265:. This changes the transition temperature (Tg) of the cell membrane, thereby placing the membrane in a less fluid, more crystalline state. (In ordinary circumstances membrane sterols increase the packing of the phospholipid bilayer making the plasma membrane more dense.) As a result, the cell's contents including monovalent ions (K, Na, H, and Cl) and small organic molecules leak, which is regarded as one of the primary ways a cell dies. Animal cells contain
4383:
4404:
4431:
58:
910:
Azoles are the group of antifungals which act on the cell membrane of fungi. They inhibit the enzyme 14-alpha-sterol demethylase, a microsomal CYP, which is required for the biosynthesis of ergosterol for the cytoplasmic membrane. This leads to the accumulation of 14-alpha-methylsterols resulting in
957:
as a potential human pathogen that sometimes exhibits multi-class antifungal drug resistance is concerning and has been associated with several outbreaks globally. The WHO has released a priority fungal pathogen list, including pathogens with antifungal resistance.
907:, a confirmation of the fungal infection should be made. Approximately half of suspected cases of fungal infection in nails have a non-fungal cause. The side effects of oral treatment are significant and people without an infection should not take these drugs.
214:
Like the oral route, this will reach the bloodstream and distribute throughout the body. However, it is faster and a good option if the drug has poor bioavailability. An example of this is IV amphotericin B for the treatment of coccidioidomycosis.
690:
is a topical antibacterial and antifungal. It is commonly used in hospitals as an antiseptic. It is much more strongly antibacterial than antifungal, requiring at least a 10 times higher concentration to kill yeast compared to gram negative
911:
impairment of function of certain membrane-bound enzymes and disruption of close packing of acyl chains of phospholipids, thus inhibiting growth of the fungi. Some azoles directly increase permeability of the fungal cell membrane.
162:
Indicated when the fungal infection is located in the eye. There is currently only one ocular antifungal available. This is
Natamycin. However, various other antifungal agents could be compounded in this formulation.
278:. As a polyene's hydrophobic chain is shortened, its sterol binding activity is increased. Therefore, further reduction of the hydrophobic chain may result in it binding to cholesterol, making it toxic to animals.
949:
Unlike resistance to antibacterials, antifungal resistance can be driven by antifungal use in agriculture. Currently there is no regulation on the use of similar antifungal classes in agriculture and the clinic.
2305:
269:
instead of ergosterol and so they are much less susceptible. However, at therapeutic doses, some amphotericin B may bind to animal membrane cholesterol, increasing the risk of human toxicity. Amphotericin B is
171:
Used occasionally when there's an infection of the central nervous system and other systemic options cannot reach the concentration required in that region for therapeutic benefit. Example(s): amphotericin B.
223:
The available classes of antifungal drugs are still limited but as of 2021 novel classes of antifungals are being developed and are undergoing various stages of clinical trials to assess performance.
180:
This may be used to treat some fungal infections of the vaginal region. An example of a condition they are sometimes used for is candida vulvovaginitis which is treated with intravaginal
Clotrimazole
1525:
647:(ciclopirox olamine) – a hydroxypyridone antifungal that interferes with active membrane transport, cell membrane integrity, and fungal respiratory processes. It is most useful against
1747:
1547:
4335:
3415:
938:) exhibit intrinsic resistance to certain antifungal drugs or classes, whereas some species develop antifungal resistance to external pressures. Antifungal resistance is a
923:, that specifically applies to fungi that have become resistant to antifungals. Resistance to antifungals can arise naturally, for example by genetic mutation or through
2186:
2297:
2408:
Mehregan DR, Gee SL (December 1999). "The cost effectiveness of testing for onychomycosis versus empiric treatment of onychodystrophies with oral antifungal agents".
1495:
4392:
2438:
2354:
1988:
1518:"Research and Markets: Global Antifungal Therapeutics (Polyenes, Azoles, Echinocandins, Allylamines) Market:Trends and Opportunities (2014-2019) | Business Wire"
245:. A polyene antifungal is a macrocyclic polyene with a heavily hydroxylated region on the ring opposite the conjugated system. This makes polyene antifungals
3405:
849:
Incidents of liver injury or failure among modern antifungal medicines are very low to non-existent. However, some can cause allergic reactions in people.
1517:
4186:
194:
This is sometimes indicated when there's a fungal infection on the skin. An example is tinea pedis; this is sometimes treated with topical terbinafine.
3383:
864:, which (among other functions) excretes toxins and drugs into the intestines. Azole antifungals are also both substrates and inhibitors of the
897:
2012:"In vitro antifungal activity of miltefosine and levamisole: their impact on ergosterol biosynthesis and cell permeability of dimorphic fungi"
3759:
3349:
2633:
2542:
1386:
1048:
1731:
4046:
4039:
785:
4146:
2266:
1555:
3789:
3652:
2203:
856:. Patients must read in detail the enclosed data sheet(s) of any medicine. For example, the azole antifungals such as ketoconazole or
340:. These compounds have a five-membered ring containing two or three nitrogen atoms. The imidazole antifungals contain a 1,3-diazole (
1889:
1741:
2548:
2169:
1770:
1584:
2219:
Kyriakidis I, Tragiannidis A, Munchen S, Groll AH (February 2017). "Clinical hepatotoxicity associated with antifungal agents".
