Anticoagulant - Knowledge (XXG)

340:, limb gangrene, and purple toe syndrome. Skin necrosis and limb gangrene are most commonly observed on the third to eighth day of therapy. The exact pathogenesis of skin necrosis and limb gangrene is not completely understood but it is believed to be associated with warfarin's effect on inhibiting the production of protein C and protein S. Purple toe syndrome typically develops three to eight weeks after initiation of warfarin therapy. Other adverse effects of warfarin are associated with depletion of vitamin K, which can lead to inhibition of G1a proteins and growth arrest-specific gene 6, which can lead to increased risk of arterial calcification and heart valve, especially if too much Vitamin D is present. Warfarin's interference with G1a proteins has also been linked to abnormalities in fetal bone development in mothers who were treated with warfarin during pregnancy. Long-term warfarin and heparin usage have also been linked to osteoporosis. 982:(for factor Xa inhibitor) have been used in clinical settings with varying efficacy. Idarucizumab is a monoclonal antibody, approved by the US FDA in 2015, that reverses the effect of dabigatran by binding to both free and thrombin-bound dabigatran. Andexanet alfa is a recombinant modified human factor Xa decoy that reverses the effect of factor Xa inhibitors by binding at the active sites of factor Xa inhibitor and making it catalytically inactive. Andexanet alfa was approved by the US FDA in 2018. Another drug called ciraparantag, a potential reversal agent for direct factor Xa inhibitors, is still under investigation. Additionally, hemostatic reversal agents have also been used with varying efficacy to reverse the effects of DOACs. 51: 329:

incidence of bleeding of 15-20% per year and a life-threatening bleeding rate of 1-3% per year. Newer non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants appear to have fewer life-threatening bleeding events than warfarin. Additionally, patients aged 80 years or more may be especially susceptible to bleeding complications, with a rate of 13 bleeds per 100 person-years. Bleeding risk is especially important to consider in patients with renal impairment and NOAC therapy because all NOACs, to some extent, are excreted by the kidneys. Thus, patients with renal impairment may be at higher risk of increased bleeding.

800:(PD0348292) from Pfizer. Betrixaban is significant as it was in 2018, the only oral factor Xa inhibitor approved by the FDA for use in acutely medically ill patients. Darexaban development was discontinued in September 2011; in a trial for prevention of recurrences of myocardial infarction in addition to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), the drug did not demonstrate effectiveness, and the risk of bleeding was increased by approximately 300%. The development of letaxaban for acute coronary syndrome was discontinued in May 2011 following negative results from a Phase II study. 1227:) far outweigh the consequences of prolonged bleeding, which can be controlled with local measures. In patients with other existing medical conditions that can increase the risk of prolonged bleeding after dental treatment or receiving other therapy that can increase bleeding risk, dental practitioners may wish to consult the patient's physician to determine whether care can safely be delivered in a primary care office. Any suggested modification to the medication regimen before dental surgery should be done in consultation and on the advice of the patient's physician. 1231:

to the anticoagulant regimen is required. In patients deemed to be at higher risk of bleeding (e.g., patients with other medical conditions or undergoing more extensive procedures associated with higher bleeding risk), consideration may be given, in consultation with and on advice of the patient's physician, to postponing the timing of the daily dose of the anticoagulant until after the procedure; timing the dental intervention as late as possible after last dose of anticoagulant; or temporarily interrupting drug therapy for 24 to 48 hours.

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for reversal exist due to a longer history of use of warfarin and the ability to get a more accurate measurement of anticoagulation effect in a patient via measuring the INR (International Normalized Ratio). In general, vitamin K is most commonly used to reverse the effect of warfarin in non-urgent settings. However, in urgent settings or settings with extremely high INR (INR >20), hemostatic reversal agents such as fresh frozen plasma (FFP),

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continued by the patient to avoid any increase in the risk of a thromboembolic event. For dental procedures with a higher risk of bleeding complications (i.e. complex extractions, adjacent extractions leading to a large wound, or more than three extractions), the recommended practice is for the patient to miss or delay a dose of their DOAC before such procedures to minimize the effect on bleeding risk.

8833: 1898:...in a market now dominated by one of the oldest mainstay pills in medicine: the blood thinner warfarin. At least five next-generation blood thinners are in advanced testing to treat or prevent potentially debilitating or life-threatening blood clots in surgery and heart patients. First candidates could reach the market in 2009. 483:. Excessive intake of the food mentioned above should be avoided while taking anticoagulants, or if coagulability is being monitored, their intake should be kept approximately constant so that anticoagulant dosage can be maintained at a level high enough to counteract this effect without fluctuations in coagulability. 750:

Both DOACs and warfarin are equivalently effective, but compared to warfarin, DOACs have fewer drug interactions, no known dietary interactions, a wider therapeutic index, and have conventional dosing that does not require dose adjustments with constant monitoring. However, there is no countermeasure

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The most serious and common adverse side effects associated with anticoagulants are increased risk of bleeding, both nonmajor and major bleeding events. The bleeding risk depends on the class of anticoagulant agent used, the patient's age, and pre-existing health conditions. Warfarin has an estimated

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Things have changed dramatically with the introduction of the new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) — dabigatran, a factor IIa (thrombin) inhibitor, and the factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban and apixaban. Clinical trials have shown them therapeutically superior, or at least non-inferior, to VKAs, with less

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is in liquid form in the tube and is used for coagulation tests and blood transfusion bags. It binds calcium but not as strongly as EDTA. The correct proportion of this anticoagulant to blood is crucial because of the dilution, which can be reversed with the addition of calcium. Formulations include

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Based on limited evidence, the consensus appears to be that in most patients who are receiving the newer direct-acting oral anticoagulants (i.e., dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, or edoxaban) and undergoing dental treatment (in conjunction with usual local measures to control bleeding), no change

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With the growing number of patients taking oral anticoagulation therapy, studies into reversal agents are gaining increasing interest due to major bleeding events and the need for urgent anticoagulant reversal therapy. Reversal agents for warfarin are more widely studied, and established guidelines

