Anti-English sentiment - Knowledge (XXG)

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oppressive control over India, exploiting its resources and people. The imposition of British culture, language, and education, along with economic policies that favoured British interests at the expense of Indian welfare, fuelled a sense of injustice and subjugation among Indians. Key events such as the 1857 Indian Rebellion, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919, and the economic hardships imposed by British policies during events like the Bengal Famine of 1943 intensified this animosity. Post-independence, Anglophobia has persisted in various forms, often manifesting as resistance to Western cultural dominance and the lingering impact of colonial attitudes in modern Indian society. This historical context has fostered a complex relationship with the English language and British cultural elements, where they are both integrated into Indian society and simultaneously viewed with suspicion or disdain by some. The legacy of colonial exploitation has left a deep imprint on India’s collective memory, contributing to a continued wariness of British influence in both political and cultural spheres.

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a defining feature of the Irish-American experience. Bolstered by their support of Irish nationalism, Irish-American communities have been staunchly anti-English since the 1850s, and this sentiment is fostered within the Irish-American identity. Irish immigrants arrived poor and within a generation or two prospered. Many subscribed cash from their weekly wage to keep up the anti-English agitation. Anglophobia was a common theme in Democratic Party politics. Irish-American newspapers, like the pro-Catholic

2746:. From 1886 to 1971 the GAA focused national pride into distinctly non-English activities. Members were forbidden to belong to organisations that played "English" games and the organisation countered the Anglicisation in Irish society. With the development in Ireland of Irish games and the arts, the Celtic revivalists and nationalists identified characteristics of what they defined as the "Irish Race". A nationalistic identity developed, as the opposite of the Anglo-Saxons and untainted by the 3038: 2061: 7846: 2969: 3927: 3364: 71: 3873: 7856: 3942: 3284:

blue and white team is usually a reason for collective joy, but a victory against the English is much more; it vibrates the national spirit, no matter how dejected it may be at the time. The playing field becomes the stage where society claims the almost two hundred years of usurpation of the Malvinas Islands.

2949:, there was a sentiment in Russia that England was behind Japan's militarism against Russia in the Far East, leading to a strained relationship between Britain and Russia. The UK and Russia were allies in World War I until the Bolshevik Revolution of 1918, and the capitalistic West became a target for the new 3117:

fall within the sights of disaffected populists. In more recent years, however, this has changed. When one thinks of wealth and influence in contemporary America, particularly when one considers those who have made their fortunes in the past thirty years, English culture does not immediately spring to mind.

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People here are very confused. On the one hand, there is economic Anglophobia about alleged British imperialism and exploitation; on the other, the Russophile extremists who have raised the banner of neutrality and indifference to the conflict; on the other, the Francophiles (Victoria Ocampo's group)

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community in the United States has historically shown antipathy towards Britain for its role in controlling Ireland. The large Irish Catholic element provided a major base for demands for Irish independence, and occasioned anti-British rhetoric, especially at election time. Anglophobia thus has been

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In 2009, a woman originally from England was assaulted in an allegedly anti-English racially motivated attack. Similar cases have been connected with football matches and tournaments, particularly international tournaments where the English and Scottish football teams often compete with each other. A

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notes that England "finds itself, in respect of its foreign policy, held up to obloquy as the type of egoism and selfishness; as a nation which thinks of nothing but of out-witting and out-generalling its neighbours" and urges his fellow countrymen against "the mania of professing to act from meaner

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The anti-British sentiment is perhaps one of the most widespread and rooted in our idiosyncrasy, to the point that it has become flesh in football, our most popular sport. “Against the English it is better”, and “He who does not jump is English”, are slogans shouted by millions. Each success of the

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In an age when the wealthiest and most influential Americans tended to be associated with things British—the vast majority were of Anglo-Saxon descent, wore English-tailored suits, drove British-made automobiles, and even spoke with affected British accents—it was quite natural for Great Britain to

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In 1998, 19 year-old apprentice mechanic Mark Ayton was punched to the ground and kicked to death by three youths. The father of the victim explicitly cited Ayton's English accent as a contributing factor in the attack. Court proceedings recorded the fact that the attackers were singing 'Flower of

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Scottish identity comes close to rivalling low levels of education as an influence towards Anglophobia. Beyond that, having an English friend reduces Anglophobia by about as much as having a Muslim friend reduces Islamophobia. And lack of knowledge about Islam probably indicates a broader rejection

3329:, in an interview granted to Jorge Fontevecchia on May 4, 2008, collected in Reportajes 2, alluded to the spread of Anglophobic sentiment in the years of the conflict, explainable "because many of the companies had been owned by the English" and attributed to this feeling the approach to Nazism of 2319:

In 2020, groups of Scottish nationalists picketed the English border, airports and railway stations sporting hazmat suits and dogs intent on stopping English people from crossing the England-Scotland border. The Scottish Secretary Alistair Jack accused Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon of

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The study goes on to say (of the English living in Scotland): "Few of the English (only 16 per cent) see the conflict between Scots and English as even 'fairly serious'." Hussain and Millar's study found that Anglophobia was slightly less prevalent than Islamophobia but that, unlike Islamophobia,

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in 1899 where Irish nationalism, anti-English and pro-Boer attitudes were one and the same. There was a pro-Boer movement in England as well but the English pro-Boer movement was not based on anti-English sentiments. These opposing views and animosity led the English and Irish pro-Boer groups to

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Anglophobia in India refers to the historical and contemporary resentment and distrust towards British influence and authority, rooted in the colonial legacy of British rule. This sentiment emerged during the British Raj, when the British East India Company and later the British Crown exerted

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There is no part of the world where anti-English influences worked so powerfully than in the United States. Almost every Irishman there is the son or grandson of an evicted tenant – evicted in all the horrors of the black 40s. And most of them have heard stories of them from their mother's

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In recent years, complaints about two newspaper articles blaming English tourists for littering a local beach and calling the English "Filthy Poms" in the headlines and "Poms fill the summer of our discontent", were accepted as complaints and settled through conciliation by the

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Anglophobia in Argentina has been studied by the historian Ema Cibotti in "Dear Enemies. From Beresford to Maradona, the true story of relations between the English and Argentines". In its prologue, entitled "Against the English it is better", the social historian states

1035: 3152:. These imparted both elements of the Irish-American performers' own national bias, and the popular stereotypical image that the English people were bourgeois, aloof, or upper class. Sentiments quickly turned into direct and violent action when in the 1860s the 2392:) were responsible for arson attacks on English-owned second homes in Wales from 1979 to 1994, motivated by cultural anti-English sentiment. Meibion Glyndŵr also attempted arson against several estate agents in Wales and England and against the offices of the 2714:

movement associated the search for a cultural and national identity with an increasing anti-colonial and anti-English sentiment. Anti-English themes manifested in national organisations seen as promoting native Irish values, with the emergence of groups like

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was the convergence of social and political objectives between the United Kingdom and the United States from 1895 until World War I began in 1914. The most notable sign of improving relations during the Great Rapprochement was Britain's actions during the

2197:, anti-English sentiment is rooted in Irish nationalism and hostility towards the Anglo-Irish community. Russia has seen waves of Anglophobia due to historical events and suspicions of British meddling. Argentina's anti-British sentiment is linked to the 3207:

Well into the early 20th century anti-English sentiment was increasing with famine memorials in the Irish-American communities, which "served as a wellspring for their obsessive and often corrosive antipathy," as noted in the British Parliament in 1915:

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Bay Race Equality Council said that "Devolution has brought a definite increase in anti-English behaviour" citing three women who believed that they were being discriminated against in their careers because they could not speak Welsh. In 2001

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when the newspapers published apologies. Letters and articles which referred to English people as "Poms" or "Pommies" did not meet the threshold for racial hatred. In 2007 a complaint to Australia's Advertising Standards Bureau about a

3015:, ratified in 1815 and ending the War of 1812, established peaceful relations for the two countries that has lasted more than two centuries, though this was stressed at times in the years following the treaty by events such as the 2309:

Scotland' which includes the lines 'And sent them homeward, Tae think again'; an allusion about ridding Scotland of the English, immediately prior to the attack. The attackers served less than a year in prison for the killing.

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In 2002, academic John Moser said that, although Anglophobia is now "almost completely absent" from American society, this was not always the case. He stated that "there were strains of Anglophobia present in virtually every

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The English and French were engaged in numerous wars in the following centuries. England's conflict with Scotland provided France with an opportunity to destabilise England and there was a firm friendship (known as the

2546:. From the 19th century, there were feelings among established Australians that many immigrants from England were poorly skilled, unwanted by their home country and unappreciative of the benefits of their new country. 3202:

State conventions put on an anti-English plank in their platforms to curry favor with the Irish (whom they want to keep) and the Germans whom they want to seduce. It is too disgusting to have to deal with such sordid

3308:, with the fall in export prices, will be the determining factors in the appearance of an Anglophobic sentiment linked to the rejection of neo-colonialism or British imperialism. This is what the Spanish pedagogue 6846: 1001: 4240: 3081:, since the perceived threat of American occupation and a territorial acquisition of Cuba by the United States might harm British trade and commercial interests within its own imperial possessions in the 4904: 4958: 3089:), the British abandoned this policy and ultimately sided with the United States, unlike most other European powers who supported Spain. In return the US government supported Britain during the 5832: 2419:

councillor, Terry Davies had been suspended for a rant of discriminatory xenophobia. Davies referred to two colleagues as "outsiders" after telling them that "Wales is for Welsh people."