3942:
3398:
2350:
2332:
4456:
3116:
1430:
2683:
1487:
809:– a thiocarbamate antifungal, which inhibits fungal squalene epoxidase (similar mechanism to allylamines like terbinafine)
337:
206:, this is a common route to handle a fungal infection. An example is the use of ketoconazole to treat coccidioidomycosis.
4421:
3641:
1400:
3423:
2472:"Dual use of antifungals in medicine and agriculture: How do we help prevent resistance developing in human pathogens?"
1578:"Echinocandins for the treatment of systemic fungal infection | Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Alliance (CARA)"
4252:
3366:
2336:
1980:
942:
concern, driven by multiple extrinsic factors, including extensive fungicidal use, overuse of clinical antifungals,
3902:
3391:
1907:"Flucytosine: a review of its pharmacology, clinical indications, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and drug interactions"
3184:
3154:
2626:
889:
2470:
Verweij PE, Arendrup MC, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Gold JA, Lockhart SR, Chiller T, et al. (20 October 2022).
3049:
920:
873:
554:
189:
146:
3957:
3635:
3486:
3354:
3284:
1130:
927:. Extended use of antifungals leads to the development of antifungal resistance through various mechanisms.
625:
3994:
3749:
3321:
2968:
982:
Fisher MC, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Berman J, Bicanic T, Bignell EM, Bowyer P, et al. (29 March 2022).
881:
825:
699:
142:
1695:
Sutton CL, Taylor ZE, Farone MB, Handy ST (February 2017). "Antifungal activity of substituted aurones".
3679:
3615:
3460:
2010:
Brilhante RS, Caetano EP, Lima RA, Castelo Branco DS, Serpa R, Oliveira JS, et al. (October 2015).
131:
4451:
3754:
3734:
3603:
2619:
2072:
943:
344:) ring (two nitrogen atoms), whereas the triazole antifungals have a ring with three nitrogen atoms.
4461:
4363:
4099:
3885:
3664:
3491:
3111:
2927:
250:
232:
4403:
4397:
4262:
4121:
3575:
3274:
3244:
3239:
2564:
2511:
2396:
2244:
2041:
1634:
1154:"Consensus for the Treatment of Tinea Pedis: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials"
877:
796:
791:
779:
673:
664:
512:
31:
2118:
Hope WW, McEntee L, Livermore J, Whalley S, Johnson A, Farrington N, et al. (August 2017).
2061:"F901318 represents a novel class of antifungal drug that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase"
1229:
Hoenigl M, Sprute R, Egger M, Arastehfar A, Cornely OA, Krause R, et al. (9 October 2021).
314:
4358:
4141:
4131:
4034:
3864:
3820:
3804:
3608:
3598:
3541:
3531:
3135:
2596:– Detailed information on antifungals from the Fungal Guide written by R. Thomas and K. Barber
2538:
2503:
2446:
2417:
2388:
2236:
2199:
2149:
2120:"Aspergillus fumigatus: New Opportunities for Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Fungal Disease"
2100:
2059:
Oliver JD, Sibley GE, Beckmann N, Dobb KS, Slater MJ, McEntee L, et al. (November 2016).
2033:
1955:
1928:
1885:
1854:
1819:
1737:
1712:
1677:
1669:
1626:
1469:
1392:
1382:
1352:
1303:
1268:
1250:
1231:"The Antifungal Pipeline: Fosmanogepix, Ibrexafungerp, Olorofim, Opelconazole, and Rezafungin"
1193:
1175:
1103:
1085:
1044:
1021:
1003:
853:
757:
648:
629:
242:
138:
119:
2593:
2274:
1652:
Polak A (1983). "Antifungal activity in vitro of Ro 14-4767/002, a phenylpropyl-morpholine".
4368:
4191:
4116:
4104:
4029:
3895:
3774:
3563:
3279:
3229:
2493:
2483:
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2228:
2191:
2139:
2131:
2090:
2080:
2023:
1918:
1877:
1846:
1809:
1801:
1704:
1661:
1618:
1461:
1342:
1334:
1295:
1258:
1242:
1183:
1165:
1093:
1077:
1011:
995:
821:
767:
579:
551:
1286:
Baginski M, Czub J (June 2009). "Amphotericin B and its new derivatives - mode of action".
4435:
4408:
4353:
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4217:
4056:
3989:
3984:
3870:
3816:
3657:
3548:
3501:
2861:
2851:
2576:
2531:
WHO fungal priority pathogens list to guide research, development and public health action
2371:
Roberts DT, Taylor WD, Boyle J (March 2003). "Guidelines for treatment of onychomycosis".
