626:, Akakios, and received oaths of allegiance from various officials and nobles. His coronation as emperor was supposed to take place the following day, but that morning he was met with widespread dissent and opposition. Throughout the night, the Laz, and various nobles sympathetic to Anna's cause, had worked to incite rebellion among the people of the city. After a hard-fought battle, the Laz troops defeated Michael's Byzantine troops and captured the three Byzantine warships that had escorted him. Shortly after this victory, Anna dealt with both Michael and Irene. Irene was sent back to her family in Constantinople, whereafter she disappears from history, and Michael was sent as a prisoner to the town of
270:. On 30 July 1341, Michael arrived in Trebizond intending to marry Irene, but after finding her deposed he intended to claim the throne for himself. Though he received a warm reception at first, his entourage was defeated and he was captured and imprisoned the next morning. Having defeated her most obvious rival, Anna continued to rule for just over a year. Though militarily successful, defeating a raiding force of the Aq Qoyunlu in 1342, Anna's internal and economic policy drew some opposition from her own supporters. Anna was deposed by some elements of the Trapezuntine nobility in late August or early September 1342 and was strangled to death on 3 September. On the next day, Michael's son
447:, with whom he already had two illegitimate sons. On what grounds Basil could claim his marriage to Irene Palaiologina was invalid or if he ever succeeded in actually divorcing his first wife is not clear. He died in obscure circumstances not long thereafter, on 6 April 1340. It was widely suspected that Irene Palaiologina had played some role in Basil's death, especially given that she profited of it by seizing the Trapezuntine throne for herself immediately thereafter. To stabilize her hold on the government, Irene sent her most clear rivals, Basil's second wife and their two sons, to her father in
557:. The raiders had reached as far as the walls of Trebizond itself, while Irene's mercenaries from Constantinople fled without fighting. The raiders burned the countryside and left a number of unburied bodies so great that there was widespread fear that there would be an outbreak of disease. In the face of this, Irene abdicated the throne a few days prior to Anna's arrival. Immediately upon her arrival to Trebizond on 17 July 1341, Anna was admitted into the city and recognized as the new empress.
384:
375:
566:
533:, or whether the troops were just mercenaries and locals. It is unknown why these diverse groups preferred Anna over other possible candidates. She was of the Grand Komnenos dynasty, but she was also not only a woman, but also a former nun who had left her convent under questionable circumstances. Her brothers were dead but there were living male members of her family, most prominently Alexios II's brother
622:. Though it looked likely that Michael himself would claim the throne, his arrival alongside Byzantine troops and his intention to marry Irene frustrated the Laz who had supported Anna and had driven Irene from the throne. Doubtful of whether they had the support of the people, the Laz worked to ensure Anna's continued rule through treachery. Soon after arriving, Michael was received by the local
517:, east of Trebizond, where she was proclaimed empress in opposition to Irene. The deaths of her brothers had made Anna and her younger sister Eudokia, married to a Turkish noble, the sole remaining children of Alexios II, and as the eldest sister, Anna was the nearest legitimate heir of Basil. Anna was preferred as empress by the ethnic minorities of the empire, such as the Laz and
242:. In June/July 1341, Anna escaped from her convent and rapidly began rallying support to fight against Irene. Despite being a woman and up until recently a nun, and there being several possible male heirs of her dynasty, Anna attracted considerable support from the provincials of the empire, from ethnic minorities such as the
693:, fled from Trebizond aboard a Venetian ship. Also accompanied by two warships of their own, the group travelled to Constantinople in order to implore John to claim the throne. John accepted and the group left Constantinople on 17 August. On the way back, they hired an additional three galleys from Genoa.