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A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English: Colloquialisms and Catch Phrases, Fossilised Jokes and Puns, General Nicknames, Vulgarisms and Such Americanisms as Have Been Naturalised

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to provoke a United States-British war in hope it would lead to Irish independence. Violence is said to have included direct action by Fenian sympathisers, with the assassination of

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by some girls of Irish heritage from a convent school an act of disloyalty, where they were taught to reverence the traditions of the hereditary enemy of their race and religion.

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in the 1790s, who warned that close ties with Great Britain were especially dangerous because that nation was an enemy of American Republicanism. By contrast, the opposing

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maintain a distance from one another. Despite this, far more Irishmen joined various Irish Regiments of the British Army during this time, more so than pro-Boer commandos.

3407: 3861: 2855:, Ireland, with his wife. In August 2008 an English pipe fitter based in Dublin was awarded €20,000 for the racial abuse and discrimination he received at his workplace. 7730: 7113: 1915: 1276: 2710:. In post-famine Ireland, anti-English hostility was adopted into the philosophy and foundation of the Irish nationalist movement. At the turn of the 20th century, the 6550: 2047: 705: 3085:. However, after the United States made genuine assurances that it would grant Cuba's independence (which eventually occurred in 1902 under the terms dictated in the 4912: 4813: 2189:. In Australia and New Zealand, stereotypes of English immigrants as complainers have fueled such sentiment. France has historical conflicts with England, like the 3890: 3450: 6471: 4927: 4248: 618: 2743: 3105:, for example, "referring to England as a 'monster' that had 'seized upon the fresh energy of America and is steadily fixing its fangs into our social life.'" 2538:

complains about everything. Although the term is sometimes applied to British immigrants generally, it is usually applied specifically to the English, by both

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on a century of peace between America and Great Britain was criticised by the Irish-American press. In recent years American political commentators, such as

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formally recognized the Soviet Union and established diplomatic relations between the two countries. The two were allies again starting in 1941. During the

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into indicating Britain's support for the Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland. The deliberatly fabricated act forced Sackville-west to return to Britain.

2272:. One finding of the report suggested that national "phobias" have common roots independent of the nations they are directed towards. The study states that 7088: 6692: 6229: 1251: 847: 368: 4966: 2994: 2734:(GAA) was founded in 1884 as a counter-measure against the Anglo-Irish Athletic Association, which promoted and supervised British sports such as English 6376: 3848: 3031: 523: 4357: 3579: 3511: 5641:

Newman, Gerald. "Anti-French Propaganda and British Liberal Nationalism in the Early Nineteenth Century: Suggestions Toward a General Interpretation."

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In the final days of the 1888 presidential campaign, a Republican operative claiming to be a British immigrant in America named Charles F. Murchison

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community, the English are identified with British politicians and are sometimes resented for their perceived abandonment of loyalist communities.

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said that the proud English were sprung from "a horde of Baltic pirates who were never heard of in the greater annals of the world." In his essay "

4312: 2961:, Britain firmly sided with the West against the Soviet Union and the relationship between the two continues to remain dubious even today. Before 2660:) between France and Scotland from the late-thirteenth century to the mid-sixteenth century. The alliance eventually foundered because of growing 35: 3266: 2513: 2134:. Football matches and tournaments often see manifestations of anti-English sentiment, including assaults and attacks on English individuals. In 4241:"The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, Volume XXI - Essays on Equality, Law, and Education (Subjection of Women) - Online Library of Liberty" 3296:

in 1806 and 1807 or Mariano Moreno, among the independence leaders, supported policies similar to those of the British and the dispute over the

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that "hatred of England" was used as a tool to win the Irish-American vote. A similar observation was made in 1900 by U.S. Secretary of State

7859: 6450: 6381: 6114: 5910: 5058: 4055: 2750:. A sense of national identity and Irish distinctiveness as well as an anti-English assertiveness was reinforced to Catholics by teachers in 597: 528: 253: 4380: 3786: 3321:

who do not know what to do with the defection from France, and finally a small Anglophile minority, ready to help in the fight by all means.

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linguam anglicam, si conceptae iniquitatis proposito detestabili potestas correspondeat, quod Deus avertat, omnino de terra delere proponit

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slang word for the English, often combined with "whinging" (complaining) to make the expression "whingeing Pom" – an English immigrant who

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in some schools. The Not, the use of which was never government policy, was later described as a symbol of English cultural oppression.

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and anti-English incidents. Hussain and Millar's research suggested that Anglophobia had fallen slightly since the introduction of

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From Associates to Antagonists: The United States, Great Britain, the First World War, and the Origins of War Plan Red, 1914–1919

5037: 4851: 3305: 3195: 2758: 2335: 2294: 1670: 1499: 1393: 842: 732: 4737: 7885: 7880: 7083: 6594: 6351: 6154: 2886:. An anti-Queen demonstration was held at the GPO Dublin by a small group of Irish Republicans on 26 February 2011, and a mock 2819: 2600:, in which the "roastbeef" allegory is used as a mockery. Its popular use includes films, television shows and sketch comedies. 2495: 2033: 1246: 749: 498: 293: 6356: 4331: 2242:

wrote that "Welsh, Irish and Scottish nationalism have points of difference but are alike in their anti-English orientation".

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Frost, Jennifer. "Dissent and Consent in the" Good War": Hedda Hopper, Hollywood Gossip, and World War II Isolationism."

5492: 2469:(IRA) mainly attacked targets in Northern Ireland and England, not Scotland or Wales, although the IRA planted a bomb at 7041: 6989: 5965: 5935: 3905: 3458: 3112:, and reduced political support for Irish nationalist movements compared with that in earlier periods. Moser also said: 2727:" used past events to conclude that it was England, and furthermore that Irish people ought to "pay those devils back". 1204: 1152: 88: 4191: 3229:

blamed the mainland United Kingdom for the depopulation and desolate state of Ireland's industries. One newspaper, the

2945:, a wave of widespread Anglophobia took hold in Russia, with the fear of English meddling and intervention. During the 2843:(despite being a joint British-Irish production) have led to accusations of Anglophobia in the British press. In 2006, 2781:

It was not for the love of the Boer we were fighting; it was for the hatred of the English. (J. Donnolly letter to the

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planned to invade England and extinguish the English language, "a truly detestable plan which may God avert". In 1346,

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and intermittent hostilities between France and Britain, as distinct from England, continued during later centuries.

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in Scotland. Opposition to Protestantism became a major feature of later French Anglophobia (and conversely, fear of

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Anti-English feelings among Irish-Americans spread to American culture through Irish-American performers in popular

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Tuffnell, Stephen. ""Uncle Sam is to be Sacrificed": Anglophobia in Late Nineteenth-Century Politics and Culture."

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Otte, T. G. "From "War-in-Sight" to Nearly War: Anglo–French Relations in the Age of High Imperialism, 1875–1898."

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during a visit by the Queen in May 1981. The ancestry of most people in the Loyalist and Unionist communities is

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hit', and 'Low-life like you should be forced to live in fenced in sites, preferably back where you came from.'

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Hoerber, Thomas. "Prevail or perish: Anglo-German naval competition at the beginning of the twentieth century,"

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involved claimed violations against American neutrality by the United Kingdom during the Napoleonic Wars. The

3000: 2813: 2482: 2441:'vomit-inducing', and urged the occupant to 'take a few thousand, other people back with them'. The note which 1564: 1452: 1293: 1062: 991: 819: 774: 628: 508: 488: 418: 348: 224: 3590: 3522: 2706:, anti-English hostility was deep-seated and was manifested in increased anti-English hostility organised by 7849: 7678: 7658: 7520: 7510: 7468: 7098: 6939: 6801: 6771: 6766: 6746: 6709: 6644: 6629: 6562: 6535: 6520: 5928: 5375: 4704: 3932: 3895: 3437: 3387: 3061: 2950: 2393: 1863: 1843: 1697: 1687: 1645: 1261: 1102: 956: 926: 921: 901: 864: 799: 784: 717: 690: 675: 54: 5751: 4882: 7777: 7750: 7740: 7220: 7200: 7063: 6934: 6831: 6781: 6751: 6731: 6659: 6639: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6515: 6486: 6459: 6430: 6425: 6021: 6011: 5256: 3161: 2953:("Comintern."). In 1924, these tensions were briefly cooled when the Labour government of Prime Minister 2833: 2703: 2305:. In one incident a 7-year-old boy wearing an England shirt was punched in the head in an Edinburgh park. 2209: 1962: 1935: 1925: 1383: 1363: 1226: 1097: 986: 936: 906: 886: 814: 794: 769: 764: 759: 670: 633: 606: 577: 572: 152: 142: 31: 5408:

Martin Robson, "The UK and Argentina: Economic Interdependence, Informal Empire, or Just Good Friends?."

