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Literature, and she lobbied for and received permission to loan books to children. The children were required to sign a ledger promising to treat books respectfully, and to return them; "When I write my name in this book I promise to take good care of the books I use in the
Library and at home, and to obey the rules of the Library." She also initiated a policy of inclusion, celebrating the ethnic diversity of her patrons through story times, poetry readings and books that celebrated the various backgrounds of recent immigrants to the city. She believed her job was to provide, "to the children of foreign parentage a feeling of pride in the beautiful things of the country his parents have left." By 1913, children's books accounted for a third of all the volumes borrowed from the New York Public Library's branches.
181:(also a new concept at the time), toured various ethnic neighborhoods in the area, and even questioned children whom she encountered on the street. Moore then set out to create a welcoming space for children with child-sized furniture, open stacks, cozy reading nooks, story times, puppet shows, summer programming, quality juvenile literature and perhaps most importantly, librarians committed to working with children. When Moore opened the children's room it drew a line of children circling the block awaiting entry. In 1900, she attended a meeting of the
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444:, both pioneers in the development of specialized children's library services. Throughout her career, Moore surrounded herself with talented librarians, storytellers and writers. She mentored in turn many significant authors of children's literature, including Margaret McElderry, children's editor and publisher;
486:, the first Puerto Rican Librarian in New York City, in 1929. Because the Central Children's Room of the New York Public Library was privately funded, Moore was allowed greater freedom in her hiring practices. She believed in hiring employees that would relate to the communities to which they would be serving.
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Moore also developed a training program for children's services staff: the "Qualification Test for the
Children's Librarian Grade". This six-month program included practical training, readings and discussion. She organized hundreds of story times, compiled a list of 2500 Standard Titles in Children's
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in
Massachusetts. She was very close to her father and hoped to follow in his footsteps as a lawyer, despite the biases of her era. The death of both her parents and a sister-in-law made her plans to become a lawyer unattainable. Her brother suggested that she consider the emerging profession of
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In 1918 Moore delivered a series of lectures to a group of New York publishers and booksellers, promoting the need for quality writing for children. It was the norm of the day that children's books were primarily vehicles for morality lessons, and Moore felt they should be more than this; she
177:(ALA), "Report on the Reading of the Young". Up to this point children had usually been considered a nuisance in library settings, and often were excluded from libraries until they were at least 14 years of age. As part of her research into the proposed children's room, Moore visited
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She was named Annie after an aunt, and officially changed her name to Anne in her fifties, to avoid confusion with Annie E. Moore, another woman who was also publishing material about juvenile libraries at that time. From 1906 to 1941, she headed children's library services for the
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Anne
Carroll Moore is recognized as one of the most influential figures in 20th-century librarianship in the United States. She was dubbed the "Grande Dame of Children's Services"; a pioneer in the newly emerging specialty of children's literature, librarianship, and publishing.
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and was quoted as saying "I was never so disappointed in a book in my life." She wrote to White, saying his book lacked realistic fantasy, the character development was labored, the illustrations were out of scale, and she advised that the book not be
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319:), her stamp of approval or disapproval was often widely accepted as final judgment on a book. Her own confidence in her ability as book reviewer is evident in the stamp she kept in her desk;
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had offered to her. This rather unwieldy title placed her in charge of children's programming at all NYPL branches as well as overseeing the
Central Children's Room, which opened in 1911.
498:, sent by the Swedish government in 1907 to study public libraries in the United States. Moore later visited the Stockholm Children's Library which Palmgren founded and wrote about it in
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in which the main character was based on a puppet she used in her story times. This story was one of two runner's up for the 1925 Newbery Medal. She wrote of her own childhood in
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185:(ALA) and helped to organize the Club of Children's Librarians. She served as the Club's first chair. This club later became the ALA Children's Services Division (now the
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Luther Moore was 50 years old when Annie was born, a
Harvard-trained lawyer who became President of the Maine Senate and a Trustee at the Maine Agricultural College.
