477:
The new standards came about in part because of new sensitive and specific testing procedures. These procedures are capable of detecting wheat or multiple cereals at concentrations as low as 1 part per million (PPM or 1 mg/kg). A new barley-sensitive ELISA called the R5 sandwich assay does not
422:
Anti-gliadin antibodies were one of the first serological markers for coeliac disease. Problematic with AGA is the typical sensitivity and specificity was about 85%. Gliadin peptides which are synthesized as the deamidated form have much higher sensitivity and specificity, creating 2 serological
431:
Anti-gliadin antibodies can be generated in mice or rabbits by immunizing whole purified gliadins, proteolytic fragments of gliadin, or synthetic peptides that represent epitopes of gliadin. After developing an immune response, B-cells from mice can be fused with immortalizing cells to form a
469:
The R5 sandwich assay is another such assay. This assay can recognize wheat, barley and rye, which makes it ideal for evaluating the presence of contaminants in gluten-free foods that do not contain oat. This antibody is a recommended testing protocol in a proposed revision of the
466:. The G12 antibody is the newest example which detects the most immunotoxic fragment, a 33-mer peptide from α-2 gliadin; available from Romer Laboratories and the Spanish company Biomedal. It recognizes the toxic fraction of wheat, barley, rye and also of oat.
990:. page 50-51. Committee on Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses. JOINT FAO/WHO FOOD STANDARDS PROGRAMME CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION. Thirty-first Session Geneva, Switzerland, 30 June â 4 July 2008, Codex Alimentarius Commission
816:
Denery-Papini S, Lauriére M, Branlard G, et al. (2007). "Influence of the allelic variants encoded at the Gli-B1 locus, responsible for a major allergen of wheat, on IgE reactivity for patients suffering from food allergy to wheat".
1003:
Hernando A, Mujico JR, Mena MC, LombardĂa M, MĂ©ndez E (June 2008). "Measurement of wheat gluten and barley hordeins in contaminated oats from Europe, the United States and Canada by
Sandwich R5 ELISA".
705:
Tucker NT, Barghuthy FS, Prihoda TJ, Kumar V, Lerner A, Lebenthal E (1988). "Antigliadin antibodies detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a marker of childhood celiac disease".
939:
Comino, Isabel; Ana Real; Laura de
Lorenzo; Hugh Cornell; Miguel Ăngel LĂłpez-Casado; Francisco Barro; Pedro Lorite; Ma Isabel Torres; Ăngel Cebolla; Carolina Sousa (12 February 2011).
1136:
852:
Agardh D (November 2007). "Antibodies against synthetic deamidated gliadin peptides and tissue transglutaminase for the identification of childhood celiac disease".
627:
Hadjivassiliou M, Gibson A, Davies-Jones GA, Lobo AJ, Stephenson TJ, Milford-Ward A (1996). "Does cryptic gluten sensitivity play a part in neurological illness?".
1233:
1064:
1469:
898:
BelĂ©n MorĂłn; Ăngel
Cebolla; Hamid Manyani; MoisĂ©s Ălvarez-Maqueda; Manuel MegĂas; MarĂa del Carmen Thomas; Manuel Carlos LĂłpez; Carolina Sousa (2008).
900:"Sensitive detection of cereal fractions that are toxic to celiac disease patients by using monoclonal antibodies to a main immunogenic wheat peptide"
1266:
1115:
330:
1535:
1419:
1474:
531:"Antibodies to gliadin detected by immunofluorescence and a micro-ELISA method: markers of active childhood and adult coeliac disease"
494:
Volta U, Cassani F, De
Franchis R, et al. (1984). "Antibodies to gliadin in adult coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis".
389:
775:
Matsuo, H.; Morita, E; Tatham, AS; Morimoto, K; Horikawa, T; Osuna, H; Ikezawa, Z; Kaneko, S; Kohno, K; Dekio, S (29 December 2003).
1508:
1448:
1299:
1179:
1057:
365:
740:
Collin P, MÀki M, KeyrilÀinen O, HÀllström O, Reunala T, Pasternack A (1992). "Selective IgA deficiency and coeliac disease".