552:
Anna marched at the head of her army directly on
Trebizond without encountering any opposition. Numerous locals even joined and reinforced Anna's army on their way. Shortly before Anna arrived at the capital, Irene's popularity and support had plummeted due to losses during raids by the neighbouring
505:
Irene realized that as both a woman and a foreigner without any legitimate connections to the
Trapezuntine throne she would not be able to hold on to power for long. As such, she sent messengers to her father in Constantinople, requesting him to send her a noble whom she could marry and maker her
637:
Anna's key supporters expected her administration to be favorable to the empire's provincial and non-Greek population and that she would capably defend the empire from its many external enemies. Though Anna was militarily successful; defeating a second raid by the Aq
Qoyunlu in August 1342, her
265:
without a fight, Irene having abdicated a few days prior, and she was crowned empress. Many of the same elements of the
Trapezuntine nobility that had opposed Irene also opposed Anna and instead preferred a male heir, the senior-most possible candidate being Anna's uncle
707:. After short bursts of fighting in the streets, John's supporters forced their way into the imperial palace on 4 September 1342 and John became emperor as John III Megas Komnenos. After John's accession there was a purge of Anna's supporters, with many Lazes and
314:. This might have been the same monastery in which she was a nun. Though there were close religious ties between Trebizond and Jerusalem in this period, Anna's association with this monastery is only supported by a single document of questionable authenticity.
510:, and he died on 15 June 1341, without having had the time to aid Irene in finding a husband. At the same time, Irene's policy of granting favors to only select courtiers alienated some of her supporters and divided her court into several factions of its own.
451:
as hostages. This move alienated many among the
Trapezuntine nobility, who had hoped that the accession of the young princes would lead to the nobility being able to gain further wealth and power. Soon, two conflicting factions had formed in the nobility: the
506:
co-ruler, and who would command her armies, lead her administration and help her to suppress her enemies. Unfortunately for Irene, her messengers reached
Andronikos at a time when he was busy preparing for a campaign against the
616:, as the most suitable husband for Irene Palaiologina. Arriving with three Byzantine warships and a contingent of Byzantine troops, Michael landed near Trebizond without opposition and was received by the other leaders of the
702:
succeeding in deposing Anna and on 3 September 1342 she was strangled to death. A few days previously, on 27 August, John and his entourage arrived in
Trebizond and disembarked in the eastern parts of the city, near its
750:
Some researchers in the past, such as
Odysseus Lampsidēs, believed Anna and some of her siblings were children of Alexios II by an otherwise unknown Turkish wife or mistress, but this is unsupported by the surviving
580:
Though she was preferred over Irene, Anna being a woman meant that many among the
Trapezuntine nobility viewed the senior-most male heir, Anna's uncle Michael, as more suitable to rule the empire. The
298:(emperor 1332–1340), Michael and George, and one younger sister, Eudokia. Michael and George were murdered in 1330 by Andronikos III upon his accession to the throne. Early in her life, Anna became a
713:
being murdered, as well as many of Anna's supporters in the empire's provinces. In 1344, a monk by the name of
Gerasimos, who lived at the monastery of Euthymius the Great in Jerusalem, wrote a
529:
family. Anna was also supported by a large contingent of Georgian soldiers, though it is unclear whether this was an official Georgian intervention into Trapezuntine politics by King
667:
had not been dealt with, and they quickly resolved to get rid of Anna's government through the use of another candidate: Michael's son John. According to later sources, the
1285:
Dennis, George (2000). "50. Gerasimos: Testament of Gerasimos for the Small Monastery of St. Euthymios in Jerusalem". In Thomas, John; Constantinides Hero, Angela (eds.).
612:. The reason for his appearance was not actually to claim the throne, but rather that he had been selected by the regents of Andronikos III Palaiologos's young son,
1681:
502:, some among the Trapezuntine nobility who opposed Irene hoped to proclaim one of Basil's young illegitimate sons as emperor and rule through him as a puppet.
2504:
1869:
788:), but the legitimate line of succession was broken when Manuel was deposed and killed by Andronikos's brother Basil. With Irene's accession in 1341, the
1974:
1953:
331:, as such naming patterns began to appear in Georgia at the beginning of the 13th century, influenced by the country falling under the suzerainty of the
796:. The idea is not as far-fetched as it sounds; the AIMA pattern (as well as the AMIA pattern) appears multiple times among the Komnenoi of Trebizond.