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for six years. Moore eventually went on to become a highly influential children's book reviewer. From 1924 to 1930 she was the children's book reviewer for the
542:. In 1955, she received an Honorary Doctorate from the Pratt Institute. In 1960, the year before her death, she was awarded the Catholic Library Association's
490:, her successor described them as, "young women with unusual gifts, aptitudes, manifold backgrounds, and varied educational experiences." In 1937, Moore hired
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474:. Several librarians published books that developed from their story times at the New York Public Library Children's Room during Moore's tenure, including
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Horning, K.T. (2010). "2010 May Hill
Arbuthnot Lecture: Can Children's Books Save the World? Advocates for Diversity in Chidlren's Books and Libraries".
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336:, published in 1947, seriously impacting sales of the now popular book. For many years the book was excluded from the New York Public Library.
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In 1896, Moore graduated from Pratt, and accepted an offer to organize a children's room at that same institute, partly due to a paper which
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655:. New York Public Library. By Julia Miller, May 1988; revised by Julia Mucci, May 2004. Archived 2013-01-12. Retrieved 2013-09-09.
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274:. She is credited with introducing all three to the American public. She also wrote children's books, the most famous entitled
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Kniffel, L., P. Sullivan, and F. McCormick (1999, December). "100 of the most important leaders we had in the 20th century".
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In 1932, Moore received from the Pratt
Institute a special award, the Diploma of Honour. In 1940, she was twice awarded the
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In 1921 Moore gave a series of lectures and toured the libraries of
England and France for the ALA. During this tour she met
237:. Moore was adamant that books for children should be well-written, factually accurate and should not mix fact and fantasy.
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Grotzinger, L. A. (1983). "Biographical
Research on Women Librarians: Its Paucity, Perils and Pleasures". Heim, p. 165.
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Den som vinner barnen, honom tillhör framtiden: Valfrid Palmgren och Stockholms barn- och ungdomsbibliotek 1911-1927
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Moore was forced to retire in 1941, at the age of 70. Initially refusing to cede control to her successor,
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98:(July 12, 1871 – January 20, 1961) was an American educator, writer and advocate for children's libraries.
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Brand, Barbara Elizabeth (1983). "Sex-Typing in Education For Librarianship: 1870–1920". Heim, p. 43.
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and Sarah Barker Moore. She described her childhood as a happy one and wrote about growing up in
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Luther died 14 January 1892 from influenza; Sarah died on 16 January 1892, also of influenza.
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Two previous female infants had been born but had died suddenly and prematurely as infants.
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Children & Libraries: The Journal of the Association for Library Service to Children
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Bader, B. (1997, Sep-Oct). "Only the Best: the hits and misses of Anne Carroll Moore".
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1168:"Anne Carroll Moore, the New York Librarian Who Changed Children's Literature Forever"
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McElderry, M. K. (1992, March). "Remarkable Women: Anne Carroll Moore & Company".
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The Status of Women In Librarianship: Historical, Sociological and Economic Issues
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During this period Moore began to regularly review children's books, writing for
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stressed the importance of providing access to well written books for the young.
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Reclaiming the American Library Past: writing the women in Norwood, New Jersey
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Moore remained at the Pratt library for ten years. In 1906, she moved to the
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She died in childbirth, two months after the passing of Moore's parents.
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Moore developed a set of standards that she called "The Four Respects":
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Some library catalogs may confuse records of works by these two women.
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Bookwomen: Creating an Empire in Children's Book Publishing, 1919-1939
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Lundin, A. (1996). "Anne Carroll Moore: 'I have spun out a long thread
128:. She had seven older brothers and was the only surviving daughter of
821:. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press. p. 32.
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1006:"Who could hate 'Goodnight Moon'? This powerful New York librarian"
692:. University of Hawaii. Archived 2010-01-27. Retrieved 2013-09-09.
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1100:(in Swedish). Högsk. i Borås, Institutionen Bibliotekshögskolan.
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She worked as a law clerk in her father's office until his death.
