42:
297:. The case was first dismissed by the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York on the grounds that applying Section 2 (a federal law) to state felon-disenfranchisement law "would upset the sensitive relation between federal and state criminal jurisdiction." They cited then-recent Court precedent which required that laws which sought to change any balance between state and federal governments must explicitly say so in writing. In 2005 the case was argued again in front of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, which agreed to rehear the case alongside
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unrelated robberies, but NYPD linked him to a fingerprint reportedly found at the scene. The first trial of the men ended in a hung jury, with the second in 1975 resulting his conviction on two counts of first-degree murder and sentenced to life imprisonment with possible parole after 22 years. The charges against the Torres brothers were thrown out due to lack of evidence, while
Muntaqim, Washington and Bell were convicted and sentenced to 25-to-life based on new testimony by Ruben Scott, a
2036:
227:
in the Black
Panther Party. These convictions were part of a larger FBI program known as Operation NEWKILL, which aimed at casting a nationwide dragnet to track down and imprison members of the Black Liberation Army through total cooperation and sharing of information between the FBI and local police
217:
Muntaqim and Albert “Nuh” Washington were arrested and charged with the May 21, 1971 killings of two NYPD officers, P.O. Joseph
Piagentini and P.O. Waverly Jones. Muntaqim and Washington were arrested in San Francisco, reportedly with Jones' revolver in their possession. Police alleged that Muntaqim
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via internal poll. The Second
Circuit ruled that due to Muntaqim being initially incarcerated in California under different charges, and only later transferred to New York where he has never voted nor had the right to vote at any time, they lacked the jurisdiction to hear the case and must dismiss.
325:
in order to obtain confessions. The SF Police
Officer Association president at the time, Gary P. Delagnes, responded by stating “Regardless of how this confession was obtained, these seven people murdered a police officer in 1971.” Charges were dropped against six of the eight accused between 2008
222:
despite
Jackson's death taking place 3 months after the NYPD officers were killed. Brothers Francisco and Gabriel Torres were arrested after police were tipped that they had been in contact with Muntaqim and Washington soon after the murders. A few years later in 1973, Herman Bell was arrested for
143:
on May 21. In 1975, he was convicted on two counts of first-degree murder and sentenced to life imprisonment with possible parole after 22 years. Muntaqim had been the subject of attention for being repeatedly denied parole despite having been eligible since 1993. In June 2020, Muntaqim was
346:
publicized his opposition to granting
Muntaqim parole, stating, “Anthony Bottom's crime is unforgivable, and its consequences will remain forever with the families of the police officers, as well as the men and women of the New York City Police Department.” Councilman
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In 1999 the investigation into the death of San
Francisco police officer John V. Young was re-opened, costing the city over $ 2 million but eventually leading to charges being filed against eight former BLA members in 2007, including Muntaqim. Members of the
200:
solidified
Muntaqim's beliefs that armed resistance was necessary to combat racism and the oppression of Black individuals in society. While a member of the Black Panther Party, Muntaqim held beliefs which paralleled those of the underground organization the
240:, who inspired him to convert to Islam and take on the name Jalil Abdul Muntaqim. The English translation of Muntaqim is "avenger." He never made a legal name change. He was involved in the National Prisoners Afrikan Studies Project, an organization that
374:
finally approved him for release, and his supporters confirmed that he left prison on
October 7, 2020. Muntaqim was the last of the "New York Three" to leave prison. Herman Bell had already been paroled in 2018 and Albert “Nuh” Washington died of
628:
Wolf, Paul; et al. (Robert Boyle, Bob Brown, Tom Burghardt, Noam Chomsky, Ward Churchill, Kathleen Cleaver, Bruce Ellison, Cynthia McKinney, Nkechi Taifa, Laura Whitehorn, Nicholas Wilson, and Howard Zinn.) (2001).