2345:
2341:
885:
865:
838:
577:
Echinocandins are administered intravenously, particularly for the treatment of resistant
203:
2529:
2498:
2471:
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1774:
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4136:
4126:
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3947:
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3875:
3847:
3799:
3794:
3526:
3481:
3477:
3360:
3291:
3234:
3204:
3189:
2957:
2846:
2298:"Drug Development and Drug Interactions | Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers"
2144:
2119:
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2060:
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1789:
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1016:
983:
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771:
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633:
282:
104:
1805:
17:
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4319:
4292:
4151:
3969:
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3856:
3719:
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3536:
3451:
3194:
3090:
3064:
2871:
2823:
2789:
2744:
2714:
2515:
2384:
2045:
1347:
1322:
687:
592:
561:
470:
455:
445:
440:
435:
408:
373:
275:
258:
2400:
2248:
1837:
Docampo R, Moreno SN (1990). "The metabolism and mode of action of gentian violet".
1638:
4277:
4196:
3932:
3890:
3724:
3714:
3630:
3625:
3316:
3301:
3214:
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904:
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720:
677:
621:
539:
485:
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388:
383:
363:
358:
63:
3835:
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2195:
1381:(4th ed.), Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston,
4161:
4071:
3811:
3764:
3709:
3592:
3558:
3335:
3296:
3254:
3224:
3125:
3069:
3005:
2993:
2841:
2833:
2828:
2799:
2794:
2784:
2779:
2754:
2729:
1947:
1422:
935:
775:
739:
724:
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566:
528:
480:
450:
418:
413:
403:
398:
378:
271:
266:
246:
127:
111:
2488:
2065:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1733:
Wilson and
Gisvold's Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
1708:
1299:
1246:
999:
788:- for use only on thicker, more insensitive skin such as the soles of the feet.
4339:
4310:
4268:
4237:
4232:
4171:
4166:
4156:
4094:
4080:
4020:
3975:
3923:
3843:
3839:
3780:
3740:
3695:
3691:
3581:
3517:
3467:
3432:
3428:
3325:
3306:
3269:
3264:
3249:
3219:
3199:
3164:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3035:
3014:
2979:
2932:
2769:
2719:
2704:
2668:
1850:
1665:
939:
924:
829:
806:
745:
733:
715:
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644:
609:
604:
571:
520:
516:
508:
393:
353:
333:
329:
287:
262:
134:
48:
2600:
1673:
1374:
1254:
1179:
1089:
1007:
4247:
4227:
4201:
4176:
4111:
4089:
3917:
3830:
3704:
3311:
3259:
2988:
2947:
2913:
2739:
2695:
2611:
2085:
893:
812:
751:
547:
524:
497:
368:
341:
303:
107:
2507:
2450:
2421:
2392:
2240:
2153:
2104:
2037:
1959:
1932:
1923:
1906:
1823:
1716:
1630:
1488:"As Fungal Infections Expand, so Does Market | GEN Magazine Articles | GEN"
1473:
1396:
1307:
1272:
1197:
1107:
1025:
2135:
1881:
1858:
1681:
1622:
1356:
736:– discontinued due to the emergence of antifungals with fewer side effects
4348:
4212:
4208:
4181:
3620:
3553:
3472:
3209:
2952:
2904:
2814:
1609:
Cappelletty D, Eiselstein-McKitrick K (March 2007). "The echinocandins".
1081:
816:
659:
309:
123:
27:
Pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis
1338:
4324:
4242:
3907:
3674:
3496:
3446:
3330:
2942:
1452:
Ameen M (March 2010). "Epidemiology of superficial fungal infections".
1170:
984:"Tackling the emerging threat of antifungal resistance to human health"
728:
681:
298:
292:
238:
115:
72:
2028:
2011:
87:
4006:
3669:
869:
801:
615:
543:
254:
57:
872:, causing increased concentration when administering, for example,
4306:
4016:
3511:
2679:
325:
1122:
4010:
748:– blocks formation of chitin present in the cell wall of fungus.
3387:
2615:
1152:
Ward H, Parkes N, Smith C, Kluzek S, Pearson R (April 2022).
137:, and others. Such drugs are usually obtained by a doctor's
1552:
nurse-practitioners-and-physician-assistants.advanceweb.com
612:– a morpholine derivative used topically in dermatophytosis
1773:. Southwestern Oklahoma State University. Archived from
1736:. Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
832:; fungistatic, antibacterial, antiviral, and inhibits
4419:
3416:
2337:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
2184:
Gendimenico GJ (2007). "Dermatotherapeutic Agents".
1790:"Using Copper to Improve the Well-Being of the Skin"
1321:
Sheehan DJ, Hitchcock CA, Sibley CM (January 1999).
1066:"Intrathecal Antibacterial and Antifungal Therapies"
1043:(3rd ed.). United states: McGraw Hill Medical.
1039:
Mcgee K (2019). "Chapter 68 - Ocular pharmacology".
4333:
4305:
4261:
4070:
4005:
3968:
3916:
3829:
3773:
3733:
3690:
3574:
3510:
3422:
3177:
3153:
3134:
3110:
3103:
3048:
3027:
3004:
2978:
2967:
2926:
2903:
2813:
2694:
2678:
2667:
2658:
903:Before oral antifungal therapies are used to treat
81:
71:
41:
2173:. Vol. 4 (8th ed.). 2010. p. 74.48.
1905:Vermes A, Guchelaar HJ, Dankert J (August 2000).
2445:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
2260:
2258:
1872:Leikin JB, Paloucek FP, eds. (10 August 2007).
