512:
2111:, see Martorell Pérez 2009, p. 415, Martorell Pérez 2014, p 84; he was also in the first line during the ceremony itself, Martorell Pérez 2009, p. 416, Martorell Pérez 2014, p 85. It is not clear why Arrúe supported the prince; maybe he considered Carlos Hugo and the Huguistas a counter-weight to Valiente, maybe he hoped that a young prince would provide more dynamics while Don Javier was already aging, maybe he viewed prince’s entry as a means of strengthening the dynasty against the Juanistas, especially that Arrúe has already pressed Don Javier on descendancy issues, Vázquez de Prada 2009, p. 198
312:
608:, but the Carlist king did not appoint a new jefe. In the early 1960s Arrúe remained the soul of provincial Traditionalism, apparently driving from the back seat though also assuming one-day prestigious ceremonial roles. When the claimant decided to compete with Basque nationalism by setting up an inter-regional Vasco-Navarrese council named Junta Foral Superior in 1961, Arrúe was considered an obvious representative of Gipuzkoa and a leading candidate to head the entire body. His opponents considered Arrúe a power-hungry Carlist version of
1693:, declaring that “con relación a la nota de la F .E. de las JONS aparecida en Unidad, la Junta Carlista de Guerra de Guipúzcoa desea hacer público que lamenta no poder adoptar actitud análoga a la que se expresa en dicha nota, por no haber recibido invitación alguna del Excmo. Sr. Gobernador Civil para participar en la nueva Gestora Provincial . Por consiguiente esta Junta no ha facilitado ningún nombre para la provisión de puestos en el referido organismo”, quoted after Félix Luengo Teixedor,
931:
597:
652:
566:. Having returned to San Sebastían Arrúe resumed his semi-official Carlist activities; as the movement decomposed into many factions, he stayed loyal to Fal and the regent. He was with those judging that the regency aroused little enthusiasm amongst the rank-and-file and merely encouraged damaging dynastical competition; hence, he preferred that Don Javier announces his personal claim to the throne, which indeed took place in 1952.
588:
Falange. The junta proved to be short-lived and some of its participants soon backtracked when challenged by
Valiente, but Arrúe did not. In 1957 as Gipuzkoan jefe he automatically entered the newly formed Junta de Gobierno de la Comunión and kept confronting the new leader, accusing him of betraying the Carlist spirit. In early 1959 he resigned as jefe of Gipuzkoan Carlism, quoting disagreement with policy of the new Secretariat.
400:
910:
536:, the Carlist publishing house disguised as a commercial enterprise. In August 1942 as head of the Gipuzkoan junta he signed a manifesto prior to planned official celebrations commemorating the siege of Tolosa; the document urged loyalty to Don Javier and Fal, claiming that the future of Spain lies only with Carlism. As the event turned into riots between Carlists and Falangists, Arrúe – accused also of pro-
902:
also brought it to unprecedented rhetorical mastery. Considered one of the best Basque orators of his time, he was acknowledged not for highly emotional inflammatory style, but rather for smoothness, sense of humor, vivacity and fluidity. His practical contribution to written Basque, apart from scientific articles, covers also short poems, usually humorous light pieces like a praise of the
447:
643:, and defeated the governmental candidates in Gipuzkoa. He immediately carried into the parliament the just-launched campaign to re-introduce concierto economico, though despite attempts to mount some public pressure, the initiative came to nothing producing only minor alterations to the original abolition law. As part of a hardly veiled dissident strategy, Arrúe joined
47:
175:
548:
1710:“Hay dos guerras, la de las trincheras, donde se expone la vida y se juega con la muerte, y la de las ciudades, donde se exponen cargos y se juega con los nombres (. . .) En la retaguardia hay una guerra sórdida y miserable, en la que empuja y se trabaja arteramente por medrar y subir, por colocarse y brillar”, quoted after Teixedor 1990, p. 86
684:
415:. As the Junta Provincial was transformed into the wartime Traditionalist provincial body, Junta Carlista de Guerra of Gipuzkoa, Arrúe resumed his duties of its secretary. Some time late 1936 or early 1937 he became acting president of this body, as its February 1937 documents are already signed by him as "presidente en funciones".
2207:
1078:
852:
1843:
Arrúe urged to “defender con todo su entusiasmo la bandera de la legitimidad, hoy en alto mantenida por nuestro
Regente Don Francisco Javier de Borbón-Parma y su Delegado y único jefe de la Comunión Tradicionalista Sr.D. Manuel Fal Conde ¡¡ Carlistas guipuzcoanos!! el próximo día 9 de agosto todos a
1789:
Gobernacion civil was already fully controlled by FET, though
Carlism remained in control of Diputación Provincial, see Teixedor 1990, p. 88; key front-office Carlists in Gipuzkoa were at that time Julio Muñoz Aguilar (jefe of provincial FET), Fidel Azurza (president of Diputación, jefe provincial de
2326:
from Tercio
Familiar who like Arrúe voted against declaring Juan Carlos in 1969, during preparations to the 1971 re-election campaign were required by Don Javier and his entourage to sign their undated resignations prior to running as Carlist candidates; enraged, they refused, see José-Ángel Zubiaur
2227:
in 1967 he led a public gathering at the main plaza of
Estella; flanked by immense portraits of Don Javier and Carlos Hugo and following a folk performance of Muthiko Alaiak, Arrúe addressed a see of boinas rojas; first in Basque and later in Castellano he declared that Carlism supports the campaign
922:
Arrúe remained a rather forgotten figure until a compilation of his works was released in 2008 and triggered some follow up both in media and in historiography. According to the recently published works his contribution to the Basque cause is highly controversial. It remains beyond any doubt that he
760:
and promoted the genre by organizing local qualifications, leading up to the final contest formatted as a major San
Sebastián cultural event in 1960, 1962, 1965 and 1967. He was also a jury member, in case of discrepancies his vote often prevailing. He facilitated a number of editorial initiatives,
527:
One scholar suggests that having moved with his newly wed wife to San
Sebastián, Arrúe rejected proposals to live off perks and administrative positions. Instead, he joined the anti-collaborationist Carlist faction loyal to Don Javier, and threw himself into rebuilding the independent Traditionalist
1790:
FET), Juan José Pradera (director of La Voz de Espana). Elías
Querejeta (jefe of provincial FET), Lus Ruiz de Prada (president of Diputación) and Fernando Aramburu (president of Diputación), Teixedor 1990; another author describes them as “poco representativos”, see Mercedes Vázquez de Prada Tiffe,
938:
In some studies Arrúe is presented as “a vascófilo within the regime”, a person who tried to accommodate Basque cultural ambitions within the