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Recommendations of modifications to the usage/dosage of DOACs before dental treatments are made based on the balance of the bleeding risk of each procedure and also the individual's own bleeding risks and renal functionality. With low-bleeding-risk dental procedures, it is recommended that DOACs be

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Another potentially severe complication associated with heparin use is called heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). There are two distinct types: HIT 1) immune-mediated and 2) non-immune-mediated. Immune-mediated HIT most commonly arises five to ten days after exposure to heparin. Pathogenesis of

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Dental practitioners play an important role in the early detection of anticoagulant overdose through oral manifestations, as the patient does not show any symptoms. Dental treatment of patients taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication raises safety concerns in terms of the potential risk of

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methods to minimize bleeding risk during the operation as well as postoperatively. However, with regards to DOACs and invasive dental treatments, there has not been enough clinical evidence and experience to prove any reliable adverse effects, relevance or interaction between these two. Further

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Compared to warfarin, DOACs have a rapid onset action and relatively short half-lives; hence, they carry out their function more rapidly and effectively, allowing drugs to reduce their anticoagulation effects quickly. Routine monitoring and dose adjustments of DOACs are less important than for

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In people with cancer, a systematic review has found warfarin had no effect on death rate or the risk of blood clots. However, it did increase the risk of major bleeding in 107 more people per 1000 population and minor bleeding in 167 more people per 1000 population. Apixaban had no effect on

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drugs by manipulating the various pathways of blood coagulation. Specifically, antiplatelet drugs inhibit platelet aggregation (clumping together), whereas anticoagulants inhibit specific pathways of the coagulation cascade, which happens after the initial platelet aggregation but before the

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Ageno W, Mantovani LG, Haas S, Kreutz R, Monje D, Schneider J, et al. (January 2016). "Safety and effectiveness of oral rivaroxaban versus standard anticoagulation for the treatment of symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis (XALIA): an international, prospective, non-interventional study".

755:, is currently available and approved for use by the FDA. Rates of adherence to DOACs are only modestly higher than adherence to warfarin among patients prescribed these drugs. Thus, adherence to anticoagulation is often poor despite hopes that DOACs would lead to higher adherence rates. 228:

The use of anticoagulants is a decision based on the risks and benefits of anticoagulation. The biggest risk of anticoagulation therapy is the increased risk of bleeding. In otherwise healthy people, the increased risk of bleeding is minimal, but those who have had recent surgery,

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warfarin, as they have better predictable anticoagulation activity. DOAC monitoring, including laboratory monitoring and a complete medication review, should generally be conducted before initiation of a DOAC, 1–3 months after initiation, and then every 6–12 months afterwards.

233:, and other conditions may have too great a risk of bleeding. Generally, the benefit of anticoagulation is preventing or reducing the progression of a thromboembolic disease. Some indications for anticoagulant therapy that are known to have benefit from therapy include: 319:

There is no evidence to indicate that adding anticoagulant therapy to standard treatment has a benefit for people with cerebral small vessel disease but not dementia, and there is an increased risk of a person with this disease experiencing a bleed with this approach.

1143:, direct or indirect filling which extends below the gingiva, complex filling, flap raising procedure, gingival recontouring and biopsies, the dentist needs to take extra precautions apart from the standard procedure. The recommendations are as follows: 1022:

instruments, blood transfusion bags, and medical and surgical equipment will get clogged up and non-operational. In addition, test tubes used for laboratory blood tests will have chemicals added to stop blood clotting. Besides heparin, most of these chemicals

549:), and they have been shown to be as good or possibly better than the coumarins with less serious side effects. The newer anticoagulants (NOACs/DOACs) are more expensive than the traditional ones and should be used in caring for patients with kidney problems. 500:

as a complementary treatment because there are clinical benefits to continuing to walk and remaining mobile while using anticoagulants in this way. Bed rest while using anticoagulants can harm patients in circumstances in which it is not medically necessary.

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The decision to begin therapeutic anticoagulation often involves the use of multiple bleeding risk predictable outcome tools as non-invasive pre-test stratifications due to the potential for bleeding while on blood thinning agents. Among these tools are

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medications may undergo dental treatments which are unlikely to cause bleeding, such as local anesthesia injection, basic gum charting, removal of plaque, calculus and stain above the gum level, direct or indirect fillings which are above the gingiva,

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Makris M, Greaves M, Phillips WS, Kitchen S, Rosendaal FR, Preston EF (March 1997). "Emergency oral anticoagulant reversal: the relative efficacy of infusions of fresh frozen plasma and clotting factor concentrate on correction of the coagulopathy".

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Manfredi M, Dave B, Percudani D, Christoforou J, Karasneh J, Diz Dios P, et al. (June 2019). "World workshop on oral medicine VII: Direct anticoagulant agents management for invasive oral procedures: A systematic review and meta-analysis".

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Ryn Jv, Stangier J, Haertter S, Liesenfeld KH, Wienen W, Feuring M, et al. (2010). "Dabigatran etexilate – a novel, reversible, oral direct thrombin inhibitor: Interpretation of coagulation assays and reversal of anticoagulant activity".

971:, and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) have been utilized with proven efficacy. Specifically with warfarin, four-factor PCC (4F-PCC) has been shown to have superior safety and mortality benefits compared to FPP in lowering INR levels. 3915:

Yun YP, Do JH, Ko SR, Ryu SY, Kim JH, Song HC, et al. (October 2001). "Effects of Korean red ginseng and its mixed prescription on the high molecular weight dextran-induced blood stasis in rats and human platelet aggregation".

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Poli D, Antonucci E, Pengo V, Migliaccio L, Testa S, Lodigiani C, et al. (September 2018). "Mechanical prosthetic heart valves: Quality of anticoagulation and thromboembolic risk. The observational multicenter PLECTRUM study".

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Marlu R, Hodaj E, Paris A, Albaladejo P, Crackowski J, Pernod G (2012). "Effect of non-specific reversal agents on anticoagulant activity of dabigatran and rivaroxaban: A randomised crossover ex vivo study in healthy volunteers".