2187:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
1323:"Current and emerging azole antifungal agents"
1216:Pharmacotherapy: a pathophysiological approach
130:(thrush), serious systemic infections such as
3399:
2627:
860:can be both substrates and inhibitors of the
8:
3414:Major chemical drug groups – based upon the
2439:"Antifungal Ergosterol Synthesis Inhibitors"
1697:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters
680:properties and was formerly important as a
3406:
3392:
3384:
3107:
2975:
2691:
2675:
2664:
2634:
2620:
2612:
2327:
2325:
2323:
1987:. University of Alberta. 6 November 2006.
1373:Dixon DM, Walsh TJ (1996), Baron S (ed.),
770:– preferred treatment for lymphocutaneous
754:(F901318) – pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor
295:– 35 carbons, binds to cholesterol (toxic)
56:
2497:
2487:
2143:
2094:
2084:
2027:
1922:
1911:The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
1813:
1346:
1262:
1187:
1169:
1097:
1064:Nau R, Blei C, Eiffert H (17 June 2020).
1015:
742:works by damaging fungal cell membranes
676:. It has antibacterial, antifungal, and
624:– has antifungal properties, such as in
149:is a growing threat to health globally.
4426:
2437:Herrick EJ, Patel P, Hashmi MF (2024),
967:
4393:Pharmacological classification systems
3760:Selective estrogen receptor modulators
2572:
2562:
977:
975:
973:
971:
815:– hydrolysed to acetic acid by fungal
328:antifungals inhibit the conversion of
306:– 33 carbons, binds well to ergosterol
38:
4040:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
1498:from the original on 6 September 2015
1368:
1366:
1209:
1207:
919:Antifungal resistance is a subset of
7:
2551:from the original on 26 October 2022
2357:from the original on 1 December 2013
2308:from the original on 4 November 2020
1750:from the original on 14 January 2023
3653:Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
1991:from the original on 1 January 2007
1590:from the original on 9 October 2021
1123:"Candida vulvovaginitis: Treatment"
2373:The British Journal of Dermatology
1466:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2009.12.005
25:
1874:Poisoning and Toxicology Handbook
1806:10.2174/2212796809666150227223857
1528:from the original on 4 March 2016
1403:from the original on 12 July 2023
782:). The mode of action is obscure.
4429:
4402:
4382:
4381:
2385:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05242.x
1433:from the original on 10 May 2023
1133:from the original on 15 May 2023
3790:Hypothalamic–pituitary hormones
3117:thymidylate synthase inhibitors
2351:American Academy of Dermatology
2333:American Academy of Dermatology
2016:Journal of Applied Microbiology
618:– possess antifungal properties
2296:Research Cf (24 August 2022).
2267:"Antifungal Drug Interactions"
2170:Rook's Textbook of Dermatology
515:, another enzyme required for
1:
3542:Thrombolytics / fibrinolytics
2233:10.1080/14740338.2017.1270264
2221:Expert Opinion on Drug Safety
2196:10.1002/14356007.a08_301.pub2
1460:(2). Elsevier Inc.: 197–201.
1327:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
1070:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
4253:Wakefulness-promoting agents
1946:Olson JM, Troxell T (2021).
519:synthesis. Examples include
241:is a molecule with multiple
988:Nature Reviews Microbiology
202:If the antifungal has good
4478:
3903:Intravenous immunoglobulin
2489:10.1016/j.drup.2022.100885
1730:Wilson G, Block B (2004).
1709:10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.012
1300:10.2174/138920009788898019
1247:10.1007/s40265-021-01611-0
1000:10.1038/s41579-022-00720-1
338:lanosterol 14α-demethylase
230:
187:
141:, but a few are available
114:used to treat and prevent
29:
4377:
3344:
3185:bromochlorosalicylanilide
3155:Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
1954:. StatPearls Publishing.
1851:10.3109/03602539009041083
1666:10.1080/00362178385380321
890:tricyclic antidepressants
86:
55:
46:
3958:Topoisomerase inhibitors
3642:renin–angiotensin system
3636:Calcium channel blockers
1794:Current Chemical Biology
1788:Borkow G (August 2014).
1427:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
921:antimicrobial resistance
874:calcium channel blockers
708:(5-fluorocytosine) – an
555:1,3-Beta-glucan synthase
542:inhibit the creation of
190:Topical antifungal drugs
153:Routes of administration
145:(OTC). The evolution of
30:Not to be confused with
2605:Clotrimazole (Canesten)
2476:Drug Resistance Updates
2344:: an initiative of the
2086:10.1073/pnas.1608304113
1839:Drug Metabolism Reviews
1288:Current Drug Metabolism
243:conjugated double bonds
3750:Hormonal contraception
3680:Bile acid sequestrants
3461:Proton-pump inhibitors
3424:gastrointestinal tract
2969:Squalene monooxygenase
2806:Systemic: ketoconazole
1454:Clinics in Dermatology
882:chemotherapeutic drugs
826:unsaturated fatty acid
786:Potassium permanganate
700:Diiodohydroxyquinoline
101:antimycotic medication
77:antimycotic medication
18:Anti-fungal medication
4457:Anti-infective agents
2997:Systemic: terbinafine
2136:10.1128/mBio.01157-17
1882:10.3109/9781420044805
1623:10.1592/phco.27.3.369
834:Candida morphogenesis
828:derived from natural
147:antifungal resistance
97:antifungal medication
4359:Radiopharmaceuticals
4147:Antiparkinson agents
3285:Whitfield's ointment
3112:Pyrimidine analogues
2928:Polyene antimycotics
2607:. Bayer Philippines.