Francoist system. In this perspective, Arrúe appears to be either someone whose contribution was merely a byproduct of his Carlist political leaning, someone
834:
In 1966 he was among initiators of the
Euskaltzaindia memorandum to the Ministry of Education, suggesting pilot Basque classes in public schools, limited bilingualism in primary schools and graduation Basque classes in universities, apart from state subventions and limited introduction of Basque in
1923:
he was present during the talks between Don Javier and the Sivattistas in Perpignan; the meeting ended with Don Javier signing a document pledging faith to Traditionalist principles and ruling out a dynastical agreement with the Alfonsists. The paper was supposed to be private, but Sivatte made it
2048:
in 1960, during celebrations of 125th anniversary of Zumalacarregui’s death, Arrúe addressed the crowd in front of the martyr’s mausoleum; speaking of course in Basque he underlined that no Spanish king is legitimate unless he swears to the Basque fueros, a hardly veiled reference to Don Javier’s
901:
Arrúe's role in theoretical development of the Basque language and culture is perhaps dwarfed by his practical contribution. Since the 1930s he has been hailed by media, colleagues and Vascófilos as a great speechmaker, who has not only transplanted spoken Basque from barns to congress halls, but
3120:
Sudupe 2012, p. 834 quotes Nemesio Echániz speaking allegedly on Arrúe: “En todas las fiestas populares euskéricas, un señor que ya desde antaño tenía dadas buenas muestras de su fobia hacia todos los que no se allanaran a sus estrechas ideas políticas, se arroga el derecho de soltar una soflama
943:
manipulated bertsolari contests in terms of their winners and in terms of their public reception. In a nutshell, according to this view Arrúe was nothing less than a Francoist “political commissar” delegated to Euskaltzaindia, and his activity remained detrimental to Basque national development.
578:
as its secretary, it was in fact Arrúe remaining the provincial leader. One scholar suggests that Arrúe conspired against Fal, considering him too conventional in his anti-Francoist bid; if this is the case indeed, the ensuing deposition of Fal and collaborationist turn of mid-1950s caught Arrúe
282:
In 1941 Arrúe married María Teresa Salazar, a native of Tolosa. The couple settled in San Sebastián; Antonio continued with his law practice, opening the business in the very centre of the city; gradually he specialized in rural rent and heritage issues, working with a number of local companies,
587:
emerging as a new national jefe, in 1956 Arrúe tried to oppose his course by forming Junta del Regiones; this semi-rebellious body was bent on preventing rapprochement with Francoism and envisioned a loose alliance of Carlists, nationalists, regionalists, Catholics and even some sectors of the
942:
In some studies Arrúe is presented as a badly reputed "Asteasu beltza". Adherent to a backward ideology, he censored the Basque literature, forced pro-Francoist distortions, promoted clericalism, sponsored Spanish lexical intrusions into Basque, obstructed disliked people and publications and
926:
In some studies Arrúe is presented as “one of us”, a Basque who trapped in political maze of his time did his best to promote Basque culture against the hostile background of Francoist regime. He is credited mostly for his support as organizer, lawyer and politician, a person who delivered an
2389:“en primer lugar hizo uso de la palabra D. Antonio Arrúe, que habló en vasco, haciendo un llamamiento a los regionales para que no se dejen sorprender por las doctrinas que él califica de nuevas y que no son más que un morbo separatista, con las que la tradición está en abierta pugna”,
2150:
note also the social thread: “las regiones fueron las constructoras de la nación y hoy son la columna viva que sostiene la sociedad en que vivimos,” quoted after Martorell Pérez 2014, p. 224; “sólo en la unidad de España tienen sus limites las libertades regionales”, quoted after
569:
Arrúe maintained very good relations with the Carlist political leader; he shared Fal's intransigence on dynastical and anti-Francoist issues, while Fal shared and supported Arrúe's drive to promote the Basque identity. Though in 1953 the Gipuzkoan junta was reconstituted under
426:
in Gipuzkoa and about centralizing designs of the regime, perceived as a threat to Traditionalism, Basque culture and provincial identity. Already in October 1936 the Gipuzkoan Junta Carlista de Guerra, animated by Arrúe, voiced publicly against composition of the provincial
819:
647:
who, unable to get adequate hearing in the chamber, staged rump informal sessions across the country; this “Cortes transhumantes” was formally banned in 1968. In early 1969, together with 3 fellow Carlist MPs, Arrúe protested expulsion of Don Javier and Carlos Hugo.
923:
opposed independent Basque political ambitions, defended integrity of Spain and has always considered the Basques part of the Spanish political nation; different views pertain to his intentions and to his impact on Basque culture and Basque national development.
2237:
the government merely agreed to remove part of the preamble, which implied that Gipuzkoa and Biscay were punished for their pro-Republican stance in 1936; as the very text the Francoist government declared that there is no step back, Martorell Pérez 2011, p.
345:
districts; an Anastasio Arrúe was jefe of the local Tolosan Integrist junta, and a Pedro Arrúe was its treasurer; Antonio's father as an organist was closely related to the parochial clergy; finally, in the early 1930s Antonio commenced collaboration with
748:, the Basque language academy, managed to regain its precarious legal standing in the early 1950s, Arrúe neared the institution, to join it formally in 1954. As a lawyer and a politician he was instrumental in organizing its first congress in
631:
strategy of grabbing power within the Comunión and a promotional stage for Carlos Hugo himself. Speaking as usual in Basque he focused on regional rights, though his lecture arose little enthusiasm and there were even some jeers recorded.
391:, denouncing it as "antivasco, antiforal y exótico". Nominated secretary of the Carlist Junta Provincial of Gipuzkoa, he continued with public appearances – already dubbed “infatigable secretario” – throughout 1935 and early 1936.
752:
in 1956, overcoming a number of legal, administrative and political obstacles. He also presided over many of its sessions and was key to engineering the follow-up, vital to the re-launching of Euskaltzaindia after the Civil War.
627:, neared the group of his young entourage. He engaged in their new publishing house Ediciones Montejurra and in the spring of 1967 was rewarded with the privilege of addressing the annual Montejurra amassment, the key event in
2648:
the circle of bertsolarismo promoters was formed by Juan María Lecuona, Alfonso Irigoyen, Fernando Artola, Antonio Valverde, Ambrosio Zaratain Juan San Martín and Antonio Zavala, Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 862, Zavala 2008, p.
