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left to her nieces and nephews, but there was no legacy for her sister Sarah
Tebbitt. She left £5,000 (equivalent to £585,079 in 2023) to Dr Collett who attended her last illness, and generous legacies to servants and acquaintances. One account says that she left the remainder of the estate, plus £30,000 (equivalent to £3,510,477 in 2023) and Charmandean her country house, to Simm Smith. His brother inherited the other half of the residue, and was to inherit Charmandean after Simm Smith's death. Another account says that Simm Smith and his brother Samuel were to inherit £180,000 (equivalent to £21,062,861 in 2023).
244:(equivalent to £6,070,090 in 2023) in gifts to temporarily give up his London medical practice to manage her business affairs. Simm was living in Croydon with his family and visiting Ann fortnightly, and Ann sometimes paid him "very large sums of money." Before her husband was even buried she had made her Will, leaving everything to Simm Smith except a small annuity for Sarah Tebbitt and her children. Soon after the funeral she was befriended by Simm's brother Samuel; he was a stockbroker whose wife had died, leaving him with two daughters and a debt of £3,000 (equivalent to £364,205 in 2023) which Ann paid.
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377:, in which Sarah Tebbitt and two nieces contested her Will "on the grounds of undue execution, incapacity and undue influence." At the hearing, the legatees declared Ann sane whereas those left out of the Will, led by Ann's nephew, recounted her religious delusions. It was during this case that the unmarried situation of Ann Thwaytes's mother came to light, because
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421:" and the conviction that she was part of the Trinity, and they continued for the rest of her life. During the full moon at Broadwater she was observed by worried neighbours to dress in white and to drive the same route in her yellow carriage ritually: past the old Sussex Pad Inn (now replaced with a hotel), over
516:. . . Grecian temple, 70 feet high, on the top of which is to be fixed a clock . . . the fabric will be of quadrangular form, supported at each corner by pillars of the Corinthian order. At the top will be a cupola or dome, immediately beneath which the clock, with four illuminated dials, will be placed.
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from those with religious sensibility and social pity. Secondly, following the expansion of the middle classes in the 18th and 19th centuries, beneficence was "an avenue for entry into elite society for women and gave them a sense of place and direction outside the home." In other words, for a woman
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She died aged 76 at her London town house in 1866, and was buried on 13 April in a vaulted grave at
Broadwater and Worthing Cemetery, in plot C4.1–4.10–13, near the North Chapel. Her estate was worth £400,000 (equivalent to £46,806,358 in 2023). £45,000 (equivalent to £5,265,715 in 2023) was
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and main beneficiary" and describes her as his "beloved wife" in spite of her earlier suspicion that he was poisoning her. Ann soon became "very close" to her London surgeon Simm Smith. After her husband died, she paid Smith £2,000 (equivalent to £242,804 in 2023) per year and a total of £50,000
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for herself, her sister Sarah
Tebbitt and Sarah's children. She then moved to Finsbury Circus where she lived with her companion Louisa Little between August 1835 and January 1838. When she left Clapham she settled a capital of £30,000 (equivalent to £3,731,566.82 in 2023), and lifetime annuity
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Ann's sister Sarah's husband Mr
Tebbitt died in 1833, leaving her unsupported with seven children. Ann's husband died some months later in 1834 aged 85 years, leaving her a fortune of around £500,000 (equivalent to £60,700,900 in 2023) and no children. William Thwaytes's Will makes her a "joint
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According to the late Herne Bay historian, Harold Gough, Mrs
Thwaytes suddenly "took a huff" and left Herne Bay. After the Clock Tower had been opened, builder George Burge began work on the old St John's Church in Brunswick Square. Eventually the money ran out; Burge ran out of bricks and had to
437:. She would talk to her friend Louisa Little, her niece Mrs Cook who noted Ann's sayings in a diary, and to servants and tradesmen, about her religious beliefs, but would close the discussion if rebuffed. She would allow sermons to be read to her, and did not attend church; however she paid for a
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Between 1834 and 1840 she visited Herne Bay regularly with friends, staying at 30 Marine
Terrace on Central Parade, and became an established town benefactor of Herne Bay. She funded and laid the foundation stone in 1836 for two schoolrooms to be built as an extension of Christ Church in William
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for one of Sarah's sons, but the offer was rejected. Sarah was called to
Charmandean and told that Ann had been "advised by friends" to end their connection. A few years later, Ann was visited by one of Sarah's daughters who was received politely, but also told never to return. In 1850 Mrs Cook,
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when it was published posthumously. She became financially involved in the 1853–1855 restoration of St. Mary's Church, Broadwater, contributing to chancel repairs, giving £100 (equivalent to £12,782.16 in 2023) towards a new organ and committing to the payment of £40 (equivalent to
314:. She maintained Samuel Smith and his family at Charmandean, funding his daughters' education until they left to marry. Meanwhile, Samuel managed her accounts. Ann made many additions and improvements to Charmandean. In one room she installed panelling which had been removed from
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on Sarah. However, at the 1867 Chancery hearing, Sarah maintained that the settlement was made at the behest of Simm Smith "to keep the family out of her pocket." She left
Finsbury Circus around 1840. Meanwhile, between 1834 and 1840 she was spending part of each summer in
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another of Sarah's daughters, visited Ann and a friendship began. Ann bought this niece a house in
Broadwater, but Mrs Cook too was rejected by Ann due to a financial disagreement, and cut off with a comfortable £450 (equivalent to £60,781.9 in 2023) per annum.