432:. Manuel II only reigned for eight months, being usurped by his uncle, and Anna's brother, Basil on 23 September 1332. After a childless marriage to
2021:
764:
was a prophecy concerning the Byzantine Komnenos emperors, foretelling that the first letters of their names in order would spell out the sequence
2509:
2016:
1969:
1915:
2138:
2006:
1585:
Catalogue of the Coins of the Vandals, Ostrogoths and Lombards, and of the Empires of Thessalonica, Nicaea and Trebizond in the British Museum
2159:
2126:
1994:
1936:
1376:
341:, in which case it would mean 'blessed Anna'. Anna's youngest brothers had similar seemingly Turkish additional surnames: Michael was called
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2448:
2109:
2104:
2089:
2044:
644:, but also internationally by the Palaiologoi of the Byzantine Empire, disappointed with Irene's deposition, as well as the republics of
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35:
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2011:
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513:
In June/July 1341, Anna escaped her convent, persuaded by elements of the Trapezuntine nobility, and travelled to the lands of the
2534:
2094:
545:
speculated in 1995 that Anna may have attempted to reinforce her legitimacy by noting that her name formed the end of an inverse
1314:
The History of Greece, from its Conquest by the Crusaders to its Conquest by the Turks, and of the Empire of Trebizond 1204–1461
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2099:
2049:
1768:
1634:
433:
231:
74:
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internal and economic policies disappointed some of those who had supported her accession. Anna was not opposed only by the
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1690:
1641:
176:
56:
2229:
1733:
590:, Doranitai, Kamachenoi, Kabazitai and Meizomatai, were just as opposed to Anna as they had been to Irene. However, the
2279:
1753:
652:. Anna's victory over the Aq Qoyunlu did nothing to discourage her opponents, and it even appears that some among the
401:
335:. Alternatively, it is possible that Anachoutlou was a nickname and a combination of Anna's name and the Turkish word
291:
198:
2215:
1833:
1728:
1494:
1470:
440:
437:
1713:
784:
ruled in succession). Inversed, AIMA becomes AMIA. Andronikos III was succeeded by his son Manuel II (fulfilling
2325:
1892:
1788:
679:
over the empress and the empire. After Michael's failure to take the Trapezuntine throne, some of the leading
599:
On 30 July 1341, less than two weeks after Anna's accession, Michael arrived in Trebizond, accompanied by the
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357:, sometimes also applied to Anna, was apparently also sometimes used for her maternal Georgian grandfather,
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271:
161:
84:
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1529:Ιστορία της Αυτοκρατορίας των Μεγάλων Κομνηνών της Τραπεζούντας (1204–1461). 2η Έκδοση με προσθήκες
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History of the Empire of the Grand Komnenoi of Trebizond (1204–1461). 2nd Edition with additions
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428:
Anna's brother Andronikos III died on 8 January 1332 and was succeeded by his underage son,
324:
1287:
Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents: A Complete Translation of the Surviving Founders'
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considered themselves champions of the memory of Basil and their native rights, according
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140:
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peoples, as well as most of the provincial population, given that she belonged to the
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based themselves in the nearby, and nearly impregnable, monastery dedicated to Saint
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332:
328:
1989:
306:. As a nun, Anna may have been the patron of a small monastery dedicated to Saint
468:, formed around the noble families of the same names. Irene was supported by the
17:
587:
526:
1563:
1479:
The Cambridge Medieval History, Volume IV: The Eastern Roman Empire (717–1453)
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1446:
704:
554:
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243:
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who are independently notable are shown. Rulers and co-rulers are denoted in
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1355:
1435:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
311:
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Anna Anachoutlou, born in the late 13th century, was the eldest daughter of
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opposing Irene as a "Constantinopolitan stranger". Irene held the city of
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were opposed to Anna due to the great influence of either the Laz or the
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Political map of south-eastern Europe and Anatolia, including Trebizond,
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during her father's reign. After the death of her father, Anna's brother
120:
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origin. Perhaps the name derived in some way from her Georgian mother,
303:
190:
115:
108:
1473:(1923). "The Empire of Nicaea and the Recovery of Constantinople". In
1454:
1430:
1347:
395:
1293:. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
1515:
596:, previously Irene's key supporters, switched over to Anna's side.
1550:
Shukurov, Rustam (1995). "AIMA: the Blood of the Grand Komnenoi".