675:, now firmly controlled by the socialist progressists, and did not run in the 1971 elections. He kept considering himself a Traditionalist and an immense portrait of the Carlist king Javier I remained in his office.
1135:
3373:
3313:
474:
in June 1937. Standoff between the military and Carlism continued as Don Javier re-entered Spain in November; Arrúe was appointed his personal secretary, touring the frontlines and making 4,000 km across
2493:
Arrúe was a refined gourmet expert. He had a huge library on the subject, Zavala 2008, p. XVI, co-founded Cofradía Vasca de Gastronomía, Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 862, took part in conferences on gourmet, see
898:, Basque cuisine and foreign literature; it was only the question of Basque political ambitions that he avoided – at least in the Francoist Spain – and usually approached only as part of the Carlist history.
1213:
during their engagement period Arrúe travelled on bike from his home to Villabona, half-way between Asteasu and Tolosa, to meet his fiancée on "neutral ground", see Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 849, see also
2039:
according to Raguán Zuazola used to sign everything approved by Arrúe, Vázquez de Prada 2012, p. 1135; the author considers Gipuzkoan leadership team Arrúe’s camarilla, see Vázquez de Prada 2012, p. 1135
2020:
a local commission, called in 1959 and composed of José Ignacio Olazábal, Elías Querejeta and Germán Raguán suggested that Luis Zuazola is the best candidate for the new jefe, Vázquez de Prada 2012, p.
411:, as neither himself nor any of the sources consulted provides any related information. Once it became clear the insurgency failed in Gipuzkoa he went into hiding and resurfaced when the Carlist troops
667:
as the future king of Spain. Paradoxically, at that time he was increasingly alienated by the pro-democratic turn of the dynasty he remained loyal to. Though when in 1970 Carlos Hugo established his
640:
439:
juntas, aimed at countering falangism and ensuring that provincial fueros do not suffer. Faced with growing threat of amalgamating Carlism within a monopolist state party, just a week between the
236:. Correct spelling of Antonio's mother's surname is disputed. It is not clear whether the family was in any way related to a number of known contemporary Basques bearing the same name, esp. the
466:, entered Spain in mid-May, Arrúe accompanied him across Gipuzkoa. On May 19, 1937, he took part in first of the two most emotional moments of his political career: Don Javier swearing at the
1984:, claims that Arrúe was also a member of “Junta suprema”, “Diputación permanente” and “Junta nacional” of the Comunión, but none of these bodies is identified or mentioned by other scholars
329:
have – or whether he embraced it during the schooling and academic years. None of the sources consulted offers also any clue as to which branch of the movement he joined in the 1920s, the
367:. In the summer of 1934 his activity became indeed hectic and was recorded also in major cities like San Sebastian. Soon gaining recognition as “notable orador”, Arrúe delivered vibrant
756:
Relieved from political Carlist duties, in the late 1950s Arrúe fully dedicated himself to Euskaltzaindia. He was the moving spirit behind its newly established commission dedicated to
671:, Arrúe joined its foral commission, he remained in this body no longer than until 1971. Following a scandal related to re-election negotiations of the Navarrese MPs, he broke up with
511:
2344:
Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 863; he declared: “yo continuaré siendo carlista hasta la muerte. Pero con Carlos Hugo y los suyos no quiero saber nada”, quoted after Zavala 2008, p. XIII
1905:
Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 858, Martorell Pérez 2009, pp. 343-4; the Gipuzkoan junta was not assembled for long periods, all powers resting with Arrúe, Vázquez de Prada 2012, p. 1124
2979:
Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 849; Arrúe’s friends and colleagues from Euskaltzaindia arranged for his works to be issued as a book in 2008; for a sample of press acknowledgements see
663:
On July 22, 1969, Arrúe recorded the second of the two most emotional moments in his political career: in an open, one-by-one Cortes voting in front of Franco he voiced against
528:
network in the province. In 1940 he was appointed the representative of Gipuzkoa in a 4-member interregional vasco-navarrese junta; the same year the Carlist political leader
697:
Arrúe's mother tongue was Basque and he spoke Basque also with his own children. Little is known about his early views on the Basque question. In the 1930s he firmly opposed
1924:
public. A number of signatories were later expulsed from the Comunion; Arrue was spared due to his recent appointment to the provincial jefatura, Mercedes Vázquez de Prada,
1834:
also Fernando Aramburu as president of Diputación protested against the Francoist treatment of Gipuzkoa; he was forced out of office in October 1942, Teixedor 1990, p. 91
870:, was in the second row of those scientifically contributing to the Basque culture. His works – articles published in Basque- and Spanish-language periodicals, mostly in
470:
to conform to and protect the traditional Basque fueros. The pledge soon suffered a major setback when, following the conquest of Biscay, Franco scrapped the provincial
459:
2353:
it is not clear whether Arrúe was required to sign the same resignation letter as the Navarrese Carlist procuradores were; Zubiaur Alegre 2012 does not mention his name
3378:
1268:
843:. In 1969, when Euskaltzaindia's legal standing was challenged, he threw himself into massive lawyer's work, resulting in forming its firm juridical basis in 1972.
729:
1737:
Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 852; the oath was taken by capelan of the Requetés and the pason of Ezquiroz, Fermín Erice, Martorell Pérez 2014, p. 229, see also
2298:
as one of 4 Carlists and 19 procuradore in total, Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 870; see the Pathe film with part of the procedure (starting 02:55), available
431:, bluntly stating that there are two wars: one in the trenches, and one in the corridors of power. Early 1937 he tried to co-ordinate a joint effort of
341:, though it is the latter group which seems most probable. Asteasu was in the very centre of the Integrist national stronghold, composed of Tolosa and
2030:
Vázquez de Prada 2012, p.1132; the front-men were José Aramburu, José Ignacio Olazábal, Luis Zuazola and Germán Raguán Vázquez de Prada 2012, p. 1125
2002:
Martorell Pérez 2011, pp. 859-60, Martorell Pérez 2014, p. 113; it is not clear when Arrúe has earlier re-taken junta's presidency from Ruiz de Prada
612:, keen to build his Vascongadas fiefdom, and as there were no suitable counter-candidates, the idea of Junta Foral was eventually abandoned. In 1962
3363:
503:. It is not clear how much time he spent behind bars; released, he returned to Asteasu to lead Carlist opposition to falangisation of the province.
