371:, on the morning of April 20. A few hours later, Santa Anna led his portion of the Mexican army to a campsite less than 1 mile (1.6 km) away. There were two small skirmishes that day as each army tested the strength of the other. Santa Anna received approximately 400 reinforcements at 8 a.m. the following morning, bringing his army to 1,250 men. Texian troops were convinced that a Mexican attack was imminent. Santa Anna's men had spent much of the night preparing for a Texian attack, building makeshift breastworks around their exposed camp. The newly arrived troops were no better rested - they had marched continuously for 24 hours with no sleep or food. As the morning faded away with no sign that the Texians were preparing an attack, Santa Anna relaxed his guard. His troops, including those who had been standing guard, were given permission to rest.
360:
not do such duty.'" Houston was concerned that the Anglos in his army would not differentiate between the
Mexican men in Santa Anna's army and those in Seguin's company. Seguin reminded him that his men had also died at the Alamo, and that they had more reasons than anyone else there to hate the centralists. Houston rescinded his orders but, as a compromise, insisted that all of the men in Seguin's company place a piece of cardboard in their hatbands as a sign that they were part of the Texian army.
378:. They crept forward in silence, hidden by the tall grass. Houston ordered them to charge when they were about 200 yards (180 m) from the Mexican camp. Mexican troops were taken completely by surprise. After firing the first volley, the Texian line fell apart. Many did not bother to reload, instead jumping over the breastworks and swinging their rifles as clubs. Mexican officers yelled orders, but were unable to get control of their men.
290:, who had led the Texan army in December 1835 and was now serving as a private in a volunteer company wanting to reinforce the Alamo. Assured that DeWitt was aware of the events in BĂ©xar, Menchaca announced his intention to take his family further east, across the Guadalupe River. Burleson insisted that Menchaca stay, as all able-bodied men were needed to fight in the Texan army.
328:, who had been inside the Alamo during the battle. Dickinson warned that more than 2,000 Mexican troops were on their way to Gonzales. Local citizens panicked; Houston ordered an immediate retreat, promising that his new army would protect the citizens as they fled. Over the next month, the Texian army marched over 200 miles (320 km), retreating east and north.
200:
429:
veterans who thought they had been denied proper compensation for their service and was often a witness in legal proceedings. In the late 1870s he dictated his autobiography to an unknown person. The first half of his memoirs, covering his life through the Battle of San
Jacinto, was first published
359:
brought
Menchaca orders from Houston that Seguin's company should remain behind and guard the sick. Menchaca found Seguin, and together the men confronted Houston. Menchaca spoke loudly, telling Houston that, "'he could not deprive me of my commission. ... I did not enlist to guard horses and would
343:
captured three
Mexican horsemen. One of the captured men was a courier, carrying mail for Santa Anna. Menchaca and Lorenzo de Zavala Jr. were asked to translate the letters for Houston. The correspondence revealed the locations and strengths of the various Mexican forces in Texas, their strategies
257:
held a council of war with his officers, including
Menchaca, to determine what steps to take next. Both Bowie and Seguin urged Menchaca to take a furlough and bring his family to safety; they were worried that Santa Anna would treat his family as traitors. Menchaca moved his family out of the town,
381:
The battle lasted 18 minutes. Unable or unwilling to mount any sort of unified resistance, Mexican soldiers and officers fled for their lives. Texian commanders were unable to gain control of their troops, and the slaughter continued until dusk. Some sources claim that a
Mexican officer approached
385:
Many
Mexican soldiers fled towards Peggy Lake and attempted to swim to safety. Texan soldiers positioned themselves on the banks and shot those swimming. As the Texans tired, the killing slowed. The surviving Mexican troops were taken prisoner. Menchaca was put in charge of many of the prisoners
181:
descent. His great-great grandfather, Antonio Guerra, was one of the founders of BĂ©xar, who settled in Texas in 1718. Menchaca was the sixth of ten children. He was well-educated and could speak and write both
Spanish and English fluently. In 1824 he married Teresa Ramon. They had four children
317:. The new interim government had placed Houston in charge of the recruits gathered in Gonzales. That evening, two men arrived from BĂ©xar with news that the Mexican army had retaken the Alamo, and the Texian defenders were dead; Houston promptly arrested the men as spies.
410:
invaded the town. Menchaca was wounded when hit by a stone that had been struck by a cannonball. He was taken prisoner by
Mexican troops and released within days after his family swore not to take up arms against Mexico again. He did not enlist during the
382:
Menchaca. The two had known each other in BĂ©xar. The officer begged
Menchaca to intercede for him, as a "brother Mexican". Menchaca yelled back at him "No, damn you, I'm no Mexican - I'm an American!" and shouted for Anglos nearby to shoot him.