1558:
777:"Identification of the IgE-binding Epitope in -5 Gliadin, a Major Allergen in Wheat-dependent Exercise-induced Anaphylaxis"
1326:
358:
321:. It is directed against the alpha/beta and gamma (α,ÎČ,Îł) gliadins. It is also found in a number of patients who are not
941:"Diversity in oat potential immunogenicity: basis for the selection of oat varieties with no toxicity in coeliac disease"
1259:
271:, AA, BB, and DD. These alleles can produce slightly different gliadins, which can cause the body to produce different
1584:
1464:
1436:
1399:
1391:
1336:
1319:
1050:
1367:
1351:
1553:
1292:
1490:
1152:
1356:
1381:
1252:
1218:
1441:
1309:
1283:
1228:
437:
988:"Draft Revised Standard for Foods for Special Dietary Use for Persons intolerant to Gluten (at Step 8)"
1524:
991:
1579:
1495:
1304:
410:
992:
REPORT OF THE 29th SESSION OF THE CODEX COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION AND FOODS FOR SPECIAL DIETARY USES
1073:
1029:
652:
471:
393:
322:
297:
1530:
1021:
970:
921:
869:
834:
798:
757:
722:
687:
644:
609:
560:
511:
401:
397:
290:
580:"IgA antibodies of coeliac disease patients recognise a dominant T cell epitope of Î-gliadin"
1223:
1013:
960:
952:
911:
861:
826:
788:
749:
714:
679:
636:
599:
591:
550:
542:
503:
342:
1502:
1131:
1099:
670:
Crabbé P, Heremans J (1967). "Selective IgA deficiency with steatorrhea. A new syndrome".
354:
318:
301:
140:
77:
478:
detect gluten in any of 25 pure oat varieties, but it does detect barley, wheat and rye.
965:
940:
604:
579:
555:
530:
886:
718:
640:
1573:
1094:
683:
232:
228:
656:
333:. Clinically these antibodies and IgG antibodies to gliadin are abbreviated as AGA.
296:), while others react sporadically with certain species in those taxa, or over many
1275:
1033:
326:
198:
1017:
264:
887:
Antibody
Recognition against Native and Selectively Deamidated Gliadin Peptides
1374:
865:
753:
216:
1410:
1346:
956:
916:
899:
595:
433:
405:
381:
350:
329:
that respond favorably to a gluten elimination diet. This is referred to as
285:
212:
1025:
974:
925:
873:
838:
802:
793:
776:
613:
761:
726:
691:
648:
564:
515:
1331:
1166:
546:
455:
272:
256:
578:
Bateman EA, Ferry BL, Hall A, Misbah SA, Anderson R, Kelleher P (2004).
1202:
1197:
459:
441:
377:
276:
252:
107:
103:
99:
95:
41:
830:
507:
1429:
1424:
1189:
1042:
448:
385:
268:
202:
452:
444:
production to produce large amounts of a single antibody isoform.
260:
1244:
463:
280:
1248:
1046:
1341:
451:
in food products. Some of these antibodies can recognize only
349:, but is found at higher levels in patients with the IgA-less
346:
423:
tests for CD that approach biopsy diagnostic in performance.
458:
or very closely related grass seeds; others can detect
440:(Mab or MoAb). Mab can be expressed in culture or via
1546:
1483:
1457:
1408:
1390:
1282:
1211:
1188:
1165:
1145:
1124:
1108:
1087:
1080:
238:
222:
208:
194:
186:
178:
167:
162:
154:
146:
134:
126:
118:
113:
91:
83:
71:
63:
55:
47:
39:
29:
24:
364:Anti-gliadin antibodies are frequently found with
529:Volta U, Lenzi M, Lazzari R, et al. (1985).
317:This antibody is found in ~80% of patients with
376:The IgE antibodies are more typically found in
1260:
1234:List of people diagnosed with coeliac disease
1058:
163:Isoform-specific characteristics of Ï-gliadin
114:Isoform-specific characteristics of Îł-gliadin
8:
19:
1267:
1253:
1245:
1084:
1065:
1051:
1043:
18:
964:
915:
792:
603:
554:
40:Isoform-specific characteristics of α/ÎČ-
486:
904:American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
331:gluten-sensitive idiopathic neuropathy
275:. Some of these antibodies can detect
7:
447:Mab can be used to detect levels of
392:. The target of the most allergenic
325:. Some of these patients may have
14:
267:it is encoded by three different
1180:Anti-transglutaminase antibodies
366:anti-transglutaminase antibodies
781:Journal of Biological Chemistry
67:Epithelial extracellular matrix
25:Common antibody characteristics
1:
719:10.1016/S0022-3476(88)80266-X
641:10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90540-1
359:non-celiac gluten sensitivity
353:. It is also associated with
1018:10.1097/MEG.0b013e3282f46597
854:Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol
684:10.1016/0002-9343(67)90031-9
390:exercise-induced anaphylaxis
380:-related conditions such as
251:are produced in response to
1420:Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic
1392:Anti-mitochondrial antibody
1006:Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol
400:, which is encoded by the
345:antibody is similar to AGA
1601:
1536:Anti-citrullinated peptide
1116:GS idiopathic neuropathies
1327:Anti-topoisomerase/Scl-70
1137:GSE associated conditions
866:10.1016/j.cgh.2007.05.024
754:10.3109/00365529209000089
1153:Dermatitis herpetiformis
951:(First Online): 915â22.
