179:
Mantegazza R, Bernasconi P, Baggi F, Spreafico R, Ragona F, Antozzi C, Bernardi G, Granata T. Antibodies against GluR3 peptides are not specific for
Rasmussen's encephalitis but are also present in epilepsy patients with severe, early onset disease and intractable seizures. J Neuroimmunol. 2002
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Dalmau J, Tuzun E, Wu HY, Masjuan J, Rossi JE, Voloschin A, Baehring JM, Shimazaki H, Koide R, King D, Mason W, Sansing LH, Dichter MA, Rosenfeld MR, Lynch DR. Paraneoplastic anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma. Ann Neurol. 2007
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Coesmans M, Smitt PA, Linden DJ, Shigemoto R, Hirano T, Yamakawa Y, van Alphen AM, Luo C, van der Geest JN, Kros JM, Gaillard CA, Frens MA, de Zeeuw CI. Mechanisms underlying cerebellar motor deficits due to mGluR1-autoantibodies. Ann Neurol. 2003
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During MJ, Symes CW, Lawlor PA, Lin J, Dunning J, Fitzsimons HL, Poulsen D, Leone P, Xu R, Dicker BL, Lipski J, Young D. An oral vaccine against NMDAR1 with efficacy in experimental stroke and epilepsy. Science. 2000 Feb
170:
Rogers SW, Andrews PI, Gahring LC, Whisenand T, Cauley K, Crain B, Hughes TE, Heinemann SF, McNamara JO. Autoantibodies to glutamate receptor GluR3 in
Rasmussen's encephalitis. Science. 1994 Jul 29;265(5172):648-51.
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Bokesch PM, Izykenova GA, Justice JB, Easley KA, Dambinova SA. NMDA receptor antibodies predict adverse neurological outcome after cardiac surgery in high-risk patients. Stroke. 2006 Jun;37(6):1432-6.
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Shiihara T, Kato M, Konno A, Takahashi Y, Hayasaka K. Acute cerebellar ataxia and consecutive cerebellitis produced by glutamate receptor delta2 autoantibody. Brain Dev. 2007 May;29(4):254-6.
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Buckley C, Oger J, Clover L, Tuzun E, Carpenter K, Jackson M, Vincent A. Potassium channel antibodies in two patients with reversible limbic encephalitis. Ann Neurol. 2001 Jul;50(1):73-8.
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have been shown in a small group of ataxia patients. Anti-glutamate receptor antibodies are also detected in various non-immunological neurological diseases such as
198:
Hanly JG, Robichaud J, Fisk JD. Anti-NR2 glutamate receptor antibodies and cognitive function in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol. 2006 Aug;33(8):1553-8.
485:
96:, ataxia and epilepsia partialis continua may present with serum and cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to the delta2 or NR2 subunits of the NMDA receptor.
282:
551:
119:, autonomic dysfunction and loss of consciousness. So far, these antibodies appear to be associated with an accompanying ovarian or mediastinal
50:. Clinical and experimental studies starting around the year 2000 suggest that these antibodies are not simply epiphenomena and are involved in
435:
207:
Mochizuki Y, Mizutani T, Isozaki E, Ohtake T, Takahashi Y. Acute limbic encephalitis: a new entity? Neurosci Lett. 2006 Feb 6;394(1):5-8.
144:
140:
62:
The first anti-glutamate receptor antibody was shown by McNamara JO and colleagues to be directed against the GluR3 subunit of the
524:
464:
315:
124:
79:
574:
342:
275:
93:
67:
480:
452:
415:
407:
352:
335:
383:
367:
569:
308:
506:
372:
595:
529:
397:
268:
84:
The second large group of anti-glutamate receptor antibodies is associated with different subunits of the
457:
325:
299:
540:
66:(AMPA) receptor. Since then anti-GluR3 antibodies have been demonstrated in temporal lobe epilepsy,
511:
320:
89:
35:
100:
123:
expressing NMDA receptors. Notably, this is the second neuronal cell surface antigen (after anti-
104:
51:
21:
546:
518:
152:
99:
Antibodies against the NR1, NR2A and NR2B subunits of the NMDA receptor were described by
128:
589:
291:
39:
27:
31:
390:
116:
426:
362:
347:
120:
43:
112:
108:
445:
440:
148:
47:
260:
85:
63:
264:
357:
107:
and colleagues in women presenting with psychiatric symptoms,
131:
and colleagues) associated with autoimmune encephalitis.