186:, a veteran of the Texas Revolution. Antonia Manuela married a Frenchman, Jean Baptiste Ducuron LaCoste. Maria Antonia married Maximilian Neuendorff. Menchaca's father died between 1820 and 1830, and his mother died in the 1840s.
386:
taken near the lake. The prisoners were marched back to their original campsite. Battlefield debris was piled around the circle, and the three cannons were loaded and pointed at the prisoners to ensure their docility.
405:
Menchaca was given a military command in July 1842, leading a company to protect the frontier south of BĂ©xar from Indian attacks. His company helped to defend BĂ©xar in September 1842, when Mexican General
398:
to Nacogdoches to retrieve their families and return to BĂ©xar. On their journey home, most of the other adults in the convoy became ill, and Menchaca took sole responsibility for nursing the sick. The
1845:
374:
At 3:30 p.m., the Texian army lined up. Seguin's men, as part of Burleson's First Regiment, were in the center of the line. At 4 p.m., the Texian army advanced, commencing the
303:
as their first lieutenant and Menchaca as second lieutenant. Among his duties, Menchaca served as a translator for the company members who could not speak English.
2594:
177:(present-day San Antonio, Texas). He was baptized as a Roman Catholic on January 17, 1800. His parents, Juan Mariano Menchaca and Maria Luz Guerra, were of
276:
After six days of hiding at Seguin's ranch, Menchaca moved his family to Gonzales. Immediately after his arrival on March 6, Menchaca went to the home of
1838:
320:
The following day, Houston organized the army. All of the companies gathered, including Seguin's, were placed into the First Regiment of Infantry, with
2599:
2589:
1831:
1793:
1251:
1232:
418:
By 1850, he was established as a merchant. He also served as alderman and then as mayor pro tem from July 1838 through January 1839.
1815:
1767:
399:
314:
425:
who felt they had been treated unjustly by the Republic, and later State, of Texas after the war ended. He frequently spoke up for
2584:
2180:
31:
269:
immediately began sending letters throughout the region, begging for reinforcements for his small troop. Men began gathering in
2300:
2285:
2264:
299:
volunteers waiting in Gonzales, including Menchaca, joined Seguin's new company. The men voted on their officers, choosing
2045:
1904:
1894:
1854:
950:
46:
2604:
2609:
344:
for the next few days, and the fact that the Mexican leaders had no idea of the location and size of the Texian army.
250:
2226:
2208:
2197:
2135:
2016:
1913:
245:. After the Mexican army was expelled from Texas in December 1835, he was stationed with other Texan forces at the
402:
passed a joint resolution in 1838 honoring his service in the Revolution and granting him a home in San Antonio.
412:
324:
in charge. Houston sent scouts to determine what had actually happened in BĂ©xar. They returned on March 13 with
1975:
1899:
909:
759:
569:
484:. Note that Seguin's men at the Alamo were scouts/couriers going in and out, between San Antonio and nearby
2269:
2214:
2191:
2124:
1211:
1117:
347:
With this intelligence, Houston could now make a plan. He chose to act quickly and ordered his men to cross
174:
102:
69:
335:, arriving shortly after Mexican troops under Santa Anna had left. Later that day, a scouting party led by
2243:
803:
431:
375:
266:
2579:
2574:
516:
731:
157:. He later commanded militia troops and helped defend the town from a Mexican invasion by General
2390:
2382:
310:
262:
154:
118:
1999:
773:
653:
1811:
1789:
1773:
1763:
1755:
1247:
1228:
497:
480:
332:
325:
150:
437:
Menchaca died on November 1, 1879, and was interred in San Fernando Cemetery in San Antonio.