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Chai-Adisaksopha C, Hillis C, Siegal DM, Movilla R, Heddle N, Iorio A, et al. (September 2016). "Prothrombin complex concentrates versus fresh frozen plasma for warfarin reversal A systematic review and meta-analysis".

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For a patient who needs to undergo dental treatments which are more likely to cause bleeding, such as simple tooth extractions (1-3 teeth with small wound size), drainage of swelling inside the mouth, periodontal charting,

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Warkentin TE, Greinacher A, Koster A, Lincoff AM (June 2008). "Treatment and prevention of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition)".

1506:"Comparison of the Novel Oral Anticoagulants Apixaban, Dabigatran, Edoxaban, and Rivaroxaban in the Initial and Long-Term Treatment and Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis" 5098:

Brizzee L, Stone A, Palmer MC. False lithium toxicity secondary to lithium heparin test tube: A case report and review. Ment Health Clin. 2020 May 7;10(3):90-94. doi: 10.9740/mhc.2020.05.090. PMID: 32420006; PMCID:

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Dentali F, Crowther M, Galli M, Pomero F, Garcia D, Clark N, et al. (2016-05-27). "Effect of Vitamin K Intake on the Stability of Treatment with Vitamin K Antagonists: A Systematic Review of the Literature".

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Rui TQ, Zhang L, Qiao HZ, Huang P, Qian S, Li JS, et al. (January 2016). "Preparation and Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Characterization of Ginkgo Lactone Nanosuspensions for Antiplatelet Aggregation".

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test would be recommended to confirm the overdose so that the dosage can be adjusted to an acceptable standard. The INR test measures the time it takes for a clot to form in a blood sample relative to a standard.

5109:"Human medicines European public assessment report (EPAR): Pradaxa, dabigatran etexilate, Arthroplasty, Replacement,Venous Thromboembolism, Date of authorisation: 17/03/2008, Revision: 29, Status: Authorised". 638:. There are three major categories of heparin: unfractionated heparin (UFH), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), and ultra-low-molecular weight heparin (ULMWH). Unfractionated heparin is usually derived from 5848:

van Diermen DE, van der Waal I, Hoogstraten J (December 2013). "Management recommendations for invasive dental treatment in patients using oral antithrombotic medication, including novel oral anticoagulants".

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An INR value of 1 indicates a level of coagulation equivalent to that of an average patient not taking warfarin, and values greater than 1 indicate a longer clotting time and, thus, a longer bleeding time.

571:(Coumadin), was found to be the anticoagulant most prescribed in a large multispecialty practice. The anticoagulant effect takes at least 48 to 72 hours to develop. Where an immediate effect is required, 2001:"The hemorrhage risk of prophylactic external ventricular drain insertion in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients requiring endovascular aneurysm treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 2099:"Efficacy and Harms of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in the Elderly for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation and Secondary Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" 344:

immune-mediated HIT is believed to be caused by heparin-dependent immunoglobulin antibodies binding to platelet factor 4/heparin complexes on platelets, leading to widespread platelet activation.

316:. The risk of bleeding using the risk assessment tools above must then be weighed against thrombotic risk to formally determine the patient's overall benefit in starting anticoagulation therapy. 685:(LMWH) is produced through a controlled depolymerization of unfractionated heparin. LMWH exhibits a higher anti-Xa/anti-IIa activity ratio and is useful as it does not require monitoring of the 4441:

Aissaoui N, Martins E, Mouly S, Weber S, Meune C (September 2009). "A meta-analysis of bed rest versus early ambulation in the management of pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, or both".

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Banerjee K, Poddar K, Mick S, White J, Krishnaswamy A, Johnston D, et al. (November 2017). "Meta-Analysis of Usefulness of Anticoagulation After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation".

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An overdose of anticoagulants usually occurs in people who have heart problems and need to take anticoagulants in the long term to reduce the risk of stroke from their high blood pressure.

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Several anticoagulants are available. Warfarin, other coumarins, and heparins have long been used. Since the 2000s, several agents have been introduced that are collectively referred to as

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Bensi C, Belli S, Paradiso D, Lomurno G (July 2018). "Postoperative bleeding risk of direct oral anticoagulants after oral surgery procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis".

5523:"RUBY-1: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the safety and tolerability of the novel oral factor Xa inhibitor darexaban (YM150) following acute coronary syndrome" 8764: 7844: 66: 2197:

Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, et al. (February 2016). "Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report".

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interferes with some anticoagulant drugs, increasing the time it takes for them to be metabolized out of the body, and should be eaten with caution when on anticoagulant drugs.

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Nonhemorrhagic adverse events are less common than hemorrhagic adverse events but should still be monitored closely. Nonhemorrhagic adverse events of warfarin include skin

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if the patient has another medical condition or is taking other medication that may increase bleeding risk, consult the patient's general medical practitioner or specialist

3210:"Oral anticoagulant therapy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines" 890:

The FDA approves Antithrombin as an anticoagulant for preventing clots before, during, or after surgery or birthing in patients with hereditary antithrombin deficiency.

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Norman M, Jones I (May 2014). "The shift from fluoride/oxalate to acid citrate/fluoride blood collection tubes for glucose testing — The impact upon patient results".

1135:. For all these procedures, it is recommended that the dentist treat the patient following the normal standard procedure and taking care to avoid any bleeding. 5392: 704:

is a synthetic sugar composed of the five sugars (pentasaccharides) in heparin that bind to antithrombin. It is a smaller molecule than low molecular-weight heparin.

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Raschi E, Bianchin M, De Ponti R, De Ponti F, Ageno W (June 2017). "Emerging therapeutic uses of direct-acting oral anticoagulants: An evidence-based perspective".

