75:
197:
50:
242:
31:
632:
Kuhnz, Linda A.; Burton, Robert K.; Slattery, Peter N.; Oakden, James M. (2005-01-01). "Microhabitats and
Population Densities of California Legless Lizards, with Comments on Effectiveness of Various Techniques for Estimating Numbers of Fossorial Reptiles".
354:, although its population distribution is often scattered. They require some source of moisture to aid in the regular shedding of their skin; without shedding properly, the lizard's ability to eat and see can be affected, potentially starving the animal.
263:(burrowing) lifestyle. Colors are usually a silver-bronze dorsal (back) side and a yellow underside, separated by black side-stripes or markings extending from the lizard's head down the length of its body. Black (
489:. The efficiency of their water absorption is directly related to the moisture content of the sand, suggesting that there are natural limits to their hydration based on the sand's properties. This
401:
These lizards when provoked can use their tails as a dummy to distract a predator. When threatened, its tail detaches and acts like the lizard, giving it a chance to escape from its predator.
549:, the Black Legless Lizard. This distinction is no longer recognized due to a study that demonstrated that these populations have different ancestors, separating them into their own groups.
1133:
393:
and probably breed between early spring and July, with 1 to 4 young born
September–November. Young lizards resemble their parents except look like smaller versions of them.
438:
than previously reported. Using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences from museum-volunteered samples, their research identified five major genetic lineages of the
1050:
259:
measures around 7 inches (18 cm) from snout to vent (excluding the tail). The slightly pointed head and eyes are both rather small—adaptations for a primarily
1102:
442:. Two of these lineages align with a north-south split observed in other widespread Californian reptiles. Notably, unlike many other Californian reptiles,
366:
1166:
1024:
1201:
1063:
426:, as both lizards are noted to be active at lower temperatures more so than other diurnal species, while also avoiding temperatures over 30 C.
1191:
279:
There were formerly two subspecies of
California legless lizard recognized based on individual color morphs: the silvery legless lizard,
1181:
413:
Based on the results of this study, the mean temperature these lizards preferred was 24-25 C. This temperature depended on the level of
824:"High genetic diversity among fossorial lizard populations (Anniella pulchra) in a rapidly developing landscape (Central California)"
682:
1196:
933:
1068:
763:
389:
Males are slightly smaller than females, otherwise there is no discernible difference between the two sexes. Females are
357:
These lizards can be found in diverse vegetation zones, ranging from seaside dunes to inland open pine woodlands. In the
751:
740:
417:
in the environment and is said to help them remain its increased activity in its environments where it is often cooler.
1186:
481:
exhibits a unique method of water intake. According to a paper from
Margaret Fusari, these lizards can increase their
1107:
422:
74:
1176:
420:
The researchers compare the temperature preference of these lizards to be similar to the alligator lizard, the
409:
A study conducted by R. Bruce Bury and Thomas G. Balgooyen in 1976 revealed the "temperature selectivity" of
267:) and darker brown forms, which were thought to be a separate subspecies at one point, have been observed in
466:
146:
136:
951:
377:
Their diet consists of mainly beetles, larval insects, termites, ants, and spiders. To obtain food, they
461:
Their research has also revealed that due to urban development, only one of the three localities of the
169:
989:
1011:
998:
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301:
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361:, the species been spotted at elevations of up to 2050 meters (6,725’), and 1360 meters (4,461’) in
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347:
343:
39:
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268:
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https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/45523/0850_Anniella_pulchra.pdf
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has both a substantial extrinsic and a weaker intrinsic component. The structure of the
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230:
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823:
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339:
59:
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is why these lizards can thrive in environments where water is scarce and limited.
762:
Hunt, L.E. “Anniella pulchra.” Catalogue of
American Amphibians and Reptiles, 2006
699:
1089:
1037:
983:
241:
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30:
847:
490:
378:
288:
902:
855:
800:
260:
86:
928:(1st ed. 1980. ed.). Boston : Birkhauser Verlag. pp. 31–33.
879:"Drinking of Soil Water by the California Legless Lizard, Anniella pulchra"
529:
consists of a prominent medialis portion and a smaller lateralis section.
485:
by absorbing water, only when their mouth is in direct contact with moist
1120:
968:
414:
264:
249:
126:
106:
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878:
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654:
116:
1042:
646:
96:
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894:
792:
719:
434:
A study by Parham and
Papenfuss in 2008 revealed a higher level of
541:, this lizard was previously split into two distinct species, the
240:
210:
777:"Temperature Selectivity in the Legless Lizard, Anniella pulchra"
486:
482:
335:
1016:
949:
521:
is typical of lizards, but with specific distinctions. The
287:. However, contemporary taxonomy considers them simply a
334:
live in loose, sandy soils or leaf litter, or among
958:
822:Parham, James F.; Papenfuss, Theodore J. (2009).
700:"Four New Species of California Legless Lizards (
698:Papenfuss, Theodore J.; Parham, James F. (2013).
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
381:themselves under leaves and ambush their prey.
591:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T62227A167597877.en
295:has been split up into five different species:
233:, burrowing lizard often mistaken for a snake.
775:Bury, R. Bruce; Balgooyen, Thomas G. (1976).