1336:
Foundations: The Journal of the Foundation for Mediaeval Genealogy
34:"Anna of Trebizond" redirects here. For the queen of Georgia, see
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586:, as well as several unaffiliated noble families, such as the
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230:) reigned in rapid succession. After Basil's death, his widow
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captured Trebizond with the support of some of the nobility.
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1431:"Georgia in the Reign of Giorgi the Brilliant (1314–1346)"
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figures, including Niketas Scholares, Gregory Meizomatis,
1535:] (in Greek). Thessaloniki: Kyriakidis Brothers S.A.
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1414:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
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from 1341 to 1342. She was the eldest daughter of the
1054:, "Andronikos III Palaiologos" (A.-M. Talbot), p. 95.
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Though Michael and Irene were no longer threats, the
1317:. Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons.
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was fulfilled, with Anna's accession completing the
474:, as well as Italian and Byzantine mercenaries. The
443:, Basil in July 1339 took a second wife, also named
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The meaning and etymology of Anna's second surname,
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soldiers, either mercenaries or forces sent by King
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Empress and Autocratess of all the East and Perateia
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549:-sequence and that she was thus destined to rule.
541:, though both resided far away in Constantinople.
400:coins minted under the reigns of Anna's brothers
1395:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
1332:"A Genealogy of the Grand Komnenoi of Trebizond"
1063:
1000:
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873:
290:from 1297 to 1330. She had four older brothers;
1371:] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Алетейя.
302:and most of her life was one of seclusion in a
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8:
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234:, genealogically unconnected to the ruling
2426:Theodora Megale Komnene ("Despina Khatun")
1856:
1842:
1834:
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1660:
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40:
1481:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
658:stopped supporting her around this time.
1214:
1144:
1094:
634:in the westernmost parts of the empire.
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422:). No coins minted under Anna are known.
323:, is not known, but it appears to be of
2396:Maria Megale Komnene, Byzantine Empress
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2355:Eudokia Megale Komnene, Lady of Sinop
2343:Anna Megale Komnene, Queen of Georgia
2160:Theodora Komnene, Princess of Antioch
1985:Adrianos/John IV, Archbishop of Ohrid
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7:
2449:Eudokia Komnene, Lady of Montpellier
2105:Theodora Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem
2090:Theodora Komnene, Duchess of Austria
1075:
66:17 July 1341 – August/September 1342
171:; died 3 September 1342) ruled the
36:Anna of Trebizond, Queen of Georgia
2505:14th-century emperors of Trebizond
1552:Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies
1520:Encyclopedia of the Hellenic World
1392:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1369:History of the Empire of Trebizond
436:, an illegitimate daughter of the
25:
2155:Maria Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem
1588:. London: Order of the Trustees.
1527:Savvides, Alexios G. K. (2009).
1330:Jackson Williams, Kelsey (2007).
576:, around the time of Anna's reign
525:dynasty, rather than the foreign
1499:Trebizond: The Last Greek Empire
382:
373:
2100:Maria Komnene, Queen of Hungary
1514:Vougiouklaki, Penelope (2003).
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261:On 17 July 1341, Anna captured
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168:Anna Megalē Komnēnē Anachoutloū
29:Empress of Trebizond 1341–1342)
2510:Empresses regnant of Trebizond
696:In late August/September, the
157:Ἄννα Μεγάλη Κομνηνὴ Ἀναχουτλοῦ
1:
2280:Andronikos III Megas Komnenos
1365:История Трапезундской империи
570:
2216:Andronikos II Megas Komnenos
1642:Empress regnant of Trebizond
219:1332) and her other brother
57:Trapezuntine empress regnant
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1564:10.1179/030701395790836630
1363:Karpov, Sergei P. (2007).
441:Andronikos III Palaiologos
33:
2530:Women in war in West Asia
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2432:Alexios V Megas Komnenos
2402:Alexander Megas Komnenos
2319:Manuel II Megas Komnenos
2173:Alexios I Megas Komnenos
1893:Manuel Erotikos Komnenos
1528:
1291:and Testaments, Volume 1
430:Manuel II Megas Komnenos
2535:Princesses of Trebizond
2301:John III Megas Komnenos
2223:Theodora Megale Komnene
2198:Manuel I Megas Komnenos
1501:. New York: MacMillan.