2146:, anti-English sentiment, arising from complex historical and political dynamics, was exemplified in the 7745: 7705: 7638: 7535: 7483: 7410: 7165: 6929: 6841: 6816: 6811: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6726: 6674: 6634: 6540: 6510: 6408: 6031: 5576: 4313:"Emigrate New Zealand" The Ping Pong Poms :: Immigrate New Zealand :: New Zealand Immigration" 3182: 3142:

which was founded in 1825 by an anti-English priest, were influential in the identity of the community.

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In 2011, tensions and anti-English or anti-British feelings flared in relation to the proposed visit of

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The pro-Boer movement gained widespread support in Ireland, and over 20,000 supporters demonstrated in

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of the early 15th century, Welsh nationalism has been primarily non-violent. The Welsh militant group

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Frederick, Suzanne Y. "The Anglo-German Rivalry, 1890–1914," pp. 306–336 in William R. Thompson, ed.

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having incited the incident by inaccurately using Covid statistics to stoke anti-English sentiment

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warned that the Jeffersonians were too sympathetic to the radicalism of the French Revolution. The

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https://global.oup.com/academic/product/poverty-and-famines-9780198284635?cc=us&lang=en&

2624:, began to consider England to be their primary domain and turned to the English language. King 2382: 7824: 7735: 7663: 7648: 7447: 7390: 7195: 7103: 6994: 6914: 6761: 6061: 5581:

Anglophobia in France, 1763–1789: an essay in the history of constitutionalism and nationalism

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Imperialism at Bay: The United States and the Decolonization of the British Empire, 1941–1945

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25 (1975) pp: 137–56; compares the views of idealists (pro-German) and realists (anti-German)

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George Brooks, "Anglophobia in the United States: Some Light on the Presidential Election."

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Slum children in New York City drilling under anti-English placards, "Yellow kid" cartoon by

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is widely perceived to give a British nationality to a disproportionate number of villains.

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William C. Reuter, "The Anatomy of Political Anglophobia in the United States, 1865–1900,"

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America for Americans: Economic Nationalism and Anglophobia in the Late Nineteenth Century

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and Irish nationalist who was against the invasion, although he was very critical of the

2895: 2851:, claimed he was the victim of anti-English vandalism and discrimination while living in 2526:" or "Pom" (probably derived from rhyming slang - pomegranate for immigrant) is a common 582: 5876: 5158: 4764: 3037: 2694:. Much of this was grounded in the hostility felt by the largely Catholic Irish for the 2060: 7797: 7755: 7725: 7715: 7633: 7626: 7611: 7601: 7437: 7373: 7315: 7310: 7295: 7078: 7073: 7068: 6954: 6889: 6413: 6386: 6239: 5951: 5225:

Newspapers and Empire in Ireland and Britain: Reporting the British Empire, c.1857-1921

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in Wales. The Welsh language was supplanted in many public spheres with the use of the

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Representing African Americans in Transatlantic Abolitionism and Blackface Minstrelsy

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Great Britain and the United States: A History of Anglo-American Relations, 1783–1952

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In the early years of the Republic, Anglophobia was particularly associated with the

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Despite having formed an alliance between the two nations since Tsarist rule, due to

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as the official language of England. In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the

2367: 2239: 2232:", written in May 1945 and published in the first issue of the intellectual magazine 2198: 2194: 2182: 2115: 1994: 1601: 1537: 1522: 1378: 1343: 1323: 1194: 1137: 1072: 455: 358: 2968: 2757:

A feeling of anti-English sentiment intensified within Irish nationalism during the

7643: 7530: 7358: 7325: 7305: 7235: 7225: 7205: 7185: 6821: 6719: 6714: 6445: 6420: 6284: 6224: 6189: 6159: 5042: 3874:"Minister accuses Nicola Sturgeon of inflaming tensions at English-Scottish border" 3250: 3243: 3169: 3020: 3016: 2891: 2859: 2852: 2844: 2751: 2739: 2669: 2590: 2531: 2462: 2312:

In 2017, former Scottish Journalist of the Year Kevin McKenna penned an article in

2265: 2151: 2142:

imposition and cultural suppression have contributed to anti-English sentiment. In

1828: 1707: 1527: 1494: 1474: 1398: 1388: 1368: 1348: 976: 874: 869: 592: 567: 423: 363: 328: 298: 4628:

Patrick Pearse and the Politics of Redemption: The Mind of the Easter Rising, 1916

4602:

Patrick Pearse and the Politics of Redemption: The Mind of the Easter Rising, 1916

4494:

Patrick Pearse and the Politics of Redemption: The Mind of the Easter Rising, 1916

2894:

of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II were carried out by socialist republican group

2879: 2716: 5695: 3834: 7545: 7505: 7473: 7340: 7300: 7140: 7053: 7004: 6979: 6879: 6572: 6306: 6289: 6244: 6164: 5721:

Kennedy, Paul M. "Idealists and realists: British views of Germany, 1864–1939,"

4994: 4641: 4214:"MI5 blamed BP for security lapse before IRA bomb attack on Queen at Sullom Voe" 3333:, introducer of existentialist philosophy in Argentina. But it will be with the 3326: 3082: 2910: 2906:) hanging a banner declaring "the Queen will never be welcome in this country". 2899: 2883: 2798: 2747: 2695: 2665: 2613: 2543: 2527: 2423: 2422:

On 11 January 2024, It was reported that a note which was sent to an address in

2416: 2409: 2359: 2162: 2069: 1722: 1682: 1650: 1509: 1469: 1303: 1216: 1167: 1142: 1042: 727: 445: 428: 383: 303: 5619: 5602:

Natural and Necessary Enemies: Anglo-French Relations in the Eighteenth Century

4270: 4166: 4139: 4117: 3821:"THE LORD ADVOCATE v. IAN ADAM WHELSON GRAHAM, JOHN PURVES AND ROSS GRAVESTOCK" 3580:"Towards a Multicultural Nationalism? Anglophobia and Islamophobia in Scotland" 3512:"Towards a Multicultural Nationalism? Anglophobia and Islamophobia in Scotland" 7819: 7814: 7695: 7690: 7586: 7570: 7427: 7320: 7278: 7240: 7048: 7036: 7009: 6999: 6919: 6333: 6328: 6299: 6234: 6083: 5768: 5660:

The Uneasy Entente. French Foreign Policy and Franco-British Misunderstandings

3391: 3377: 3359: 3225:, first published in 1823, were renowned for their anti-English articles. The 3108:

Reasons suggested for the faltering of Anglophobia included the impact of the

2848: 2773:(1899–1902). J. Donnolly, a member of the brigade, wrote to the editor of the 2648:(1337–1453) between England and France changed societies on both sides of the 2578: 2535: 2446: 2430: 2426: 2363: 2213: 2004: 1999: 1880: 1875: 1771: 1747: 1596: 1489: 1447: 1403: 1211: 1199: 1172: 1162: 1082: 472: 467: 438: 373: 214: 42: 5775:

British Images of Germany: Admiration, Antagonism, and Ambivalence, 1860–1914

5678:

That Sweet Enemy: Britain and France, the History of a Love-Hate Relationship

2644:

would have called for the destruction of the English nation and country. The

7720: 7668: 7385: 6984: 6109: 5847:; "War Plan Red" was the American Army's plan for war against Great Britain. 5302: 4199: 3647:"Aberdeen leaders condemn anti-English attacks in city - Scotsman.com Sport" 3146: 3054: 3046: 3042: 2828: 2539: 2371: 2351: 2277:

of the 'other', for it has as much impact on Anglophobia as on Islamophobia.

2186: 2158: 1905: 1853: 1554: 1147: 248: 70: 17: 5595:

Allies at War: The Bitter Rivalry among Churchill, Roosevelt, and de Gaulle

4905:"Sinn Fein's Gerry Adams slams Queen Elizabeth's upcoming visit to Ireland" 4630:. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press. pp. 58–59. 5059:"Foreign office warns football fans of 'anti-British sentiment' in Russia" 4358:"Guide to the Racial Hatred Act | Australian Human Rights Commission" 2878:, was hailed by the Irish press as a historic visit but was criticised by 2289:

said that a correlation had been noticed between the establishment of the

7685: 7515: 7442: 7093: 7019: 6924: 6884: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6179: 6174: 6119: 5828:

Geoffrey Wheatcroft, "How the British Nearly Supported the Confederacy,"

5062: 4646:

Defenders of the Union: A Survey of British and Irish Unionism Since 1801

4534:

Genesis of the Rising, 1912-1916: A Transformation of Nationalist Opinion

3187: 2958: 2699: 2474: 2450: 2269: 1870: 1692: 1611: 1256: 1182: 1087: 1047: 403: 398: 393: 318: 313: 258: 4724:

The British Board of Film Censors: Film Censorship in Britain, 1896–1950

4560:

Ireland Since the Famine: An Incomparable Survey of Modern Irish History

2628:, when issuing writs for summoning parliament in 1295, claimed that the 2260:

A 2005 study by Hussain and Millar of the Department of Politics at the

6184: 6088: 6068: 6041: 6016: 5914: 5789:

Anglophobia: An Analysis of Anti-British Prejudice in the United States

5670: 5646: 5257:

https://books.google.com/books?id=x1aQWbz_eYAC&q=irish+anti+english

5096: 4003:

Kivisto, P. (2002). Multiculturalism in a global society. Oxford. p.129

3807:"A VERY SCOTTISH DEATH » 30 May 1998 » the Spectator Archive" 3316:

analysed the different attitudes towards the outbreak of the World War

3275:, decisively won by the UK. Relations have become friendly since then. 2920: 2400: 2103: 323: 219: 199: 172: 147: 5881:

Peskin, Lawrence A. "Conspiratorial Anglophobia and the War of 1812."

