55:
264:
465:
interaction of sound with unsteady flow, and (2) the control of aeroacoustic instabilities. Her publications range from problem-defining fundamental papers to descriptions of the technology behind successful practical applications. Her research and academic leadership are admired internationally and she is a strong research leader.
464:
Ann
Dowling is a leading authority on developments that are enabling the control of unstable combustion systems in both aeronautics and power generation. She was the first to understand the mechanics of the jet engine instability known as reheat buzz. The two underlying themes of work are (1) the
281:
282:
1005:
273:
1788:
1126:
1808:
1798:
1009:
1748:
1733:
1230:
453:
1753:
729:
1335:
506:. She took up the position in September 2014, and in that role chaired a 2015 review (the 'Dowling Review') of business–university research collaboration, published in July 2015.
1758:
1743:
1416:
1130:
346:
126:
36:
583:
713:
529:
for her work associated with efficient, low emission combustion; and understanding, modelling and reducing the noise from cars, helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft
283:
1275:
1793:
1783:
1768:
510:
457:
963:
369:. Dowling is a Deputy Vice-Chancellor and Professor of Mechanical Engineering, and from 2009 to 2014 she was Head of the Department of Engineering at the
354:
44:
670:
1184:
1728:
1326:
1172:
923:
1803:
1738:
1152:
1763:
1723:
418:
210:
726:
1778:
1100:
550:
417:
Dowling's research career has been at
University of Cambridge starting as a research fellow in 1977 but she has held visiting posts at the
1249:
525:
521:
1399:
426:
205:
1316:
1313:
473:
in 2008 for advances in acoustics and unsteady flow, and for leadership in collaborative research between industry and universities.
386:
549:
In 2018, for her has continued work in the engineering industry, Dowling was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of
Science, from
200:
470:
1497:
868:
535:
496:
430:
1361:
1044:
580:
503:
398:
374:
342:
131:
32:
195:
1408:
350:
136:
40:
358:(born 15 July 1952) is a British mechanical engineer who researches combustion, acoustics and vibration, focusing on
1686:
1512:
608:
Who's Who 2014, A & C Black, an imprint of
Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2014; online edn, Oxford University Press
359:
100:
1635:
1522:
1353:
394:
90:
1773:
960:
390:
370:
190:
1217:
674:
1718:
1574:
1554:
1392:
441:
422:
654:
231:
1713:
1564:
1539:
1435:
1299:
927:
798:
755:
248:
1589:
628:
488:
476:
In
February 2013 Dowling was listed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the United Kingdom by
291:
147:
1674:
1584:
1202:
814:
771:
1104:
54:
1377:
1253:
883:
1692:
1645:
1618:
1608:
1492:
1385:
864:
707:
397:), where after studying mathematics at undergraduate level, and following a summer job at the
603:
444:
with immediate effect. She has been a non-executive board member at BIS since
February 2014.
1544:
1457:
1445:
1173:
The
Dowling Review of business university research collaborations launches call for evidence
841:
806:
763:
243:
1197:
1579:
1569:
1549:
1502:
967:
733:
587:
1321:
699:
478:
802:
759:
1559:
1507:
1477:
1472:
1430:
543:
514:
366:
121:
1707:
1668:
1630:
1440:
1412:
818:
775:
429:(Moore Distinguished Scholar 2001). Dowling is one of four main panel chairs for the
402:
363:
174:
1680:
1662:
1482:
1462:
980:
832:
Dowling, A. P.; Stow, S. R. (2003). "Acoustic
Analysis of Gas Turbine Combustors".
1276:"Professor Dame Ann Dowling OM DBE awarded Honorary Doctorate from Royal Holloway"
280:
1527:
746:
Dowling, A. P. (1997). "Nonlinear self-excited oscillations of a ducted flame".
696:
634:
557:
483:
141:
1023:
1640:
1613:
1517:
1467:
948:
810:
767:
539:
304:
373:, where she was the first female professor in 1993. She was President of the
1175:, Royal Academy of Engineering, 23 January 2014. Accessed: 2 September 2015.