639:"Anne Carroll Moore: Our First Supervisor of Work with Children"
367:, illustrated by Jay Van Everen (1924) – Newbery Medal runner-up
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Respect for the professional standing of children's librarians
448:, winner of the 1952 Newbery Medal and three-time runner-up;
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Walter, V. A. (2004, November). "The Same, But Different".
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Erin Okamoto: School Library Media Specialist: E-Portfolio
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Moore credited two women as her most influential mentors,
753:, Stamford, Conn.: Ablex Publishing Company, pp. 187–204.
546:"for her pioneer work in children's library services".
1156:. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc. ix, 483 pp.
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Cummins, J. (1999, July). "Moore than Meets the Eye".
866:"Moore, Anne Carroll (1871–1961) | Encyclopedia.com"
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Librarian, book reviewer, lecturer, writer 1918–1941
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in Maine. She then attended a two-year college, The
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526:, Moore founded "Children's Book Week" in 1918.
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705:"Newbery Medal and Honor Books, 1922–Present"
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1091:Jönsson, Malin; Samuelsson, Lill (1996).
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364:Nicholas: A Manhattan Christmas Story
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109:Nicholas: A Manhattan Christmas Story
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440:(the library director at Pratt) and
1004:Flynn, Meagan (January 15, 2020).
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120:Early life and education 1871–1894
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969:Bird, Elizabeth (March 4, 2019).
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1080:(3): 8–16 – via EBSCOhost.
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1152:Heim, Kathleen M., ed. (1983).
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905:Lepore, Jill (July 13, 2008).
106:system. Moore wrote the novel
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235:Respect for children's books
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1298:American women illustrators
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478:, Anna Cogswell Tyler and
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383:Cross-Roads to Childhood
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677:Okamoto, Erin (2003?).
345:New York Public Library
294:New York Herald Tribune
206:New York Public Library
198:New York Public Library
104:New York Public Library
1328:Pratt Institute alumni
1166:Miller, Laura (2016).
1123:School Library Journal
957:The Horn Book Magazine
937:School Library Journal
853:School Library Journal
812:Eddy, Jacalyn (2006).
530:Awards and recognition
466:for illustration; and
416:New Roads to Childhood
377:Three Owls (Volume II)
300:The Horn Book Magazine
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165:Early career 1895–1913
1318:Newbery Honor winners
1278:American illustrators
636:Miller, Julia (1988).
514:Boy Scouts of America
488:Frances Clarke Sayers
410:The Choice of a Hobby
357:My Roads to Childhood
341:Frances Clarke Sayers
280:My Roads to Childhood
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134:My Roads to Childhood
975:A Fuse #8 Production
870:www.encyclopedia.com
679:"Anne Carroll Moore"
508:Children's Book Week
450:Claire Huchet Bishop
425:and American History
395:Reading for Pleasure
229:Respect for children
1283:American librarians
1247:Library of Congress
1010:The Washington Post
645:on January 12, 2013
540:University of Maine
518:Frederic G. Melcher
438:Mary Wright Plummer
432:Mentors and mentees
423:Joseph A. Altsheler
334:Margaret Wise Brown
159:Mary Wright Plummer
44:Annie Carroll Moore
1243:Anne Carroll Moore
1234:Anne Carroll Moore
1137:American Libraries
1056:Anne Carroll Moore
1037:. January 15, 2020
711:2011-10-24 at the
462:, winner of three
210:John Shaw Billings
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124:Moore was born in
96:Anne Carroll Moore
25:Anne Carroll Moore
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788:(2008, July 21).
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1039:. Retrieved
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980:November 25,
978:. Retrieved
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939:, pp. 26–30.
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916:October 24,
875:October 24,
800:E. B. White
649:January 12,
484:Pura Belpré
480:Pura Belpré
305:E. B. White
288:The Bookman
153:Library in
1257:Categories
802:(8 pages).
622:References
615:published.
1125:, p. 156.
1106:924424092
834:August 7,
538:from the
147:librarian
1223:LibriVox
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855:, p. 54.
709:Archived
682:Archived
155:Brooklyn
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1147:Sources
427:(1961)
200:in 1914
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877:2020
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823:ISBN
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