5423:"Buddhists: Understanding Buddhism Through the Lives of Practitioners" 2316:

labelling English people living in Scotland as 'colonising wankers' .

7145: 6169: 6073: 6051: 6046: 5996: 5866:

Twisting the Lion's Tail: American Anglophobia between the World Wars

5852:

Unfinished Revolution: The Early American Republic in a British World

5702:

Wilhelmine Germany and Edwardian Britain: Essays on Cultural Affinity

5616:

The Best of Enemies: Anglo-French Relations Since the Norman Conquest

5038:"The toxic relationship between Britain and Russia has to be exposed" 3382: 3337:

in 1982 when Anglophobic sentiment spread to a good part of society.

3198:'s political pandering to attract the support of the Irish diaspora: 3157: 2790: 2621: 2193:, contributing to animosity. In Ireland and, to a lesser extent, the 2174: 2166: 1308: 308: 204: 182: 177: 127: 3835:"BBC News | SCOTLAND | Killers freed on death anniversary" 3300:

did not sour relations. The 1929 crisis and the coup that overthrew

3288:

That feeling has not been constant or unanimous. Characters such as

2208:

Generally, the term is sometimes used more loosely as a synonym for

4411:

The Construction of Nationhood. Ethnicity, Religion and Nationalism

3589:. Economic & Social Research Council. p. 4. Archived from 3521:. Economic & Social Research Council. p. 4. Archived from 2412:, said that there was an anti-English strand to Welsh nationalism. 2366:

and stated that those who used Welsh would not be appointed to any

2362:. Section 20 of the 1535 Act made English the only language of the 7155: 6001: 4465:

Ruairí Ó Brádaigh: The Life and Politics of an Irish Revolutionary

3036: 2887: 2572: 2559:

using the term "Pom" was upheld and the commercial was withdrawn.

2178: 2135: 2084: 2059: 1318: 132: 5920: 5823:

A World on Fire: Britain’s Crucial Role in the American Civil War

5748:

Best of Enemies: Britain and Germany: 100 Years of Truth and Lies

5739:

Major, Patrick. "Britain and Germany: A Love-Hate Relationship?"

4167:"Aberystwyth: 'Go back to Brummyland' note a hate crime - police" 2282:

Anglophobia correlated with a strong sense of Scottish identity.

7767: 7596: 3312:

observed upon arriving in Argentina in 1940, who in a letter to

3078: 2965:, there had been controversies regarding Anglophobia in Russia. 2766: 2761:, leading to xenophobia underlined by Anglophobia. Two units of 2157:

Outside the UK, anti-English sentiment exists in countries like

1952: 1781: 5924: 3271:

In 1982 the two countries fought a small short conflict in the

5372:

The Irish in Philadelphia: Ten Generations of Urban experience

4508:

A Provisional Dictator: James Stephens and the Fenian Movement

5758:

Don’t Mention the War: The British and the Germans since 1890

3787:"Gang kicked boy to death 'because he had an English accent'" 3172:, and it has long been suspected they were his true killers. 2898:. Other protests included one Dublin publican (the father of 2738:

in Ireland. The GAA was founded in the anti-English ideas of

5665:

Schmidt, H. D. "The Idea and Slogan of 'Perfidious Albion'"

4228:

The Edge of the Union: The Ulster Loyalist Political Vision.

3670:"Moderator says anti-English bigotry is 'like sectarianism'" 4140:"Councillor suspended for 'Wales is for Welsh people' rant" 4080:"English the victims of racism in Wales - This Britain, UK" 5873:

Prologue to war: England and the United States, 1805–1812

5269:

America at the Ballot Box: Elections and Political History

3731:"Woman attacked in Scotland 'because she sounded English'" 2301:

spate of anti-English attacks occurred in 2006 during the

5091:

Charles S. Campbell, "The Dismissal of Lord Sackville."

3999: 3997: 5182:"'Brenglish' in a snit over Hollywood's history lessons" 4614:

The G.A.A.: A History of the Gaelic Athletic Association

4510:. Dublin: University College Dublin Press. p. 103. 3761:"Park disgrace as boy, 7, in England top punched by yob" 5588:

France and Britain, 1900–1940. Entente and Estrangement

5336:

Robert Nowatzki, LSU Press, 2010 - Social Science p.181

5321:

A Republic, Not an Empire: Reclaiming America's Destiny

4757:"Hollywood's racist lies about Britain and the British" 4467:. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. p. 1. 2330:

Cultural relationship between the Welsh and the English

5763:

Rüger, Jan. "Revisiting the Anglo-German Antagonism,"

2285:

In 1999, an inspector and race relations officer with

2264:

examined the prevalence of Anglophobia in relation to

27:

Opposition to or fear of England and/or English people

5843:(PhD. Dissertation University of North Texas, 2012); 3891:"Laws in Wales Act 1535 (repealed 21.12.1993) (c.26)" 3101:

of the late 19th and early 20th centuries," with the

3041:

This 1898 depiction of the Great Rapprochement shows

2866:

to visit Ireland in 100 years. The invitation by the

2504:

motives than those by which we are really actuated".

41:"Anglophobe" redirects here. Not to be confused with 30:

For prejudice against British people as a whole, see

5394:

The Great Famine and the Irish Diaspora in America.

4693:. Belfast: Ulster Historical Foundation. p. 20. 4678:. Belfast: Ulster Historical Foundation. p. 19. 4663:. Belfast: Ulster Historical Foundation. p. 16. 4577:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. p. 104. 4482:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 31. 2437:

to 'go back home to Brummyland'. It also called the

2106:. It can be observed in various contexts within the 7579: 7456: 7249: 6860: 6500: 6342: 6102: 5989: 5958: 5129:

America's Special Relationships: Allies and Clients

4875:"Queen to visit Irish Republic by end of next year" 2620:kings of England lost most of their possessions in 2338:, also known as the "Acts of Union", passed by the 5410:Navies and Maritime Policies in the South Atlantic 5360:The Great Famine and the Irish Diaspora in America 5238:The Great Famine and the Irish Diaspora in America 4959:"The Queen in Ireland: standing ovation in Dublin" 4480:British Democracy and Irish Nationalism, 1876–1906 3549:"Anti-English taunts drive family over the border" 3408:Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement 3253:, have highlighted the anti-English stance of the 7731:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 5813:Historical Dictionary of Anglo-American Relations 5730:The Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism 1860–1914 5155:"John Moser, The Decline of American Anglophobia" 4709:English Literature from "Beowulf" to Bernard Shaw 4691:Forgotten Protest: Ireland and the Anglo-Boer War 4676:Forgotten Protest: Ireland and the Anglo-Boer War 4661:Forgotten Protest: Ireland and the Anglo-Boer War 4589:Dear, Dirty Dublin: A City in Distress, 1899-1916 3885: 3883: 1916:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 5743:October 2008, Vol. 26 Issue 4, pp. 457–468. 4616:, pp.65-66. Dublin: Cumann Luthchleas Geal, 1980 3451:"Israel: The Anglo-Jewish origins of the nation" 3069:(started 1898). Initially Britain supported the 2690:There is a long tradition of Anglophobia within 7391:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 5673:; on French distrust of "Albion" (i.e. England) 5626:Friend or Foe: An Anglo-Saxon History of France 5315: 5313: 5311: 4928:"Queen Elizabeth effigy beheaded in mock trial" 3318: 3281: 3210: 3200: 3114: 2274: 1560:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 34:. For hostility towards the British state, see 6873:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 5550:. Princeton University Press. 18 November 2007 5388: 5386: 5384: 5267:* Davies, Gareth, and Julian E. Zelizer, eds. 4814:"'Anti-English bias' ends Booth's Irish idyll" 3965:"The Welsh language in 19th century education" 3578:Hussain, Asifa; Miller, William (March 2005). 3510:Hussain, Asifa; Miller, William (March 2005). 3093:, although many Americans favoured the Boers. 2429:, with racial slurs about English people from 1036:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 5936: 2831:'s anti-English content and in recent years, 2721:England's difficulty is Ireland's opportunity 2041: 8: 5723:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5709:Britain and Germany in the Twentieth Century 5700:Geppert, Dominik, and Robert Gerwarth, eds. 4381:"Poms Whinge so Hard that Beer Ad is Pulled" 2723:" and the well-known anti-World-War-I song " 2130:. In Scotland, Anglophobia is influenced by 7089:List of people killed for being transgender 4015:"Wales swamped by tide of English settlers" 3394:sentiment is often described as Anglophobia 3129:Anglophobia in the Irish-American community 2110:and in countries outside of it. In the UK, 1252:List of people killed for being transgender 5943: 5929: 5921: 5017:"Anglophobia in Russia. Among all classes" 4562:. London: Fontana Press. pp. 226–227. 3928:"Laws in Wales Act 1542 (repealed) (c.26)" 3485:George Orwell - the complete works website 2118:highlighted anti-English sentiments among 2048: 2034: 49: 5349:. Cambridge University Press (2004), p.46 4738:"Michael Collins Films Stirs Controversy" 3487:. George-Orwell.org. 2003. Archived from 2909:In 2018, the Irish author and journalist 6200:Social determinants of health in poverty 5280:Ronald H. Bayor and Timothy J. Meagher, 4450:Ireland 1798-1998: War, Peace and Beyond 2967: 339:Social determinants of health in poverty 4990:"I Didn't Hate the English — Until Now" 3423: 2919:that detailed how she had come to hate 2415:On 21 April 2023, it was reported that 61: 36:Foreign relations of the United Kingdom 5806:Film History: An International Journal 5474: 5463: 5157:. Personal.ashland.edu. Archived from 4110:"Attack on '19th century' nationalism" 3235:, called a student performance of the 2995:United Kingdom–United States relations 2719:. One popular nationalist slogan was " 5618:(2nd ed. 2011) major scholarly study 5609:Anglophobia and French African Policy 5036:Bullough, Oliver (13 November 2019). 3587:Devolution Briefings: Briefing No. 24 3547:Goodwin, Stephen (17 February 1999). 3519:Devolution Briefings: Briefing No. 24 3429: 3427: 3388:Anti-Canadian sentiment § Quebec 2224:British statesman and Prime Minister 7: 7855: 6895:Capital punishment for homosexuality 6205:Social determinants of mental health 5132:. Taylor & Francis. p. 31. 5093:Mississippi Valley Historical Review 4854:from the original on 10 October 2008 4537:. New York: Peter Lang. p. 99. 4284:Partridge, Eric (25 November 2002). 4047:Multiculturalism in a global society 2518:New Zealand–United Kingdom relations 1058:Capital punishment for homosexuality 344:Social determinants of mental health 7015:Genital modification and mutilation 5893:American Nineteenth Century History 5347:Shakespeare and the American Nation 3939:Office of Public Sector Information 3902:Office of Public Sector Information 3700:"England fan assaulted in Aberdeen" 2598:or O! The Roast Beef of Old England 2256:Category:England–Scotland relations 1178:Genital modification and mutilation 5628:(Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005). 5227:. (Four Courts Press, 2004), p.216 4379:Lagan, Bernard (26 January 2007). 4116:. 18 December 2001. Archived from 3616:"'Anti-English' punch hurts woman" 3267:Argentina–United Kingdom relations 2769:against British forces during the 2552:Australian Human Rights Commission 2514:Australia–United Kingdom relations 2068:" ("May God punish England") on a 25: 5868:(New York University Press, 1999) 5830:New York Times Sunday Book Review 5633:Britain and France: Ten Centuries 5396:University of Massachusetts Press 5242:University of Massachusetts Press 4926:Debets, Michael (16 April 2011). 4844:"Englishman wins Irish race case" 3729:Reid, Melanie (14 January 2009). 3622:. 13 January 2009. Archived from 3294:English invasions of Buenos Aires 3257:in the United States of America. 7854: 7845: 7844: 7494:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 7331:Law for Protection of the Nation 7231:White genocide conspiracy theory 5777:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2012) 375pp 4988:Nolan, Megan (18 October 2018). 4873:McDonald, Henry (23 June 2010). 4812:Peterkin, Tom (18 August 2006). 4788:"Director in a class of his own" 4755:Roberts, Andrew (14 June 2000). 4726:. London: Routledge. p. 88. 4648:. London: Routledge. p. 61. 4531:Kennedy, Christopher M. (2010). 4452:. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 85. 4165:Pigott, Paul (11 January 2024). 3362: 2686:Ireland–United Kingdom relations 2336:Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 1671:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 1500:Law for Protection of the Nation 1394:White genocide conspiracy theory 69: 7336:MSM blood donation restrictions 7084:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 5667:Journal of the History of Ideas 5025:. 27 February 1904. p. 11. 4711:. Berlin: Weldmann. p. 13. 3217:Some newspapers, including the 2937:Russia–United Kingdom relations 2840:The Wind That Shakes the Barley 2823:(1936), were criticised by the 2569:France–United Kingdom relations 2496:A Few Words on Non-Intervention 2150:'s targeting of England during 1505:MSM blood donation restrictions 1247:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 7349:(as religious or racial quota) 5825:(Random House, 2011), 958 pp. 5767:(2011) 83#3, pp. 579–617 5611:(Yale University Press, 1971). 5493:"The Nation and Its Fragments" 5286:Johns Hopkins University Press 4911:. 5 March 2011. Archived from 4786:Luckhurst, Tim (31 May 2006). 4463:White, Robert William (2006). 4336:. Cambridge University Press. 4198:. 4 March 2001. Archived from 4192:"The IRA campaigns in England" 4078:Milmo, Cahal (4 August 2000). 3455:Marginalia: LA Review of Books 3347:India–United Kingdom relations 1518:(as religious or racial quota) 1: 7763:Second-generation gender bias 7479:Constitutional colorblindness 6195:Social determinants of health 5583:(Duke University Press, 1950) 5254:The Century: Volume 26, 1883. 5057:Beswick, Emma (8 June 2018). 4957:Bloxham, Andy (20 May 2011). 3706:. 3 July 2006. Archived from 3674:Scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com 3413:Stereotypes of British people 2138:, historical factors such as 1948:Second-generation gender bias 1656:Constitutional colorblindness 334:Social determinants of health 5718:(2011) 20#1, pp. 65–79. 5180:Fenton, Ben (19 June 2001). 4722:Robertson, James C. (2016). 4689:McCracken, Donal P. (2003). 4674:McCracken, Donal P. (2003). 4659:McCracken, Donal P. (2003). 4626:Moran, Seán Farrell (1994). 4478:Biagini, Eugenio R. (2007). 4013:Ward, David (1 March 2002). 3434:Oxford Dictionary of English 3057:sit together and hold hands. 2481:rather than English. In the 2433:. The note which called for 7674:Medical model of disability 7526:Hate speech laws by country 5883:Journal of American History 5676:Tombs, R. P. and I. Tombs, 4330:Jupp, James (11 May 2004). 4230:Oxford, Oxford Univ. Press. 3933:The UK Statute Law Database 2913:wrote an opinion piece for 2732:Gaelic Athletic Association 1859:Medical model of disability 1703:Hate speech laws by country 7902: 7783:Social model of disability 6250:Discrimination against men 4415:Cambridge University Press 3344: 3264: 3009:Origins of the War of 1812 2992: 2934: 2683: 2636:exhibited in Parliament a 2566: 2511: 2489:Outside the United Kingdom 2327: 2287:Lothian and Borders Police 2252:Scottish national identity 2249: 1968:Social model of disability 389:Discrimination against men 40: 29: 7840: 7136:Opposition to immigration 6052:Race / Ethnicity 5765:Journal of Modern History 5631:Johnson, Douglas, et al. 5022:The Sydney Morning Herald 4346:– via Google Books. 4300:– via Google Books. 3242:A commemorative stamp by 2809:Irish War of Independence 2698:people, which was mainly 2508:Australia and New Zealand 2399:In 2000, the Chairman of 2386: 2220:Within the United Kingdom 1299:Opposition to immigration 183:Race / Ethnicity 7131:Occupational segregation 6900:Compulsory sterilization 5907:The Dark Side of England 5900:Anglophobic publications 5655:(2006) 17#4 pp: 693–714. 5653:Diplomacy and Statecraft 5544:"Provincializing Europe" 5214:(1979) 61#2 pp. 117-132. 5188:. London. Archived from 4965:. London. Archived from 4881:. London. Archived from 4705:Delmer, Frederick Sefton 4387:. London. Archived from 4333:The English in Australia 4086:. London. Archived from 4021:. London. Archived from 3737:. London. Archived from 3555:. London. Archived from 3001:Jeffersonian Republicans 2980:'s Democratic newspaper 2702:. In Ireland before the 1294:Occupational segregation 1063:Compulsory sterilization 7659:Internalized oppression 7521:Fighting Discrimination 7511:Fat acceptance movement 7469:Anti-discrimination law 7109:Native American mascots 5752:excerpt and text search 5736:; influential synthesis 5734:excerpt and text search 5620:excerpt and text search 5376:Temple University Press 5126:Dumbrell, John (2009). 