1058:
1101:"Royal Academy of Engineering Council nominates its first female President"
1624:
1602:
1595:
1533:
1451:
406:
1185:
Business-university research collaborations: Dowling review final report
1079:
624:
502:
In
January 2014 Dowling was nominated for election as President of the
513:
in 2002 and promoted to DBE in 2007. In 2016 she was appointed to the
887:
225:
1153:"Royal Academy of Engineering celebrates its first female President"
1322:
Ann
Dowling's University of Cambridge Department of Engineering bio
845:
401:, she was awarded a PhD degree in 1978. Dowling's doctorate was in
1006:"EC/2003/12: Dowling, Ann Patricia. Library and Archive Catalogue"
665:
663:
319:
1789:
Members of the University of Cambridge Department of Engineering
700:"Professor Dame Ann Dowling, OM DBE FRS FREng — CUED Division A"
1381:
789:
Dowling, A. P. (1999). "A kinematic model of a ducted flame".
1127:"Royal Academy of Engineering selects first female president"
1327:
Creating silent skies – Professor Dame Ann Dowling CBE FREng
262:
1338:
Women of Outstanding Achievement:Professor Dame Ann Dowling
736:
Women of Outstanding Achievement:Professor Dame Ann Dowling
437:
215:
907:
377:
from 2014 to 2019, the Academy's first female president.
981:"Non-executive board member Professor Dame Ann Dowling"
1250:"Bill Gates elected to Chinese Academy of Engineering"
1809:
Engineering professors at the University of Cambridge
1799:
Foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
702:. University of Cambridge Department of Engineering.
604:"DOWLING, Prof. Dame Ann Patricia, (Dame Ann Hynes)"
1654:
1423:
469:Dowling was elected an international member of the
314:
242:
224:
183:
164:
114:
106:
96:
86:
64:
23:
1749:Female fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
1734:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
1231:"JAMES WATT INTERNATIONAL GOLD MEDAL: ANN DOWLING"
1045:"Woman's Hour – The Power List 2013 – BBC Radio 4"
127:Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire
1187:, BIS, 2 July 2015. Accessed: 2 September 2015.
462:
1754:Presidents of the Royal Academy of Engineering
1218:Cambridge academics honoured over the New Year
671:"The President – Royal Academy of Engineering"
1393:
534:In November 2017, Dowling was elected to the
132:President of the Royal Academy of Engineering
8:
1759:Fellows of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
1744:Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
1008:. London: The Royal Society. Archived from
924:"Interview with Professor Dame Ann Dowling"
712:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
538:alongside 18 foreign individuals including
1400:
1386:
1378:
1341:
655:Notice Special No 1, Monday 2 October 2017
576:
574:
572:
454:Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering
53:
20:
598:
596:
1345:Professional and academic associations
568:
486:. and was the subject of an episode of
440:announced that Dowling was to become a
387:Ursuline Convent School, Westgate, Kent
1080:"Patrons: Women's Engineering Society"
912:(PhD thesis). University of Cambridge.
705:
302:
425:Visiting Professor, 1999) and at the
419:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
211:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7:
1794:21st-century British women engineers
1784:Alumni of Girton College, Cambridge
1769:Female fellows of the Royal Society
1235:Institution of Mechanical Engineers
1059:"BBC Radio 4 – The Life Scientific"
551:Royal Holloway University of London
526:Institution of Mechanical Engineers
522:James Watt International Gold Medal
460:in 2003. Her FRS nomination reads:
949:HEFCE announcement of panel chairs
524:was awarded to her in 2016 by the
427:California Institute of Technology
360:efficient, low-emission combustion
14:
303:Problems playing this file? See
278:
201:Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
1729:British people of Irish descent
1206:. 13 January 2016. p. 546.
834:Journal of Propulsion and Power
657:– Cambridge University reporter
471:National Academy of Engineering
1248:Xiang, Bo (27 November 2017).
