176:, where they caused great devastation in the country, and plundered Carolingian monasteries and episcopal cities. After 841, only in the years 874 and 875 are there no references to Viking activity. There is much to read in the annals, and the narrative sheds also some light on the many incidents that form the scenario in which Scandinavians came to more formal, i.e. diplomatic and ecclesiastic, relations with their southern neighbours – for example the
758:Щавелев 2014 – Щавелев А.С. Племя северян и хазарские крепости: еще раз о геополитике юга Восточной Европы первой половины IX века // Книга картины Земли. Сборник статей в честь Ирины Геннадиевны Коноваловой. Под редакцией Т. Н. Джаксон и А. В. Подосинова. М.: Издательство «Индрик», 2014. С.323-329.
195:
The concentration on ecclesiastic centres, which presumably housed vast amounts of movable wealth, has led some historians to believe that contemporary source writers, i.e. clergymen – including
Prudentius and Hincmar, which are believed to have had at least editorial influence on the annals –
309:, who lived in northern Russia, had their ancestral homeland in Sweden. Garipzanov holds to the latter and finds that the form 'chacanus' is a unique occurrence in Frankish sources; variants hereof, in the Carolingian sources, that do signify the foreign form of sovereignty are
228:" – and had journeyed to Constantinople; but now they were fearful to return home, because the roads they had travelled were not safe. They had therefore set out with the Byzantine embassy hoping to obtain the Franks' assent for travelling via Germany. At
116:(until 882), on whose lost manuscript their tradition is almost entirely dependent. Moreover, there are strong hints that the original text of the annals underwent at least minor changes under the latter's supervision.
266:". He decided to keep them by him until it could be ascertained for sure whether they had come in earnest purpose or not, and they are not mentioned again in the annals. This incident is mentioned under the year 839.
411:
Misit etiam cum eis quosdam, qui se, id est gentem suam, Rhos vocari dicebant, quos rex illorum chacanus vocabulo ad se amicitiae, sicut asserebant, causa direxerat, petends per memoratam epistolam...
749:Шинаков 2014 - Шинаков Е.А. Три первых упоминания русов (росов) конца 30 - начала 40-х гг. IX в. в международном аспекте // Вестник Брянского государственного университета. № 2, 2014. С.158-165.
325:. Scholars have also sought to establish a connection between the Rus'-Byzantine embassy to Louis the Pious and contemporary events in the Eastern Empire, as recorded in the
740:Александров 1997 - Александров А.А. О руссах на Западе и на Востоке: от Ингельхайма до Могилевского клада // Гістарычна археалагічны зборник, (12), Мінск, 1997. С.17-23.
108:. There is no doubt that they were later continued as an independent narrative, eventually becoming somewhat emancipated from the Palace since the early 840s, first by
851:
821:
586:
478:
421:
had directed to him for the cause of friendship, as they asserted, requesting by the above-mentioned letter..."). In a Latin footnote to the word
281:, p. 44). The phrase belongs to the written presentation to the emperor, and in context names the king of the Rus'; king Chacanus or Chaganos.
846:
836:
831:
607:
140:" – and as well the raids from neighbouring regions. Amongst these last are the practically annual reports of raids carried out by various
208:
in 885-6. Most scholars now believe the
Vikings posed little more than a persistent, niggling military threat to the Carolingian regime.
841:
826:
488:
Quellen zur
Karolingischen Reichsgeschichte Zweiter Teil : Jahrbücher von St.Bertin, Jahrbücher von St.Vaast, Xantener Jahrbücher
333:
561:
516:
495:
224:
was presented through a letter handed over to the emperor by the emissaries. The letter stated that they called themselves Rhos – "
429:("Not a proper name, but a customary title of people of northern Asia, here seems to have been wrongly translated to the Sueones."
289:
is the correct, i.e. original term. The traditional interpretation is that 'rex illorum
Chacanus' is meant to be understood as
66:
490:, Ausgewählte Quellen zur deutschen Geschichte des Mittelalters, vol. 6, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft,
205:
427:
Non nomen proprium, sed titulus populis Asiae septentrionalis usitatus, hic perperam ad
Sueones translatus esse videtur.
196:
exaggerated their accounts of the raids because they were usually the invaders' primary targets and frequently had to
449:, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum (Monumenta Germaniae Historica), vol. 5, Hannover: Impensis bibliopolii Hahniani
64:(741–829), from which, however, it has circulated independently in only one manuscript. They are available in the
136:
The text is characterized by the struggles between the
Carolingians, their relations to the Holy Roman Church – "
60:, France, after which they are named. Their account is taken to cover the period 830-82, thus continuing the
259:
354:
The annals is one of five major independent narrative accounts of the late 9th century. The others are:
124:
The annals' account is mostly first-hand and includes documents such as papal letters and excerpts from
61:
53:
339:
The narrative came to an end in 882 when an elderly, frail
Hincmar was forced to flee his cathedral at
258:), and they could assure him in the rationale for their northern destination, as they belonged to the
216:
The annals are notable, among other things, for containing one of the earliest written references to
109:
369:
328:
240:
185:
611:
580:
557:
512:
491:
472:
390:
92:
444:
378:
217:
113:
87:
622:
360:
243:
201:
105:
413:("He also sent with them some, who said that they – that is, their people – were called
306:
251:
247:
221:
17:
815:
197:
104:
It has been suggested that the annals were first written by scribes in the court of
547:
189:
74:) and in a later French edition taking into account a newly discovered manuscript (
36:
551:
506:
294:
42:
456:
Annales de Saint-Bertin (avec une introduction et des notes par Léon
Levillain)
348:
86:, and are particularly well-informed on events in the West Frankish sphere of
57:
615:
229:
161:
293:, not actually a person's name, but instead an entirely foreign kind of
534:
Coupland, Simon; Nelson, Janet (1988), "The
Vikings on the Continent",
220:. According to the annals, a group of followers to the emissaries from
177:
157:
141:
83:
458:, Société de Histoire de France, vol. 470, Paris: C. Klincksieck
344:
290:
237:
181:
145:
96:
are usually read as an East
Frankish counterpart to their narrative.
