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of the larva and to the gastrodermal cells of the adult. This method of acquiring zooxanthellae is unusual. In tropical seas zooxanthellae are frequently liberated into the sea by symbiotic invertebrates and occur in the faeces of predators feeding on symbiotic cnidarians. This means that there is
277:
organisms and provide the sea anemone with nutrients and energy, the products of photosynthesis. This type of arrangement is common in corals and sea anemones in nutrient-deficient tropical seas but is rare in temperate waters, which tend to be nutrient-rich. Researchers have found that the ova
224:
has a broad base up to 5 cm (2 in) across and a trumpet-shaped column up to 10 cm (4 in) high. The surface of the column bears forty-eight longitudinal rows of small warts, each tipped with red. The oral disc is wide and there are up to 96 tapering tentacles arranged in five
225:
whorls. These are retractable to a limited extent and are flecked with white. The colouring of this species is variable, being some shade of red or yellow, with the tentacles sometimes having an iridescent green sheen. The warts are non-adhesive. This is in contrast to the closely related
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zooxanthellae just before spawning takes place. The zooxanthellae are restricted to one side of the ovum and during the rearrangement of tissues that takes place during the development of the embryo into a
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as they burrow, under boulders and in other concealed locations. It is sometimes attached to pebbles and shells and may be semi-immersed in sand or mud.
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little need for maternal transfer of symbionts. This is not the case in temperate seas where free-living zooxanthellae are scarce.
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is native to northeastern
Atlantic Ocean and the coasts of Western Europe. It is found on rocky coasts from the
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down to depths of about 25 metres (82 ft). It usually occurs in crevices, in the holes made by
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440:"Early Development and Acquisition of Zooxanthellae in the Temperate Symbiotic Sea Anemone
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at low tide, showing the distinctive warts on its trumpet-shaped column. Brittany, France.
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Coelenterate
Biology 2003: Trends in Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora
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Fautin, Daphne G.; Westfall, Jane A.; Cartwright, P. (7 November 2007).
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202:. It is found in shallow water in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean.
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302:, with individuals being either male or female. It is a
503:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 242.
233:), which has gravel or debris adhering to the column.
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Marine
Biological Association of the United Kingdom
273:and are commonly known as zooxanthellae. They are
267:living inside the tissues. These are species of
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438:Davy, Simon K.; Turner, John R. (2003).
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364:
287:, the zooxanthellae are confined to the
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314:The name honours the Irish naturalist
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406:Eales, Nellie Barbara (March 2003).
409:Littoral Fauna of the British Isles
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349:World Register of Marine Species
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382:Marine Life Information Network
1:
412:. CUP Archive. p. 43.
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748:Animals described in 1851
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56:Scientific classification
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39:
30:
23:
237:Distribution and habitat
187:, commonly known as the
448:The Biological Bulletin
377:: Red speckled anemone"
335:Fautin, Daphne (2014).
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195:of sea anemone in the
278:become infected with
263:contains unicellular
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371:Ager, Olwen (2008).
189:red speckled anemone
49:Sagartia troglodytes
16:Species of cnidarian
231:Anthopleura thallia
535:Anthopleura ballii
442:Anthopleura ballii
375:Anthopleura ballii
339:Anthopleura ballii
261:Anthopleura ballii
242:Anthopleura ballii
222:Anthopleura ballii
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215:Anthopleura ballii
184:Anthopleura ballii
165:Anthopleura ballii
45:Anthopleura ballii
25:Anthopleura ballii
730:
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689:Open Tree of Life
527:Taxon identifiers
510:978-1-4020-2762-8
419:978-0-521-04862-0
304:broadcast spawner
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341:(Cocks, 1851)"
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454:(1): 66–72.
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390:. Retrieved
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270:Symbiodinium
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103:Hexacorallia
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702:SeaLifeBase
598:iNaturalist
316:Robert Ball
206:Description
134:Anthopleura
743:Actiniidae
737:Categories
392:2015-02-02
354:2015-02-02
322:References
300:gonochoric
200:Actiniidae
123:Actiniidae
113:Actiniaria
550:Q13429855
310:Etymology
296:A. ballii
141:Species:
79:Kingdom:
73:Eukaryota
616:11338052
544:Wikidata
476:12917223
444:(Cocks)"
289:endoderm
280:maternal
250:piddocks
119:Family:
93:Cnidaria
89:Phylum:
83:Animalia
69:Domain:
47:right –
590:4283488
484:1733891
468:1543446
256:Biology
193:species
191:, is a
175:, 1851)
129:Genus:
109:Order:
99:Class:
720:100809
694:372102
681:100809
668:187461
655:329427
629:204174
603:477396
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197:family
715:WoRMS
707:83515
611:IRMNG
577:20809
572:EUNIS
564:5VFK7
480:S2CID
464:JSTOR
345:WoRMS
173:Cocks
676:OBIS
650:NCBI
624:ITIS
585:GBIF
505:ISBN
472:PMID
414:ISBN
637:NBN
559:CoL
456:doi
452:295
298:is
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