536:Chinese Academy of Engineering
1:
1804:People from Thanet (district)
1739:Members of the Order of Merit
431:Research Excellence Framework
1764:Fellows of the Royal Society
1724:British mechanical engineers
1362:Royal Academy of Engineering
504:Royal Academy of Engineering
399:Royal Aircraft Establishment
375:Royal Academy of Engineering
1779:British corporate directors
909:Picoustic Sources in Motion
497:Women's Engineering Society
495:Dowling is a Patron of the
458:Fellow of the Royal Society
137:Fellow of the Royal Society
1825:
1318:Sidney Sussex College news
1220:(accessed 19 January 2016)
884:Ann Dowling's publications
861:Sound and Sources of Sound
791:Journal of Fluid Mechanics
748:Journal of Fluid Mechanics
232:Acoustic Sources in Motion
101:Silent Aircraft Initiative
1368:
1358:
1349:
1344:
1216:University of Cambridge:
811:10.1017/S0022112099005686
768:10.1017/S0022112097006484
581:Debrett's People of Today
556:In 2019 she received the
339:Dame Ann Patricia Dowling
258:
254:
157:
91:Girton College, Cambridge
52:
1560:Richard John Nelmes
1252:. Xinhua. Archived from
966:20 February 2012 at the
890:bibliographic database.
385:Dowling was educated at
274:Dame Ann Dowling's voice
1280:www.royalholloway.ac.uk
892:(subscription required)
613:(subscription required)
391:University of Cambridge
371:University of Cambridge
289:from the BBC programme
196:Cambridge–MIT Institute
191:University of Cambridge
1609:Richard H. Sibson
1603:John Donald Scott
1452:John Milton Brown
859:Dowling, Anne (1983).
467:
456:(FREng) in 1996 and a
452:Dowling was elected a
442:non-executive director
405:, specifically on the
267:
171:Mechanical engineering
1596:John Gair Robson
1024:"Dame Ann P. Dowling"
951:accessed 16 July 2010
904:Dowling, Ann Patricia
590:Prof Dame Ann Dowling
266:
16:Engineering professor
1540:Jonathan D. G. Jones
1436:Jocelyn Bell Burnell
1332:, Issue 37, Dec 2008
509:She was appointed a
436:On 3 February 2012,
249:John Ffowcs Williams
69:Ann Patricia Dowling
1590:Elizabeth Robertson
1534:Malcolm Irving
1498:Roger Fletcher
1256:on 27 November 2017
803:1999JFM...394...51D
760:1997JFM...346..271D
732:30 May 2011 at the
630:The Life Scientific
586:4 July 2013 at the
489:The Life Scientific
292:The Life Scientific
148:Ludwig Prandtl Ring
1675:Klaus von Klitzing
1669:Fotis Kafatos
1625:Adrian Sutton
1585:Venki Ramakrishnan
1523:Peter Holland
1203:The London Gazette
677:on 20 October 2014
633:. 28 August 2012.
625:"Dame Ann Dowling"
448:Awards and honours
268:
1701:
1700:
1693:Valentine Telegdi
1681:Donald Knuth
1646:Peter N. T. Wells
1619:Geoffrey L. Smith
1565:Stephen O'Rahilly
1555:Stephen Mann
1493:Jeffery Errington
1473:Anthony Dickinson
1376:
1375:
1369:Succeeded by
1360:President of the
1237:. 19 August 2018.
863:. Ellis Horwood.
423:Jerome C Hunsaker
336:
335:
295:, 28 August 2012.
284:
159:Scientific career
110:Thomas Paul Hynes
1816:
1545:Michael L. Klein
1528:James Hough
1458:Mark Wayne Chase
1446:William Bonfield
1402:
1395:
1388:
1379:
1366:September 2014–
1350:Preceded by
1342:
1302:
1300:Royal Medal 2019
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1227:
1221:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1129:. Archived from
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1103:. Archived from
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1002:
996:
995:
993:
991:
977:
971:
961:BP Board Changes
958:
952:
946:
940:
939:
937:
935:
930:on 18 March 2015
926:. Archived from
920:
914:
913:
900:
894:
893:
881:
875:
874:
856:
850:
849:
829:
823:
822:
786:
780:
779:
743:
737:
724:
718:
717:
711:
703:
693:
687:
686:
684:
682:
673:. Archived from
667:
658:
652:
646:
645:
643:
641:
621:
615:
614:
611:
600:
591:
578:
393:(as a member of
364:road vehicle and
357:
332:
329:
327:
325:
323:
321:
286:
285:
265:
244:Doctoral advisor
238:
82:
78:
76:
57:
47:
21:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1774:Directors of BP
1704:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1650:
1580:John Papaloizou
1575:Tim Palmer
1570:Bridget Ogilvie
1550:Alan MacDiarmid
1518:Keith Gull
1503:Roderick Flower
1419:
1406:
1372:
1365:
1356:
1336:www.theukrc.com
1310:
1305:
1298:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1215:
1211:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1133:on 13 July 2014
1125:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1107:on 15 July 2014
1099:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1012:on 4 July 2019.
