263:
324:'s experiments with the manufacture of interchangeable musket parts and the influence on the American military of the rationalism of General Gribeauval and his followers firmly established the intellectual and institutional basis for the rise of the American system of arms production. The pure rationalism of 'system and uniformity' provided an adequate incentive for the pursuit of this goal. The United States War Department soon found the idea of interchangeability irresistible, and through its own armories and through private arms contracts it encouraged and supported attempts to achieve this end. Eventually the War Department
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530:. "Treating of all kinds of firearms in detail, and of the formation, object and service of the flying or horse artillery, preceded by an introductory dissertation on cannon. In two volumes. Accompanied with a volume containing sixty-seven plates carefully engraved. By Louis de Tousard, Member of the Society of the Cincinnati; late Lieutenant Colonel adjoint to the General Staff in the armies of
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239:. By 1800 he was a lieutenant colonel and Inspector of Artillery. As the Inspector, he supervised the construction of several forts in Eastern seaboard of the US, and the construction and testing of cannons.
290:, which set out to perfect the idea. Despite the claims of Eli Whitney, who failed to deliver on his original 1798 contract until 1809 and who never achieved interchangeability, the
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was instrumental in the establishment of the U.S. Military
Academy at West Point in 1802, initially to train engineers and artillerists, with a curriculum modeled after that of the
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Educated at the
Strasbourg school of artillery, Tousard served with the Continental Army between 1777–1778 and lost an arm due to wound received in the
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The importance of
Tousard's book , as well as his informal teaching of officers in the Corps of Artillerists and Engineers, cannot be overemphasized.
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interchangeability. Ordnance officers elevated the idea of interchangeability to an ideal and helped to transform it into a reality.
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From the
American System to Mass Production, 1800–1932: The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States
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Louis de
Tousard papers, 1810-1828. [Archival Manuscript Material (Collection), 120 items, 1 container.]
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250:. After retiring from US service he served France in military and diplomatic capacities. In 1809 he published
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Military enterprise and technological change: perspectives on the
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The
American Arillerist's Companion, or Elements of Artillery
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The
American Arillerist's Companion, or Elements of Artillery
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French military personnel of the
American Revolutionary War
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Louis
Tousard (1749-1817). Un artilleur entre deux mondes
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223:After being briefly imprisoned during the
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43:portrait by Edward Greene Malbone
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662:Order of Saint Louis recipients
337:Major de Tousard also designed
439:Johns Hopkins University Press
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333:Other military contributions
282:then set up the armories at
216:. He was decorated with the
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266:Louis, chevalier de Tousard
233:2nd U.S. Artillery Regiment
185:who served in the American
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544:: CS1 maint: postscript (
345:in Newport, Rhode Island.
207:Antoine Étienne de Tousard
220:on his return to France.
181:(1749–1817) was a French
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214:Battle of Rhode Island
471:Kinard, Jeff (2007),
301:realized it with the
276:interchangeable parts
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205:He is the brother of
18:Anne Louis de Tousard
637:French Army officers
299:Captain John H. Hall
218:Order of Saint Louis
145:Order of Saint Louis
431:Hounshell, David A.
373:, pp. 154–155.
248:École Polytechnique
242:His influence with
85:10 April 1817
56:12 March 1749
320:'s enthusiasm for
310:David A. Hounshell
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229:Prison de l'Abbaye
116:Military personnel
606:de Tousard, Louis
578:24:177‑188 (1960)
562:978-2-343-22195-3
514:de Tousard, Louis
505:978-0-262-19239-2
482:978-1-85109-556-8
448:978-0-8018-2975-8
296:inside contractor
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371:Kinard 2007
284:Springfield
274:'s idea of
227:in 1793 at
183:artillerist
631:Categories
620:mm81043075
465:1104810110
390:Smith 1985
349:References
339:Fort Adams
308:Historian
195:West Point
191:La Fayette
112:Occupation
496:MIT Press
201:Biography
93:(aged 68)
540:citation
528:19017252
516:(1809),
457:83016269
433:(1984),
326:demanded
124:engineer
120:diplomat
235:in the
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558:ISBN
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443:ISBN
341:and
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82:Died
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