31:
204:
75:
50:
2377:
449:
435:
1889:
479:, and on the Antarctic islands. They nest on snow-free cliffs and rock faces, on the coast or on offshore islands. However, they have been found up to 250 km inland. Another common roosting spot is icebergs. Breeding colonies during the October–November breeding period, can be as large as more than 200,000 pairs.
519:
of the parent petrel dictates the amount of food it provides to its chick. Provisioning by parent petrels depends on both their own body condition and their chick's needs. Parent petrels in better body condition were more likely to have a chick that survived, and were able to increase the amount of
279:
On the 17th, in the forenoon, we crossed the antarctic circle, and advanced into the southern frigid zone, which had hitherto remained impenetrable to all navigators. Some days before this period we had seen a new species of petrel, of a brown colour, with a white belly and rump, and a large white
401:. Although the nostrils on the petrels are on the top of the upper bill. The bills of Procellariiformes are also unique in that they are split into between seven and nine horny plates. On petrels, one of these plates forms the hooked portion of the upper bill. They produce a
504:
The
Antarctic petrel breeding period is during October–November. Each pair lays a single egg, which they incubate for 45–48 days after which there is a 42-47 day nestling period. Both members of the pair incubate the egg, 4% of pairs are female-female.
466:
on the wings are white with brown tips. These are medium-sized relative to other petrels with a wingspan of 100–110 cm (39–43 in), a length of 40–45 cm (16–18 in), and an average weight of 675 g (23.8 oz).
495:
The petrel's diet is mainly krill, squid and small fish. Food is usually seized when the bird is on the surface but they also plunge-dive to obtain food, diving up to a depth of 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in).
532:
This petrel has an estimated occurrence range of 77,500,000 km (29,922,917 sq mi) and between 10 and 20 million adult birds. Due to its huge range and large numbers, it has been classified by the
417:. This can be sprayed out of their mouths as a defence against predators and as an energy rich food source for chicks and for the adults during their long flights. Finally, they also have a
280:
spot on the wings, which we now named the antarctic petrel, as we saw great flights of twenty on thirty of them hereabouts, of which we shot many that unfortunately never fell into the ship.
421:
that is situated above the nasal passage and helps desalinate their bodies, due to the high amount of ocean water that they imbibe. It excretes a high saline solution from their nose.
1040:
884:. Vol. 8, Birds I: Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins. Joseph E. Trumpey, Chief Scientific Illustrator (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. pp. 107–111.
938:
2622:
2820:
616:
A voyage towards the South Pole, and round the world : performed in His
Majesty's ships the Resolution and Adventure, in the years 1772, 1773, 1774, and 1775
534:
2661:
2800:
1276:
2583:
880:
Double, M. C. (2003). "Procellariiformes (Tubenosed
Seabirds)". In Hutchins, Michael; Jackson, Jerome A.; Bock, Walter J.; Olendorf, Donna (eds.).
2635:
653:
285:
2707:
1003:
975:
808:
798:
742:
482:
They occasionally migrate to
Australia or New Zealand in late winter. Unfortunately, this tends to occur when they're caught in a bad storm.
701:
Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
639:
A Voyage Round the World, in His
Britannic Majesty's Sloop, Resolution, Commanded by Capt. James Cook, During the Years 1772, 3, 4, and 5
1032:
2596:
1070:
922:
889:
833:
2815:
2759:
1269:
356:
and the story of his walking on water. This is in reference to the petrel's habit of appearing to run on the water to take off.
2570:
991:
2640:
30:
2810:
1254:
1209:"Regulation of food provisioning in the Antarctic petrel; the importance of parental body condition and chick body mass"
2508:
2456:
1262:
675:
293:
268:
74:
858:
2434:
763:
2666:
2601:
1133:
2474:
968:
Handbook of
Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds. Volume 1: Ratites to ducks; Part A, Ratites to petrels
2805:
695:
516:
301:
193:
2376:
1208:
393:
members. They share certain identifying features. First, they have nasal passages that attach to the upper
2495:
2396:
956:
2733:
2513:
734:
Priority! The Dating of
Scientific Names in Ornithology: a Directory to the literature and its reviewers
176:
591:
1707:
724:(in German). Vol. 1. Dresden und Leipzig: Expedition Vollständigsten Naturgeschichte. p. vi.