1568:"Effectiveness and Safety of Non-vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants for Atrial Fibrillation and Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses" 5935: 5249: 1058:

has a mechanism similar to that of citrate. It is the anticoagulant used in fluoride/oxalate tubes to determine glucose and lactate levels. The fluoride inhibits

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if the patient is on a short course of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy, delay the non-urgent, invasive procedure until the medication has been discontinued

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Pol D, Curtis C, Ramkumar S, Bittinger L (April 2019). "NOACs Now Mainstream for the Use of Anticoagulation in Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation in Australia".

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Kurnik D, Lubetsky A, Loebstein R, Almog S, Halkin H (November 2003). "Multivitamin Supplements May Affect Warfarin Anticoagulation in Susceptible Patients".

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for most DOACs, unlike for warfarin; nonetheless, the short half-lives of DOACs will allow their effects to recede swiftly. A reversal agent for dabigatran,

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Broekmans AW, Bertina RM, Loeliger EA, Hofmann V, Klingemann HG (June 1983). "Protein C and the development of skin necrosis during anticoagulant therapy".

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if travel time to emergency care is a concern, place particular emphasis at the time of the initial treatment on the use of measures to avoid complications

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during the incubation period. It is the standard measure used in the United States and is so named because it was adopted as a standard at a conference in

846:(FDA) in September 2004 and was pulled from the market entirely in February 2006 after reports of severe liver damage and heart attacks. In November 2010, 758:

DOACs are significantly more expensive than warfarin, but the patients on DOACs may experience reduced lab costs as they do not need to monitor their INR.

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Thomas I, EncisoSilva J, Schlueter M, Greenberg B (2016), Bauersachs J, Butler J, Sandner P (eds.), "Anticoagulation Therapy and NOACs in Heart Failure",

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bleeding complications following invasive dental procedures. Therefore, certain guidelines for the dental care of patients taking these drugs are needed.

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Weinberg AC, Lieskovsky G, McGehee WG, Skinner DG (August 1983). "Warfarin necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the male external genitalia".

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Verhagen H (2009-04-24). "Local haemorrhage and necrosis of the skin and underlying tissues, during anti-coagulant therapy with dicumarol or dicumacyl".

1616: 7664: 6902: 5003:"Preparation, separation, and conformational analysis of differentially sulfated heparin octasaccharide isomers using ion mobility mass spectrometry" 784:

work by inhibiting factor Xa directly (unlike heparins and fondaparinux, which work via antithrombin activation). Also included in this category are

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clinical prospective studies on DOACs are required to investigate the bleeding risk and hemostasis associated with surgical and dental procedures.

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As in any invasive procedure, patients on anticoagulation therapy have an increased risk for bleeding, and caution should be used along with local

6549:"Reversal of Rivaroxaban and Dabigatran by Prothrombin Complex Concentrate: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study in Healthy Subjects" 2714:"The HAS-BLED Score for Predicting Major Bleeding Risk in Anticoagulated Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis" 5575: 5423:"Real-World Adherence and Persistence to Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" 4357:

Koehl JL, Hayes BD, Al-Samkari H, Rosovsky R (2020-01-23). "A comprehensive evaluation of apixaban in the treatment of venous thromboembolism".

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plan treatment for early in the day and week, where possible, to allow time for the management of prolonged bleeding or re-bleeding if it occurs

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Diener HC, Ntaios G, O'Donnell M, Easton JD (2018-09-22). "Non-vitamin-K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for the prevention of secondary stroke".

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Talmadge DB, Spyropoulos AC (May 2003). "Purple toes syndrome associated with warfarin therapy in a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome".

3096:"Influence of Renal Function on the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Efficacy, and Safety of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants" 2559: 1199:

There is general agreement that in most cases, treatment regimens with older anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) and antiplatelet agents (e.g.,

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Pettifor JM, Benson R (March 1975). "Congenital malformations associated with the administration of oral anticoagulants during pregnancy".

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follow the specific recommendations and advice given for the management of patients taking different anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs

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Djulbegovic M, Lee AI (September 2018). "An Update on the "Novel" and Direct Oral Anticoagulants, and Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy".

1171: 8218: 8081: 5886:"Post-operative Bleeding Risk in Dental Surgery for Patients on Oral Anticoagulant Therapy: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies" 1215:, and/or aspirin) should not be altered before dental procedures. The risks of stopping or reducing these medication regimens (i.e., 7149: 5653: 333:

mortality, recurrence of blood clots in blood vessels, or major or minor bleeding. However, this finding comes only from one study.

50: 6945: 6874: 1665: 3668:"Risk of osteoporotic fracture in elderly patients taking warfarin: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation 2" 8371: 7827: 7759: 7167: 7140: 6880: 5973: 2761:

Kwan J, Hafdi M, Chiang LL, Myint PK, Wong LS, Quinn TJ (2022-07-13). Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group (ed.).

1267: 1034: 2763:"Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but without dementia" 7094: 4415: 2998:"Major hemorrhage and tolerability of warfarin in the first year of therapy among elderly patients with atrial fibrillation" 4891:

Linhardt RJ (June 2003). "2003 Claude S. Hudson Award address in carbohydrate chemistry. Heparin: structure and activity".

6895: 5400: 8070: 5052:"Antithrombin III for critically ill patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis" 7852: 7378: 6045:

Tornkvist M, Smith JG, Labaf A (February 2018). "Current evidence of oral anticoagulant reversal: A systematic review".

6027: 5946: 3789:"Systematic review of fondaparinux for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: When there are no randomized controlled trials" 843: 723:

The direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were introduced in and after 2008. There are five DOACs currently on the market:

682: 6745:"Management of Dental Patients Taking Anticoagulants or Antiplatelet Drugs – New guidance from SDCEP | Scottish Dental" 5813:

Kosyfaki P, Att W, Strub JR (August 2011). "The dental patient on oral anticoagulant medication: a literature review".

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A substantial number of compounds are being investigated for use as anticoagulants. The most promising ones act on the

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perform the procedure as traumatically as possible, use appropriate local measures and only discharge the patient once

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Skelley JW, White CW, Thomason AR (January 2017). "The use of direct oral anticoagulants in inherited thrombophilia".