1410:Kennedy, Scott (2019).
85:John III Megas Komnenos
2515:Grand Komnenos dynasty
2390:John IV Megas Komnenos
2262:Michael Megas Komnenos
2237:John II Megas Komnenos
2062:John Tzelepes Komnenos
1412:Two Works on Trebizond
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347:and George was called
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2477:male-line descendants
2409:David Megas Komnenos
2230:George Megas Komnenos
2068:Andronikos I Komnenos
1691:Emperors of Trebizond
1064:Jackson Williams 2007
1001:Jackson Williams 2007
977:Jackson Williams 2007
874:Jackson Williams 2007
691:Constantine Doranites
568:
496:Eugenios of Trebizond
294:(emperor 1330–1332),
2442:Uncertain generation
2287:Basil Megas Komnenos
2085:John Doukas Komnenos
1980:Constantine Komnenos
1429:Lang, D. M. (1955).
177:Trapezuntine emperor
2116:Alexios II Komnenos
2045:Andronikos Komnenos
2007:Andronikos Komnenos
1954:Nikephoros Komnenos
1888:Nikephoros Komnenos
1874:Empire of Trebizond
1244:, pp. 425–426.
1042:, pp. 174–175.
1015:, pp. 419–420.
1003:, pp. 177–178.
739:Anna Megale Komnene
531:George V of Georgia
508:Despotate of Epirus
500:Nicephorus Gregoras
308:Euthymius the Great
288:Empire of Trebizond
256:George V of Georgia
189:) and had joined a
173:Empire of Trebizond
1943:Alexios I Komnenos
1516:"Anna Anachoutlou"
1387:Kazhdan, Alexander
687:Michael Meizomatis
614:John V Palaiologos
610:Gregory Meizomatis
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537:and Michael's son
434:Irene Palaiologina
250:peoples, and from
232:Irene Palaiologina
75:Irene Palaiologina
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1949:Adrianos Komnenos
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1649:Succeeded by
1606:Anna Anachoutlou
1378:978-5-903354-07-8
843:Vougiouklaki 2003
774:John (Ioannes) II
606:Niketas Scholares
438:Byzantine emperor
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146:
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98:Late 13th century
18:Anna of Trebizond
16:(Redirected from
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2139:Alexios Komnenos
2122:Alexios Komnenos
2095:Alexios Komnenos
2039:Alexios Komnenos
2022:Theodora Komnene
2001:John II Komnenos
1975:Alexios Komnenos
1910:Isaac I Komnenos
1870:Byzantine Empire
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742:
735:Anna Azachoutlou
731:
712:
701:
684:
678:
672:
666:
657:
643:
621:
604:
595:
585:
575:
572:
493:
488:itself, but the
479:
473:
467:
459:
421:
420: 1332–1340
419:
410:
409: 1330–1332
408:
399:
386:
377:
352:
346:
340:
322:
286:, who ruled the
229:
228: 1332–1340
227:
218:
216:
207:
206: 1330–1332
205:
188:
187: 1297–1330
186:
170:
160:
158:
149:Anna Anachoutlou
106:3 September 1342
44:Anna Anachoutlou
41:
21:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2469:
2453:
2437:
2419:16th generation
2414:
2382:15th generation
2377:
2364:14th generation
2359:
2336:13th generation
2331:
2311:12th generation
2306:
2272:11th generation
2267:
2247:10th generation
2242:
2203:
2191:John I Axouchos
2178:
2143:
2127:Manuel Komnenos
2073:
2026:
2017:Eudokia Komnene
1958:
1932:Manuel Komnenos
1920:
1897:
1876:
1862:
1832:
1827:
1806:
1693:
1688:
1654:
1645:
1637:
1616:
1615:
1607:
1600:
1578:
1549:
1543:
1530:
1526:
1513:
1495:Miller, William
1493:
1471:Miller, William
1469:
1428:
1422:
1409:
1403:
1385:
1379:
1362:
1329:
1307:
1301:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1248:
1240:
1233:
1225:
1221:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1166:
1158:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1124:
1116:
1101:
1093:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1019:
1011:
1007:
999:
995:
987:
983:
975:
971:
963:
959:
951:
947:
939:
932:
928:, p. 1404.