64:
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid
562:
499:
473:
424:
406:
298:
276:
8:
283:
269:
261:
38:samples of a variety of disorders such as
163:
7:
14:
145:metabotropic glutamate receptor 1
139:Additionally, antibodies to the
127:(VGKC) antibodies described by
125:voltage-gated potassium channel
88:(NMDA) receptor. Patients with
80:Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
1:
94:systemic lupus erythematosus
68:epilepsia partialis continua
436:Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic
408:Anti-mitochondrial antibody
612:
552:Anti-citrullinated peptide
77:
343:Anti-topoisomerase/Scl-70
465:Anti-TPO/Antimicrosomal
525:Anti-transglutaminase
300:Anti-nuclear antibody
246:25;287(5457):1453-60.
180:Oct;131(1-2):179-85.
86:N-methyl-D-aspartate
70:and focal epilepsy.
16:Type of autoantibody
575:Anti-apolipoprotein
512:Lupus anticoagulant
90:limbic encephalitis
36:cerebrospinal fluid
563:Multiple locations
453:Anti-smooth muscle
52:autoimmune disease
22:glutamate receptor
583:
582:
570:Anti-phospholipid
547:Rheumatoid factor
236:Mar;53(3):325-36.
603:
532:not autoantibody
481:Anti-ganglioside
416:Anti-cardiolipin
285:
278:
271:
262:
256:
253:
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217:Jan;61(1):25-36.
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92:, encephalitis,
611:
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586:
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584:
579:
558:
519:Coeliac disease
495:
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420:
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384:Anti-centromere
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143:subunit of the
137:
82:
76:
60:
17:
12:
11:
5:
609:
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596:Autoantibodies
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491:Anti-glutamate
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365:
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331:
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296:
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292:Autoantibodies
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258:
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157:
136:
133:
129:Angela Vincent
78:Main article:
75:
72:
59:
56:
54:pathogenesis.
28:autoantibodies
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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531:
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520:
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507:Anti-thrombin
505:
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500:Extracellular
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479:
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474:Cell membrane
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91:
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73:
71:
69:
65:
57:
55:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
23:
539:
530:Anti-gliadin
490:
398:Anti-histone
334:
307:
251:
241:
231:
222:
212:
203:
194:
185:
175:
166:
138:
101:Josep Dalmau
98:
83:
61:
40:encephalitis
30:detected in
19:
18:
117:dyskinesias
105:Erdem Tüzün
458:Anti-actin
391:Anti-dsDNA
326:Anti-sp100
316:Anti-gp210
159:References
135:Anti-mGluR
74:Anti-NMDAr
58:Anti-AMPAr
24:antibodies
427:cytoplasm
363:Anti-nRNP
590:Category
486:Anti-GBM
429:antibody
348:Anti-Jo1
321:Anti-p62
121:teratoma
113:seizures
44:epilepsy
373:Anti-La
368:Anti-Ro
358:Anti-Sm
109:amnesia
34:and/or
446:P-ANCA
441:C-ANCA
153:trauma
149:stroke
141:mGluR1
48:ataxia
425:Anti-
32:serum
20:Anti-
353:ENA4
151:and
46:and
26:are
336:ENA
309:PBC
592::
541:RA
521::
155:.
115:,
111:,
103:,
42:,
338::
311::
284:e
277:t
270:v
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