1277: 5764:"Managing patients taking novel oral anticoagulants (NOAs) in dentistry: a discussion paper on clinical implications" 4120:

Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C, Franchini M (April 2016). "Vegetables intake and venous thromboembolism: a systematic review".

8331: 7820: 3150:"Oral anticoagulation in people with cancer who have no therapeutic or prophylactic indication for anticoagulation" 2507:

Lander H, Zammert M, FitzGerald D (September 2016). "Anticoagulation management during cross-clamping and bypass".

1329: 743:. They were also previously referred to as "new/novel" and "non-vitamin K antagonist" oral anticoagulants (NOACs). 7551: 7525: 7517: 5631: 1342: 1251:); it is anticipated that this may provide agents that prevent thrombosis without conferring a risk of bleeding. 1240: 815: 809: 3631:

Hall JG, Pauli RM, Wilson KM (January 1980). "Maternal and fetal sequelae of anticoagulation during pregnancy".

2691: 6888: 1956:

Parks AL, Fang MC (July 2017). "Scoring Systems for Estimating the Risk of Anticoagulant-Associated Bleeding".

1140: 899: 880: 83: 3953:"A systematic review of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of herbal medicine with warfarin" 1567: 883:

that can be purified from human plasma or produced recombinantly (for example, Atryn, produced in the milk of

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III (AT), causing a conformational change that results in its activation. The activated AT then inactivates

247: 5202:"The Reversal of Bleeding Caused by New Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" 4613:

Verdecchia P, Angeli F, Aita A, Bartolini C, Reboldi G (April 2016). "Why switch from warfarin to NOACs?".

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Harder S, Thürmann P (June 1996). "Clinically Important Drug Interactions with Anticoagulants: An Update".

8868: 8423: 8178: 7132: 7056: 5150:"Laboratory testing in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants: a practical guide for clinicians" 588: 301: 186: 8108: 8044: 7889: 7660: 3462:

Raj K, Collins B, Rangarajan S (September 2001). "Purple toe syndrome following anticoagulant therapy".

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Cohen AT, Hamilton M, Mitchell SA, Phatak H, Liu X, Bird A, et al. (2015-12-30). ten Cate H (ed.).

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Udayachalerm S, Rattanasiri S, Angkananard T, Attia J, Sansanayudh N, Thakkinstian A (September 2018).

1611:"The role of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as in vitro anticoagulant for diagnostic purposes" 1062:, which can throw off blood sugar measurements. Citrate/fluoride/EDTA tubes work better in this regard. 6243:"Dabigatran etixilate and traumatic brain injury: Evolving anticoagulants require evolving care plans" 8863: 8183: 8163: 8032: 7722: 7301: 7256: 5936:"Management of Dental Patients Taking Anticoagulants or Antiplatelet Drugs: Dental Clinical Guidance" 3964: 1519: 1128: 847: 576: 558: 493: 252: 3836:

Wittkowsky AK (September 2001). "Drug interactions update: drugs, herbs, and oral anticoagulation".

8792: 8528: 8314: 8093: 7920: 7112: 6685: 1330:"Chemical and mechanical alternatives to leech therapy: a systematic review and critical appraisal" 884: 851: 767: 584: 237: 174: 162: 150: 8832: 8826: 8691: 8550: 8004: 7403: 6853: 6796: 6638: 6586: 6401:

Connolly SJ, Milling TJ, Eikelboom JW, Gibson CM, Curnutte JT, Gold A, et al. (2016-09-22).

6334: 6223: 6171: 5744: 5701: 5503: 5460: 5179: 5130: 4740: 4697: 4646: 4390: 4339: 4229: 4153: 4102: 4051: 3861: 3487: 3444: 3352: 3125: 3027: 2607: 2489: 2399: 2350: 2306: 2263: 1981: 1935: 1641: 1409: 1370: 1354: 1045: 1019: 1007: 952: 580: 460:. Multivitamins that do not interact with clotting are available for patients on anticoagulants. 282: 119: 6490:

Ansell JE, Bakhru SH, Laulicht BE, Steiner SS, Grosso MA, Brown K, et al. (February 2017).

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Douxfils J, Ageno W, Samama CM, Lessire S, Ten Cate H, Verhamme P, et al. (February 2018).

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Di Nisio M, van Es N, Büller HR (December 2016). "Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism".

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Cardiopulmonary bypass (or any other surgeries requiring temporary aortic occlusion)

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is an anticoagulant protease from the salivary glands of the giant Amazon leech,

8590: 8500: 8240: 8193: 8138: 8021: 7987: 7606: 7534: 7503: 7435: 7336: 7330: 7320: 7223: 7017: 7007: 5337:"Direct Oral Anticoagulant Use: A Practical Guide to Common Clinical Challenges" 3432: 2876: 2210: 1297: 1258:

is in Phase II clinical trials for the prevention of an embolism after surgery.

1204: 1200: 1167: 1003: 903: 827: 773: 728: 707: 689: 619: 611: 604: 534: 425: 357: 198: 178: 135: 123: 6459: 5862: 5732: 5538: 5255:. Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme. August 2015. Archived from 4539: 4523:"Old and new oral anticoagulants: Food, herbal medicines and drug interactions" 4522: 3893: 3684: 3667: 2595: 2435: 2418: 1798: 1765: 8768: 8739: 8697: 8666: 8661: 8600: 8595: 8585: 8523: 8509: 8449: 8404: 8352: 8272: 8268: 8209: 8169: 8124: 8120: 8010: 7946: 7896: 7861: 7857: 7711: 7628: 7611: 7596: 7575: 7560: 7555: 7498: 7483: 7457: 7447: 7442: 7296: 7265: 7197: 7177: 7155: 7044: 7028: 7024: 6973: 6403:"Andexanet Alfa for Acute Major Bleeding Associated with Factor Xa Inhibitors" 5780: 5067: 4828: 4775: 4728: 4626: 4284: 3849: 2520: 2294: 1923: 1405: 1244: 1212: 1183: 1157: 1059: 929: 910: 863: 835: 831: 785: 740: 724: 671: 630:

Heparin is the most widely used intravenous clinical anticoagulant worldwide.