2167:"Systemic Therapy".
1924:10.1093/jac/46.2.171
1522:www.businesswire.com
1494:. 15 February 2012.
1379:Medical Microbiology
1082:10.1128/CMR.00190-19
944:environmental change
852:There are also many
641:(Castellani's paint)
626:Whitfield's ointment
251:polyene antimycotics
4142:Antimigraine agents
4132:Antidementia agents
4035:Anti-inflammatories
3725:Medicated dressings
3665:Antihyperlipidemics
3492:Diabetes medication
2537:. 25 October 2022.
2077:2016PNAS..11312809O
2071:(45): 12809–12814.
1558:on 1 September 2017
1375:"Antifungal Agents"
1339:10.1128/cmr.12.1.40
1041:Naplex review guide
233:Polyene antimycotic
99:, also known as an
3995:Immunosuppressants
3865:Antimycobacterials
3821:Antithyroid agents
3805:Mineralocorticoids
3609:Cardiac stimulants
3599:Cardiac glycosides
3591:cardiac therapy /
3487:Anti-obesity drugs
3371:Never to phase III
3275:tribromometacresol
3245:sodium thiosulfate
3240:selenium disulfide
3136:Mitotic inhibitors
1524:. 28 August 2014.
1171:10.3390/jof8040351
946:and host factors.
878:immunosuppressants
797:Sodium thiosulfate
792:Selenium disulfide
780:basidiobolomycosis
674:triarylmethane dye
665:Copper(II) sulfate
513:squalene epoxidase
66:) antifungal cream
32:Antifungal protein
4417:
4416:
4320:Ophthalmologicals
4030:Anabolic steroids
3933:Anticancer agents
3896:Ectoparasiticides
3616:Antihypertensives
3564:Antifibrinolytics
3381:
3380:
3173:
3172:
3099:
3098:
3050:β-glucan synthase
3044:
3043:
3023:
3022:
2922:
2921:
2544:978-92-4-006024-1
2335:(February 2013).
2029:10.1111/jam.12891
1388:978-0-9631172-1-2
1241:(15): 1703–1729.
1050:978-1-260-13592-3
953:The emergence of
930:Some fungi (e.g.
854:drug interactions
774:and subcutaneous
758:Piroctone olamine
712:pyrimidine analog
649:tinea versicolour
93:
92:
16:(Redirected from
4469:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4425:
4406:
4385:
4384:
4369:Senotherapeutics
4223:Neuroprotectives
4218:Mood stabilizers
4117:Anti-ADHD agents
4057:Muscle relaxants
3990:Immunostimulants
3985:Immunomodulators
3817:Thyroid hormones
3755:Fertility agents
3658:Renin inhibitors
3549:Antihemorrhagics
3516:forming organs (
3502:Dietary minerals
3408:
3401:
3394:
3385:
3280:undecylenic acid
3230:potassium iodide
3108:
2976:
2692:
2676:
2665:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2613:
2608:
2594:Antifungal Drugs
2581:
2580:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2536:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2501:
2491:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2404:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2329:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2273:. Archived from
2262:
2253:
2252:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2190:(7th ed.).
2181:
2175:
2174:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2147:
2130:(4): e01157-17.
2115:
2109:
2108:
2098:
2088:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2031:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1926:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1817:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1777:on 17 June 2008.
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1654:Medical Mycology
1649:
1643:
1642:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1589:
1582:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1554:. Archived from
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1370:
1361:
1360:
1350:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1266:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1218:(11th ed.).
1211:
1202:
1201:
1191:
1173:
1158:Journal of Fungi
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1101:
1076:(3): e00190–19.
1061:
1055:
1054:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1019:
979:
822:Undecylenic acid
768:Potassium iodide
143:over the counter
60:
39:
21:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4430:
4428:
4420:
4418:
4413:
4409:Medicine portal
4373:
4329:
4301:
4296:
4288:Cough medicines
4283:Bronchodilators
4264:
4257:
4137:Antidepressants
4127:Anticonvulsants
4075:
4066:
4062:Bisphosphonates
4052:Corticosteroids
4014:
4001:
3973:
3964:
3948:Spindle poisons
3938:Antimetabolites
3921:
3912:
3834:
3825:
3800:Glucocorticoids
3795:Corticosteroids
3776:
3769:
3736:
3729:
3686:
3604:Antiarrhythmics
3577:
3570:
3527:Antithrombotics
3515:
3506:
3482:Antipropulsives
3478:Antidiarrhoeals
3455:
3426:
3418:
3412:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3361:Clinical trials
3340:
3169:
3149:
3130:
3115:
3095:
3052:
3040:
3019:
3000:
2996:
2971:
2963:
2955:
2930:
2918:
2899:
2852:fosravuconazole
2809:
2685:
2684:lanosterol 14α-
2671:
2660:
2654:
2640:
2599:
2590:
2585:
2584:
2571:
2561:
2554:
2552:
2545:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2455:
2453:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2407:
2370:
2360:
2358:
2346:ABIM Foundation
2342:Choosing Wisely
2331:
2330:
2321:
2311:
2309:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2277:on 19 June 2010
2264:
2263:
2256:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2206:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1964:
1962:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1845:(2–3): 161–78.