4573:Tanner, Marcus (2004). 4448:Jackson, Alvin (1999). 4263:"World Wide Words: Pom" 4044:Kivisto, Peter (2002). 3970:BBC Cymru Wales history 3896:UK Statute Law Database 3438:Oxford University Press 3237:British national anthem 3062:The Great Rapprochement 2951:Communist International 2847:, the father-in-law of 2725:Who is Ireland's Enemy? 2342:, annexed Wales to the 1844:Internalized oppression 1698:Fighting Discrimination 1688:Fat acceptance movement 1646:Anti-discrimination law 1272:Native American mascots 7886:Anti-English sentiment 7881:Anti-British sentiment 7778:Social identity threat 7751:Reverse discrimination 7741:Racial color blindness 7221:Violence against women 7201:Sex-selective abortion 5885:98#3 (2011): 647–669. 5857:Louis, William Roger; 5577:Acomb, Frances Dorothy 5112:130.1 (1888): 736-756 4644:; O'Day, Alan (2001). 4362:www.humanrights.gov.au 3978:. 2010. Archived from 3941:. 2010. Archived from 3904:. 2010. Archived from 3323: 3286: 3215: 3205: 3119: 3058: 2985: 2787: 2601: 2279: 2210:anti-British sentiment 2077:Anti-English sentiment 2073: 1963:Social identity threat 1936:Reverse discrimination 1926:Racial color blindness 1384:Violence against women 1364:Sex-selective abortion 32:Anti-British sentiment 7746:Religious intolerance 7706:Political correctness 7536:Intersex human rights 7484:Cultural assimilation 7166:Religious persecution 6930:Disability hate crime 6715:Jewish / Antisemitism 5905:Gelli, Frank Julian. 5808:22#2 (2010): 170–181. 5707:Görtemaker, Manfred. 5692:Great power rivalries 5319:Patrick J. Buchanan, 5095:44.4 (1958): 635-648 4575:The Last of the Celts 4558:Lyons, F.S.L (1971). 4506:Ramón, Marta (2007). 3345:Further information: 3265:Further information: 3190:, who criticised the 3183:North American Review 3040: 2993:Further information: 2971: 2935:Further information: 2804:The Countess Cathleen 2779: 2684:Further information: 2576: 2567:Further information: 2557:television commercial 2512:Further information: 2467:Irish Republican Army 2408:, a former leader of 2340:Parliament of England 2262:University of Glasgow 2128:Scottish nationalisms 2063: 1931:Religious intolerance 1891:Political correctness 1713:Intersex human rights 1661:Cultural assimilation 1329:Religious persecution 1093:Disability hate crime 870:Jewish / Antisemitism 7151:Political repression 6155:Anti-left handedness 6145:Anti-intellectualism 5833:June 30, 2011 online 5669:(1953) pp: 604–616. 5223:Simon James Potter, 4915:on 17 December 2013. 4600:Seán Farrell Moran, 4492:Seán Farrell Moran, 4025:on 23 September 2004 3876:. 17 September 2020. 3741:on 20 September 2011 3649:. Sport.scotsman.com 3292:, who had faced the 3223:New York Irish World 3219:San Francisco Leader 3067:Spanish–American War 2868:President of Ireland 2820:Plough and the Stars 2439:West Midlands accent 2230:Notes on Nationalism 1314:Political repression 294:Anti-left handedness 284:Anti-intellectualism 7654:Historical eugenics 7191:Segregation academy 7171:Religious terrorism 6960:Enemy of the people 6868:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 6382:Jehovah's Witnesses 6275:Perpetual foreigner 5895:12#1 (2011): 77–99. 5871:Perkins, Bradford. 5607:Brunschwig, Henri. 5548:press.princeton.edu 5519:"Inglorious Empire" 5497:press.princeton.edu 5192:on 15 February 2014 4938:on 28 December 2013 4824:on 16 February 2014 4744:on 23 October 2012. 4587:Joseph V. O'Brien, 4430:." William Stubbs, 4368:on 14 October 2012. 4251:on 29 October 2013. 4245:oll.libertyfund.org 4202:on 29 January 2009. 4171:BBC News, BBC Wales 4050:. Wiley-Blackwell. 3945:on 23 December 2012 3862:Health. Coronavirus 3626:on 15 February 2009 3162:Thomas D'Arcy McGee 3032:Lord Sackville-West 3028:tricked the British 2974:Richard F. Outcault 2963:2018 FIFA World Cup 2642:Philip VI of France 2610:Anglo-Norman French 2471:Sullom Voe Terminal 2291:Scottish Parliament 2203:British imperialism 2201:and perceptions of 2066:Gott strafe England 1839:Historical eugenics 1354:Segregation academy 1334:Religious terrorism 1123:Enemy of the people 1031:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 529:Jehovah's Witnesses 414:Perpetual foreigner 7566:Social integration 7561:Self-determination 7551:Racial integration 7499:Diversity training 7489:Cultural pluralism 7464:Affirmative action 7364:Racial segregation 7274:Crime of apartheid 7176:Religious violence 6679:Indigenous people 6079:Sexual orientation 5797:Crapol, Edward P. 5658:Pickles, Dorothy. 5325:Regnery Publishing 5282:The New York Irish 5271:(2015) pp. 98-117. 5110:Westminster Review 4969:on 22 January 2014 4850:. 12 August 2008. 4767:on 23 October 2012 4319:on 15 August 2013. 4226:Bruce, S. (1994). 4216:. 27 October 2009. 4120:on 21 October 2007 3851:. 25 January 2017. 3710:on 21 January 2009 3559:on 2 November 2012 3461:on 24 October 2021 3178:Cornell University 3154:Fenian Brotherhood 3059: 2986: 2947:Russo-Japanese War 2916:The New York Times 2860:Queen Elizabeth II 2668:was a hallmark of 2646:Hundred Years' War 2602: 2596:The Gate of Calais 2493:In his 1859 essay 2445:are treating as a 2443:Dyfed-Powys Police 2406:Dafydd Elis-Thomas 2394:Conservative Party 2344:Kingdom of England 2212:. Its opposite is 2191:Hundred Years' War 2074: 1743:Social integration 1738:Self-determination 1728:Racial integration 1676:Diversity training 1666:Cultural pluralism 1641:Affirmative action 1533:Racial segregation 1443:Crime of apartheid 1339:Religious violence 834:Indigenous people 210:Sexual orientation 7868: 7867: 7736:Racism by country 7664:Intersectionality 7649:Heteronormativity 7448:Voter suppression 7196:Sexual harassment 6995:Forced conversion 6915:Cultural genocide 6578:African Americans 6392:post–Cold War era 6377:Eastern Orthodoxy 6140:Anti-drug addicts 6135:Anti-homelessness 6062:Scientific racism 5909:, (London, 2014, 5839:Gleason, Mark C. 5821:Foreman, Amanda. 5801:(Greenwood, 1973) 5773:Scully, Richard. 5746:Milton, Richard. 5716:European Security 5645:(1975): 385–418. 5643:Victorian Studies 5637:table of contents 5624:Horne, Alistair, 5499:. 7 November 1993 5473:Missing or empty 5345:Kim C. Sturgess, 5297:Robert Nowatzki, 4761:The Daily Express 4409:Adrian Hastings, 4311:Malone, Barbara. 4057:978-0-631-22194-4 3908:on 2 January 2008 3792:Independent.co.uk 3645:Urquhart, Frank. 3403:Perfidious Albion 3310:Lorenzo Luzuriaga 3302:Hipólito Yrigoyen 3099:populist movement 2827:for the director 2692:Irish nationalism 2346:and replaced the 2226:Benjamin Disraeli 2132:Scottish identity 2112:Benjamin Disraeli 2058: 2057: 1921:Racism by country 1849:Intersectionality 1834:Heteronormativity 1617:Voter suppression 1359:Sexual harassment 1158:Forced conversion 1078:Cultural genocide 733:African Americans 539:post–Cold War era 524:Eastern Orthodoxy 279:Anti-drug addicts 274:Anti-homelessness 193:Scientific racism 16:(Redirected from 7893: 7858: 7857: 7848: 7847: 7788:Social privilege 7773:Social exclusion 7701:Police brutality 7622:Multiculturalism 7592:Amatonormativity 7423:Social exclusion 7259:Age of candidacy 7059:Homeless dumping 6965:Ethnic cleansing 5945: 5938: 5931: 5922: 5877:full text online 5614:Gibson, Robert. 5593:Berthon, Simon. 5586:Bell, Philip J. 5560: 5559: 5557: 5555: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5515: 5509: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5489: 5483: 5482: 5476: 5471: 5469: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5444: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5419: 5413: 5412:(2019): 97-124. 5406: 5400: 5392:Arthur Gribben, 5390: 5379: 5368: 5362: 5358:Arthur Gribben, 5356: 5350: 5343: 5337: 5334: 5328: 5317: 5306: 5295: 5289: 5278: 5272: 5265: 5259: 5251: 5245: 5236:Arthur Gribben, 5234: 5228: 5221: 5215: 5208: 5202: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5123: 5117: 5106: 5100: 5089: 5083: 5073: 5067: 5066: 5054: 5048: 5047: 5033: 5027: 5026: 5013: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5002: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4954: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4934:. Archived from 4923: 4917: 4916: 4909:IrishCentral.com 4901: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4870: 4864: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4840: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4820:. Archived from 4809: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4783: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4763:. Archived from 4752: 4746: 4745: 4740:. Archived from 4734: 4728: 4727: 4719: 4713: 4712: 4701: 4695: 4694: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4671: 4665: 4664: 4656: 4650: 4649: 4642:Boyce, D. George 4638: 4632: 4631: 4623: 4617: 4611: 4605: 4598: 4592: 4585: 4579: 4578: 4570: 4564: 4563: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4528: 4522: 4521: 4503: 4497: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4445: 4439: 4438:, 1946), p. 480. 4424: 4418: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4364:. Archived from 4354: 4348: 4347: 4327: 4321: 4320: 4315:. Archived from 4308: 4302: 4301: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4273:on 6 April 2001. 4269:. Archived from 4267:World Wide Words 4259: 4253: 4252: 4247:. Archived from 4237: 4231: 4224: 4218: 4217: 4210: 4204: 4203: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4162: 4156: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4136: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4090:on 12 March 2014 4075: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4041: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4010: 4004: 4001: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3982:on 28 April 2014 3961: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3924: 3918: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3887: 3878: 3877: 3870: 3864: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3831: 3825: 3824: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3757: 3751: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3726: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3696: 3690: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3676:. Archived from 3665: 3659: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3642: 3636: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3595: 3584: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3544: 3538: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3527: 3516: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3491:on 7 August 2013 3477: 3471: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3457:. Archived from 3447: 3441: 3431: 3372: 3367: 3366: 3365: 3298:Falkland Islands 3196:Democratic party 3192:Prairie Populist 3156:Society invaded 3110:Second World War 3019:of 1861 and the 3005:Federalist party 2955:Ramsay MacDonald 2876:Irish government 2765:fought with the 2742:, Archbishop of 2638:forged ordinance 2501:John Stuart Mill 2457:Northern Ireland 2391: 2356:English language 2238:(October 1945), 2144:Northern Ireland 2140:English language 2079:, also known as 2050: 2043: 2036: 1973:Social privilege 1958:Social exclusion 1886:Police brutality 1807:Multiculturalism 1777:Amatonormativity 1592:Social exclusion 1428:Age of candidacy 1222:Homeless dumping 1128:Ethnic cleansing 73: 50: 21: 7901: 7900: 7896: 7895: 7894: 7892: 7891: 7890: 7871: 7870: 7869: 7864: 7836: 7711:Polyculturalism 7607:Civil liberties 7575: 7556:Reappropriation 7457:Countermeasures 7452: 7381:Racial steering 7347:Numerus clausus 7251: 7245: 6970:Ethnic conflict 6905:Corrective rape 6856: 6496: 6451:minority Muslim 6338: 6230:HIV/AIDS stigma 6098: 6047:Mental disorder 5985: 5954: 5949: 5902: 5864:Moser, John E. 5850:Haynes, Sam W. 5817:and text search 5811:Ellis, Sylvia. 