1004:
1003:
999:
989:
987:
979:
978:
974:
970:3 February 2012
968:Wayback Machine
959:
955:
947:
943:
933:
931:
922:
921:
917:
902:
901:
897:
891:
886:indexed by the
882:
878:
871:
858:
857:
853:
831:
830:
826:
788:
787:
783:
745:
744:
740:
734:Wayback Machine
727:www.theukrc.com
725:
721:
704:
695:
694:
690:
680:
678:
669:
668:
661:
653:
649:
639:
637:
623:
622:
618:
612:
602:
601:
594:
588:Wayback Machine
579:
570:
566:
450:
415:
409:noise problem.
383:
341:
318:
310:
309:
301:
299:
298:
297:
296:
287:
279:
276:
269:
263:
236:
220:
179:
153:
87:Alma mater
80:
74:
72:
71:
70:
60:
59:Dowling in 2011
48:
31:
29:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1822:
1820:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1706:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1508:Melvyn Greaves
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1478:Eleanor Dodson
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1431:John D. Barrow
1427:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1357:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1324:
1319:
1309:
1308:External links
1306:
1304:
1303:
1292:
1267:
1240:
1222:
1209:
1189:
1177:
1165:
1144:
1118:
1092:
1071:
1050:
1036:
1015:
997:
972:
953:
941:
915:
895:
876:
869:
851:
846:10.2514/2.6192
824:
781:
754:(1): 271–290.
738:
719:
688:
659:
647:
616:
592:
567:
565:
562:
544:L. Rafael Reif
515:Order of Merit
449:
446:
414:
411:
395:Girton College
382:
379:
367:aircraft noise
334:
333:
316:
312:
311:
300:
288:
277:
272:
271:
270:
261:
260:
259:
256:
255:
252:
251:
246:
240:
239:
228:
222:
221:
219:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
187:
185:
181:
180:
178:
177:
172:
168:
166:
162:
161:
155:
154:
152:
151:
145:
139:
134:
129:
124:
122:Order of Merit
118:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
98:
97:Known for
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
68:
66:
62:
61:
58:
50:
49:
30:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1821:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1719:Living people
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1687:José Sarukhán
1684:
1682:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1636:Andrew Watson
1634:
1632:
1631:Karen Vousden
1629:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1441:Mariann Bienz
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1413:Royal Society
1410:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1364:
1363:
1355:
1348:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1001:
998:
986:
982:
976:
973:
969:
965:
962:
957:
954:
950:
945:
942:
929:
925:
919:
916:
911:
910:
905:
899:
896:
889:
885:
880:
877:
872:
866:
862:
855:
852:
847:
843:
839:
835:
828:
825:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
785:
782:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
742:
739:
735:
731:
728:
723:
720:
715:
709:
701:
697:
692:
689:
676:
672:
666:
664:
660:
656:
651:
648:
636:
632:
631:
626:
620:
617:
609:
605:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
582:
577:
575:
573:
569:
563:
561:
559:
554:
552:
547:
545:
541:
537:
532:
530:
527:
523:
518:
516:
512:
507:
505:
500:
498:
493:
491:
490:
485:
481:
480:
474:
472:
466:
461:
459:
455:
447:
445:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
412:
410:
408:
404:
403:aeroacoustics
400:
396:
392:
388:
380:
378:
376:
372:
368:
365:
361:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
331:
317:
313:
308:
306:
294:
293:
275:
257:
253:
250:
247:
245:
241:
234:
233:
229:
227:
223:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
188:
186:
182:
176:
175:Aeroacoustics
173:
170:
169:
167:
163:
160:
156:
149:
146:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
102:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
81:(age 72)
67:
63:
56:
51:
46:
42:
38:
34:
22:
19:
1663:Denis Baylor
1623:
1601:
1594:
1532:
1487:
1483:Peter Dornan
1463:Michael Coey
1450:
1359:
1329:
1295:
1283:. Retrieved
1279:
1270:
1258:. Retrieved
1254:the original
1243:
1234:
1225:
1212:
1201:
1192:
1180:
1168:
1158:16 September
1156:. Retrieved
1147:
1135:. Retrieved
1131:the original
1121:
1109:. Retrieved
1105:the original
1095:
1083:. Retrieved
1074:
1062:. Retrieved
1053:
1039:
1027:. Retrieved
1018:
1010:the original
1000:
988:. Retrieved
984:
975:
956:
944:
932:. Retrieved
928:the original
918:
908:
903:
898:
879:
860:
854:
837:
833:
827:
797:(1): 51–72.
