195:; neither was expected to work on a regular basis. The laid-off musicians, some of whom had worked for the Esterházys for years, were given six weeks' severance pay. Anton was not alone in cutting back his musical establishment; this was a period of general decline in the musical forces sponsored by the empire's aristocracy.
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Personal relations between Anton and Haydn appear to have been friendly. The prince lent Haydn 450 gulden to cover his travel expenses on the first London journey. When in 1791 Anton wrote Haydn asking him to return to compose and direct an opera celebrating Anton's installation as Lord
Lieutenant
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Jones offers an account of one motivation for Anton's cutbacks: prior to his accession, Anton himself had been a spendthrift, and his father
Nikolaus was worried about the long-term solvency of the family. When Anton inherited, the family's financial affairs were placed in the hands of a curator,
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Before Anton became reigning prince in 1790, his father had spent a great deal on music, particular the opera company. Anton was not particularly interested in music and wanted to cut back on expenditures. Thus when he became prince he dismissed most of the Esterházy musical establishment. He
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who was to control the funds until it could be established that the finances were stable. Thus Anton had strong incentives to cut back, and moreover (Jones suggests) "a desire to demonstrate where a good deal of Esterházy expenditure had always been incurred."
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Anton's cutbacks had an inadvertent though important influence on the history of music: Haydn took advantage of his new freedom to visit London, where he premiered many new works (such as the
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of the 31st
Infantry Regiment, from November 1777 to October 1780, and then Colonel and Proprietor of the 34th Infantry Regiment from September 1780 until his death. He was initiated to the
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119:), Therese, and Leopoldine. Maria Theresa died in 1782. Anton married his second wife 9 July 1785 in Vienna: she was Maria Anna, Gräfin von Hohenfeld (1768–1848).
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He was
Captain of the Hungarian Noble Life Guard from September 1791 until his death in 1794, and commanded an autonomous corps on the Upper Rhine at the beginning of the
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On 13 January 1763 Anton married Maria
Theresia, Gräfin (Countess) Erdödy de Monyorokerek et Monoszlo (1745–1782) in Vienna. They had four children:
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Anton had known Haydn long before becoming the reigning prince. Thus, for Anton's marriage in 1763 the Esterházy musical ensemble performed Haydn's opera
191:(wind band), a few musicians for church music, and also allocated small salaries (400 florins) to retain the services of Haydn and of the first violinist
206:) in highly successful public concerts, thus helping to establish the role of composer as a public figure, independent of aristocratic patronage.
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in
Hungary and patronized the arts. In particular he paid an entire orchestra, later a full-scale opera company, both directed by the composer
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in 1792; he had already received the Grand Cross of the Order in 1777. His corps was later absorbed into other military formations.
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Anton is perhaps best remembered to history as the third in the succession of four Esterházy princes who employed the composer
214:, Haydn refused, as he had entered into contractual obligations. The composer feared for his job, but Anton did not fire him.
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28:
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A Biographical
Dictionary of all Austrian Generals in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1792–1815.
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as the director of their court music. By a wide margin, he was the least enthusiastic of the four in this respect.
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died without heirs, Nikolaus acquired the family patrimony, becoming the fifth prince in the Esterházy line.
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The
Napoleon Series. Robert Burnham, editor in chief. April 2008 version. Accessed 28 February 2010.
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As such, he inherited considerable wealth, with which he built the magnificent palace of
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45:(11 April 1738 – 22 January 1794) was a prince of Hungary, a member of the wealthy
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69:(Count) Esterházy de Galántha. Nikolaus was a successful general and lieutenant
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Prince Paul's wife, Maria
Theresia, Countess Erdödy de Monyorokerek et Monoszlo.
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96:. Anton's mother, Marie Elisabeth, was the daughter of Ferdinand Ungnadin,
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Mraz, Gerda (2009) "Esterházy, Prince Anton," in David Wyn Jones, ed.,
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115:(who succeeded him as prince), Anton (who died of wounds from the
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leading his cavalry in a battle-winning charge. When
Nikolaus's
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in Austrian service who would later achieve distinction at the
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Paul Anton (Antal) Anselm, Graf u. Fürst Esterházy de Galántha
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Paul Anton (Antal) Anselm, Graf u. Fürst Esterházy de Galántha
27:"Anton I" redirects here. For the Catholicos of Georgia, see
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Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
49:. He is primarily known for his patronage on composer
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Anton was elevated to the status of prince (German:
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Austrian military personnel of the Seven Years' War
358:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 87.
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43:Anton (Antal), Prince Esterházy de Galántha
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61:At the time of Anton's birth his father
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422:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria
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351:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
356:Oxford Composer Companions: Haydn
100:(Imperial Count) von Weissenwolf.
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117:Austro-Turkish War (1787-1791)
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397:Princes Esterházy of Galántha
29:Catholicos Anton I of Georgia
412:18th-century philanthropists
407:18th-century male musicians
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158:Order of the Golden Fleece
143:War of the First Coalition
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347:Jones, David Wynn (2009)
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392:Patrons of Joseph Haydn
402:18th-century composers
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154:Proprietor (Inhaber)
147:Order of St. Stephen
152:He was Colonel and
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63:Nikolaus Esterházy
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349:The Life of Haydn
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238:Mraz (2009)
162:Chamberlain
134:During the
366:Categories
342:References
98:Reichsgraf
256:Mraz 2009
212:Oedenberg
90:Esterháza
189:Harmonie
113:Nikolaus
284:Smith.
83:brother
124:Fürst
218:Notes
181:Acide
67:Graf
57:Life
210:of
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