1836:
1835:
1831:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1753:
1751:
1744:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1611:Pharmacotherapy
1608:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1561:
1559:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1436:
1434:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1406:
1404:
1389:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1038:
1037:
1033:
981:
980:
969:
964:
917:
886:benzodiazepines
866:cytochrome P450
847:
839:Zinc pyrithione
601:
589:
537:
506:
494:
427:
350:
323:
235:
229:
221:
212:
204:bioavailability
200:
192:
186:
178:
169:
160:
155:
67:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4475:
4473:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4444:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4354:Contrast media
4351:
4345:
4343:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4316:
4314:
4307:sensory organs
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4274:
4272:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4152:Antipsychotics
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4122:Antiaddictives
4119:
4114:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4092:
4086:
4084:
4077:nervous system
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4047:Antirheumatics
4044:
4043:
4042:
4032:
4026:
4024:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3992:
3981:
3979:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3953:Antineoplastic
3950:
3945:
3940:
3929:
3927:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3886:Antiprotozoals
3881:Antiparasitics
3878:
3873:
3868:
3861:Antibacterials
3857:Antimicrobials
3853:
3851:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3814:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3792:
3786:
3784:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3720:Antipsoriatics
3717:
3712:
3707:
3701:
3699:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3648:ACE inhibitors
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3587:
3585:
3576:cardiovascular
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3537:Anticoagulants
3534:
3523:
3521:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3449:
3438:
3436:
3420:
3419:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3388:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3292:citronella oil
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3235:salicylic acid
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3205:crystal violet
3202:
3197:
3192:
3190:chlorophetanol
3187:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3160:
3158:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3140:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3121:
3119:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3056:
3054:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3010:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2982:
2973:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2958:amphotericin B
2950:
2945:
2938:
2936:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2909:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2847:fosfluconazole
2844:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2819:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2700:
2698:
2689:
2673:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2601:"Clotrimazole"
2597:
2589:
2588:External links
2586:
2583:
2582:
2573:|website=
2543:
2521:
2462:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2405:
2367:, which cites
2319:
2288:
2254:
2227:(2): 149–165.
2211:
2205:978-3527306732
2204:
2176:
2159:
2110:
2051:
2002:
1972:
1948:"Griseofulvin"
1938:
1897:
1890:
1864:
1829:
1780:
1771:"Anti-Fungals"
1761:
1742:
1722:
1703:(4): 901–903.
1687:
1660:(3): 205–213.
1644:
1601:
1569:
1548:"Tinea Cruris"
1539:
1509:
1479:
1444:
1413:
1387:
1362:
1313:
1278:
1221:
1203:
1144:
1113:
1056:
1049:
1031:
994:(9): 557–571.
966:
965:
963:
960:
932:Candida krusei
916:
913:
862:P-glycoprotein
846:
843:
842:
841:
836:
819:
810:
804:
799:
794:
789:
783:
772:sporotrichosis
765:
763:Pentanenitrile
760:
755:
749:
743:
737:
731:
718:
713:
710:antimetabolite
703:
697:
695:Chlorophetanol
692:
685:
670:Crystal violet
667:
662:
657:
652:
642:
639:Carbol fuchsin
636:
634:Balsam of Peru
630:Friar's Balsam
619:
613:
607:
600:
597:
596:
595:
588:
585:
575:
574:
569:
564:
546:in the fungal
536:
533:
505:
502:
501:
500:
493:
490:
489:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
426:
423:
422:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
349:
346:
336:by inhibiting
322:
319:
318:
317:
312:
307:
301:
296:
290:
285:
283:Amphotericin B
261:, principally
257:in the fungal
231:Main article:
228:
225:
220:
217:
211:
208:
199:
196:
188:Main article:
185:
182:
177:
174:
168:
165:
159:
156:
154:
151:
120:athlete's foot
105:pharmaceutical
91:
90:
84:
83:
79:
78:
75:
69:
68:
61:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4474:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4437:
4427:
4423:
4410:
4405:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4337:
4332:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4298:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4278:Decongestants
4276:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4197:Dissociatives
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4187:Hallucinogens
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3971:
3967:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3919:
3915:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3891:Anthelmintics
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3832:
3828:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3735:genitourinary
3732:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3715:Antipruritics
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3631:Beta blockers
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3573:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3532:Antiplatelets
3530:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3409:
3404:
3402:
3397:
3395:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3195:chlorphenesin
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3104:Intracellular
3102:
3092:
3091:ibrexafungerp
3089:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3065:anidulafungin
3062:
3061:echinocandins
3058:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2959:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2929:
2925:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2872:oteseconazole
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2862:isavuconazole
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2824:efinaconazole
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2790:sertaconazole
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2745:fenticonazole
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2715:chlormidazole
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2625:
2623:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2578:
2566:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2533:
2532:
2525:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2463:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2430:
2423:
2419:
2416:(6): 407–10.