355:. Houston ordered that the sick remain behind with the baggage wagons in Harrisburg. Colonel
2161:
2110:
577:
474:
364:
352:
234:
146:
142:
1738:
394:
After the Mexican army retreated from Texas, Menchaca accompanied Seguin and several other
2538:
2533:
2280:
1885:
1874:
582:
485:
445:
321:
300:
287:
270:
81:
182:
together. Joaquina, Maria de Jesus, Antonia Manuela and Maria Antonia). Joaquina married
1261:
2528:
2507:
2461:
2291:
2235:
1804:
1271:
1267:
782:
468:
356:
178:
444:. It is speculated that Manchaca Springs was named for him, and likely the village of
2568:
2553:
2543:
2523:
2512:
2502:
368:
348:
246:
170:
2518:
340:
277:
210:
183:
293:
The following day, Seguin rode into Gonzales with 25 additional recruits. The 14
141:(1797-01 November 1879) was an American soldier and politician who fought in the
1858:
407:
306:
254:
242:
238:
158:
153:
on December 22, 1838. Following the war, Menchaca served on the city council of
1823:
1806:
Eighteen minutes: the battle of San Jacinto and the Texas independence campaign
2548:
336:
282:
1777:
441:
253:
was leading an army into Texas to reclaim the territory. Alamo co-commander
106:
1784:
Menchaca, Antonio (2013), Matovina, Timothy; de la Teja, Jesus F. (eds.),
261:
On February 23, Santa Anna led a large army into BĂ©xar and commenced a
1276:
463:
295:
309:
arrived in Gonzales about 4 p.m. on March 11. He announced that the
30:
1786:
Recollections of a Tejano Life: Antonio Menchaca in Texas History
1244:
Recollections of a Tejano Life: Antonio Menchaca in Texas History
1827:
1242:
Teja, Jesus F. De la; Matovina, Timothy; Poché, Justin (2013).
313:
had declared Texas an independent nation, and read the men the
193:
249:
in BĂ©xar. In February 1836, word came that Mexican President
491:
1760:
Texian Iliad â A Military History of the Texas Revolution
1272:
Hispanic Texian Patriots in the Struggle for Independence
273:, a town about 70 miles (110 km) east of BĂ©xar.
2310:
2255:
2171:
1865:
1212:"San Jacinto Museum of History - The Kemp Sketches"
237:began in October 1835, Antonio Menchaca joined the
124:
112:
96:
91:
75:
63:
44:
21:
1803:
331:On April 18, the Texian army reached the ashes of
1270:, also on the school's Board of Regents website:
1737:Coalson, George O., "Menchaca, Jose Antonio ",
241:, enrolling in a cavalry company under Captain
1966:Antonio LĂłpez Aguado y Villafuente (3rd time)
1954:Antonio LĂłpez Aguado y Villafuente (2nd time)
1839:
1676:
1674:
1660:
1658:
1656:
8:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1520:
1518:
790:Jose Sebastian Pacheco (aka Luciano Granado)
1499:
1497:
1460:
1458:
1370:
1368:
1846:
1832:
1824:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
977:Republic of Texas service post-San Jacinto
18:
1762:, Austin, TX: University of Texas Press,
1412:
1410:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1246:. University of Texas Press. p. 90.
286:who had founded Gonzales. There he found
216:Please consider summarizing the material.
1227:. Pelican Publishing. pp. 260â262.
472:for all or part of their service in the
1293:
173:in January 1800 in the municipality of
2033:Francisco Flores de Abrego (3rd time)
2027:Francisco Flores de Abrego (2nd time)
488:, the rallying point for volunteers.
7:
1743:, Texas State Historical Association
1225:Tejanos in the 1835 Texas Revolution
813:Manuel Arocha (aka Manuel de Arocha)
452:Tejanos who served under Juan SeguĂn
2595:Military personnel from San Antonio
2232:José Miguel de Arciniega (2nd time)
458:Tejano volunteers under Juan SeguĂn
421:Menchaca became a spokesperson for
1924:Antonio LĂłpez Aguado y Villafuente
14:
2065:Vicente Ferrer Enriquez de Amador
400:Congress of the Republic of Texas
315:Texas Declaration of Independence
2050:Juan José de la Santa (2nd time)
1972:Luis Antonio Menchada (2nd time)
1891:Antonio de los Santos (2nd time)
466:volunteers under the command of
198:
29:
2140:José Antonio Saucedo (3rd time)
2118:Manuel MarĂa Barrera (2nd time)
2107:José Antonio Saucedo (2nd time)
1533:Harding (1994), pp. 200â1.
2600:People of the Texas Revolution
2383:Wilhelm Carl August Thielepape
2152:Juan MarĂa Zambrano (2nd time)
2098:José Félix Menchaca (5th time)
2074:José Félix Menchaca (4th time)
2056:José Félix Menchaca (3rd time)
2030:Toribio de la Fuente FernĂĄndez
2024:José Félix Menchaca (2nd time)
846:Fernando Curvier (aka Curbier)
1:
2248:JosĂ© MarĂa Salinas (4th time)
2240:JosĂ© Ăngel Navarro (2nd time)
2223:JosĂ© MarĂa Salinas (3rd time)
2205:JosĂ© MarĂa Salinas (2nd time)
2077:Salvador RodrĂguez (2nd time)
1788:, University of Texas Press,
1216:San Jacinto Museum of History
1030:Antonio Curvier (aka Curbier)
951:Manuel Antonio Santiago Tarin
852:Lucio Enriquez (aka Enriques)
843:Antonio Curvier (aka Curbier)
557:Antonio Curvier (aka Curbier)
363:The Texian army made camp at
2590:Politicians from San Antonio
2428:William L. Richter (Pro Tem)
1223:MacDonald, L. Lloyd (2009).