49:
46:
501:(unveränderter reprographische Nachdruck der Ausgabe Darmstadt 1969)
595:
340:
233:
173:
169:
165:
125:
486:
Rau, Reinhold; Rehdantz, Carl; von Jasmund, Julius, eds. (1980),
454:
Grat, Félix; Jeanne Vielliard; Suzanne Clemancet, eds. (1964),
530:(first published 1968, second edition 1984, reissued 2001)
596:"The Annals of St. Bertin (839) and Chacanus of the Rhos"
301:
is a Latin transcription of the Scandinavian proper name
144:-bands from Scandinavia – who are now popularly known as
297:. However, there is an alternative interpretation, that
285:
has recently made observations on the likelihood that
347:invaders. The scholar-bishop died shortly after at
82:are one of the principal sources of ninth-century
511:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 504.
160:-bands regularly laid waste to the lands of the
226:qi se, id est gentem suam, Rhos vocari dicebant
693:
610:(Instytut istoriï Ukraïny NAN Ukraïny): 7–11,
425:, which he does not capitalise, Waitz stated:
334:one of the earliest Greek sources on the Rus'
269:A still ongoing polemic involves the phrase "
200:when kings agreed to pay the Vikings off, as
8:
556:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
791:
767:
704:
585:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
477:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
282:
639:
403:
351:, and the narrative was not continued.
852:Historians from the Carolingian Empire
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681:
658:
646:
578:
470:
822:Carolingian historical texts in Latin
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71:
7:
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608:NASU Institute of History of Ukraine
305:since in mainstream scholarship the
75:
278:
246:, as he suspected they might be on
25:
156:During the ninth century, these
1:
847:9th-century writers in Latin
694:Coupland & Nelson (1988)
164:, sailed up rivers like the
67:Monumenta Germaniæ Historica
837:9th century in East Francia
832:9th century in West Francia
868:
842:9th-century books in Latin
594:Garipzanov, Ildar (2006),
443:Waitz, Georg, ed. (1883),
100:Authorship and manuscripts
827:9th-century history books
508:A History of the Vikings
627:Encyclopædia Britannica
553:The Annals of St-Bertin
264:eos gentis esse Sueonum
236:, they were queried by
52:that were found in the
571:Nelson, Janet (1992),
465:The Age of the Vikings
463:Sawyer, Peter (1971),
329:St. George of Amastris
255:
232:royal residence, near
152:The Scandinavian raids
138:sancta romana ecclesia
112:(†861) and thereafter
18:Annals of Saint-Bertin
62:Royal Frankish Annals
54:Abbey of Saint Bertin
505:Jones, Gwyn (2001).
275:rex illorum Chaganos
271:rex illorum Chacanus
110:Prudentius of Troyes
80:Annals of St. Bertin
370:Annals of St. Vaast
782:, p. 249–250.
446:Annales Bertiniani
417:, whom their king
29:Annales Bertiniani
343:from approaching
283:Garipzanov (2006)
93:Annales Fuldenses
16:(Redirected from
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729:& Waitz 1883
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717:& Waitz 1883
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379:Annals of Xanten
186:King Charles III
114:Hincmar of Reims
88:Charles the Bald
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244:Louis the Pious
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248:reconnaissance
222:Constantinople
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206:Siege of Paris
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126:conciliar acts
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2:
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536:History Today
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522:. Retrieved
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256:exploratores
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190:West Francia
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37:Saint Bertin
34:
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671:ENCB (2015)
649:, pp. 7-19)
542:(12): 12–19
524:19 February
307:Rus' people
295:sovereignty
204:did at the
43:Carolingian
41:) are late
816:Categories
780:Jones 2001
437:Literature
72:Waitz 1883
58:Saint-Omer
35:Annals of
684:, p. 120)
661:, 841-82)
600:Ruthenica
393:(870-906)
387:Chronicle
382:(832-874)
373:(874-900)
364:(838-901)
321:and also
230:Ingelheim
76:Grat 1964
794:, p. 10)
770:, p. 10)
623:"Norman"
616:54413298
581:citation
575:, London
550:(1991).
473:citation
467:, London
423:chacanus
419:chacanus
327:Life of
323:chaganum
299:Chacanus
287:chacanus
279:Rau 1980
238:Frankish
212:The Rus'
192:in 911.
162:Frisians
47:Frankish
707:, p. 7)
629:. 2015.
349:Épernay
311:caganus
260:Sueones
241:Emperor
178:Normans
158:warrior
146:Vikings
142:warrior
132:Content
120:Sources
84:Francia
78:). The
806:, 882)
614:
560:
515:
494:
345:Viking
315:chagan
291:khagan
273:" or "
182:fealty
172:, and
90:. The
50:annals
635:Notes
398:Notes
341:Reims
319:kagan
303:Håkan
252:Latin
234:Mainz
174:Rhine
170:Loire
166:Seine
612:OCLC
587:link
558:ISBN
526:2023
513:ISBN
492:ISBN
479:link
415:Rhos
385:The
377:The
368:The
359:The
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389:of
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