2415:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2379:(3): 402–10.
2378:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2289:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2212:
2207:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2180:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2003:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1898:
1893:
1891:9780429195648
1887:
1883:
1879:
1876:. CRC Press.
1875:
1868:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1800:(2): 89–102.
1799:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1762:
1749:
1745:
1743:0-7817-3481-9
1739:
1735:
1734:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1617:(3): 369–88.
1616:
1612:
1605:
1602:
1586:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1445:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1414:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1294:(5): 459–69.
1293:
1289:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1145:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
978:
976:
974:
972:
968:
961:
959:
956:
955:Candida auris
951:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
928:
926:
922:
914:
912:
908:
906:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
850:
844:
840:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
820:
818:
814:
811:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
777:
773:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
730:
727:and inhibits
726:
722:
719:
717:
714:
711:
707:
704:
701:
698:
696:
693:
689:
688:Chlorhexidine
686:
683:
679:
675:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
650:
646:
643:
640:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
606:
603:
602:
598:
594:
593:Ibrexafungerp
591:
590:
587:Triterpenoids
586:
584:
582:
581:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
562:Anidulafungin
560:
559:
558:
556:
553:
549:
545:
541:
540:Echinocandins
535:Echinocandins
534:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
503:
499:
496:
495:
491:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
471:Propiconazole
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
456:Isavuconazole
454:
452:
449:
447:
446:Epoxiconazole
444:
442:
441:Efinaconazole
439:
437:
436:Cyproconazole
434:
432:
429:
428:
424:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
409:Sertaconazole
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
374:Fenticonazole
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
351:
347:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
320:
316:
313:
311:
308:
305:
302:
300:
297:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
280:
279:
277:
276:intravenously
273:
268:
264:
260:
259:cell membrane
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
234:
226:
224:
218:
216:
209:
207:
205:
197:
195:
191:
183:
181:
175:
173:
166:
164:
157:
152:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
106:
102:
98:
89:
85:
80:
76:
74:
70:
65:
59:
54:
51:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4192:Psychedelics
4162:Aphrodisiacs
3836:infestations
3812:Sex hormones
3765:Sex hormones
3710:Cicatrizants
3640:
3626:Vasodilators
3593:antianginals
3590:
3442:stomach acid
3441:
3317:tea tree oil
3302:lemon myrtle
3215:ethylparaben
3145:griseofulvin
3006:Benzylamines
2895:ravuconazole
2890:albaconazole
2882:voriconazole
2877:posaconazole
2867:itraconazole
2857:hexaconazole
2775:neticonazole
2765:luliconazole
2760:ketoconazole
2750:flutrimazole
2735:eberconazole
2725:clotrimazole
2710:butoconazole
2642:
2604:
2553:. Retrieved
2530:
2524:
2479:
2475:
2465:
2454:, retrieved
2442:
2432:
2413:
2409:
2376:
2372:
2359:. Retrieved
2340:
2310:. Retrieved
2301:
2291:
2279:. Retrieved
2275:the original
2271:doctorfungus
2270:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2185:
2179:
2168:
2162:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2068:
2064:
2054:
2022:(4): 962–9.
2019:
2015:
2005:
1993:. Retrieved
1984:
1981:"Haloprogin"
1975:
1963:. Retrieved
1951:
1941:
1917:(2): 171–9.
1914:
1910:
1900:
1873:
1867:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1797:
1793:
1783:
1775:the original
1764:
1752:. Retrieved
1732:
1725:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1572:
1560:. Retrieved
1556:the original
1551:
1542:
1530:. Retrieved
1521:
1512:
1500:. Retrieved
1491:
1482:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1435:. Retrieved
1426:
1416:
1405:, retrieved
1378:
1333:(1): 40–79.
1330:
1326:
1316:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1238:
1234:
1224:
1215:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1135:. Retrieved
1126:
1116:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1040:
1034:
991:
987:
954:
952:
948:
929:
918:
909:
905:nail disease
902:
858:itraconazole
851:
848:
845:Side effects
833:
725:microtubules
721:Griseofulvin
702:(Iodoquinol)
678:anthelmintic
622:Benzoic acid
578:
576:
538:
507:
486:Voriconazole
476:Ravuconazole
466:Posaconazole
461:Itraconazole
431:Albaconazole
389:Luliconazole
384:Ketoconazole
364:Clotrimazole
359:Butoconazole
324:
236:
222:
213:
201:
193:
179:
170:
161:
139:prescription
132:cryptococcal
100:
96:
94:
82:Legal status
64:clotrimazole
47:
36:
4452:Antifungals
4325:Otologicals
4297:antagonists
4263:respiratory
4238:Orexigenics
4233:Neurotoxins
4182:Euphoriants
4172:Entactogens
4167:Depressants
4157:Anxiolytics
4095:Anesthetics
3871:Antifungals
3468:Antiemetics
3456:antagonists
3357:from market
3336:pentamidine
3297:lemon grass
3255:taurolidine
3225:polynoxylin
3126:flucytosine
3070:caspofungin
2994:terbinafine
2980:Allylamines
2842:fluconazole
2834:terconazole
2829:fluconazole
2800:tioconazole
2795:sulconazole
2785:oxiconazole
2780:omoconazole
2755:isoconazole
2730:croconazole
2688:inhibitors)
2686:demethylase
2643:Antifungals
1995:17 February
1423:"Imidazole"
936:fluconazole
776:zygomycosis
740:Miltefosine
723:– binds to
706:Flucytosine
684:antiseptic.