2764:
2686:
2557:
2487:
2443:
1888:
728:
39:
2233:
1776:
1380:
2751:
1995:
1848:
1783:
1677:
1533:
1440:
1331:
1186:
1125:
932:
715:
326:
153:
69:
2738:
2316:
2264:
2087:
2060:
2050:
1981:
1500:
1480:
1430:
826:
Latin Names
Explained A Guide to the Scientific Classifications of Reptiles, Birds & Mammals
321:
and cited the earlier authors. The
Antarctic petrel is now the only species placed in the genus
2627:
2448:
2111:
2004:
1930:
1686:
914:
637:
614:
2720:
2653:
2531:
2461:
2077:
2018:
1951:
1906:
1762:
1623:
1228:
1178:
1117:
999:
971:
918:
885:
829:
804:
738:
370:
126:
2725:
1693:
1643:
1249:
1220:
1170:
1109:
767:
704:(in Latin). Vol. 1 Part 2 (13th ed.). Lipsiae : Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 565.
657:
586:
509:
360:
203:
2500:
2128:
1207:
Tveraa, Torkild; Sether, Bernt‐Erik; Aanes, Ronny; Erikstad, Kjell Einar (September 1998).
2694:
1738:
1603:
610:
521:
367:
310:
1098:"Molecular Evidence for Extrapair Paternity and Female-Female Pairs in Antarctic Petrels"
568:
2777:
2676:
2347:
2330:
2207:
1965:
1748:
1723:
1159:"Thermoregulatory abilities in chicks of the Antarctic Petrel (Thalassoica antarctica)"
1062:
907:
476:
414:
390:
363:
136:
1096:
Lorentsen, Svein-Hȧkon; Amundsen, Trond; Anthonisen, Kristin; Lifjeld, Jan T. (2000).
2794:
2648:
1797:
1663:
1543:
1224:
732:
633:
577:
538:
410:
330:
315:
305:
272:
59:
54:
1190:
719:
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508:
Eggs have a 70-90% hatching rate. The two main causes of egg loss were predation by
2536:
2306:
2187:
2162:
2118:
2027:
1974:
1815:
1769:
1755:
1613:
1511:
1470:
382:
2575:
2523:
448:
434:
462:
is dark brown and the feet are grey. The underparts are white and their tail and
2746:
2609:
2428:
2361:
2323:
2299:
2285:
2247:
2176:
2139:
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2101:
1869:
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1325:
771:
606:
515:
Antarctic petrel chicks rely on their parents for food as well as warmth. The
418:
345:
275:
mentioned the petrel in their separate accounts of the voyage. Forster wrote:
264:
2419:
1232:
1182:
1121:
2278:
2169:
1838:
1563:
1294:
619:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). London: W. Strahan and T. Cadell. p. 257.
524:
experiment. Chicks become thermally independent after day 11 post-hatching.
406:
398:
353:
341:
314:
in 1789 he included a brief description of the
Antarctic petrel, coined the
86:
256:. They feed while swimming but can dive from both the surface and the air.
664:(in French). Vol. 9. Paris: De l'Imprimerie Royale. pp. 311–313.
458:
The adult Antarctic petrel has a brown head, sides, throat, and back. The
2699:
2413:
2354:
2271:
2240:
2155:
2148:
2067:
1831:
1583:
1410:
1400:
1313:
850:
684:. Vol. 3 part 2. London: Printed for Leigh and Sotheby. p. 400.
237:
106:
824:
Gotch, A. F. (1995) . "Albatrosses, Fulmars, Shearwaters, and Petrels".
2588:
2482:
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2223:
1593:
1490:
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1174:
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463:
386:
2469:
1573:
1553:
1390:
1307:
1290:
1158:
642:. Vol. 1. London: B. White, P. Elmsly, G. Robinson. p. 108.
288:
included the petrel as "Le pétrel antarctique ou Damier brun" in his
233:
96:
2614:
2549:
2390:
1113:
475:
The Antarctic petrel, as its name implies, lives and breeds in the
2544:
970:. Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. pp. 384–391.
253:
245:
2562:
2712:
1319:
459:
394:
249:
116:
2394:
1904:
1344:
1258:
913:(First ed.). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. pp.
1157:
Bech, Claus; Mehlum, Fridtjof; Haftorn, Svein (1991-08-01).
905:
Ehrlich, Paul R.; Dobkin, David, S.; Wheye, Darryl (1988).
389:, are considered to be a different subclade from the other
271:
to the south Pacific. In 1773 both Cook and the naturalist
284:
Based on these reports in 1783 the French French polymath
731:; Overstreet, L.K.; Dowsett, R.J.; Bruce, M.D. (2011).
