morris.
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Scandal at Bizarre: Rumor and Reputation in Jefferson's America
1134:
Gouverneur Morris: Author, Statesman, and Man of the World
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Gouverneur Morris: Author, Statesman, and Man of the World
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Bizarre is believed to be named from the French word,
320:, a prominent lawyer and future law professor at the
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Rhode Island Historical Society Manuscripts Division
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565:Ann died in 1837. In her memory, her son built the
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1277:Morris, Ann Cary Randolph; Randolph, John (1837),
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1023:Women of the Constitution: Wives of the Signers
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220:was built on the grounds of the former mansion.
178:(September 16, 1774 – May 28, 1837) (nicknamed
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1250:The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography
1171:. University of Virginia Press. p. 147.
894:Martha Jefferson Randolph: Her Life and Times
8:
897:. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 95.
519:. Tudor Randolph, her younger son, attended
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1315:Morris family (Morrisania and New Jersey)
1020:McKenney, Janice E. (November 15, 2012).
779:Crawford, Alan Pell (November 26, 2000).
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727:. Monticello, Thomas Jefferson Foundation
649:With all which bounteous Heaven can grant
444:, whom she had first met when he visited
285:During her childhood, she and her cousin
399:and his death, Richard's other brother,
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198:(in what is now the Bronx). He had the
103: 1809; died 1816)
637:Kiss for me, my love, our charming boy
523:in 1814 and became seriously ill with
333:as well as with noted Virginia jurist
1259:New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000.
1026:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 133–134.
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1273:New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
264:, and often intermarried among the
643:Of pressing to his father’s breast
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1131:Kirschke, James J. (2005-11-29).
1050:Kirschke, James J. (2005-11-29).
655:Of bliss, be mine the scanty lot.
646:The son and mother. Be they blest
1221:"St. Ann's Church and Graveyard"
658:Your happiness, may no dark spot
240:Ann Cary Randolph was born near
535:was one of the founders of the
100:
661:Of gloomy woe or piercing pain
573:on the grounds of Morrisania.
202:in Bronx built in her memory.
1:
652:And if among us one must want
640:I long to taste again the joy
432:, 1798, watercolor on ivory,
1165:Kierner, Cynthia A. (2006).
891:Kierner, Cynthia A. (2012).
1310:Randolph family of Virginia
1264:Journal of Southern History
869:. Random House, Inc. 2005.
322:College of William and Mary
254:Randolph family of Virginia
1336:
1266:69, no. 2 (2003): 283-318.
1137:. Macmillan. p. 265.
1056:. Macmillan. p. 264.
725:"Ann Cary Randolph Morris"
611:. In June 1796, architect
567:St. Ann's Episcopal Church
551:St. Ann's Episcopal Church
504:The couple had one child,
434:Metropolitan Museum of Art
297:Bizarre Plantation scandal
266:First Families of Virginia
218:St. Ann's Episcopal Church
200:St. Ann's Episcopal Church
664:Or melancholy ever stain…
454:Constitutional Convention
353:Martha Jefferson Randolph
287:Martha Jefferson Randolph
152:Martha Jefferson Randolph
25:
781:"A House Called Bizarre"
517:John Randolph of Roanoke
409:Thomas Mann Randolph Jr.
401:John Randolph of Roanoke
314:John Randolph of Roanoke
250:Thomas Mann Randolph Sr.
184:Thomas Mann Randolph Sr.
176:Ann Cary Randolph Morris
146:Thomas Mann Randolph Jr.
125:Thomas Mann Randolph Sr.
20:Ann Cary Randolph Morris
262:Turkey Island, Virginia
154:(sister-in-law, cousin)
1103:"Samuel Larned Papers"
924:. 2019. pp. 31–32
585:
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555:New York City landmark
553:, 1934. It was made a
541:Virginia Randolph Cary
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437:
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182:) was the daughter of
164:Virginia Randolph Cary
1255:Crawford, Alan Pell.
1197:founders.archives.gov
1082:founders.archives.gov
985:founders.archives.gov
960:founders.archives.gov
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506:Gouverneur Morris Jr.
493:Gouverneur Morris Jr.
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192:Gouverneur Morris Jr.
115:Gouverneur Morris Jr.
1320:People from Virginia
1269:Kierner, Cynthia A.
488:Thomas Seir Cummings
450:Continental Congress
273:horses in the South.
495:(1813-1888), 1840,
446:Tuckahoe Plantation
310:Farmville, Virginia
248:. Her parents were
246:Tuckahoe Plantation
234:Tuckahoe Plantation
212:mansion of Ann and
53:Tuckahoe Plantation
559:
521:Harvard University
502:
497:Walters Art Museum
438:
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326:Virginia appellate
306:tobacco plantation
279:Alan Pell Crawford
242:Richmond, Virginia
238:
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49:September 16, 1774
1178:978-0-8139-2616-2
1144:978-0-312-24195-7
1063:978-0-312-24195-7
1033:978-0-8108-8499-1
904:978-0-8078-3552-4
876:978-0-679-76872-2
442:Gouverneur Morris
429:Gouverneur Morris
407:with her brother
318:St. George Tucker
256:, descended from
214:Gouverneur Morris
188:Gouverneur Morris
173:
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128:Ann Cary Randolph
89:Gouverneur Morris
39:Ann Cary Randolph
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63:May 28, 1837
1305:1837 deaths
1300:1774 births
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1202:January 15,
1113:January 14,
1087:January 14,
990:January 15,
965:January 15,
928:January 15,
835:January 14,
798:January 14,
731:January 13,
369:gum guaicum
324:as well as
1294:Categories
684:References
607:, meaning
569:along the
466:Erie Canal
458:Morrisania
436:, New York
405:Monticello
303:Antebellum
225:Early life
210:Morrisania
196:Morrisania
71:Morrisania
45:1774-09-16
881:pp. 26-27
793:0190-8286
331:Princeton
244:, on the
148:(brother)
133:Relatives
121:Parent(s)
609:valorous
580:—
452:and the
415:Marriage
387:—
343:laudanum
276:—
166:(sister)
160:(sister)
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591:Notes
180:Nancy
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1232:2020
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1173:ISBN
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