794:
790:
784:
751:
747:
741:
722:
691:
681:16 September
679:. Retrieved
675:the original
650:
638:. Retrieved
629:
619:
607:
555:
548:
533:
528:
519:
508:
501:
494:
487:
479:Woman's Hour
477:
475:
468:
463:
451:
435:
416:
384:
362:and reduced
338:
337:
290:
230:
184:Institutions
158:
79:15 July 1952
18:
1714:1952 births
1513:Peter Green
1488:Ann Dowling
1354:John Parker
1260:29 November
1198:"No. 61470"
635:BBC Radio 4
558:Royal Medal
484:BBC Radio 4
142:Royal Medal
28:Ann Dowling
1708:Categories
1641:Fiona Watt
1614:Leon Simon
1468:Kay Davies
1085:19 January
1064:19 January
985:www.gov.uk
870:0853125279
840:(5): 751.
640:18 January
564:References
540:Bill Gates
389:, and the
305:media help
75:1952-07-15
1371:Incumbent
819:120706849
776:121990505
492:in 2012.
381:Education
1415:elected
1285:15 March
964:Archived
906:(1978).
730:Archived
708:cite web
584:Archived
407:Concorde
1655:Foreign
1424:Fellows
1417:in 2003
1411:of the
1409:Fellows
1330:Ingenia
1137:23 June
1111:23 June
990:4 March
934:4 March
799:Bibcode
756:Bibcode
499:(WES).
315:Website
206:Caltech
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1029:27 May
888:Scopus
867:
817:
774:
413:Career
330:/~apd1
237:(1978)
235:
226:Thesis
165:Fields
150:(2019)
144:(2019)
115:Awards
107:Spouse
815:S2CID
772:S2CID
355:FREng
353:
349:
345:
45:FREng
43:
39:
35:
1352:Sir
1287:2024
1262:2017
1160:2014
1139:2014
1113:2014
1087:2016
1066:2016
1031:2021
992:2015
936:2015
865:ISBN
714:link
683:2014
642:2014
542:and
520:The
324:.cam
322:.eng
65:Born
25:Dame
842:doi
807:doi
795:394
764:doi
752:346
553:.
511:CBE
482:on
351:FRS
347:DBE
328:.uk
326:.ac
320:www
41:FRS
37:DBE
1710::
1315:,
1278:.
1233:.
1200:.
983:.
838:19
836:.
813:.
805:.
793:.
770:.
762:.
750:.
710:}}
706:{{
698:.
662:^
627:.
606:.
595:^
571:^
560:.
546:.
531:.
517:.
438:BP
433:.
343:OM
216:BP
77:)
33:OM
1401:e
1394:t
1387:v
1289:.
1264:.
1162:.
1141:.
1115:.
1089:.
1068:.
1047:.
1033:.
994:.
938:.
873:.
848:.
844::
821:.
809::
801::
778:.
766::
758::
716:)
685:.
644:.
610:.
421:(
307:.
73:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