440:
Antarctic petrel off of the Western Antarctic Peninsula
998:(6th ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
325:
that was introduced in 1853 by the German naturalist
2343:
2312:
2260:
2229:
2124:
2107:
2083:
2073:
2056:
2046:
2015:
1992:
1962:
1947:
1936:
1926:
1844:
1734:
1704:
1674:
1659:
1649:
1639:
1629:
1619:
1609:
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1589:
1579:
1569:
1559:
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1496:
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2186:
2138:
2037:
2014:
1991:
1961:
1917:
1814:
1733:
1703:
1673:
1510:
1357:
512:, and an egg rolling out of the nest and freezing.
906:
592:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697875A132610289.en
828:. New York, NY: Facts on File. pp. 191–192.
996:The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World
535:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1270:
8:
937:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
800:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
737:. Northampton, UK: Aves Press. p. 134.
236:, found in Antarctica, most commonly in the
2391:
1914:
1901:
1670:
1354:
1341:
1277:
1263:
1255:
955:Marchant, S.; Higgins, P.G., eds. (1990).
232:) is a boldly marked dark brown and white
202:
48:
29:
20:
950:
948:
803:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 383.
628:
626:
590:
2602:antarctic-petrel-thalassoica-antarctica
550:
520:food they gave to a smaller chick in a
1202:
1200:
1152:
1150:
930:
851:"Procellariidae. Shearwaters, Petrels"
658:"Le Pétrel Antarctique ou Damier brun"
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
359:The Antarctic petrel is placed in the
286:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
2821:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin
1091:
1089:
1087:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
861:from the original on 15 February 2009
778:. International Ornithologists' Union
758:
756:
754:
7:
2687:3bae584b-2233-4515-8395-b5a2e2a1caeb
721:Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie
2801:IUCN Red List least concern species
578:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
292:. The species was also included by
882:Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia
14:
2375:
1887:
1225:10.1046/j.1365-2656.1998.00234.x
776:IOC World Bird List Version 11.2
654:Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
567:BirdLife International. (2018).
447:
433:
340:meaning "house". The species is
267:saw the Antarctic petrel on his
73:
1136:from the original on 2021-08-02
1073:from the original on 2021-03-03
1043:from the original on 2021-03-18
726:For the publication date see:
662:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
329:. The genus name combines the
290:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
1:
373:. This petrel along with the
300:. When the German naturalist
849:Tree of Life (27 Jun 2008).
681:A General Synopsis of Birds
298:A General Synopsis of Birds
2837:
797:Jobling, James A. (2010).
2373:
1913:
1900:
1885:
1353:
1340:
1302:
1213:Journal of Animal Ecology
585:: e.T22697875A132610289.
348:are recognised. The word
210:
201:
182:
175:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1297:and their extinct allies
1067:New Zealand Birds Online
1061:Miskelly, C. M. (2013).
855:Tree of Life Web Project
696:Gmelin, Johann Friedrich
471:Distribution and habitat
260:Taxonomy and systematics
2816:Birds described in 1789
1250:Antarctic petrel photos
517:physiological condition
302:Johann Friedrich Gmelin
2778:Thalassoica-antarctica
2475:thalassoica-antarctica
2462:Thalassoica_antarctica
2449:Thalassoica_antarctica
2435:Thalassoica antarctica
2405:Thalassoica antarctica
959:Thalassoica antarctica
772:"Petrels, albatrosses"
571:Thalassoica antarctica
413:that is stored in the
319:Procellaria antarctica
282:
229:Thalassoica antarctica
186:Thalassoica antarctica
2734:Paleobiology Database
1037:www.antarctica.gov.au
277:
244:. They eat Antarctic
1039:. 16 February 2017.
909:The Birders Handbook
770:, eds. (July 2021).