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delay completion. Around 1839 to 1840, Burge informed Mrs
Thwaytes that if the Clock Tower's bricks had been available for the building of the church, St John's would have been completed "long before." In response, Mrs Thwaytes left Herne Bay, never to return.
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finds her at age 63 staying at her town house with her Charmandean lodger Samuel Smith, a butler, footman, three housemaids, a cook and a kitchen maid. She divided her time between her town and country houses until 1866 when she died in her Paddington home.
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The poorer inhabitants, the labourers and mechanics especially, will gratefully acknowledge that to your unexampled liberality they are indebted for many of their past comforts, for their present employment and for the education of their children.
187:: Sarah in 1788 and Ann on 2 October 1789. When their mother died, they were obliged, at ages fifteen and fourteen respectively, to take employment. In due course Sarah became housekeeper to William Thwaytes, who was by then the sole owner of
214:) and a subsequent nervous state in which she remained for ten weeks facing the wall whilst believing she was blind. She recovered from the fever, but nevertheless declared that she was "immortal and part of the
512:, and her friend Simm Smith was head of the trustees for the church. In August 1836 she donated £4,000 or £5,000 (equivalent to £594,530 in 2023), the full cost of the planning and building of a . . .
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On the opening day of the Clock Tower, 2 October 1837, there was a festival, followed by annual commemoration festivals which may also have been funded by Mrs Thwaytes. There is a
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Besides straightforward compassion for the poor, there are two other possible motivations for Mrs Thwaytes's philanthropy. Firstly there was the 19th-century progress of
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of known humble origins and at the same time a wealthy widow looking for a place in society, philanthropy would be in her best interests. However 19th-century British
202:, Westminster. In 1817 at the age of 28 years Ann married William Thwaytes (1749–1834) who was aged 67. During her marriage, Ann accused her husband of attempting to
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334:. The eastern iron gates remained in Charmandean Lane for some years but are now gone, leaving only the carved gateposts. The house was demolished in 1963.
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Mrs Thwaytes's mother (d.1803) called herself Mrs Hook, but had no husband. Ann Hook and her sister Sarah were born in London of humble origins either in
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was based in the popular imagination upon elegant culture, not money or good deeds, and Herne Bay Clock Tower's opening ceremony drew mockery from the
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during repairs, and in her chapel-room she fitted a stained-glass window from the same church. She added an iron-framed conservatory, and two pairs of
397:, thus making it invalid. He said, however, that if she had been found to have been in sound mind, there remained the question of possible
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was formed; she supported this and continued to distribute coal regularly. She contributed generously to a subscription appeal for a new
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Alexander, John K. Samuel Adams: America's Revolutionary Politician. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002.
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in 1829 and treated poor patients for free. Dixon was an amateur geologist who died young, and Ann funded his book,
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In the address which was read to her when she laid the foundation stone, some of her good deeds were enumerated:
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Introduced and annotated by Henfrey Smail. With illustrations, including portraits and the Worthing Pageant.
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online archive as a source, however a proportion of the text reflects Mike Bundock (2000): see Bibliography.
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One of Ann's first good works at Charmandean was to give coal to the poor. A Broadwater coal distribution
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London Gazette 23 November 1877: Executor's notice re the death of John Simm Smith, died 7 October 1877
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windows which was dedicated to the late Reverends Peter Wood and William Davison.
1099:, "Herne Bay's clock tower needs new friends" by Liz Crudgington, 10 October 2013
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at Broadwater and Worthing Cemetery for the interment of Simm Smith and herself.
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The old Sussex Pad Inn is now demolished and replaced with the Sussex Pad Hotel
866:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
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She became the benefactress to many causes and funded the construction of the
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Working class Londoners, 1877. Ann Thwaytes could not hide her humble origins
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968:, Issue 4, Spring 2011, pp. 9–12, excerpt from "Notable Houses of Worthing"
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Notable Houses of Worthing: Offington, Broadwater Manor & Charmendean
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by the Smith brothers, putting the validity of the Will doubly in doubt.
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BC Protestand Orphans Home: Women and Philanthropy in the 19th Century
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Mr George Rohrs, secretary to the Clock Tower trustees, 3 October 1836
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at Broadwater. This project was started by her friend and consulting
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741:. This company's tea was one of the brands thrown overboard at the
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On 19 May 1816 Sarah Hook married Alfred Tebbitt, Thwaytes's chief
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1211:. Herne Bay Past. Vol. 6. Herne Bay: Pierhead Publications.