207:
279:. It is not clear when and where he opened the office; he is first reported by the newspapers as “a young lawyer from Asteasu” in the early 1930s.
275:. None of the sources consulted gives exact dates of his academic period. Following graduation he returned to Gipuzkoa and started the career as a
1313:, 9788432305108, pp. 113-127, 254-269; in the Azpeitia district the Integrists won 13 out of 22 Cortes mandes conquered during the Restoration age
419:
296:
79:
1993:
Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 859, he is described as “representante del sector más intransigente del carlismo vasco”, Martorell Pérez 2009, p. 415
3408:
3398:
619:
Sidetracking of Arrúe was acknowledged by the regime, always keen to exploit differences within various political groupings, by awarding him
495:
Arrúe was reached by the military detention order; only thanks to intervention of collaborationist Carlists he was allowed to make it to the
1844:
Tolosa, a demostrar que aún se puede salvar a España con el carlismo y solamente con el carlismo”, quoted after Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 856
3418:
3338:
1644:, 9788477682653, p. 229 states vaguely that Arrúe contributed to insurgency preparations, though he gives neither a source nor any details
609:
3051:
57 (2012), pp. 823-838, based on own research and evidence provided by Nemesio Agapito Echániz Arambarri and Andima Ibiñagabeitia Idoyaga
1914:
Martorell Pérez 2009, p. 392; the same author in his other work claims that Arrúe has been loyal to Fal, see Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 850
3303:
428:
476:
463:
203:
1962:
Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 859; Arrúe held separate talks with Arrese, bordered disloyalty to Don Javier, Vázquez de Prada 2009, p. 198
715:
and in the 1940s he showed a concern for Basque culture and for Basque provincial rights, though not for Basque political ambitions.
363:, in 1932. In 1933 he was already reported as an active speaker at local Carlist meetings, mostly in minor Gipuzkoan localities like
3393:
3220:
2271:
2138:
1933:
1065:
580:
584:
423:
3388:
3348:
3308:
440:
3413:
3403:
3343:
2676:
Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 862; he also helped financially, see Zavala 2008, p. XVI, Bernardo Estornés Lasa, Antonio Arrúe Zarauz
1021:
371:
in Basque that sparked the enthusiasm of the audience. His speeches covered key Carlist topics: siding with the Church against
146:
elected from the so-called tercio familiar. He contributed to Basque culture mostly as organizer and administrator, during the
2986:
2319:
3333:
3323:
3171:
2698:
2176:
1641:
1310:
987:
Not to be confused with Antonio Arrué Peiró, a contemporary Spanish martyr (1908–1936) beatified by the Catholic Church (see
777:, a monumental 17th century Basque literary work. Some authors claim he also helped to push many works through the Francoist
559:
551:
2188:
there was much trust in the Comunion that Arrue would ensure the Carlist success in Gizpuzkoa, Vázquez de Prada 2016, p. 326
1166:
939:
who unintentionally promoted the cause, or someone who was used by the Basques to pursue their cultural and national goals.
3358:
1370:
1290:
537:
1265:
3383:
3368:
2218:
the campaign was launched in by the Carlist councillors of the Tolosa ayuntamiento, Martorell Pérez 2011, pp. 864–5, 866
245:
2628:
2612:
1219:
480:
3084:
Sudupe 2012, p. 831; the same author claims that Arrúe, in the best Soviet style, manipulated the clergy, see p. 836
2507:
2499:
2058:
along a veteran Gipuzkoan Carlist and former president of the Gipuzkoan Diputacion Provincial, Julián Elorza Aizpuru
311:
3353:
2968:
2287:
2251:
2156:
2104:
698:
628:
624:
2599:
in the immediate post-war era bertsolarim was reduced to very low-ley events, virtually family and friend meetings
1945:
Martorell Pérez 2009, p. 394; Martorell Pérez 2014, p. 112; a bit different view Mercedes Vázquez de Prada Tiffe,
620:
408:
836:
711:, at that time practiced only by some PNV politicians. As a leading Carlist politician in Gipuzkoa, during the
359:
Arrúe became a public figure after the three Traditionalist streams merged into a united Carlist organization,
927:
umbrella sheltering Basque institutions and enabling cultural development, shaped and directed by the others.
664:
407:
It is not clear whether Arrúe contributed either to Carlist military buildup or political preparations to the
360:
334:
292:
283:
associations and institutions. María initially served as a secretary in his law office, later on to work as a
115:
3318:
1776:
Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 853-4; Don Javier was expulsed from Spain soon afterwards, Manuel Martorell Pérez,
957:
703:
372:
326:
1365:
some authors claim it was as early as in 1932, see San Martin 1976, Bidador 2000; bibliographical entry of
348:
988:
895:
749:
571:
322:
2362:
Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 863; „en politica fui siempre tradicionalista”, quoted after Zavala 2008, p. XII
1329:; there were also other members of the Arrue family active as Integrist supporters in the district, see
330:
1077:
Arrúe’s segundo apellido is usually spelled as “Zarauz”, compare the official Cortes service available
533:
3164:
Escritores carlistas en la cultura vasca: sustrato lingüístico y etnográfico en la vascología carlista
783:
767:
291:
shop, run by her mother. They had 3 daughters, Maite, María Ignacia and María Carmen. Their only son,
3298:
3293:
2410:
2323:
1621:
1606:
1598:
1582:
1574:
1528:
1497:
741:
516:
412:
388:
387:
as illusory and deceptive; there were also some social threads present. He spoke firmly against the
272:
248:. Antonio and his two sisters, Eleuteria and Dolores, were raised in a profoundly Catholic ambience.