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Muntaqim remained politically active throughout his incarceration, writing theoretical texts as well as organizing with activists both inside and outside prison. While incarcerated, he met fellow Black revolutionaries
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in the United States. During his 49 years of incarceration, Muntaqim and other Black Panthers imprisoned as part of Operation NEWKILL were widely described as political prisoners, including by the
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834:"Jalil Abdul Muntaqim, A/k/a Anthony Bottom, Plaintiff-appellant, v. Phillip Coombe, Anthony Annucci, Louis F. Mann, Defendants-appellees.docket No. 01-7260-cv, 449 F.3d 371 (2d Cir. 2006)"
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alerted the Monroe County DA on the matter, deeming Muntaqim a "danger to society". He was charged with two felony counts and the lesser offense of providing a false affidavit, but the
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786:"Jalil Abdul Muntaqim, Also Known As Anthony Bottom, Plaintiff-appellant, v. Phillip Coombe, Anthony Annucci, and Louis F. Mann, Defendants-appellees, 366 F.3d 102 (2d Cir. 2004)"
390:. This registration form had been provided alongside other documents given to Muntaqim as part of his release from prison and re-integration into society. Then-county GOP Chair
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317:, who needed to approve the $ 2 million appropriation for the investigation and legal fees, requested that the charges be dropped against the remaining defendants, citing
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650:"Millennials Are Killing Capitalism: "We Charge Genocide, Again" - Jalil Muntaqim on The Spirit of Mandela Tribunal, Political Prisoners, and a Life in Struggle"
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and other left-wing organizations believed he should be paroled, others, mainly law enforcement, opposed his release. In 2002, former New York City mayor
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366:. He attempted to gain release based on public health guidance advising the release of medically vulnerable people, but New York state attorney general
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and was often recruited to play the voice of and engage in “speak outs” on behalf of the organization. He was also involved in street protests against
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Muntaqim had a hearing with the parole board on November 17, 2009, and was again denied parole and remained incarcerated. He was transferred from
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127:(BLA) who served 49 years in prison for two counts of first-degree murder. In August 1971, he was arrested in California along with
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near Elmira, New York, in early January, 2017. In June 2020, Muntaqim was reported to be under treatment in a prison hospital for
209:. Its members served as experts in military strategy and were “the essential armed wing of the above-ground political apparatus.”
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449:"Former Black Liberation Army Activist Granted Parole After 49 Years and Numerous Requests, Impending Release Sparks Backlash"
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challenged the appeal, and the courts struck down a judge's order mandating his release. Within a few months, however, the
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177:. Drawn to the civil rights activism during the 1960s, Muntaqim joined and began organizing for the
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Imprisoned Intellectuals: America’s Political Prisoners Write on Life, Liberation and Rebellion
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The day after his release, Muntaqim filled out a voting registration form despite
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181:(NAACP) during his teenage years. In high school he played an active role in the
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859:"50 Years On: The Ingleside Police Station Ambush and the Black Liberation Army"
351:, a self-described Black revolutionary, is one of Muntaqim's active advocates.
1986:
1966:
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932:"Adding Charm to Revolution; But Some Say Charles Barron Risks Going Too Far".
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985:"Grand jury refuses to indict parolee Jalil Muntaqim on voter fraud charges"
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and Washington had committed the act in retaliation for the killing of
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in return for greatly reduced sentences (time served plus probation).
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119:; October 18, 1951) is a political activist and former member of the
738:"Black August - A Celebration of Freedom Fighters Past and Present"
737:
271:. The United States government does not recognize the existence of
92:
958:"Police Unions Fight To Rescind Parole For Former Black Panther"
921:"Mayor Opposes Parole for Man In 1971 Killings of Two Officers".
136:
27:
American activist convicted of murder, former political prisoner
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2142:
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by New York (state)
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police officers, Waverly Jones and Joseph A. Piagentini, in
810:"Baker v. Pataki, 85 F.3d 919 | Casetext Search + Citator"
609:"After 47 Years Behind Bars, Will Jalil Muntaqim Go Free?"
497:. 1st edn. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield. 2003.
179:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
673:
National Conference of Black Lawyers (3 December 2010).
539:
Black Liberation Army Study Guide + Political Dictionary
283:
In 1994, Muntaqim (representing himself) challenged the
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not being eligible to vote due to his felony conviction
2117:
American people convicted of murdering police officers
2079:
Escaping the Prism.. Fade to Black: Poetry and Essays.
169:
Jalil Abdul Muntaqim was born Anthony Jalil Bottom in
467:"The Eleventh Parole Hearing of Jalil Abdul Muntaqim"
2066:
We Are Our Own Liberators: Selected Prison Writings.