5787:Cook, James G. 5784: 5760:(London, 2006). 5756:Ramsden, John. 5741:German History, 5732:(London, 1980) 5728:Kennedy, Paul. 5687: 5680:(Pimlico, 2007) 5600:Black, Jeremy. 5597:(2001). 356 pp. 5590:(Longman, 1996) 5573: 5568: 5566:Further reading 5563: 5553: 5551: 5542: 5541: 5537: 5527: 5525: 5517: 5516: 5512: 5502: 5500: 5491: 5490: 5486: 5472: 5462: 5455: 5453: 5446: 5445: 5441: 5431: 5429: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5407: 5403: 5391: 5382: 5370:Clark, Dennis. 5369: 5365: 5357: 5353: 5344: 5340: 5335: 5331: 5318: 5309: 5296: 5292: 5279: 5275: 5266: 5262: 5252: 5248: 5235: 5231: 5222: 5218: 5209: 5205: 5195: 5193: 5179: 5178: 5174: 5164: 5162: 5161:on 21 June 2013 5152: 5151: 5147: 5140: 5125: 5124: 5120: 5107: 5103: 5090: 5086: 5074: 5070: 5056: 5055: 5051: 5035: 5034: 5030: 5015: 5014: 5010: 5000: 4998: 4987: 4986: 4982: 4972: 4970: 4956: 4955: 4951: 4941: 4939: 4925: 4924: 4920: 4903: 4902: 4898: 4888: 4886: 4885:on 26 June 2010 4872: 4871: 4867: 4857: 4855: 4842: 4841: 4837: 4827: 4825: 4811: 4810: 4806: 4796: 4794: 4785: 4784: 4780: 4770: 4768: 4754: 4753: 4749: 4736: 4735: 4731: 4721: 4720: 4716: 4703: 4702: 4698: 4688: 4687: 4683: 4673: 4672: 4668: 4658: 4657: 4653: 4640: 4639: 4635: 4625: 4624: 4620: 4612: 4608: 4599: 4595: 4586: 4582: 4572: 4571: 4567: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4545: 4530: 4529: 4525: 4518: 4505: 4504: 4500: 4491: 4487: 4477: 4476: 4472: 4462: 4461: 4457: 4447: 4446: 4442: 4436:Clarendon Press 4432:Select Charters 4425: 4421: 4417:, 1997), p. 45. 4408: 4404: 4394: 4392: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4344: 4329: 4328: 4324: 4310: 4309: 4305: 4298: 4283: 4282: 4278: 4261: 4260: 4256: 4239: 4238: 4234: 4225: 4221: 4212: 4211: 4207: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4175: 4173: 4164: 4163: 4159: 4149: 4147: 4146:. 21 April 2023 4138: 4137: 4133: 4123: 4121: 4108: 4107: 4103: 4093: 4091: 4084:The Independent 4077: 4076: 4072: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4043: 4042: 4038: 4028: 4026: 4012: 4011: 4007: 4002: 3995: 3985: 3983: 3976:BBC Cymru Wales 3963: 3962: 3958: 3948: 3946: 3926: 3925: 3921: 3911: 3909: 3889: 3888: 3881: 3872: 3871: 3867: 3860: 3856: 3847: 3846: 3842: 3833: 3832: 3828: 3819: 3818: 3814: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3785: 3784: 3780: 3770: 3768: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3744: 3742: 3728: 3727: 3723: 3713: 3711: 3698: 3697: 3693: 3683: 3681: 3680:on 28 July 2011 3667: 3666: 3662: 3652: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3639: 3629: 3627: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3599: 3597: 3593: 3582: 3577: 3576: 3572: 3562: 3560: 3553:The Independent 3546: 3545: 3541: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3514: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3494: 3492: 3479: 3478: 3474: 3464: 3462: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3432: 3425: 3421: 3398:List of phobias 3368: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3349: 3343: 3290:Manuel Belgrano 3269: 3263: 3247:Andrew Carnegie 3232:Gaelic American 3180:, wrote in the 3176:, professor at 3131: 3087:Platt Amendment 3013:Treaty of Ghent 2997: 2991: 2982:New York World, 2978:Joseph Pulitzer 2939: 2933: 2864:British monarch 2834:Michael Collins 2817:(1935) and the 2771:Second Boer War 2763:Irish commandos 2744:Cashel and Emly 2708:United Irishmen 2688: 2682: 2606:Norman Conquest 2587:William Hogarth 2571: 2565: 2536:stereotypically 2520: 2510: 2491: 2459: 2383:Meibion Glyndŵr 2332: 2326: 2258: 2248: 2222: 2054: 2025: 2024: 2023: 2022: 2021: 1896:Polyculturalism 1792:Civil liberties 1764: 1756: 1755: 1754: 1753: 1752: 1733:Reappropriation 1633: 1632:Countermeasures 1625: 1624: 1623: 1622: 1621: 1550:Racial steering 1516:Numerus clausus 1420: 1412: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1408: 1133:Ethnic conflict 1068:Corrective rape 1023: 1015: 1014: 1013: 1012: 1011: 658: 647: 646: 645: 644: 643: 598:minority Muslim 491: 481: 480: 479: 478: 477: 369:HIV/AIDS stigma 241: 233: 232: 231: 230: 229: 178:Mental disorder 120: 112: 111: 110: 109: 108: 81: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7899: 7897: 7889: 7888: 7883: 7873: 7872: 7866: 7865: 7863: 7862: 7852: 7841: 7838: 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7286: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7255: 7253: 7250:Discriminatory 7247: 7246: 7244: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7127: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7079:Lavender scare 7076: 7074:Kill Haole Day 7071: 7069:Indian rolling 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7045: 7044: 7034: 7029: 7028: 7027: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6955:Eliminationism 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6890:Cancel culture 6887: 6882: 6877: 6876: 6875: 6864: 6862: 6861:Manifestations 6858: 6857: 6855: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6757:Middle Eastern 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6723: 6722: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6696: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 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1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1911:Prisoner abuse 1908: 1903: 1901:Power distance 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1819:Ethnic penalty 1816: 1815: 1814: 1812:Neurodiversity 1809: 1799: 1797:Dehumanization 1794: 1789: 1787:Cisnormativity 1784: 1779: 1774: 1768: 1767: 1766: 1765: 1763:Related topics 1762: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1751: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1637: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1627: 1626: 1620: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1607:State religion 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1588: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1546: 1545: 1543:Nuremberg Laws 1540: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1485:Ghetto benches 1482: 1480:Gerrymandering 1477: 1472: 1467: 1465:Gender pay gap 1462: 1461: 1460: 1455: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1424: 1423: 1422: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1242:Lavender scare 1239: 1237:Kill Haole Day 1234: 1232:Indian rolling 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1208: 1207: 1197: 1192: 1191: 1190: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1118:Eliminationism 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1053:Cancel culture 1050: 1045: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1027: 1026: 1025: 1024: 1022:Manifestations 1021: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1010: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 912:Middle Eastern 909: 904: 899: 894: 889: 884: 879: 878: 877: 867: 862: 857: 852: 851: 850: 845: 840: 832: 827: 822: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 757: 752: 747: 746: 745: 740: 735: 725: 720: 715: 714: 713: 708: 703: 693: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 662: 661: 660: 659: 653: 652: 649: 648: 642: 641: 639:Zoroastrianism 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 615: 614: 604: 603: 602: 601: 600: 595: 590: 585: 580: 565: 564: 563: 561:Untouchability 558: 548: 543: 542: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 511: 506: 501: 495: 494: 493: 492: 487: 486: 483: 482: 476: 475: 470: 465: 464: 463: 458: 453: 443: 442: 441: 436: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 379:Leprosy stigma 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 245: 244: 243: 242: 239: 238: 235: 234: 228: 227: 222: 217: 212: 207: 202: 197: 196: 195: 190: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 140: 135: 130: 124: 123: 122: 121: 118: 117: 114: 113: 107: 106: 101: 96: 91: 85: 84: 83: 82: 79: 78: 75: 74: 66: 65: 63:Discrimination 59: 58: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7898: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7878: 7876: 7861: 7853: 7851: 7843: 7842: 7839: 7833: 7830: 7826: 7823: 7822: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7810:Social stigma 7808: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7790: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7757: 7754: 7753: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7680: 7677: 7676: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7619: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7584: 7582: 7578: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7500: 7497: 7496: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7461: 7459: 7455: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7433:State atheism 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7398: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7369:Jim Crow laws 7367: 7366: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7354:One-drop rule 7352: 7350: 7348: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7281: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7269:Blood quantum 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7256: 7254: 7248: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7216:Victimisation 7214: 7212: 7211:Trans bashing 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7181:Religious war 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7161:Racialization 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7111: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7043: 7040: 7039: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7032:Glass ceiling 7030: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6975:Ethnic hatred 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6910:Counter-jihad 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6874: 6871: 6870: 6869: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6859: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6721: 6718: 6717: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6694: 6693:United States 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6680: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6575: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6557: 