2394:
1590:
1566:
1558:
1543:
1513:
1505:
1481:
1465:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1393:
1385:
1326:
252:
1334:
636:
613:
575:
529:
471:
2782:
Zavala 2008, p. XVII, Villasante 1979; the case was finally settled in 1976, Zavala 2008, p. XVIII
1155:
though somatimes his relations with the clergy remained thorny, see Luis Villasante Kortabitarte,
605:
3002:
see apologetic article by Manuel Martorell Pérez 2011 or the homage paid by Antonio Zavala 2008;
1869:
Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 855, Zavala 2008, p. XIII he was fined, see Martorell Pérez 2014, p. 229
1369:
at the San Sebastián digital press archive claims the Basque section was introduced in 1934, see
1280:
805:
644:
384:
930:
211:
210:. None of the sources consulted offers any information on his parents, except that his father,
3328:
3216:
3167:
2694:
2267:
2172:
2134:
1929:
1637:
1306:
1061:
875:
827:
712:
338:
260:
225:
1749:
Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 853; other sources claim it was in July 37, see Teixedor 1990, p. 88
811:
722:, Arrúe was increasingly engaged in their activities. In 1953 he assumed co-directorship of
707:
as an integral part of Spain; simultaneously he stood out by delivering all his speeches in
467:
455:
264:
219:
199:
143:
1354:
967:
740:
and maintained for over 20 years. The same year he commemorated fellow Carlist vascologist
724:
651:
596:
2444:
1792:
La reorganización del carlismo vasco en los sesenta: entre la pasividad y el "separatismo"
1272:
1170:
1025:
840:
719:
708:
635:
In late 1967 Arrúe stood as a Carlist in the newly introduced, semi-free elections to the
443:
he signed a circular, urging every Gipuzkoan Carlist to maintain loyalty to the Comunión.
353:
256:
163:
3016:
2440:
399:
3176:
3039:
very loosely translatable as “Darth Vader from Asteasu”; this approach is presented by
3003:
1980:
Vázquez de Prada 2009, p. 199, Vázquez de Prada 2012, p. 1116; Bernardo Estornés Lasa,
1041:
962:
909:
818:
745:
151:
3238:
2310:
Comisione Delegada Para el Estudio Foral y Local, Caspistegui Gorasurreta 1997, p. 204
3287:
3204:
3139:
see damaging accounts by Echániz and Ibiñagabeitia referred by Sudupe 2012, pp. 836-7
1283:; like his grandfather, Juan Arrúe Salazar also used to plays organs in Asteasu, see
823:
762:
757:
672:
500:
352:, the local Gipuzkoan Integrist daily, later editing its newly introduced section in
237:
192:
134:
militant throughout all of his life; in the 1950s and 1960s Arrue informally led the
127:
1634:
Carlos Hugo frente a Juan Carlos: La solución federal para España que Franco rechazó
1230:
first at calle Legazpi, later move to calle de Garibay, Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 855
1018:
2981:
2518:
his contributions were gathered and reprinted in 1979, Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 860
1947:
El nuevo rumbo político del carlismo hacia la colaboración con el régimen (1955-56)
1285:
887:
883:
773:
563:
379:
as bulwarks of loyalty, defending traditionalist monarchy as a warrant of regional
159:
17:
3260:
3075:
the original prologue is replaced by the one written by Arrue, Sudupe 2012, p. 829
744:
by facilitating foundation of a Basque philology institute bearing his name. When
1163:
1926:
El final de una ilusión. Auge y declive del tradicionalismo carlista (1957-1967)
867:
863:
718:
As some pre-war Basque cultural institutions were getting re-established in the
484:
3190:
3071:
3040:
3006:
1979 calls him friend and colleague and wishes “may he help for us from heaven”
799:
138:
branch of the party, and from 1957 to 1959 he held the official Traditionalist
3278:
3273:
3265:
2299:
2108:
1858:
1854:
1738:
778:
701:
and its political ambitions, confronting them with a traditionalist vision of
691:
547:
446:
284:
241:
139:
1002:
Antonio Arrue, el carlista que colaboró en el relanzamiento de Euskaltzaindia
3252:
2482:
1037:
488:
364:
147:
3279:
contemporary Carlist propaganda video (Arrúe 2:53, centre, with spectacles)
3233:
3028:
2726:
2702:
1190:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1090:
185:
Antonio Arrúe Zarauz was born in the Elizmendi quarter of Asteasu, a small
46:
2527:
exercising whatever influence he still had in local politics, Bidador 2000
2455:
Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 860, Bernardo Estornés Lasa, Antonio Arrúe Zarauz
1081:, though some authors prefer the “Zarautz” version, see Joxemiel Bidador,
174:
3121:
euskérica con latiguillos fáciles de un pretendido entusiasmo vasquista”.
2206:
Martorell Pérez 2011, pp. 850, 869, see also the official Cortes service
1719:
Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 851, further details in Teixidor 1990, pp. 84-86
687:
604:
The Gipuzkoan command was temporarily assumed by junta's vice-president,
520:
368:
342:
300:
222:
215:
196:
189:
155:
135:
3195:
Antonio Arrue: Euskaltzaindiaren eta Francoren erregimenaren laguntzaile
3045:
Antonio Arrue: Euskaltzaindiaren eta Francoren erregimenaren laguntzaile
267:, few miles from the French frontier. In the early 1920s he studied in
3243:
952:
879:
793:
737:
540:
sympathies - was expulsed from Gipuzkoa and ordered a year of exile in
492:
432:
376:
288:
229:
179:
131:
64:
21:
1853:
Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 856, Martorell Pérez 2009, p. 274, see also
903:
891:
496:
436:
276:
268:
233:
3060:
enforcing also self-censorship upon the authors, Sudupe 2012, p. 829
2536:
Zavala 2008, p. XIII and San Martin 1976, p. 16 claim it was in 1954
683:
991:) and also a controversial figure related to the Spanish Civil War.
3153:
Antonio Arrue, Euskaltzaindiaren suspertzean lagundu zuen karlista
2430:
Martorell Pérez 2011, pp. 851, 858-9, Martorell Pérez 2009, p. 344
929:
850:
817:
682:
650:
595:
541:
510:
462:, Arrúe decided simply to ignore it. When the new Carlist regent,
445:
398:
380:
173:
2405:
called “para luchar por Dios, por España y por Euskalerria”, see
736:
that in 1954 he started to publish a regular column dedicated to
623:
in 1964. In mid-1960s Arrúe, from 1957 supporting Carlist prince
3274:
Oriamendi euskera, Carlist anthem in its original Basque version
491:. In December 1937 the adventure came to an abrupt end when in
458:
decreed abolishment of all parties and their unification within
186:
851:
499:
prison himself instead of having been escorted in handcuffs by
1017:
winning the competition of 1888, aiurri.com service available
1896:
Martorell Pérez 2011, pp. 858-9, Martorell Pérez 2009, p. 344
874:– are loosely scattered across many disciplines: history of
862:
Arrúe, an amateur with no professional background either in
1778:
La continuidad ideológica del carlismo tras la Guerra Civil
781:. As an author he popularized Basque culture by writing to
3374:
Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (National faction)
3314:
Politicians from the Basque Country (autonomous community)
1816:
Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 855, Martorell Pérez 2009, p. 194
1695:
La formación del poder franquista en Guipúzcoa (1937-1945)
2934:
invited and wanted also abroad, see Zavala 2008, p. XVIII
1102:
Jose, Ramiro and Ricardo, see their personal entries at
418:
Arrúe soon became disillusioned by military rule in the
2329:
Elecciones a Procuradores familiares en Navarra en 1971
2884:
San Sebastián y la Real Compaña Guipuzcoana de Caracas
2179:, 9788431315641, p. 302, Vázquez de Prada 2016, p. 310
2169:
El naufragio de las ortodoxias: el carlismo, 1962-1977
1239:
Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 855, Bernardo Estornés Lasa,
558:
In late 1940s Carlism lost its influence on Gipuzkoan
422:, growing particularly anxious about preponderance of
906:, occasionally winning prizes during local contests.