849:Matias Curvier (aka Curbier)
258:to Seguin's isolated ranch.
35:Portrait of Antonio Menchaca
2419:Frederick Terrell (Pro Tem)
2158:Francisco Flores (2nd time)
2083:Manuel de Arocha (2nd time)
1969:Juan José Flores (2nd time)
1942:Juan José Padrón (2nd time)
1810:, Republic of Texas Press,
251:Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
2626:
2297:Francis Guilbeau (Pro Tem)
2053:SimĂłn de Arocha (2nd time)
2042:Francisco Javier RodrĂguez
2007:Domingo Delgado (2nd time)
1996:Francisco Flores de Abrego
1802:Moore, Stephen L. (2004),
1266:Texas A & M professor
2425:Bryan Callaghan Jr. (3rd)
2413:Bryan Callaghan Jr. (2nd)
2407:Henry Elmendorf (Pro Tem)
2121:Manuel Delgado (5th time)
2089:Manuel Delgado (4th time)
2039:Manuel Delgado (3rd time)
2021:Manuel Delgado (2nd time)
1542:Hardin (1994), pp. 201â5.
213:and excessively detailed.
132:
87:
52:
40:
28:
2481:A. C. (Jack) White (2nd)
2401:A. I. Lockwood (Pro Tem)
2227:José Antonio de la Garza
2220:Jose Miguel de Arciniega
2209:Juan MartĂn de Veramendi
2198:Juan MartĂn de Veramendi
2136:José Antonio de la Garza
2017:Vicente Ălvarez Travieso
1976:Ignacio Lorenzo de Armas
1914:Antonio RodrĂguez Medero
1900:Ignacio Lorenzo de Armas
1452:Moore (2004), pp. 55â60.
1262:Republic of Texas Claims
1191:Antonio Hernandez Zavala
145:and was recognized by a
2585:People of Spanish Texas
2434:Albert Steves (Pro Tem)
2270:William H. Daingerfield
2215:Gaspar Flores de Abrego
2192:Gaspar Flores de Abrego
2155:Francisco Montes de Oca
2125:Gaspar Flores de Abrego
1963:MartĂn Lorenzo de Armas
1957:José Curbelo (3rd time)
1945:José Curbelo (2nd time)
1927:Juan José Montes de Oca
1167:Guadalupe de los Santos
706:Miguel (Margil) Salinas
70:William H. Daingerfield
2244:Francisco Antonio Ruiz
2188:Manuel Yturri Castillo
1628:Hardin (1994), p. 213.
1614:Hardin (1994), p. 211.
1524:Hardin (1994), p. 209.
1260:Texas State Archives,
944:Jose Antonio RodrĂguez
614:JosĂ© MarĂa de la Garza
128:Soldier and politician
2449:Phil Wright (Pro Tem)
2367:Samuel Maverick (2nd)
2343:Charles F. King (3rd)
2331:Charles F. King (2nd)
2086:Juan José de la Garza
2036:Juan José de la Santa
1948:Luis Antonio Menchaca
1879:Antonio de los Santos
1637:Moore (2004), p. 367.
1605:Moore (2004), p. 325.
1596:Moore (2004), p. 316.
1587:Moore (2004), p. 313.
1578:Moore (2004), p. 312.
1569:Moore (2004), p. 292.
1560:Moore (2004), p. 298.
1551:Moore (2004), p. 291.
1512:Moore (2004), p. 247.
1503:Moore (2004), p. 242.
1491:Moore (2004), p. 241.
1482:Moore (2004), p. 240.
1473:Moore (2004), p. 238.
1464:Moore (2004), p. 234.
1170:Nicolas de los Santos
1027:Antonio Cruz y Arocha
985:Miguel Arcieniega Jr.
910:José Antonio Menchaca
837:Antonio Cruz y Arocha
804:Battle of San Jacinto
767:Alexandro de la Garza
760:José Gregorio Esparza
756:Antonio Cruz y Arocha
617:Marcelino de la Garza
611:Alexandro de la Garza
570:José Gregorio Esparza
554:Antonio Cruz y Arocha
432:James Pearson Newcomb
376:Battle of San Jacinto
267:William Barret Travis
265:. Alamo co-commander
169:Menchaca was born in
139:José Antonio Menchaca
2493:Walter W. McAllister
2455:C. K. Quin (Pro Tem)
2364:James R. Sweet (2nd)
2358:J. H. Beck (Pro Tem)
2322:Bryan Callaghan, Sr.