281:. The drawing room was furnished lavishly in preparation for the
206:. In 1832, during her husband's last illness, Ann developed a
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Death cert: Dec 1877, Smith, John Simm, 84, Croydon, 2a/107
155:(2 October 1789 – April 1866), known to contemporaries as
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These delusions appear to have started in 1832 with the "
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In 1840 she bought her town house, 17 Hyde Park Gardens,
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and had known him well, and was to be the grandfather of
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and her clock, celebration and philanthropy laughed at.
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Dr Frederick Dixon who had founded the local Worthing
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which began with "low fever" (a 19th-century term for
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Herne Bay Cultural Trail: Clock Tower, Central Parade
764:, Pierhead Publications Ltd, 1 February 2011), p.18,
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1015:, Saturday 14 April 1866: Obituary of Mrs Thwaytes
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693:, Issue 10, Spring 2011. Note: Pearson credits
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322:entrance-gates made as replicas of the former
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481:of 6 October 1836, in which she was called a
45:Lithograph believed to be of Ann Thwaytes by
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1190:Herne Bay Clock Tower: A descriptive history
385:in doubt. On 6 August 1867 the judge cited
342:During the 1840s, Ann offered to pay for a
835:Gerard Manley Hopkins: A Very Private Life
389:as her illness, and found that she was of
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862:inflation figures are based on data from
1235:Snewin, Edward; Smail, Henfrey (1945).
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191:and a wealthy grocer and tea merchant.
1163:Historic clock tower donor is honoured
783:"Rudy's list of archaic medical terms"
629:Gerard Manley Hopkins: Poems and Prose
1142:Open Plaques: Ann Thwaytes (1789–1866
375:Smith and Others v Tebbitt and Others
294:Her country house, Broadwater, Sussex
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1192:. Herne Bay: Pierhead Publications.
1289:People from Broadwater, West Sussex
949:CharmandeanHistory.co.uk: timeline
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978:CharmandeanHistory.co.uk: History
222:Simm Smith had studied alongside
555:, at Central Parade, Herne Bay.
551:, recording that she funded the
103:Broadwater and Worthing Cemetery
1207:Bundock, Mike (February 2011).
519:Kentish Gazette, 23 August 1836
248:Clapham, Finsbury and Herne Bay
326:gates. The western gates were
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1230:. Vol. 2. Aldridge Bros.
1157:Irwin, Dan (3 January 2008).
316:St. Mary's Church, Broadwater
18:Ann Thwaytes (philanthropist)
1083:A short history of Herne Bay
450:Motivations for philanthropy
260:Ann bought Cottage House at
146:William Thwaytes (1749–1834)
1253:Charmandean History website
1061:23 August 1836: "Herne Bay"
413:Sussex Pad Inn, before 1905
367:From 26 April to May 1867,
163:William Thwaytes, owner of
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1269:Women of the Victorian era
1144:Retrieved 24 November 2013
1132:11 October 1836: Herne Bay
1120:Retrieved 23 November 2013
1101:Retrieved 23 November 2013
1085:Retrieved 25 November 2013
951:Retrieved 24 November 2013
937:United Kingdom Census 1851
927:Retrieved 23 November 2013
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273:Her town house, Paddington
359:Charmandean, 19th century
200:St Martin's in the Fields
189:Davison, Newman & Co.
183:or near Balls Pond Road,
165:Davison, Newman & Co.
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1237:Glimpses of Old Worthing
1116:20 December 2013 at the
837:, Faber & Faber 2011
351:Death and contested will
1274:English philanthropists
1226:Smail, Henfrey (1950).
923:21 October 2013 at the
864:Clark, Gregory (2017).
833:Robert Bernard Martin,
623:was the great-uncle of
312:Broadwater, West Sussex
256:Hyde Park Gardens, 2007
204:poison her with mercury
1188:Bundock, Mike (2000).
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685:Pearson, Rosemary. "
88:April 1866 (aged 76)
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503:Clock Tower in 1895
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332:World War II
320:wrought iron
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114:at cemetery;
33:Ann Thwaytes
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1284:1866 deaths
1279:1789 births
1255:with photos
939:HO 107/1467
793:28 November
553:Clock Tower
549:blue plaque
308:Charmandean
287:1851 Census
117:Blue plaque
51:A.E. Chalon
1263:Categories
1168:3 December
966:Broadsheet
691:Broadsheet
607:References
592:Dispensary
468:good works
279:Paddington
224:John Keats
124:Occupation
72:1789-10-02
47:R. J. Lane
695:The Times
584:infirmary
429:and that
419:low fever
387:monomania
370:The Times
344:cadetship
267:Herne Bay
241:executrix
234:Widowhood
181:Islington
108:Monuments
1114:Archived
921:Archived
572:St Marys
135:Funding
92:Worthing
66:Ann Hook
588:surgeon
580:society
483:Cockney
216:Trinity
185:Hackney
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619:Note:
161:grocer
143:Spouse
49:after
877:7 May
439:vault
198:, at
196:clerk
1213:ISBN
1194:ISBN
1170:2009
879:2024
795:2013
766:ISBN
735:ISBN
395:Will
383:heir
85:Died
62:Born
858:UK
330:in
310:at
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