675:"UNITED STATES POLITICAL PRISONERS/PRISONERS OF WAR"
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880:"On the Unjust Prosecution of the San Francisco 8"
2112:American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
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2022:Revolutionary People's Constitutional Convention
2068:Arissa Media Group, 2nd expanded edition 2010.
905:2nd guilty plea in 1971 killing of S.F. officer
205:, which focused on militant means of obtaining
2137:People convicted of murder by New York (state)
1869:The Black Panthers: Vanguard of the Revolution
713:"Why the PPSC exists | National Lawyers Guild"
556:"When will atonement come for Jalil Muntaqim?"
1824:Charles Garry: Streetfighter in the Courtroom
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638:. Congressional Black Caucus. pp. 61–64.
585:"Jalil A. Muntaqim: The making of a movement"
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105:Citizen Action of New York Rochester Chapter
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654:millennialsarekillingcapitalism.libsyn.com
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420:"Jalil Muntaqim should not die in prison"
1758:Black Power, We're Goin' Survive America
541:. Black Liberation Army. pp. 1–47.
489:
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198:assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
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273:political prisoners within its borders
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632:COINTELPRO: The Untold American Story
7:
2127:Members of the Black Liberation Army
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460:
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326:and 2011. Muntaqim and Bell offered
261:National Conference of Black Lawyers
165:Early life and political development
135:and charged with the killing of two
1530:Lowndes County Freedom Organization
398:in the case refused to indict him.
2132:Members of the Black Panther Party
983:Andreatta, David (30 March 2021).
956:Law, Victoria (26 February 2019).
465:Gross, Daniel (January 25, 2019).
447:Harrison, Ishek (4 October 2020).
379:in April 2000 in New York State's
315:San Francisco Board of Supervisors
25:
2152:People paroled from life sentence
2003:Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song
1738:Revolutionary Black Panther Party
882:. August 27, 2009. Archived from
766:United States Department of State
207:Black national self-determination
2035:
2034:
1962:1968 Olympics Black Power salute
742:Center for Constitutional Rights
269:Center for Constitutional Rights
192:At the age of 18, he joined the
2147:People from Oakland, California
1791:Eldridge Cleaver, Black Panther
1723:New Afrikan Black Panther Party
1510:Deacons for Defense and Justice
1226:Jalil Muntaqim (Anthony Bottom)
762:"Voices of Political Prisoners"
381:Coxsackie Correctional Facility
360:Southport Correctional Facility
1982:New Haven Black Panther trials
1818:In the Event Anyone Disappears
1672:Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi
857:O'Hair, Amy (28 August 2021).
583:Muntaqim, Jalil (2017-11-06).
537:Black Liberation Army (1977).
418:Black, Hannah (June 1, 2020).
255:to recognize the existence of
1:
1733:New Panther Vanguard Movement
1708:Black Riders Liberation Party
1713:Black Women's Defense League
1579:United Front Against Fascism
1464:Akua Njeri (Deborah Johnson)
513:On the Black Liberation Army
356:Attica Correctional Facility
285:disenfranchisement of felons
1877:Judas and the Black Messiah
1561:Free Breakfast for Children
964:. The Justice Collaborative
249:National Prisoners Campaign
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1977:Murder of Betty Van Patter
1805:The Murder of Fred Hampton
1784:Interview with Bobby Seale
151:He was portrayed by actor
2107:Activists from California
2030:
863:Sunnyside History Project
516:. Abraham Guillen Press.
39:
1764:Black Panthers: A Report
1602:American Indian Movement
1367:Michael "Cetewayo" Tabor
989:Rochester City Newspaper
942:NY State Inmate locator
510:Muntaqim, Jalil (2002).
247:In 1976, he founded the
1839:All Power to the People
1728:New Black Panther Party
1718:Huey P. Newton Gun Club
1622:Black Panthers (Israel)
1302:Marshall "Eddie" Conway
1196:Elbert "Big Man" Howard
213:Arrest and imprisonment
129:Albert “Nuh” Washington
1853:A Huey P. Newton Story
1637:George Jackson Brigade
1627:British Black Panthers
1607:Black Guerrilla Family
1191:Raymond "Masai" Hewitt
693:Cite journal requires
589:San Francisco Bay View
560:Democrat and Chronicle
265:National Lawyers Guild
1928:Revolutionary Suicide
1703:Black Panther Militia
1612:Black Liberation Army
1549:Programs and projects
1393:Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin
1362:Russell Maroon Shoatz
203:Black Liberation Army
158:Badge of the Assassin
155:in the 1985 TV movie
144:reportedly sick with
125:Black Liberation Army
101:Black Liberation Army
2081:Kersplebedeb, 2015.