1449:Anti-TPO/Antimicrosomal
1175:Anti-gliadin antibodies
957:10.1136/gut.2010.225268
596:10.1136/gut.2003.032755
249:Anti-gliadin antibodies
158:DQ2.5, DQ8, DQ2.2/DQ7.5
16:Prolamin found in wheat
1219:Gluten immunochemistry
794:10.1074/jbc.M311340200
388:, and wheat-dependent
1509:Anti-transglutaminase
1284:Anti-nuclear antibody
1229:Gluten challenge test
917:10.1093/ajcn/87.2.405
742:Scand J Gastroenterol
438:monoclonal antibodies
190:Vascular, Respiratory
1146:integumentary system
547:10.1136/gut.26.7.667
1559:Anti-apolipoprotein
1496:Lupus anticoagulant
819:J. Agric. Food Chem
787:(13): 12135â12140.
418:Diagnostic serology
414:derived) of wheat.
411:Aegilops speltoides
173:Aegilops speltoides
21:
1585:Gluten sensitivity
1547:Multiple locations
1437:Anti-smooth muscle
1074:Gluten sensitivity
472:Codex Alimentarius
279:in specific grass
195:Affected tissue(s)
1567:
1566:
1554:Anti-phospholipid
1531:Rheumatoid factor
1242:
1241:
1161:
1160:
831:10.1021/jf062749k
508:10.1159/000199118
246:
245:
209:Affected cells(s)
187:Affected organ(s)
168:Biological source
130:(See α/ÎČ-gliadin)
127:Affected organ(s)
59:Intestine (Small)
56:Affected organ(s)
34:Triticum aestivum
1592:
1516:not autoantibody
1465:Anti-ganglioside
1400:Anti-cardiolipin
1269:
1262:
1255:
1246:
1224:Gluten-free diet
1125:digestive system
1085:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1000:
994:
985:
979:
978:
968:
936:
930:
929:
919:
895:
889:
884:
878:
877:
849:
843:
842:
813:
807:
806:
796:
772:
766:
765:
737:
731:
730:
702:
696:
695:
667:
661:
660:
635:(8998): 369â71.
624:
618:
617:
607:
590:(9): 1274â1278.
575:
569:
568:
558:
526:
520:
519:
491:
372:Anti-gliadin IgE
337:Anti-gliadin IgG
313:Anti-gliadin IgA
155:HLA associations
92:HLA associations
22:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1542:
1503:Coeliac disease
1479:
1453:
1404:
1386:
1368:Anti-centromere
1278:
1273:
1243:
1238:
1207:
1184:
1157:
1141:
1132:Coeliac disease
1120:
1104:
1100:Oat sensitivity
1076:
1071:
1041:
1002:
1001:
997:
986:
982:
938:
937:
933:
897:
896:
892:
885:
881:
860:(11): 1276â81.
851:
850:
846:
815:
814:
810:
774:
773:
769:
739:
738:
734:
704:
703:
699:
669:
668:
664:
626:
625:
621:
577:
576:
572:
528:
527:
523:
493:
492:
488:
484:
429:
427:Uses in testing
420:
374:
355:coeliac disease
339:
319:coeliac disease
315:
310:
233:Baker's Allergy
224:
141:Coeliac disease
136:
78:Coeliac disease
73:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1598:
1596:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1511:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1475:Anti-glutamate
1472:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1416:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1334:
1329:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1288:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1276:Autoantibodies
1274:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1249:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1109:nervous system
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1047:
1040:
1039:
995:
980:
931:
910:(2): 405â414.
890:
879:
844:
825:(3): 799â805.
808:
767:
732:
697:
662:
619:
570:
521:
485:
483:
480:
436:that produces
428:
425:
419:
416:
373:
370:
338:
335:
314:
311:
309:
306:
300:defined grass
244:
243:
240:
239:Antibody class
236:
235:
226:
220:
219:
210:
206:
205:
196:
192:
191:
188:
184:
183:
180:
176:
175:
169:
165:
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
148:
147:Antibody class
144:
143:
138:
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
120:
116:
115:
111:
110:
93:
89:
88:
85:
84:Antibody class
81:
80:
75:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
37:
36:
31:
30:Antigen source
27:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1597:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1491:Anti-thrombin
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:Extracellular
1482:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:Cell membrane
1456:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1095:Wheat allergy
1093:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1012:(6): 545â54.