2094:
Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 849, San Martin 1976, p. 16
142:
in the province. Form 1967 to 1971 he served in the
2955:
Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 861, Zavala 2008, p. XVIII
835:official public use. As a lawyer Arrúe assisted in
325:outlook from his ancestors – like most Carlists in
251:The young Antonio obtained his bachillerato in the
162:is moderate, though he excelled as one of the best
111:
103:
95:
87:
72:
53:
37:
2545:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 860, Zavala 2008, p. XIII
1653:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 850, Zavala 2008, p. XIII
1181:Zavala 2008, p. XII, also Bernardo Estornés Lasa,
2554:Zavala 2008, p. XIV, Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 861
2639:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 861, Zavala 2008, p. XV
2049:oath taken in 1937, Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 863
28: and the second or maternal family name is
1201:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 855, Estornés Lasa,
299:lawyer and is referred to as a specialist in
8:
886:, history of Basque social movement, Basque
321:It is not clear whether Arrúe has inherited
2989:; brief historiographical debate ensued in
2502:and won prizes for his writing on cuisine,
730:Real Academia Vascongada de Amigos del País
579:bitterly disappointed; he was leaning to a
126:(1903–1976) was a Spanish politician and a
2167:Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta,
45:
34:
1796:Vasconia. Cuadernos de Historia-Geografía
908:
616:was formally appointed jefe provincial.
546:
310:
271:, enrolled at the Faculty of Law in the
130:cultural activist. Politically he was a
3379:Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War
980:
228:; he also served in a number of nearby
3213:Antonio Arrue. Idaztiak eta hitzaldiak
2322:and Auxilio Goñi Donázar, two Carlist
1404:in May he spoke in San Sebastian (see
1058:Antonio Arrue. Idaztiak eta hitzaldiak
532:suggested he joins executive board of
3267:Eta tira eta tunba, eta tira beltzari
2685:Zavala 2008, p. XX, Luis Villasante,
1689:the Junta published its statement in
7:
2327:Alegre, José-Ángel Zubiaur Carreño,
2103:In 1957 Arrúe supported the idea of
1028:; see also Ángel Sagardia Sagardia,
815:and by delivering public lectures.
761:acknowledged in particular for the
515:Arrue during homage to vascologist
375:secularization, hailing Gipuzkoan
14:
3269:, traditional Basque Carlist song
2067:Vázquez de Prada 2012, pp. 1132-5
890:, theory of contemporary Basque
878:, history of Basque linguistics,
847:Basque: theorist and practitioner
3015:see biographical note edited by
2723:Harluxet hiztegi entziklopedikoa
2701:, 9788472314672, available also
2687:Antonio Arrue Zarauz (1903–1976)
1857:; for an anti-British view, see
771:series and the 1964 re-print of
3364:20th-century Spanish historians
2120:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 863-4
2085:Vázquez de Prada 2012, p. 1125
2076:Vázquez de Prada 2012, p. 1136
2011:Vázquez de Prada 2012, p. 1131
679:Basque: promoter and organizer
1:
3239:old photos of Lecaroz college
2871:Cuatro poetas vascos actuales
2623:Zavala 2008, p. XV, see also
1353:1/6 (1976), p. 16, available
1157:Antonio Arrue jauna hil zaigu
1104:Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia
1034:Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia
263:, in the Navarrese region of
3409:20th-century anthropologists
3399:20th-century Spanish lawyers
3261:Euskaltzaindia official site
2773:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 869
2764:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 867
2755:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 866
2746:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 864
2590:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 861
2572:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 861
2371:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 871
2197:Martorell Pérez 2014, p. 250
1971:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 859
1887:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 857
1825:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 855
1807:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 855
1767:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 853
1758:Martorell Pérez 2014, p. 229
1728:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 852
1680:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 851
1671:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 852
1662:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 850
1251:Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 855
1187:Auñamendi Eusko Entzikopedia
1040:and aramburu blog available
918:Basque: reception and legacy
20:, the first or paternal
3419:University of Oviedo alumni
3339:People from Francoist Spain
3201:57 (2012), pp. 823–838
3159:56 (2011), pp. 847–872
3025:Lur hiztegi entziklopedikoa
2667:Martorell Pérez 2011 p. 862
2107:making a surprise entry at
1303:El Carlismo Vasco 1876-1900
882:of Basque language, Basque
107:Basque activist, politician
3435:
3304:Basque Carlist politicians
3187:1/6 (1976), pp. 15–17
2129:compare Jeremy MacClancy,
1444:), in August in Renteria (
1128:Arrue, José de (1884-1960)
150:era engaged especially in
15:
3162:José Javier López Antón,
2481:; full archive available
2335:27/79 (2012), pp. 147-167
2320:José-Angel Zubiaur Alegre
839:, vital for building the
837:Aránzazu congress of 1968
44:
3394:Spanish male songwriters
3151:Manuel Martorell Pérez,
3069:in re-issued edition of
2943:Bernardo Estornés Lasa,
2713:also under the pen-name
2228:to restore the concierto
1632:Manuel Martorell Pérez,
1301:see Javier Real Cuesta,
1000:Manuel Martorell Pérez,
361:Comunión Tradicionalista
293:Juan María Arrúe Salazar
116:Comunión Tradicionalista
3389:Spanish Roman Catholics
3349:Spanish anti-communists
3309:Spanish anthropologists
3246:literaturaren zubitegia
1878:Teixedor 1990, pp. 92-3
1780:, Valencia 2009, p. 154
1030:Ángel Cabanas Erausquin
841:unified Basque language
3414:People from Tolosaldea
3404:20th-century essayists
3344:Roman Catholic writers
3111:Sudupe 2012, pp. 834-5
3021:Arrue Zarautz, Antonio
2421:San Martin 1976, p. 16
2131:The Decline of Carlism
1953:69 (2009), pp. 193-196
1428:), in July in Bedayo (
1384:, 28.08.33, available
1262:laboratoriodefilosofia
935:
914:
859:
831:
694:
660:
621:Orden del Mérito Civil
601:
562:, FET and major local
555:
524:
451:
413:conquered the province
404:
318:
295:, became a well known
182:
178:Arrúe's family house,
3334:Spanish ethnographers
3324:Basque-language poets
2719:Arrue Zarauz, Antonio
2506:17.12.63, available
1739:video homage at 02:52
1504:23.12.35, available
1412:), in June in Ganza (
1083:Antonio Arrue Zarautz
933:
912:
854:
821:
728:, a review issued by
686:
665:Juan Carlos de Borbón
654:
599:
550:
514:
449:
402:
327:Basque-Navarrese area
314:
177:
166:orators of his time.