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is given concomitantly. These anticoagulants are used to treat patients with

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brand blood collecting tubes containing heparin usually have a green cap.

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activity. It is the amount of inhibitor that will inactivate half of a

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However, some foods and supplements encourage clotting. These include

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bark. Many herbal supplements have blood-thinning properties, such as

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There are two main parts to the assessment of bleeding risk:

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formation of fibrin and stable aggregated platelet products.

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1030:

ions, preventing the coagulation proteins from using them.

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As of November 2021, the direct factor XIa inhibitor

1111:

Assessment of the patient's individual-level bleeding risk

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found in many plants. A prominent member of this class,

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RA, Hai O (2020). 1394:The Korean Journal of Parasitology 25: 6723:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.01.011 6682:Handbook of Hematologic Pathology 6566:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.029017 4666:Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 3729:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.632653 3015:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.653048 2115:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013267 2005:Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences 986:Coagulation inhibitor measurement 875:Antithrombin protein therapeutics 626:Heparin and derivative substances 553:Coumarins (vitamin K antagonists) 8831: 8811: 8810: 7518:Direct thrombin (IIa) inhibitors 6946:Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors 5827:10.1111/j.1365-2842.2010.02184.x 4083:10.2165/00003088-199630060-00002 3633:The American Journal of Medicine 3476:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.03107.x 1733:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02806.x 1666:Annals of Translational Medicine 479:, and dark leafy greens such as 255:— can lead to pulmonary embolism 8219:Hypothalamic–pituitary hormones 7141:Thromboxane synthase inhibitors 6407:New England Journal of Medicine 6358:New England Journal of Medicine 6247:World Journal of Clinical Cases 5440:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005969 5301:10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.348 4615:Internal and Emergency Medicine 2929:10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.432 2810:Yee J, Kaide CG (August 2019). 1587:10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.05.358 1268:Hypercoagulability in pregnancy 1166:advise the patient to take 1035:Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 6059:10.1016/j.thromres.2017.12.003 5815:Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 4893:Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 3464:British Journal of Haematology 3166:10.1002/14651858.cd006466.pub6 2779:10.1002/14651858.CD012269.pub2 2017:10.23736/S0390-5616.16.03244-6 1465:10.1002/14651858.CD010222.pub4 858:Relevance to dental treatments 622:) but are not used medically. 304:or growth of dangerous clots. 197:, was initially approved as a 1: 7971:Thrombolytics / fibrinolytics 6086:Journal of Clinical Pathology 5570:Dwyer J, Walsh C (May 2013). 4678:10.1080/14656566.2018.1515913 4371:10.1080/17474086.2020.1711731 4328:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30514-1 3930:10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00303-8 3672:Archives of Internal Medicine 3610:10.1016/S0022-3476(75)80986-3 3547:Danziger J (September 2008). 3306:10.1016/S0022-5347(17)51147-7 2975:10.1016/S2352-3026(15)00257-4 2052:10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.07.059 1848:10.5811/westjem.2014.12.22933 1018:If blood is allowed to clot, 153:, anticoagulants are used in 122:that prevents or reduces the 8682:Wakefulness-promoting agents 7379:Low-molecular-weight heparin 7190:Phosphodiesterase inhibitors 7103:Acetylsalicylic acid/Aspirin 6028:Food and Drug Administration 5591:"Direct thrombin inhibitors" 4980:10.1016/j.carres.2014.06.023 4455:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.06.020 4134:10.1097/MBC.0000000000000427 3978:10.1371/journal.pone.0182794 3918:Journal of Ethnopharmacology 3645:10.1016/0002-9343(80)90181-3 3113:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.06.018 2828:10.5811/westjem.2018.5.38235 2339:10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.04.042 2152:Avicenna Journal of Medicine 1533:10.1371/journal.pone.0144856 844:Food and Drug Administration 683:Low molecular weight heparin 5658:AstraZeneca Clinical Trials 4817:Deutsches Ärzteblatt Online 4717:Heart, Lung and Circulation 4359:Expert Review of Hematology 3433:10.1592/phco.23.5.674.32200 2877:10.5811/westjem.2011.3.2051 2211:10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026 1278:Direct factor Xa inhibitors 762:Direct factor Xa inhibitors 533:) and factor Xa inhibitor ( 312:, ATRIA, HEMORR2HAGES, and 8885: 8332:Intravenous immunoglobulin 6607:Thrombosis and Haemostasis 6496:Thrombosis and Haemostasis 6303:Thrombosis and Haemostasis 6192:Thrombosis and Haemostasis 6140:Thrombosis and Haemostasis 5863:10.1016/j.oooo.2013.07.026 5733:10.1016/j.ijom.2018.03.016 5283:Clark NP (November 2018). 