567:Caspofungin
529:terbinafine
509:Allylamines
504:Allylamines
481:Terconazole
451:Fluconazole
419:Tioconazole
414:Sulconazole
404:Oxiconazole
399:Omoconazole
379:Isoconazole
274:when given
272:nephrotoxic
267:cholesterol
247:amphiphilic
210:Intravenous
167:Intrathecal
128:candidiasis
112:fungistatic
88:In Wikidata
4462:Fungicides
4446:Categories
4248:Stimulants
4228:Nootropics
4202:Deliriants
4177:Entheogens
4112:Anorectics
4090:Analgesics
3943:Alkylating
3876:Antivirals
3831:infections
3705:Emollients
3559:Coagulants
3429:metabolism
3326:atovaquone
3307:orange oil
3270:tolnaftate
3265:tolciclate
3250:sulbentine
3220:haloprogin
3200:ciclopirox
3165:tavaborole
3157:inhibitors
3143:Systemic:
3124:Systemic:
3085:rezafungin
3080:micafungin
3075:cilofungin
3059:Systemic:
3053:inhibitors
3036:amorolfine
3015:butenafine
2972:inhibitors
2956:Systemic:
2933:ergosterol
2840:Systemic:
2770:miconazole
2720:climbazole
2705:bifonazole
2696:Imidazoles
2672:inhibitors
2669:Ergosterol
2555:27 October
2482:: 100885.
2443:StatPearls
2361:5 December
2281:23 January
2265:Lewis RE.
1952:StatPearls
1754:8 November
1562:17 October
1532:17 October
1502:17 October
1437:2 December
1407:2 December
1214:Carver P.
1164:(4): 351.
962:References
940:One Health
925:aneuploidy
915:Resistance
894:macrolides
830:castor oil
807:Tolnaftate
746:Nikkomycin
734:Haloprogin
716:Fumagillin
655:Clioquinol
645:Ciclopirox
610:Amorolfine
605:Acrisorcin
572:Micafungin
552:inhibiting
521:butenafine
517:ergosterol
394:Miconazole
354:Bifonazole
348:Imidazoles
334:ergosterol
330:lanosterol
288:Candicidin
263:ergosterol
253:bind with
135:meningitis
62:Canesten (
49:Drug class
42:Antifungal
4398:ATC codes
4364:Dressings
4349:Antidotes
4213:Sedatives
4209:Hypnotics
3918:malignant
3775:endocrine
3621:Diuretics
3554:Platelets
3514:and blood
3473:Laxatives
3367:Phase III
3355:Withdrawn
3312:patchouli
3260:ticlatone
3163:Topical:
3034:Topical:
3013:Topical:
2989:naftifine
2987:Topical:
2960:, hamycin
2948:natamycin
2941:Topical:
2914:abafungin
2912:Topical:
2905:Thiazoles
2888:Unknown:
2822:Topical:
2815:Triazoles
2740:econazole
2703:Topical:
2575:ignored (
2565:cite book
2516:253052170
2456:26 August
2046:206011501
1769:Long SF.
1674:1369-3786
1421:PubChem.
1255:0012-6667
1180:2309-608X
1121:Sobel J.
1090:0893-8512
1008:1740-1526
817:esterases
813:Triacetin
752:Orotomide
583:species.
548:cell wall
525:naftifine
498:Abafungin
492:Thiazoles
425:Triazoles
369:Econazole
342:imidazole
315:Rimocidin
304:Natamycin
108:fungicide
4436:Medicine
4243:Serenics
3908:Vaccines
3675:Fibrates
3497:Vitamins
3447:Antacids
3210:dimazole
2953:nystatin
2935:binding)
2661:membrane
2549:Archived
2508:36283187
2499:10693676
2451:31869062
2422:10626104
2401:33750748
2393:12653730
2355:Archived
2312:17 April
2306:Archived
2249:43198078
2241:27927037
2154:28830945
2105:27791100
2038:26178247
1989:Archived
1985:DrugBank
1960:30726008
1933:10933638
1824:26361585
1748:Archived
1717:28094180
1639:32016049
1631:17316149
1585:Archived
1526:Archived
1496:Archived
1474:20347663
1431:Archived
1401:archived
1397:21413319
1308:19689243
1273:34626339
1198:35448582
1131:Archived
1127:UpToDate
1108:32349999
1026:35352028
691:bacteria
660:Coal tar
511:inhibit
310:Nystatin
227:Polyenes
124:ringworm
118:such as
73:Synonyms
4100:General
4007:muscles
3976:L03–L04
3972:disease
3924:L01–L02
3920:disease
3670:Statins
3331:dapsone
2943:hamycin
2145:5565967
2096:5111691
2073:Bibcode
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