8:
566:Hammerson, G.A.; Hollingsworth, B. (2021).
946:
195:
48:
29:
20:
589:
621:CaliforniaHerps.com on Anniella pulchra
558:
752:Animal Diversity Web: Anniella pulchra
926:The Phylogeny of Anguinomorph Lizards
545:, the Silver Legless Lizard, and the
7:
577:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
676:CaliforniaHerps.com on the former
450:, with two being exclusive to the
14:
1167:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
741:Anniella in the Reptile Database
446:has genetic lineages endemic to
291:morph. More recently (in 2013),
283:, and the black legless lizard,
73:
1202:Taxa named by John Edward Gray
533:Formerly Recognized Subspecies
509:is notably developed, and the
299:(with a narrower definition),
1:
1192:Reptiles of the United States
877:Fusari, Margaret H. (1985).
469:region remains alive today.
423:Gerrhonotus multi-carinatus
342:coast. They are found from
1218:
1182:Reptiles described in 1852
24:California legless lizard
924:Rieppel, Olivier (1980).
848:10.1007/s10592-008-9544-y
473:Water intake and adaption
367:Sierra de San Pedro Márti
227:California legless lizard
203:
194:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1197:Lizards of North America
543:Anniella pulchra pulchra
327:Distribution and habitat
685:April 29, 2010, at the
405:Temperature selectivity
635:Journal of Herpetology
584:: e.T62227A167597877.
547:Anniella pulchra nigra
503:m. cervicomandibularis
253:
828:Conservation Genetics
244:
511:depressor mandibulae
840:2009ConG...10..169P
539:californiaherps.com
348:Northern California
344:Contra Costa County
40:Conservation status
1187:Reptiles of Mexico
452:San Joaquin Valley
448:Central California
254:
1154:
1153:
952:Taxon identifiers
647:10.1670/126-04a.1
436:genetic diversity
430:Genetic diversity
411:Anniella pulchra.
218:
217:
63:
16:Species of lizard
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570:Anniella pulchra
563:
497:Head musculature
479:Anniella pulchra
463:Anniella pulchra
444:Anniella pulchra
440:Anniella pulchra
363:Sierra de Juárez
257:Anniella pulchra
246:Anniella pulchra
222:Anniella pulchra
206:Anniella pulchra
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179:Anniella pulchra
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1177:Legless lizards
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1116:Observation.org
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720:10.3099/MCZ10.1
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687:Wayback Machine
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515:m. pterygoideus
499:
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465:located in the
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352:Baja California
329:
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269:Monterey County
239:
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161:A. pulchra
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889:(4): 981–986.
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834:(1): 169–176.
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787:(1): 152–155.
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641:(3): 395–402.
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302:A. alexanderae
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537:According to
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396:
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391:ovoviviparous
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359:Sierra Nevada
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281:A. p. pulchra
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170:Binomial name
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680:"subspecies"
677:
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595:. Retrieved
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523:genioglossus
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385:Reproduction
376:
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331:
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320:A. stebbinsi
318:
314:A. grinnelli
312:
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214:) in purple
209:
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160:
159:
147:
18:
1090:NatureServe
1038:iNaturalist
984:Wikispecies
678:A. p. nigra
597:20 November
467:Bakersfield
350:, south to
285:A. p. nigra
237:Description
137:Anniellidae
1161:Categories
553:References
525:muscle in
491:adaptation
379:camouflage
338:along the
336:sand dunes
332:A. pulchra
297:A. pulchra
293:A. pulchra
289:melanistic
265:melanistic
211:sensu lato
55:Vulnerable
903:0045-8511
856:1566-0621
801:0045-8511
261:fossorial
204:Range of
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1172:Anniella
1095:2.960624
1056:10361661
975:Q2661640
969:Wikidata
864:33623597
728:85350734
714:: 1–17.
708:Breviora
702:Anniella
683:Archived
663:86641172
527:Anniella
519:Anniella
507:Anniella
415:moisture
308:A. campi
275:Taxonomy
250:Los Osos
231:limbless
148:Anniella
133:Family:
127:Squamata
117:Reptilia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1134:pulchra
1030:2471882
911:1445251
836:Bibcode
809:1443785
655:4092925
397:Defense
340:Pacific
229:, is a
189:, 1852)
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1144:184244
1141:uBio:
1069:174095
1043:371955
1017:795918
932:
909:
901:
883:Copeia
862:
854:
807:
799:
781:Copeia
726:
661:
653:
317:, and
225:, the
1121:96677
1108:51957
1082:62227
1051:IRMNG
907:JSTOR
860:S2CID
805:JSTOR
724:S2CID
659:S2CID
651:JSTOR
1103:NCBI
1077:IUCN
1064:ITIS
1025:GBIF
930:ISBN
899:ISSN
887:1985
852:ISSN
797:ISSN
785:1976
599:2021
582:2021
501:The
487:sand
483:mass
477:The
454:and
373:Diet
365:and
252:, CA
187:Gray
1012:EoL
999:ADW
891:doi
844:doi
789:doi
716:doi
712:536
643:doi
586:doi
517:in
505:in
458:.
369:.
346:in
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850:.
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657:.
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866:.
846::
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718::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