3359:Spanish male writers
2985:03.05.09, available
2967:24.08.72, available
2945:Antonio Arrúe Zarauz
2793:Juan Bautista Agirre
2627:01.01.68, available
2611:20.12.60, available
2498:12.11.68, available
2409:13.02.36, available
2393:24.12.35, available
2286:10.01.69, available
2250:19.01.68, available
2155:13.05.67, available
1982:Antonio Arrúe Zarauz
1798:, 38 (2012), p. 1123
1620:13.02.36, available
1605:10.12.35, available
1597:04.11.35, available
1589:02.11.35, available
1581:01.11.35, available
1573:16.10.35, available
1565:20.08.35, available
1557:14.08.35, available
1542:16.07.34, available
1527:09.08.35, available
1512:23.12.35, available
1496:09.08.34, available
1480:28.08.34, available
1464:18.08.34, available
1448:18.08.34, available
1440:14.07.34, available
1432:12.07.34, available
1424:15.06.34, available
1416:09.06.34, available
1392:07.10.33, available
1333:07.08.95, available
1325:22.05.06, available
1289:29.06.11, available
1241:Antonio Arrúe Zarauz
1218:11.10.05, available
1203:Antonio Arrúe Zarauz
1183:Antonio Arrúe Zarauz
742:Julio Urquijo Ibarra
572:Ignacio Ruz de Prada
403:campaign in Gipuzkoa
238:Arrúe Valle brothers
124:Antonio Arrúe Zarauz
58:Antonio Arrúe Zarauz
39:Antonio Arrúe Zarauz
3384:Spanish politicians
3369:Spanish monarchists
3234:Arrúe at Euskomedia
3130:Sudupe 2012, p. 834
3102:Sudupe 2012, p. 835
3093:Sudupe 2012, p. 831
2832:Euskareran batasuna
2658:Zavala 2008, p. XVI
2563:Zavala 2008, p. XIV
2380:Zavala 2008, p. XIX
1699:Geronimo de Uztariz
1408:05.05.34 available
1146:Zavala 2008, p. XII
913:Euskaltzaindia site
690:, Arrue's favorite
669:Gabinete Ideologico
657:Cortes trashumantes
639:from the so-called
585:José María Valiente
472:concierto economico
3223:, pp. XII–XXV
2581:Zavala 2008, p. XV
2262:Stanley G. Payne,
1279:service availavle
1271:2015-01-31 at the
1264:service available
1169:2016-01-29 at the
1162:service available
1134:service available
1089:service available
1024:2016-02-02 at the
936:
915:
860:
832:
695:
661:
602:
556:
525:
452:
450:Falangist standard
441:Unification Decree
405:
385:Basque nationalism
319:
183:
3354:Spanish essayists
2897:Gastronomía vasca
2693:, Donostia 1979,
2441:Aingueru Irigaray
2264:The Franco Regime
2171:, Pamplona 1997,
1508:, and especially
1345:Juan San Martin,
1008:56 (2011), p. 849
876:Basque literature
704:foral Euskalerria
583:dissidence. With
534:Editorial Navarra
232:and towns giving
121:
120:
3426:
3166:, Tafalla 2000,
3140:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3109:
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3094:
3091:
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3061:
3058:
3052:
3037:
3031:
3017:Joxemiel Bidador
3013:
3007:
3000:
2994:
2993:of 2011 and 2012
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2296:
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2266:, Madison 1987,
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2037:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1985:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1954:
1943:
1937:
1921:
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1906:
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1691:La Voz de España
1687:
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1100:
1094:
1085:, a 2000 entry
1075:
1069:
1052:Antonio Zavala,
1050:
1044:
1015:
1009:
998:
992:
985:
934:Euskalerria 2014
784:La Voz de España
768:Colección Auspoa
673:Partido Carlista
600:Carlist standard
530:Manuel Fal Conde
435:, Gipuzkoan and
429:comision gestora
420:Nationalist zone
383:and confronting
273:local university
214:, was the first
170:Family and youth
49:
35:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3284:
3283:
3230:
3177:Juan San Martin
3148:
3146:Further reading
3143:
3138:
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3101:
3097:
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3088:
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3034:
3014:
3010:
3004:Luis Villasante
3001:
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2019:
2015:
2010:
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1323:El Siglo Futuro
1321:
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1305:, Madrid 1985,
1300:
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720:Francoist Spain
681:
641:Tercio Familiar
594:
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507:Early Francoism
397:
309:
265:Valle de Baztán
253:Lecároz college
172:
164:Basque-language
154:. His input as
112:Political party
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2153:La Vanguardia
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1420:) and Goyaz (
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2035:
2026:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1989:
1981:
1976:
1967:
1958:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1925:
1919:
1910:
1901:
1892:
1883:
1874:
1865:
1849:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1777:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1745:
1733:
1724:
1715:
1706:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1633:
1628:
1617:
1613:
1602:
1594:
1586:
1578:
1570:
1562:
1554:
1550:
1539:
1535:
1524:
1520:
1509:
1501:
1493:
1488:
1477:
1472:
1461:
1457:
1445:
1437:
1429:
1421:
1413:
1405:
1400:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1366:
1361:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1330:
1322:
1318:
1302:
1297:
1286:Diario Vasco
1284:
1276:
1261:
1256:
1247:
1240:
1235:
1226:
1215:
1209:
1202:
1197:
1189:, available
1186:
1182:
1177:
1159:
1156:
1151:
1142:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1103:
1098:
1086:
1082:
1073:
1057:
1054:Presentación
1053:
1048:
1033:
1029:
1013:
1005:
1001:
996:
983:
968:
941:
937:
925:
921:
904:Jerez sherry
900:
888:anthropology
884:dialectology
871:
861:
855:
833:
812:Zeruko Argia
810:
804:
798:
792:
788:
782:
772:
766:
758:bertsolarism
755:
733:
723:
717:
702:
696:
668:
662:
656:
645:procuradores
634:
618:
606:Luis Zuazola
603:
568:
557:
526:
468:Guernica oak
453:
417:
406:
358:
347:
320:
315:
307:Early career
281:
250:
184:
160:ethnographer
123:
122:
29:
25:
18:Spanish name
3299:1976 deaths
3294:1903 births
3191:Pako Sudupe
3072:Peru Abarca
3041:Pako Sudupe
2845:Palankariak
2105:Carlos Hugo
1936:, pp. 45-46
1277:infoempresa
1132:eresbil.com
868:ethnography
864:linguistics
828:Caro Baroja
806:El Fuerista
800:Eusko Gogoa
732:. It is in
625:Carlos Hugo
485:Extremadura
477:Vascongadas
339:Integristas
208:Vascongadas
88:Nationality
3288:Categories
3209:Aurkezpena
3172:8476813260
3027:available
2699:8472314677
2691:Jan-edanak
2479:Jan edenak
2177:8431315644
2109:Montejurra
1642:8477682658
1311:8432305103
1106:available
1036:available
779:censorship
692:bertsolari
581:Sivattista
560:Diputación
552:Don Javier
464:Don Javier
373:Republican
285:seamstress
259:friars in
246:José Arrúe
244:musician,
242:Franciscan
212:Juan Arrúe
96:Occupation
3244:Arrúe at
3023:entry at
1476:see e.g.