2095:José Antonio Saucedo
2092:Manuel MarĂa Barrera
2071:RamĂłn de las Fuentes
1443:Moore (2004), p. 48.
1434:Moore (2004), p. 43.
1425:Moore (2004), p. 29.
1416:Moore (2004), p. 19.
1309:Moore (2004), p. 18.
1122:José Luciano Navarro
1118:José Antonio Navarro
1114:Pedro Flores Morales
935:Damacio de los Reyes
879:Jose Polinio Lavjina
744:Juan Antonio Badillo
521:Juan Antonio Badillo
413:MexicanâAmerican War
175:San Antonio de BĂ©xar
103:San Antonio de BĂ©xar
47:Mayor of San Antonio
2605:American Freemasons
2490:J. Edwin Kuykendall
2398:Bryan Callaghan Jr.
2311:U.S. State of Texas
2143:JosĂ© MarĂa Zambrano
2062:Francisco de Arocha
2004:José Félix Menchaca
1984:Bernabé de Carbajal
1268:Wallace L. McKeehan
1143:Francisco RodrĂguez
1009:Nemecio de la Cerda
732:Battle of the Alamo
658:José Domingo Losoya
620:Paulino de la Garza
16:Texas revolutionary
2610:Tejano politicians
2475:A. C. (Jack) White
2391:Francois P. Giraud
2355:J. M. Devine (3rd)
2346:J. M. Devine (2nd)
2202:Juan José Zambrano
2185:JosĂ© MarĂa Salinas
2181:JosĂ© Ăngel Navarro
2129:Francisco Travieso
2080:JosĂ© Roberto NĂșñez
2046:Salvador RodrĂguez
1918:Patricio RodrĂguez
1859:San Antonio, Texas
1756:Hardin, Stephen L.
1140:Ambrosio RodrĂguez
1081:JosĂ© MarĂa Landera
941:Ambrosio RodrĂguez
929:Nepomuceno Navarro
873:Jose Maria Jimenez
825:Juan MarĂa Cabrera
779:Jose Maria Jimenez
750:Juan MarĂa Cabrera
718:Esteban Villarreal
691:Ambrosio RodrĂguez
682:Juan José Palacios
679:Nepomuceno Navarro
644:Blas MarĂa Herrera
641:Gregorio HernĂĄndez
527:Clemente Bustillos
367:, on the banks of
311:Convention of 1836
263:siege of the Alamo
155:San Antonio, Texas
119:San Antonio, Texas
2562:
2561:
2499:Charles L. Becker
2379:J. H. Lyons (2nd)
2334:S. S. Smith (2nd)
2256:Republic of Texas
2146:Domingo Bustillos
1981:Francisco Delgado
1740:Handbook of Texas
1335:Handbook of Texas
1277:Handbook of Texas
1203:
1202:
1182:JosĂ© MarĂa ValdĂ©z
1111:Francisco Morales
1057:Nepomuceno Flores
1012:Agapito Cervantes
897:JosĂ© MarĂa Mancha
861:Nepomuceno Flores
840:Francisco Cuellar
834:Cayetano Castillo
810:JosĂ© MarĂa Arocha
747:JosĂ© MarĂa Arocha
703:Francisco Salinas
673:Francisco Miranda
667:JosĂ© MarĂa Mancha
638:Eduardo HernĂĄndez
635:Antonio HernĂĄndez
539:Agapito Cervantes
517:PlĂĄcido Benavides
510:JosĂ© MarĂa Arocha
481:Republic of Texas
326:Susanna Dickinson
231:
230:
151:Republic of Texas
136:
135:
2617:
2487:R. N. White, Sr.