4540:10.1016/j.blre.2017.02.001 3894:10.1016/j.xphs.2015.10.002 3685:10.1001/archinte.166.2.241 3329:Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2596:10.1016/j.phrs.2017.03.026 2436:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.11.061 1799:"Antiplatelet Medications" 807: 804:Direct thrombin inhibitors 796:(TAK-442) from Takeda and 765: 556: 511:direct oral anticoagulants 134:. Some occur naturally in 8806: 7773: 7351:(with some II inhibition) 6466:, StatPearls Publishing, 5890:Frontiers in Pharmacology 5781:10.1186/s12903-016-0170-7 5068:10.1007/s00134-016-4225-7 4829:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0287 4776:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0523 4729:10.1016/j.hlc.2018.03.010 4627:10.1007/s11739-016-1411-0 4071:Clinical Pharmacokinetics 4020:Annals of Pharmacotherapy 3598:The Journal of Pediatrics 2521:10.1016/j.bpa.2016.07.002 2295:10.1007/s11239-016-1428-2 1924:10.1016/j.ccm.2018.04.010 1912:Clinics in Chest Medicine 1805:. StatPearls Publishing. 1772:. StatPearls Publishing. 1406:10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.183 1343:Thieme Medical Publishers 1241:contact activation system 906:, or as drug candidates. 830:and the monovalent drugs 816:direct thrombin inhibitor 810:Direct thrombin inhibitor 660:(by injection), and also 634:is a naturally occurring 519:novel oral anticoagulants 101: 48: 39: 8387:Topoisomerase inhibitors 8071:renin–angiotensin system 8065:Calcium channel blockers 6080:Hanley JP (2004-11-01). 5903:10.3389/fphar.2017.00058 5539:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr334 5218:10.1177/1076029618796339 3388:10.1136/bmj.298.6668.233 3259:Acta Medica Scandinavica 3063:10.1177/1753944717714921 2584:Pharmacological Research 2464:British Medical Bulletin 2251:10.1177/1076029616660762 998:) is a measure of blood 900:research and development 6260:10.12998/wjcc.v2.i8.362 6098:10.1136/jcp.2003.008904 5353:10.1161/JAHA.120.017559 5056:Intensive Care Medicine 4933:Frontiers in Bioscience 4488:10.3138/physio.61.3.133 4423:: an initiative of the 4285:10.1093/ajhp/55.15.1581 3850:10.1023/A:1012742628628 3100:Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2963:The Lancet. Haematology 1999:Zhu X (February 2017). 1886:The Wall Street Journal 1099:Assessing bleeding risk 969:recombinant factor VIIa 589:prosthetic heart valves 274:Mechanical heart valves 248:Coronary artery disease 8179:Hormonal contraception 8109:Bile acid sequestrants 7890:Proton-pump inhibitors 7853:gastrointestinal tract 7661:Plasminogen activators 7133:Thromboxane inhibitors 7057:Prostaglandin analogue 6680:Schumacher HR (2000). 6152:10.1055/s-0038-1655992 5527:European Heart Journal 5397:Heart Matters Magazine 5393:"Novel anticoagulants" 5212:(9_suppl): 117S–126S. 4210:10.1055/s-0036-1581105 3760:(6 Suppl): 340S–380S. 3341:10.1055/s-0038-1657378 3294:The Journal of Urology 3220:(2 Suppl): e44S–e88S. 2387:10.1002/clc.4960190506 1970:10.1055/s-0037-1598061 1351:10.1055/s-0031-1284233 1133:orthodontic appliances 1117:Managing bleeding risk 302:prevents the formation 114:, commonly known as a 7723:serine endopeptidases 7257:Vitamin K antagonists 6832:10.1056/NEJMoa2113194 6711:Clinical Biochemistry 6419:10.1056/NEJMoa1607887 6371:10.1056/NEJMoa1510991 5974:"Thrombate III label" 5111:Case Medical Research 4968:Carbohydrate Research 4799:serious side effects. 4414:(15 September 2014), 3766:10.1378/chest.08-0677 3226:10.1378/chest.11-2292 2647:"ATRIA Bleeding Risk" 2165:10.4103/ajm.AJM_73_19 1630:10.1515/CCLM.2007.110 1574:Clinical Therapeutics 1225:myocardial infarction 1050:acid-citrate-dextrose 1000:coagulation inhibitor 978:(for dabigatran) and 941:Haementeria ghilianii 591:. Other examples are 587:(AF), and mechanical 557:Further information: 278:Myocardial infarction 8788:Radiopharmaceuticals 8576:Antiparkinson agents 7470:Direct Xa inhibitors 7302:Ethyl biscoumacetate 7168:Receptor antagonists 6619:10.1160/TH12-03-0179 6508:10.1160/TH16-03-0224 6315:10.1160/TH09-11-0758 6241:Pakraftar S (2014). 6204:10.1160/TH16-04-0266 5636:Ask Dr. Stephan Moll 5610:10.1056/NEJMra044440 5119:10.31525/cmr-1321569 5007:Analytical Chemistry 4476:Physiotherapy Canada 4322:(10063): 3060–3073. 3565:10.2215/CJN.00770208 2552:10.1007/164_2016_126 1581:(7): 1456–1478.e36. 1129:root canal treatment 885:genetically modified 848:dabigatran etexilate 577:deep-vein thrombosis 559:Vitamin K antagonist 517:), previously named 494:deep-vein thrombosis 253:Deep vein thrombosis 240:— commonly forms an 159:thrombotic disorders 8571:Antimigraine agents 8561:Antidementia agents 8464:Anti-inflammatories 8154:Medicated dressings 8094:Antihyperlipidemics 7921:Diabetes medication 7113:Carbasalate calcium 6747:. 15 September 2015 6686:Informa Health Care 6082:"Warfarin reversal" 6047:Thrombosis Research 3969:2017PLoSO..1282794C 2718:Clinical Cardiology 2374:Clinical Cardiology 1524:2015PLoSO..1044856C 928:functions (cleaves 881:protein therapeutic 852:atrial fibrillation 768:Direct Xa inhibitor 585:atrial fibrillation 238:Atrial fibrillation 187:heart–lung machines 8424:Immunosuppressants 8294:Antimycobacterials 8250:Antithyroid agents 8234:Mineralocorticoids 8038:Cardiac stimulants 8028:Cardiac glycosides 8020:cardiac therapy / 7916:Anti-obesity drugs 7800:Never to phase III 7648:Thrombolytic drugs 7364:glycosaminoglycans 6937:Antiplatelet drugs 6924:antiplatelet drugs 5492:10.2146/ajhp170785 3805:10.1002/rth2.12145 3526:10.2146/ajhp040357 2477:10.1093/bmb/ldx018 1160:has been confirmed 1077:Detecting overdose 1008:Bethesda, Maryland 953:Alcoholic beverage 581:pulmonary embolism 283:Pulmonary embolism 231:cerebral aneurysms 206:antiplatelet drugs 173:form, and various 120:chemical substance 8846: 8845: 8749:Ophthalmologicals 8459:Anabolic steroids 8362:Anticancer agents 8325:Ectoparasiticides 8045:Antihypertensives 7993:Antifibrinolytics 7810: 7809: 7642: 7641: 7512: 7511: 7242: 7241: 6826:(23): 2161–2172. 