6556:United States 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6543: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6504: 6499: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6477:Protestantism 6475: 6473: 6470: 6466: 6463: 6462: 6461: 6458: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6428: 6427: 6424: 6423: 6422: 6419: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6387:LDS or Mormon 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6341: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6317:Transmisogyny 6315: 6313: 6310: 6309: 6308: 6305: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6292: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6220:Gerontophobia 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6150:Anti-intersex 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6125:Anti-albinism 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6101: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6054: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5994: 5992: 5988: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5966:Institutional 5964: 5963: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5946: 5941: 5939: 5934: 5932: 5927: 5926: 5923: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5903: 5899: 5894: 5890: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5867: 5863: 5860: 5856: 5853: 5849: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5831: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5820: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5807: 5803: 5800: 5796: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5785: 5782:United States 5781: 5776: 5772: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5759: 5755: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5742: 5738: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5724: 5720: 5717: 5713: 5710: 5706: 5703: 5699: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5688: 5684: 5679: 5675: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5661: 5657: 5654: 5650: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5627: 5623: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5610: 5606: 5603: 5599: 5596: 5592: 5589: 5585: 5582: 5578: 5575: 5574: 5570: 5565: 5549: 5545: 5539: 5536: 5524: 5520: 5514: 5511: 5498: 5494: 5488: 5485: 5480: 5467: 5452: 5449: 5443: 5440: 5428: 5424: 5418: 5415: 5411: 5405: 5402: 5399: 5398:(1999), p.228 5397: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5381: 5378:(1982), p.110 5377: 5373: 5367: 5364: 5361: 5355: 5352: 5348: 5342: 5339: 5333: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5316: 5314: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5294: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5277: 5274: 5270: 5264: 5261: 5258: 5255: 5250: 5247: 5244:(1999), p.220 5243: 5239: 5233: 5230: 5226: 5220: 5217: 5213: 5207: 5204: 5191: 5187: 5186:The Telegraph 5183: 5176: 5173: 5160: 5156: 5153:Moser, John. 5149: 5146: 5141: 5139:9780415483766 5135: 5131: 5130: 5122: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5105: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5078: 5075:H. C. Allen, 5072: 5069: 5064: 5060: 5053: 5050: 5045: 5044: 5039: 5032: 5029: 5024: 5023: 5018: 5012: 5009: 4997: 4996: 4991: 4984: 4981: 4968: 4964: 4963:The Telegraph 4960: 4953: 4950: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4922: 4919: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4900: 4897: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4869: 4866: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4839: 4836: 4823: 4819: 4818:The Telegraph 4815: 4808: 4805: 4793: 4789: 4782: 4779: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4751: 4748: 4743: 4739: 4733: 4730: 4725: 4718: 4715: 4710: 4706: 4700: 4697: 4692: 4685: 4682: 4677: 4670: 4667: 4662: 4655: 4652: 4647: 4643: 4637: 4634: 4629: 4622: 4619: 4615: 4610: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4594: 4590: 4584: 4581: 4576: 4569: 4566: 4561: 4554: 4551: 4546: 4544:9781433105005 4540: 4536: 4535: 4527: 4524: 4519: 4517:9781904558644 4513: 4509: 4502: 4499: 4495: 4489: 4486: 4481: 4474: 4471: 4466: 4459: 4456: 4451: 4444: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4423: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4406: 4403: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4375: 4372: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4353: 4350: 4345: 4343:9780521542951 4339: 4335: 4334: 4326: 4323: 4318: 4314: 4307: 4304: 4299: 4297:9780415291897 4293: 4290:. Routledge. 4289: 4288: 4280: 4277: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4258: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4236: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4220: 4215: 4209: 4206: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4187: 4184: 4172: 4168: 4161: 4158: 4145: 4144:BBC News, BBC 4141: 4135: 4132: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4105: 4102: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4074: 4071: 4059: 4053: 4049: 4048: 4040: 4037: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4009: 4006: 4000: 3998: 3994: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3971: 3966: 3960: 3957: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3934: 3929: 3923: 3920: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3897: 3892: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3875: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3858: 3855: 3850: 3844: 3841: 3836: 3830: 3827: 3822: 3816: 3813: 3808: 3802: 3799: 3795:. 7 May 1998. 3794: 3793: 3788: 3782: 3779: 3766: 3762: 3756: 3753: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3725: 3722: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3695: 3692: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3668:Horne, Marc. 3664: 3661: 3648: 3641: 3638: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3611: 3608: 3592: 3588: 3581: 3574: 3571: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3543: 3540: 3524: 3520: 3513: 3506: 3503: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3476: 3473: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3446: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3430: 3428: 3424: 3418: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3390:- where anti- 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3375: 3371: 3360: 3355: 3353: 3348: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3335:Falklands War 3332: 3328: 3322: 3317: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3285: 3280: 3276: 3274: 3273:Falklands War 3268: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3245: 3240: 3238: 3234: 3233: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3184: 3179: 3175: 3174:Goldwin Smith 3171: 3167: 3164:, himself an 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3148: 3143: 3141: 3136: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3123:film industry 3118: 3113: 3111: 3106: 3104: 3100: 3094: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3075:colonial rule 3072: 3068: 3063: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3039: 3035: 3033: 3029: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2996: 2989:United States 2988: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2970: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2938: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2872:Mary McAleese 2869: 2865: 2861: 2856: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2841: 2836: 2835: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2821: 2816: 2815: 2810: 2806: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2792: 2786: 2784: 2778: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2753: 2752:hedge schools 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2687: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2662:Protestantism 2659: 2658:Auld Alliance 2653: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2599: 2597: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2553: 2547: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2532:South African 2529: 2525: 2519: 2515: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2498: 2497: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2425: 2420: 2418: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2395: 2390: 2384: 2380: 2375: 2373: 2369: 2368:public office 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2331: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2315: 2310: 2306: 2304: 2298: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2257: 2253: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2240:George Orwell 2237: 2236: 2231: 2227: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2211: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2199:Falklands War 2196: 2195:United States 2192: 2188: 2184: 2183:United States 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2116:George Orwell 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2071: 2067: 2062: 2051: 2046: 2044: 2039: 2037: 2032: 2031: 2029: 2028: 2018: 2015: 2011: 2008: 2007: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1995:Social stigma 1993: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1760: 1759: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1629: 1628: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1602:State atheism 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1567: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1538:Jim Crow laws 1536: 1535: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1523:One-drop rule 1521: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1450: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1438:Blood quantum 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1416: 1415: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1379:Victimisation 1377: 1375: 1374:Trans bashing 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1344:Religious war 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1324:Racialization 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1195:Glass ceiling 1193: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1138:Ethnic hatred 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1073:Counter-jihad 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1019: 1018: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 883: 880: 876: 873: 872: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 849: 848:United States 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 835: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 730: 729: 726: 724: 721: 719: 716: 712: 711:United States 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 698: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 663: 657: 651: 650: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 624:Protestantism 622: 620: 617: 613: 610: 609: 608: 605: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 575: 574: 571: 570: 569: 566: 562: 559: 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