924:
920:
912:
905:
897:
880:
872:
849:
841:
810:
806:
801:
800:
759:
755:
749:
745:
732:
728:
723:
573:
563:
543:Rustam Shukurov
498:. According to
426:
425:
424:
423:
416:
405:
389:
388:
387:
379:
378:
367:
280:
240:empress regnant
224:
213:
202:
183:
141:Djiadjak Jaqeli
107:
39:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2548:
2546:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2393:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2345:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2211:
2209:
2208:9th generation
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2194:
2186:
2184:
2183:8th generation
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2166:David Komnenos
2162:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2148:7th generation
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2078:6th generation
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2059:
2052:
2050:Isaac Komnenos
2047:
2042:
2034:
2032:
2031:5th generation
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2012:Isaac Komnenos
2009:
2004:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1966:
1964:
1963:4th generation
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1939:
1937:Isaac Komnenos
1934:
1928:
1926:
1925:3rd generation
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1905:
1903:
1902:2nd generation
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1881:1st generation
1878:
1877:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1838:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1754:Andronikos III
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1664:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1627:Regnal titles
1624:
1623:
1608:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1580:Wroth, Warwick
1576:
1547:
1542:978-9604671212
1541:
1524:
1511:
1491:
1467:
1426:
1421:978-0674986626
1420:
1407:
1401:
1389:, ed. (1991).
1383:
1377:
1360:
1342:(3): 171–189.
1327:
1309:Finlay, George
1305:
1299:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1271:, p. 461.
1261:
1259:, p. 175.
1246:
1231:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1181:, p. 425.
1164:
1162:, p. 426.
1149:
1137:
1122:
1120:, p. 424.
1099:
1097:, p. 172.
1080:
1068:
1066:, p. 176.
1056:
1044:
1032:
1030:, p. 421.
1017:
1005:
993:
991:, p. 419.
981:
979:, p. 177.
969:
967:, p. 288.
957:
955:, p. 233.
945:
943:, p. 407.
930:
918:
916:, p. 208.
903:
901:, p. 423.
878:
876:, p. 176.
847:
807:
805:
802:
799:
798:
753:
743:
733:Also known as
725:
724:
722:
719:
562:
559:
523:Grand Komnenos
449:Constantinople
402:Andronikos III
391:
390:
381:
380:
372:
371:
370:
369:
368:
366:
363:
310:, possibly in
292:Andronikos III
279:
276:
236:Grand Komnenos
208:), her nephew
199:Andronikos III
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
118:
112:
111:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
53:
52:
46:
45:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2547:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2465:AIMA prophecy
2463:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2133:John Komnenos
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2110:Maria Komnene
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1996:
1995:Maria Komnene
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1970:John Komnenos
1968:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1916:John Komnenos
1914:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1729:Andronikos II
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1636:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1603:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1534:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1402:0-19-504652-8
1398:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1300:0-88402-289-7
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1270:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1229:, p. 51.
1228:
1223:
1220:
1217:, p. 99.
1216:
1215:Savvides 2009
1211:
1208:
1205:, p. 49.
1204:
1199:
1196:
1193:, p. 50.
1192:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1147:, p. 97.
1146:
1145:Savvides 2009
1141:
1138:
1135:, p. 49.
1134:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:Shukurov 1995
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1078:, p. 87.