2472:Alfred Callaghan
2466:C. K. Quin (2nd)
2437:Clinton G. Brown
2422:John P. Campbell
2275:Antonio Menchaca
2149:Francisco Flores
2132:Clemente Delgado
2068:Manuel de Arocha
2059:Ignacio Calvillo
2010:JoaquĂn Menchaca
1960:Juan José Flores
1936:Juan José Padrón
1848:
1841:
1834:
1825:
1820:
1809:
1798:
1780:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1724:
1717:
1711:
1704:
1698:
1691:
1685:
1678:
1669:
1662:
1651:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1492:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1453:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1405:
1398:
1392:
1385:
1379:
1372:
1363:
1356:
1350:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1310:
1307:
1257:
1238:
1219:
1188:Marcos Veramendi
1161:Antonio Sambraño
1096:Gabriel Martinez
1075:Manuel HernĂĄndez
1051:Manuel N. Flores
1039:Ignacio Espinoza
1033:Nicholas Delgado
1006:Ignacio Castillo
1003:Mariano Carbajal
982:Eusebio Almaguez
923:Hipolito Montoya
920:Crecensio Montez
891:Martin Maldonado
855:Manuel N. Flores
831:Gabriel Casillas
793:Marcos Veramendi
770:Brigido Guerrero
715:Francisco Valdéz
700:Esmerigeldo Ruiz
632:Brigido Guerrero
629:Gabriel Gonzalez
602:Guadalupe GarcĂa
578:Manuel N. Flores
574:Ignacio Espinoza
513:Juan José Arocha
492:
475:Texas Revolution
235:Texas Revolution
226:
223:
217:
202:
201:
194:
190:Texas Revolution
147:Joint Resolution
143:Texas Revolution
116:November 1, 1879
92:Personal details
78:
66:
57:
33:
23:Antonio Menchaca
19:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2539:Phil Hardberger
2534:Edward D. Garza
2478:Sam Bell Steves
2469:Gus B. Mauerman
2410:Henry Elmendorf
2395:James H. French
2349:John M. Carolan
2325:Charles F. King
2312:
2306:
2281:Samuel Maverick
2257:
2251:
2173:
2167:
2101:TomĂĄs de Arocha
2000:SimĂłn de Arocha
1993:Jacinto Delgado
1987:Domingo Delgado
1886:Juan Leal Goraz
1875:Juan Leal Goraz
1867:
1861:
1852:
1818:
1801:
1796:
1783:
1770:
1754:
1746:
1744:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1727:
1718:
1714:
1705:
1701:
1692:
1688:
1679:
1672:
1663:
1654:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1408:
1399:
1395:
1386:
1382:
1373:
1366:
1357:
1353:
1344:
1340:
1332:
1313:
1308:
1295:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1254:
1241:
1235:
1222:
1210:
1204:
1185:Juan Vallanceon
1164:Antonio Sanches
1152:Cristobal Rubio
1134:JosĂ© MarĂa Rios
1131:Eduardo Ramirez
1105:Manuel Montalvo
1099:Manuel Martinez
1060:Salvador Flores
1042:Antonio Estrada
1021:SimĂłn Contreras
1015:Augustin Chaves
1000:Pedro Camarillo
994:Anselmo Bergara
991:Antonio Benites
971:
961:Andres Varcinas
955:Antonio Treviño
938:Eduardo Ramirez
917:Manuel Montalvo
894:TomĂĄs Maldonado
867:Salvador Flores
828:Cesario Carmona
797:
774:Damacio Jiménez
764:Antonio Fuentes
753:Cesario Carmona
725:
685:Eduardo Ramirez
654:Damacio Jiménez
650:Toribio Herrera
623:Francisco GĂłmez
599:Clemente GarcĂa
596:Casimiro GarcĂa
590:Manuel Gallardo
587:Antonio Fuentes
583:Salvador Flores
460:
459:
454:
440:Menchaca was a
392:
322:Edward Burleson
301:Salvador Flores
288:Edward Burleson
227:
221:
218:
215:
203:
199:
192:
167:
117:
101:
82:Samuel Maverick
76:
64:
58:
53:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2623:
2621:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2567:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2529:Howard W. Peak
2526:
2521:
2516:
2510:
2508:Henry Cisneros
2505:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2462:Maury Maverick
2459:
2456:
2453:
2452:C. M. Chambers
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2416:Marshall Hicks
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2404:George Paschal
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2388:
2385:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2361:A. A. Lockwood
2359:
2356:
2353:
2352:James R. Sweet
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2340:J. S. McDonald
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2314:
2313:(1844âpresent)
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2241:
2238:
2233:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2177:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2164:(from July 25)
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2014:
2013:Amador Delgado
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1990:Miguel Gortari
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1951:Manuel Delgado
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1911:
1908:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1799:
1795:978-0292748651
1794:
1781:
1768:
1752:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1712:
1699:
1686:
1670:
1652:
1639:
1630:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1571:
1562:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1514:
1505:
1493:
1484:
1475:
1466:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1406:
1393:
1380:
1364:
1351:
1338:
1311:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1264:
1258:
1253:978-0292748651
1252:
1239:
1234:978-1589806382
1233:
1220:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1149:Mariano Romano
1147:
1146:Juan RodrĂguez
1144:
1141:
1138:
1137:Cayetano Rivas
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1108:Manuel Montate
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1093:Juan Maldonado
1091:
1088:
1087:Cayetano Lerma
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1066:Damacio Galban
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1048:Eusibio Farias
1046:
1045:Manuel Estrada
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
988:Andre BĂĄrcinas
986:
983:
973:
969:
968:
967:Vicente Zepeda
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
926:Antonio Olivas
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
907:
904:
903:Tomas Martinez
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
819:Andre BĂĄrcinas
817:
814:
811:
799:
795:
794:
791:
788:
785:
783:Toribio Losoya
780:
777:
771:
768:
765:
762:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
727:
723:
722:
719:
716:
713:
712:Agapito Tejado
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
664:Juan Maldonado
662:
661:Toribio Losoya
659:
656:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
580:
575:
572:
567:
564:
563:Francisco DĂaz
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
548:Ciriaco Contes
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
533:Pablo Casillas
531:
530:Mateo Casillas
528:
525:
522:
519:
514:
511:
508:
505:
498:Siege of BĂ©xar
490:
461:
457:
456:
455:
453:
450:
391:
388:
357:Sidney Sherman
229:
228:
222:September 2023
206:
204:
197:
191:
188:
166:
163:
134:
133:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
114:
110:
109:
98:
94:
93:
89:
88:
85:
84:
79:
73:
72:
67:
61:
60:
50:
49:
42:
41:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2622:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2555:
2554:Ron Nirenberg
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2544:Julian Castro
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2524:Bill Thornton
2522:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2513:Lila Cockrell
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2503:Lila Cockrell
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2446:John W. Tobin
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2309:
2302:
2301:John W. Smith
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2286:John W. Smith
2284:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2265:John W. Smith
2263:
2262:
2260:
2254:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2172:Mexican Texas
2170:
2163:
2162:Erasmo SeguĂn
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2115:Ignacio PĂ©rez
2114:
2112:
2111:Ăngel Navarro
2109:
2106:
2104:Ignacio PĂ©rez
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1882:Manuel de Niz
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1866:Spanish Texas
1864:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1819:
1817:1-58907-009-7
1813:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1797:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1769:0-292-73086-1
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1742:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1285:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1179:Ramon Trevino
1178:
1176:Gregorio Sota
1175:
1173:Juan Sombraña
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1078:Felipe Jaimes
1077:
1074:
1072:Vicente Garza
1071:
1069:Leandro Garza
1068:
1065:
1063:Agapio Gaitan
1062:
1059:
1056:
1054:Martin Flores
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1018:Antonio Conix
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
980:
979:
978:
974:
972:
966:
964:Juan Zambrano
963:
960:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:Pablo Salinas
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
911:
908:
905:
902:
900:Juan Martinez
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
882:Narcisco Leal
881:
878:
875:
872:
870:Pedro Herrera
869:
866:
863:
860:
858:Martin Flores
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
816:SimĂłn Arreola
815:
812:
809:
808:
807:
806:
805:
800:
798:
792:
789:
786:
784:
781:
778:
776:(aka Ximenes)
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
741:SimĂłn Arreola
740:
738:Juan Abamillo
737:
736:
735:
734:
733:
728:
726:
720:
717:
714:
711:
709:Pablo Salinas