2017:Black power movement
1992:Rice–Poindexter case
1944:Black Against Empire
1798:Finally Got the News
1751:Films and television
117:Anthony Jalil Bottom
113:Jalil Abdul Muntaqim
56:Anthony Jalil Bottom
34:Jalil Abdul Muntaqim
2042:Black Panther Party
1677:White Panther Party
1657:Polynesian Panthers
1408:Robert Hillary King
1327:Denise Oliver-Velez
1036:Black Panther Party
886:on February 8, 2012
364:Coronavirus disease
257:political prisoners
194:Black Panther Party
183:Black Student Union
171:Oakland, California
121:Black Panther Party
97:Black Panther Party
73:Oakland, California
1812:Teach Our Children
1698:Assata's Daughters
1540:Robert F. Williams
1480:Stokely Carmichael
1347:George W. Sams Jr.
1287:Veronza Bowers Jr.
1176:Barbara Easley-Cox
1126:JoNina Abron-Ervin
334:Parole and release
319:the use of torture
290:Muntaqim v. Coombe
2051:
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1746:
1745:
1667:The Pink Panthers
1574:Rainbow Coalition
1567:The Black Panther
1556:Ten-Point Program
1493:
1492:
1282:Dhoruba bin Wahad
1221:Joan Tarika Lewis
1141:William Lee Brent
308:Second conviction
295:Voting Rights Act
244:on their rights.
110:
109:
16:(Redirected from
2159:
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2038:
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1997:Robert Templeton
1972:Intercommunalism
1955:Related articles
1936:A Taste of Power
1861:Night Catches Us
1617:Black Liberators
1592:
1515:W. E. B. Du Bois
1372:James Dixon York
1255:East Coast based
1119:West Coast based
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1077:Eldridge Cleaver
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323:right to counsel
300:Hayden v. Pataki
251:to petition the
242:educates inmates
225:police informant
187:police brutality
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1423:Herman Wallace
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1381:Southern based
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1352:Afeni Shakur
1342:Nile Rodgers
1337:Alex Rackley
1307:Jamal Joseph
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1211:Bobby Hutton
1201:John Huggins
1186:Reggie Forte
1156:Mark Comfort
1131:Richard Aoki
1092:Fred Hampton
1072:Elaine Brown
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1652:Ngā Tamatoa
1569:(newspaper)
1505:Black power
1418:Malik Rahim
1413:Pete O'Neal
1161:Aaron Dixon
1056:Bobby Seale
946:cut: BOTTOM
944:DIN=77A4283
717:www.nlg.org
392:Bill Napier
133:Herman Bell
2096:Categories
1987:Panther 21
1967:COINTELPRO
1691:Subsequent
1647:I Wor Kuen
1498:Influences
1454:Bobby Rush
1444:Mark Clark
1398:Mark Essex
1312:Chaka Khan
1231:Pat Parker
1146:Ed Bullins
1087:Donald Cox
1065:Leadership
962:The Appeal
890:August 23,
843:2023-09-05
838:Justia Law
819:2023-09-05
795:2023-09-05
790:Justia Law
771:2023-09-05
747:2023-09-05
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659:2023-08-29
614:2023-09-05
594:2023-09-05
566:2023-08-29
523:1894925130
402:References
396:grand jury
267:, and the
196:after the
81:Occupation
62:1951-10-18
2040:Category|
1535:Malcolm X
1181:Kent Ford
968:7 October
476:March 12,
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1044:Founders
146:COVID-19
84:Activist
1831:Panther
1109:Members
429:June 1,
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2006:(1971)
1947:(2013)
1939:(1992)
1931:(1973)
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1778:Mayday
1774:(1968)
1766:(1968)
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1473:Others
909:SFGate
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115:(born
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1896:Books
907:(via
678:(PDF)
636:(PDF)
328:pleas
93:NAACP
2083:ISBN
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970:2020
892:2023
699:help
518:ISBN
478:2019
431:2020
236:and
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