1077:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1006:
1002:
997:
994:
990:
985:
982:
978:
973:
970:
966:
961:
958:
954:
949:
946:
942:
937:
935:
931:
927:
922:
919:
915:
910:
908:
904:
900:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
879:
875:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
848:
844:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
809:
803:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
762:AIMA prophecy
757:
754:
747:
744:
740:
736:
730:
727:
720:
718:
716:
711:
710:Amytzantarioi
706:
700:
694:
692:
688:
683:
677:
676:Amytzantarioi
671:
665:
659:
656:
655:Amytzantarioi
651:
647:
642:
635:
633:
629:
625:
620:
615:
611:
607:
603:
597:
594:
593:Amytzantarioi
589:
584:
567:
560:
558:
556:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
511:
509:
503:
501:
497:
492:
487:
483:
482:George Finlay
478:
472:
471:Amytzantarioi
466:
465:
464:Amytzantarioi
458:
457:
450:
446:
442:
439:
435:
431:
414:
403:
398:
397:
385:
376:
365:Rise to power
364:
362:
360:
359:Beka I Jaqeli
356:
351:
345:
339:
334:
333:Mongol Empire
330:
329:Jiajak Jaqeli
326:
321:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
277:
275:
273:
269:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
222:
211:
200:
196:
192:
181:
178:
174:
169:
163:
154:
150:
142:
139:
135:
132:
129:
125:
122:
119:
117:
113:
110:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
54:
51:
47:
42:
37:
32:
27:
19:
2480:
2430:
2407:
2400:
2388:
2370:
2347:
2324:
2317:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2260:
2253:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2196:
2189:
2171:
2164:
2131:
2114:
2066:
2054:
2037:
1999:
1990:Anna Komnene
1941:
1908:
1808:
1773:
1714:Andronikos I
1705:
1640:
1618:
1609:
1584:
1555:
1551:
1532:
1519:
1498:
1478:
1441:(1): 74–91.
1438:
1434:
1411:
1390:
1368:
1364:
1339:
1335:
1313:
1290:
1286:
1278:Bibliography
1264:
1222:
1210:
1198:
1186:
1140:
1071:
1059:
1047:
1035:
1008:
996:
984:
972:
960:
953:Kennedy 2019
948:
921:
793:
789:
785:
765:
756:
746:
738:
734:
729:
695:
660:
636:
624:Metropolitan
598:
579:
551:
512:
504:
427:
354:
316:
281:
260:
148:
147:
49:
31:
26:
2500:1342 deaths
1789:Alexios III
1558:: 161–181.
1475:Bury, J. B.
1269:Karpov 2007
1257:Karpov 2007
1242:Finlay 1851
1227:Miller 1926
1203:Miller 1923
1191:Miller 1926
1179:Finlay 1851
1160:Finlay 1851
1133:Miller 1926
1118:Finlay 1851
1040:Karpov 2007
1028:Finlay 1851
1013:Finlay 1851
989:Finlay 1851
941:Karpov 2007
926:Dennis 2000
914:Karpov 2007
899:Finlay 1851
715:remembrance
588:Tzanichitai
574: 1340
527:Palaiologos
355:Azachoutlou
353:. The name
344:Azachoutlou
320:Anachoutlou
71:Predecessor
2494:Categories
1799:Alexios IV
1794:Manuel III
1749:Alexios II
1646:1341–1342
1348:10023/8570
965:Wroth 1911
804:References
782:Alexios II
705:hippodrome
699:Scholarioi
682:Scholarioi
670:Scholarioi
664:Scholarioi
641:Scholarioi
619:Scholarioi
602:Scholarioi
583:Scholarioi
555:Aq Qoyunlu
515:Laz people
491:Scholarioi
477:Scholarioi
456:Scholarioi
278:Early life
1818:Alexios V
1810:Alexander
1759:Manuel II
1702:Alexios I
1572:162901823
1487:716982674
1463:154168058
1356:1479-5078
1076:Lang 1955
770:Alexios I
768:(it did:
751:evidence.
717:of Anna.
486:Trebizond
350:Achpougas
312:Jerusalem
263:Trebizond
210:Manuel II
162:romanized
109:Trebizond
81:Successor
1872:and the
1866:Komnenoi
1779:John III
1744:Theodora
1724:Manuel I
1652:John III
1611:Komnenos
1582:(1911).
1497:(1926).
1311:(1851).
778:Manuel I
460:and the
415:(right,
272:John III
252:Georgian
121:Komnenos
1868:of the
1804:John IV
1784:Michael
1739:John II
1613:dynasty
1594:4613267
1507:1546756
1477:(ed.).
628:Oinaion
535:Michael
404:(left,
392:Silver
325:Turkish
304:convent
268:Michael
217:
191:convent
164::
116:Dynasty
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