1185:entry at
1160:argia.eus
1130:entry at
1032:entry at
976:Footnotes
713:Civil War
655:Arrue at
574:and with
489:Andalusia
433:Navarrese
395:Civil War
369:harangues
335:Mellistas
331:Jaimistas
301:urbanismo
297:donostian
223:San Pedro
202:, in the
148:Francoist
136:Gipuzkoan
3329:Carlists
3019:2000 or
2274:, p. 517
1951:Hispania
1502:La Epoca
1492:compare
1269:Archived
1167:Archived
1087:zubitega
1068:, p. XII
1022:Archived
947:See also
763:Zavala's
750:Aránzazu
688:Xalbador
629:Huguista
521:Azcoitia
377:caserios
365:Isasondo
343:Azpeitia
261:Elizondo
257:Capuchin
240:and the
230:villages
216:organist
200:province
197:Gipuzkoa
156:linguist
140:jefatura
16:In this
3256:archive
3199:Euskera
3157:Euskera
3049:Euskera
2991:Euskera
2910:Turoczi
2819:Gerriko
2721:entry
2477:titled
2333:Aportes
1388:, also
1275:, also
1006:Euskera
953:Carlism
880:grammar
822:Arrúe,
794:Euskera
738:cuisine
610:Aguirre
493:Granada
481:Castile
424:Falange
337:or the
289:garment
287:in the
234:lessons
218:in the
195:in the
180:Asteasu
132:Carlist
91:Spanish
82:, Spain
67:, Spain
65:Asteasu
22:surname
3219:
3170:
2925:(1960)
2912:(1958)
2899:(1967)
2886:(1963)
2873:(1963)
2860:(1961)
2847:(1958)
2834:(1956)
2821:(1956)
2808:(1956)
2795:(1954)
2697:
2391:El Sol
2270:
2175:
2137:
1932:
1640:
1309:
1064:
892:poetry
858:, 1967
830:, 1955
824:Baroja
709:Basque
659:, 1968
637:Cortes
554:, 1960
538:Allies
497:Burgos
456:Franco
437:Biscay
381:fueros
354:Basque
333:, the
277:lawyer
269:Oviedo
226:church
204:region
193:Tolosa
144:Cortes
128:Basque
99:lawyer
30:Zarauz
2921:E.g.
2908:e.g.
2895:e.g.
2882:e.g.
2869:e.g.
2856:e.g.
2843:e.g.
2830:e.g.
2817:e.g.
2804:e.g.
2791:e.g.
2715:Urrea
2439:with
542:Gijon
454:Once
220:local
26:Arrúe
3254:Egan
3248:site
3217:ISBN
3185:Egan
3168:ISBN
3029:here
2987:here
2969:here
2727:here
2703:here
2695:ISBN
2629:here
2613:here
2508:here
2500:here
2483:here
2443:and
2411:here
2395:here
2300:here
2288:here
2268:ISBN
2252:here
2208:here
2173:ISBN
2157:here
2135:ISBN
2021:1124
1930:ISBN
1859:here
1855:here
1638:ISBN
1622:here
1607:here
1599:here
1591:here
1583:here
1575:here
1567:here
1559:here
1544:here
1529:here
1514:here
1506:here
1498:here
1482:here
1466:here
1450:here
1442:here
1434:here
1426:here
1418:here
1410:here
1394:here
1386:here
1371:here
1355:here
1351:Egan
1335:here
1327:here
1307:ISBN
1291:here
1281:here
1266:here
1260:see
1220:here
1191:here
1164:here
1136:here
1126:see
1116:here
1114:and
1112:here
1108:here
1091:here
1079:here
1062:ISBN
1042:here
1038:here
1019:here
989:here
969:Egan
872:Egan
856:Egan
826:and
789:Egan
774:Gero
734:Egan
725:Egan
523:1949
487:and
190:near
187:town
76:1976
73:Died
61:1903
54:Born
3211:,
3197:,
3183:,
3155:,
3047:,
2689:,
2625:ABC
2609:ABC
2466:A.A
2464:as
2331:,
2324:MPs
2238:865
1949:,
1794:,
1697:,
1349:,
1216:ABC
1056:,
1004:,
866:or
699:PNV
460:FET
158:or
24:is
3290::
3207:,
3193:,
3179:,
3043:,
2717:,
2649:XV
1601:,
1593:,
1585:,
1577:,
1569:,
1561:,
1500:,
1110:,
894:,
809:,
803:,
797:,
791:,
787:,
544:.
519:,
483:,
479:,
356:.
303:.
2468:.
1452:)
1093:;
32:.
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