1011:
1007:
999:
996:
993:
989:
984:
981:
976:
972:
967:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
935:
932:
927:
923:
918:
913:
909:
905:
901:
894:
891:
888:
883:
880:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
848:
845:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
812:
809:
804:
800:
795:
790:
786:
782:
778:
771:
768:
763:
759:
755:
751:
748:(5): 367â71.
747:
743:
736:
733:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
701:
698:
693:
689:
685:
681:
678:(2): 319â26.
677:
673:
666:
663:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
623:
620:
615:
611:
606:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
574:
571:
566:
562:
557:
552:
548:
544:
541:(7): 667â71.
540:
536:
532:
525:
522:
517:
513:
509:
505:
502:(4): 263â70.
501:
497:
490:
487:
481:
479:
475:
473:
467:
465:
461:
457:
454:
450:
445:
443:
442:ascites fluid
439:
435:
426:
424:
417:
415:
413:
412:
407:
404:found on the
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
371:
369:
367:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
336:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
312:
307:
305:
303:
299:
298:taxonomically
295:
293:
288:
287:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
241:
237:
234:
230:
227:
221:
218:
214:
211:
207:
204:
200:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
174:
170:
166:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
142:
139:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
109:
105:
101:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
79:
76:
70:
66:
64:Also affected
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
43:
38:
35:
32:
28:
23:
1523:
1514:Anti-gliadin
1513:
1382:Anti-histone
1318:
1291:
1174:
1009:
1005:
998:
987:
983:
948:
944:
934:
907:
903:
893:
882:
857:
853:
847:
822:
818:
811:
784:
780:
770:
745:
741:
735:
713:(2): 286â9.
710:
706:
700:
675:
671:
665:
632:
628:
622:
587:
583:
573:
538:
534:
524:
499:
495:
489:
476:
468:
446:
430:
421:
409:
375:
363:
340:
327:neuropathies
323:enteropathic
316:
291:
284:
248:
247:
179:Antigen gene
172:
119:Antigen gene
48:Antigen gene
33:
20:Anti-gliadin
462:over broad
402:Gli-1B gene
398:Ï-5 gliadin
265:bread wheat
217:Eosinophils
1580:Antibodies
1574:Categories
1442:Anti-actin
1375:Anti-dsDNA
1310:Anti-sp100
1300:Anti-gp210
1167:Antibodies
1081:Conditions
707:J. Pediatr
482:References
394:antibodies
273:antibodies
225:disease(s)
223:Associated
213:Mast cells
137:disease(s)
135:Associated
74:disease(s)
72:Associated
1411:cytoplasm
1347:Anti-nRNP
496:Digestion
456:prolamins
434:hybridoma
406:B haplome
382:urticaria
351:phenotype
292:Triticeae
286:Triticeae
259:found in
1470:Anti-GBM
1413:antibody
1332:Anti-Jo1
1305:Anti-p62
1026:18467914
975:21317420
926:18258632
874:17683995
839:17263477
803:14699123
672:Am J Med
657:37233945
614:15306584
460:antigens
308:Subtypes
283:such as
277:proteins
257:prolamin
150:IgA, IgG
87:IgA, IgG
1357:Anti-La
1352:Anti-Ro
1342:Anti-Sm
1203:HLA-DQ8
1198:HLA-DQ2
1088:general
1034:3128946
966:3112367
762:1529270
727:3397791
692:4959869
649:8598704
605:1774203
565:3894169
556:1432992
516:6391982
378:allergy
294:glutens
269:alleles
253:gliadin
42:gliadin
1430:P-ANCA
1425:C-ANCA
1190:HLA-DQ
1032:
1024:
973:
963:
924:
872:
837:
801:
760:
725:
690:
655:
647:
629:Lancet
612:
602:
563:
553:
514:
449:gluten
386:asthma
302:tribes
203:Dermis
182:Gli-B1
171:&
122:Gli-X3
51:Gli-X2
1409:Anti-
1212:Other
1030:S2CID
653:S2CID
453:wheat
263:. In
261:wheat
199:Serum
108:DQ7.5
104:DQ2.2
96:DQ2.5
1337:ENA4
1022:PMID
971:PMID
922:PMID
870:PMID
835:PMID
799:PMID
758:PMID
723:PMID
688:PMID
645:PMID
610:PMID
561:PMID
512:PMID
464:taxa
357:and
341:The
281:taxa
255:, a
1320:ENA
1293:PBC
1014:doi
961:PMC
953:doi
945:Gut
912:doi
862:doi
827:doi
789:doi
785:279
750:doi
715:doi
711:113
680:doi
637:doi
633:347
600:PMC
592:doi
584:Gut
551:PMC
543:doi
535:Gut
504:doi
396:is
347:IgA
343:IgG
242:IgE
229:EIA
100:DQ8
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1525:RA
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