2811:Birds of Antarctica
1678:Palaeospheniscinae
716:Reichenbach, Ludwig
336:meaning "sea" with
40:Conservation status
1332:Austrodyptornithes
1175:10.1007/BF00238456
1063:"Antarctic petrel"
1033:"Antarctic petrel"
766:; Donsker, David;
327:Ludwig Reichenbach
265:Captain James Cook
168:T. antarctica
2788:
2787:
2721:Open Tree of Life
2397:Taxon identifiers
2388:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2371:
2370:
2019:Tytthostonychidae
1907:Procellariiformes
1896:
1895:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1763:Archaeospheniscus
1624:Palaeoapterodytes
1005:978-0-8014-4501-9
977:978-0-19-553068-1
961:Antarctic Petrel"
810:978-1-4081-2501-4
768:Rasmussen, Pamela
744:978-0-9568611-1-5
510:South polar skuas
371:Procellariiformes
220:
219:
157:
127:Procellariiformes
63:
24:Antarctic petrel
2828:
2781:
2780:
2768:
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2741:
2729:
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2677:antarctic-petrel
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2488:535186178E86447B
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2126:
2109:
2085:
2075:
2058:
2048:
2017:
1994:
1964:
1949:
1938:
1928:
1915:
1902:
1891:
1846:
1736:
1708:Paraptenodytinae
1706:
1694:Palaeospheniscus
1676:
1671:
1661:
1651:
1644:Pseudaptenodytes
1641:
1631:
1621:
1611:
1601:
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1237:
1236:
1204:
1195:
1194:
1154:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1108:(4): 1042–1047.
1093:
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621:
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611:Furneaux, Tobias
603:
597:
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564:
537:as a species of
491:Food and feeding
451:
437:
352:is derived from
224:Antarctic petrel
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78:
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57:
52:
51:
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21:
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2695:Observation.org
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2427:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2399:
2389:
2380:
2367:
2202:
2182:
2134:
2033:
2010:
1987:
1957:
1909:
1892:
1875:
1810:
1739:Palaeeudyptinae
1729:
1699:
1669:
1604:Marambiornopsis
1506:
1349:
1347:Sphenisciformes
1336:
1298:
1283:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1156:
1155:
1148:
1139:
1137:
1114:10.2307/4089648
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1094:
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1076:
1074:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1046:
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1031:
1030:
1013:
1006:
992:Clements, James
990:
989:
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811:
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745:
729:Dickinson, E.C.
727:
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694:
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669:
652:
651:
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632:
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605:
604:
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522:cross-fostering
502:
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311:Systema Naturae
262:
216:
212:
197:
190:
184:
171:
151:
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
2834:
2832:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2806:Procellariidae
2803:
2793:
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2785:
2783:
2782:
2769:
2756:
2743:
2730:
2717:
2704:
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2671:
2658:
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2632:
2619:
2606:
2593:
2580:
2567:
2554:
2541:
2528:
2518:
2505:
2492:
2479:
2466:
2453:
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2425:
2409:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2348:Pterodromoides
2341:
2334:
2331:Pseudobulweria
2327:
2320:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2227:
2220:
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270:
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55:Least Concern
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2117:
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2026:
2003:
1980:
1975:Diomedeoides
1973:
1950:
1939:
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1918:
1868:
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1854:
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1837:
1830:
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1816:Spheniscinae
1803:
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1777:Marambiornis
1775:
1770:Delphinornis
1768:
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1756:Anthropornis
1754:
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1614:Marplesornis
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1512:Spheniscidae
1499:
1489:
1479:
1471:Sequiwaimanu
1469:
1459:
1449:
1439:
1429:
1419:
1409:
1399:
1389:
1381:Aprosdokitos
1379:
1369:
1358:
1324:Infraclass:
1216:
1212:
1166:
1162:
1138:. Retrieved
1105:
1101:
1075:. Retrieved
1066:
1056:
1045:. Retrieved
1036:
995:
986:
967:
958:
908:
900:
881:
875:
863:. Retrieved
854:
844:
825:
819:
799:
792:
780:. Retrieved
775:
733:
720:
710:
700:
690:
680:
676:Latham, John
670:
661:
648:
638:
615:
601:
582:
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263:
252:, and small
242:Weddell Seas
228:
227:
223:
221:
185:
183:
167:
166:
147:
146:
18:
2747:SeaLifeBase
2610:iNaturalist
2429:Wikispecies
2362:Thalassoica
2324:Procellaria
2286:Macronectes
2248:Calonectris
2177:Pelagodroma
2140:Oceanitidae
2095:Phoebastria
2039:Diomedeidae
1996:Marinavidae
1941:Lonchodytes
1849:Madrynornis
1825:Aptenodytes
1805:Platydyptes
1791:Pachydyptes
1784:Mesetaornis
1717:Arthrodytes
1524:Crossvallia
1461:Petradyptes
1441:Orthopteryx
1421:Muriwaimanu
1371:Arthrodytes
1295:albatrosses
782:30 December
764:Gill, Frank
607:Cook, James
464:secondaries
425:Description
405:made up of
403:stomach oil
379:Cape petrel
375:snow petrel
323:Thalassoica
294:John Latham
215: range
154:Reichenbach
148:Thalassoica
2795:Categories
2773:Xeno-canto
2338:Pterodroma
2317:Primodroma
2293:Pachyptila
2265:Eopuffinus
2217:Aphrodroma
2197:Hydrobates
2102:Phoebetria
2088:Notoleptos
2061:Diomedavus
2051:Aldiomedes
1982:Rupelornis
1870:Spheniscus
1863:Pygoscelis
1856:Megadyptes
1654:Tasidyptes
1634:Perudyptes
1501:Wimanornis
1481:Tonniornis
1451:Pakudyptes
1431:Nucleornis
1326:Neognathae
1285:Genera of
1140:2021-08-02
1077:2021-08-02
1047:2021-08-02
545:References
419:salt gland
407:wax esters
385:, and the
346:subspecies
194:Gmelin, JF
2300:Pagodroma
2279:Halobaena
2170:Oceanites
2112:Plotornis
2005:Marinavis
1931:Kievornis
1839:Eudyptula
1687:Eretiscus
1564:Icadyptes
1306:Kingdom:
1233:0021-8790
1183:1432-2056
1122:0004-8038
933:cite book
486:Behaviour
399:naricorns
354:St. Peter
342:monotypic
162:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
2654:22697875
2628:11120410
2563:45512102
2501:22697875
2496:BirdLife
2414:Wikidata
2355:Puffinus
2272:Fulmarus
2241:Bulweria
2156:Garrodia
2149:Fregetta
2078:Murunkus
2068:Diomedea
1952:Makahala
1832:Eudyptes
1584:Inkayacu
1411:Kupoupou
1401:Kumimanu
1314:Chordata
1312:Phylum:
1308:Animalia
1287:penguins
1191:30123748
1134:Archived
1071:Archived
1041:Archived
994:(2007).
859:Archived
718:(1853).
698:(1789).
678:(1785).
656:(1783).
636:(1777).
613:(1777).
500:Breeding
334:thalassa
304:updated
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
2589:2481513
2550:antpet1
2524:antpet1
2483:Avibase
2420:Q771949
2255:Daption
2224:Ardenna
1594:Kairuku
1491:Waimanu
1330:Clade:
1318:Class:
1291:petrels
1130:4089648
1102:The Auk
397:called
387:fulmars
366:of the
296:in his
196:, 1789)
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
2765:212639
2739:372688
2726:656580
2713:212639
2684:NZOR:
2674:NZBO:
2641:174608
2571:EURING
2470:ARKive
1574:Inguza
1554:Korora
1391:Kaiika
1293:, and
1231:
1189:
1181:
1128:
1120:
1002:
974:
921:
888:
865:18 Mar
832:
807:
741:
528:Status
381:, the
377:, the
361:family
350:petrel
234:petrel
213:
156:, 1853
2760:WoRMS
2752:73470
2700:73580
2667:79659
2623:IRMNG
2576:20020
2545:eBird
2537:55ZMF
2521:BOW:
2514:90179
2129:Tydea
1187:S2CID
1126:JSTOR
964:(PDF)
917:–31.
368:order
344:: no
338:oikos
254:squid
246:krill
2708:OBIS
2662:NCBI
2649:IUCN
2636:ITIS
2615:4202
2584:GBIF
2509:BOLD
1534:Dege
1320:Aves
1229:ISSN
1179:ISSN
1118:ISSN
1000:ISBN
972:ISBN
939:link
919:ISBN
886:ISBN
867:2009
830:ISBN
805:ISBN
784:2021
739:ISBN
583:2018
460:bill
409:and
395:bill
250:fish
240:and
238:Ross
222:The
117:Aves
2597:IBC
2558:EoL
2532:CoL
2457:AFD
2444:ADW
1221:doi
1171:doi
1110:doi
1106:117
587:doi
308:'s
2797::
2775::
2762::
2749::
2736::
2723::
2710::
2697::
2664::
2651::
2638::
2625::
2612::
2599::
2586::
2573::
2560::
2547::
2534::
2511::
2498::
2485::
2472::
2459::
2446::
2431::
2416::
1289:,
1227:.
1217:67
1215:.
1211:.
1199:^
1185:.
1177:.
1167:11
1165:.
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