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
688:Vicente Ramos
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
670:Pablo Mansolo
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
655:
652:
649:
647:Pedro Herrera
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
573:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
551:Julian Contes
550:
547:
544:
542:Carlos ChacĂłn
541:
538:
536:Luis Castañon
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
504:Juan Abamillo
503:
502:
501:
500:
499:
494:
493:
489:
487:
483:
482:
477:
476:
471:
470:
465:
451:
449:
447:
443:
438:
435:
433:
428:
424:
419:
416:
414:
409:
403:
401:
397:
389:
387:
383:
379:
377:
372:
370:
369:Buffalo Bayou
366:
361:
358:
354:
350:
349:Buffalo Bayou
345:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
302:
298:
297:
291:
289:
285:
284:
279:
274:
272:
268:
264:
259:
256:
252:
248:
247:Alamo Mission
244:
240:
236:
225:
214:
212:
207:This section
205:
196:
195:
189:
187:
185:
180:
176:
172:
171:Spanish Texas
165:Personal life
164:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
131:
127:
123:
120:
115:
111:
108:
104:
99:
95:
90:
86:
83:
80:
74:
71:
68:
62:
56:
51:
48:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
2519:Nelson Wolff
2484:R. L. Lester
2387:S. G. Newton
2376:O. Cleveland
2337:J. M. Devine
2319:Edward Dwyer
2274:
1930:José Curbelo
1921:Antonio Sosa
1910:Juan Delgado
1905:Juan Curbelo
1895:Juan Curbelo
1805:
1785:
1759:
1745:, retrieved
1739:
1721:Introduction
1720:
1715:
1708:Introduction
1707:
1702:
1695:Introduction
1694:
1689:
1682:Introduction
1681:
1666:Introduction
1665:
1648:Introduction
1647:
1642:
1633:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1583:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1529:
1508:
1487:
1478:
1469:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1402:Introduction
1401:
1396:
1389:Introduction
1388:
1383:
1376:Introduction
1375:
1360:Introduction
1359:
1354:
1347:Introduction
1346:
1341:
1334:
1283:
1243:
1224:
1215:
1205:
1197:
1194:Jesus Zavala
1155:Antonio Ruiz
1125:Jacinto Peña
1090:Manuel Lopez
1036:Polonio DĂaz
1024:Trinidad Coy
997:Manuel Bueno
976:
975:
970:
958:Esteban Uran
932:Jacinto Peña
876:Juan Jimenez
864:Pedro Flores
822:Manuel Bueno
802:
801:
796:
730:
729:
724:
697:Antonio Ruiz
608:Simon GarcĂa
605:Jesus GarcĂa
560:Domingo DĂaz
545:Miguel Cilba
524:Manuel Bueno
507:José Alamedo
496:
495:
479:
473:
467:
462:
439:
436:
426:
422:
420:
417:
404:
395:
393:
384:
380:
373:
362:
351:and move to
346:
341:Henry Karnes
330:
319:
305:
294:
292:
281:
278:Green DeWitt
275:
260:
232:
219:
208:
184:John Glanton
168:
138:
137:
77:Succeeded by
54:
2580:1879 deaths
2575:1797 births
2443:O. B. Black
2440:Sam C. Bell
2431:A. H. Jones
2373:J. H. Lyons
2370:P.L. Buquor
2328:S. S. Smith
2292:Juan SeguĂn
2258:(1836â1844)
2236:Juan SeguĂn
2174:(1821â1836)
1933:Mateo PĂ©rez
1868:(1731â1821)
1158:Franco Ruiz
1128:James Quina
1102:Miguel Mata
1084:Xavier Lazo
914:Jose Molina
906:Miguel Mata
888:Pedro Lopez
787:Andrés Nava
721:JosĂ© ZĂșñiga
694:RamĂłn Rubio
676:Andrés Nava
626:JesĂșs GĂłmez
593:Pedro Gaona
566:Julian DĂaz
469:Juan SeguĂn
430:in 1907 by
408:Adrian Woll
390:Later years
307:Sam Houston
255:James Bowie
243:Juan Seguin
239:Texian Army
159:Adrian Woll
65:Preceded by
2569:Categories
2549:Ivy Taylor
2496:John Gatti
2458:C. K. Quin
2229:(2nd time)
2217:(3rd time)
2211:(2nd time)
2194:(2nd time)
1978:(2nd time)
1907:(2nd time)
1888:(2nd time)
1747:January 5,
1719:Menchaca,
1706:Menchaca,
1693:Menchaca,
1680:Menchaca,
1664:Menchaca,
1646:Menchaca,
1400:Menchaca,
1387:Menchaca,
1374:Menchaca,
1358:Menchaca,
1345:Menchaca,
1288:References
885:Juan Lopez
337:Deaf Smith
333:Harrisburg
283:empresario
233:After the
125:Profession
2277:(Pro Tem)
1939:José Leal
1333:Coalson,
1206:Sources:
442:Freemason
365:Lynchburg
353:Lynchburg
161:in 1842.
107:New Spain
59:1838â1839
55:In office
1778:29704011
1758:(1994),
1723:, p. 22.
1710:, p. 21.
1697:, p. 17.
1684:, p. 13.
1668:, p. 14.
1650:, p. 12.
1391:, p. 10.
486:Gonzales
478:and the
446:Manchaca
271:Gonzales
211:too long
1731:Sources
1404:, p. 9.
1378:, p. 7.
1362:, p. 5.
1349:, p. 4.
423:Tejanos
396:Tejanos
209:may be
179:Spanish
149:of the
1855:Mayors
1814:
1792:
1776:
1766:
1250:
1231:
1198:
464:Tejano
448:also.
427:Tejano
296:Tejano
280:, the
45:107th
2515:(2nd)
2303:(3rd)
2294:(2nd)
2288:(2nd)
1812:ISBN
1790:ISBN
1774:OCLC
1764:ISBN
1749:2015
1248:ISBN
1229:ISBN
339:and
113:Died
100:1797
97:Born
1857:of
2571::
1772:,
1673:^
1655:^
1619:^
1517:^
1496:^
1457:^
1409:^
1367:^
1314:^
1296:^
1214:.
434:.
415:.
105:,
1847:e
1840:t
1833:v
1256:.
1237:.
1218:.
224:)
220:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