6784:10.1111/jth.15126 6695:978-0-8247-0170-3 6559:(14): 1573–1579. 6413:(12): 1131–1141. 6364:(25): 2413–2424. 6092:(11): 1132–1139. 5690:10.1111/odi.13086 5486:(15): 1095–1102. 5167:10.1111/jth.13912 5019:10.1021/ac203190k 4905:10.1021/jm030176m 4672:(14): 1597–1602. 4279:(15): 1581–1583. 4032:10.1345/aph.1D102 4026:(11): 1603–1606. 3106:(10): 1503–1519. 2730:10.1002/clc.22435 2561:978-3-319-59658-7 1713:(November 2006). 636:glycosaminoglycan 183:blood transfusion 138:animals, such as 130:, prolonging the 108: 107: 61:Class identifiers 16:(Redirected from 8876: 8835: 8814: 8813: 8798:Senotherapeutics 8652:Neuroprotectives 8647:Mood stabilizers 8546:Anti-ADHD agents 8486:Muscle relaxants 8419:Immunostimulants 8414:Immunomodulators 8246:Thyroid hormones 8184:Fertility agents 8087:Renin inhibitors 7978:Antihemorrhagics 7945:forming organs ( 7931:Dietary minerals 7837: 7830: 7823: 7814: 7622:Drotrecogin alfa 7602:Antithrombin III 7453:Dermatan sulfate 7426:Oligosaccharides 7355: 7253: 6989:ADP receptor/P2Y 6942: 6905: 6898: 6891: 6882: 6862: 6861: 6843: 6811: 6805: 6804: 6786: 6762: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6752: 6741: 6735: 6734: 6717:(7–8): 683–685. 6706: 6700: 6699: 6677: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6667: 6653: 6647: 6646: 6601: 6595: 6594: 6568: 6544: 6538: 6537: 6527: 6487: 6481: 6480: 6479: 6478: 6460:"Andexanet Alfa" 6455: 6449: 6448: 6438: 6398: 6392: 6391: 6373: 6349: 6343: 6342: 6309:(6): 1116–1127. 6297: 6291: 6290: 6280: 6262: 6238: 6232: 6231: 6186: 6180: 6179: 6134: 6128: 6127: 6117: 6077: 6071: 6070: 6042: 6033: 6032: 6024: 6016: 6007: 6006: 5994: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5979:. 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Archived from 5650: 5644: 5643: 5628: 5622: 5621: 5595: 5586: 5580: 5579: 5567: 5561: 5560: 5550: 5518: 5512: 5511: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5442: 5418: 5412: 5411: 5409: 5408: 5389: 5383: 5382: 5372: 5332: 5323: 5322: 5312: 5280: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5267: 5261: 5254: 5246: 5240: 5239: 5229: 5197: 5188: 5187: 5169: 5145: 5139: 5138: 5106: 5100: 5096: 5090: 5089: 5079: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5030: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4963: 4957: 4956: 4928: 4917: 4916: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4865: 4859: 4858: 4848: 4808: 4802: 4801: 4787: 4770:(31–32): 523–4. 4755: 4749: 4748: 4712: 4706: 4705: 4661: 4655: 4654: 4610: 4604: 4603: 4593: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4552: 4542: 4518: 4512: 4509: 4499: 4466: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4408: 4399: 4398: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4311: 4305: 4304: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4258: 4244: 4238: 4237: 4192: 4186: 4185: 4183: 4182: 4168: 4162: 4161: 4117: 4111: 4110: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4015: 4009: 4008: 3998: 3980: 3948: 3942: 3941: 3924:(2–3): 259–264. 3912: 3906: 3905: 3876: 3870: 3869: 3833: 3827: 3826: 3816: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3748: 3742: 3741: 3731: 3707: 3698: 3697: 3687: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3593: 3587: 3586: 3576: 3544: 3538: 3537: 3511: 3502: 3496: 3495: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3399: 3367: 3361: 3360: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3237: 3205: 3196: 3195: 3185: 3160:(12): CD006466. 3145: 3134: 3133: 3115: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3074: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3017: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2957: 2951: 2950: 2940: 2908: 2899: 2898: 2888: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2839: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2790: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2741: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2700: 2699: 2688: 2682: 2681: 2679: 2678: 2664: 2658: 2657: 2655: 2654: 2643: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2633: 2622: 2616: 2615: 2579: 2573: 2572: 2539: 2533: 2532: 2504: 2498: 2497: 2479: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2438: 2414: 2408: 2407: 2389: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2321: 2315: 2314: 2278: 2272: 2271: 2253: 2229: 2223: 2222: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2177: 2167: 2143: 2137: 2136: 2126: 2094: 2088: 2087: 2085: 2084: 2074:"Blood Thinners" 2070: 2064: 2063: 2046:(9): 1612–1617. 2035: 2029: 2028: 1996: 1990: 1989: 1953: 1944: 1943: 1907: 1901: 1900: 1895: 1894: 1876: 1870: 1869: 1859: 1827: 1821: 1820: 1818: 1817: 1794: 1788: 1787: 1785: 1784: 1761: 1755: 1754: 1744: 1707: 1701: 1700: 1690: 1673:(Suppl 1): S11. 1656: 1650: 1649: 1613: 1605: 1599: 1598: 1570: 1562: 1556: 1555: 1545: 1535: 1518:(12): e0144856. 1501: 1495: 1494: 1484: 1442: 1436: 1435: 1425: 1385: 1379: 1378: 1332: 1324: 1318: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1294: 713:Idrabiotaparinux 354:food supplements 242:atrial appendage 92: 53: 32: 21: 8884: 8883: 8879: 8878: 8877: 8875: 8874: 8873: 8849: 8848: 8847: 8842: 8838:Medicine portal 8802: 8758: 8730: 8725: 8717:Cough medicines 8712:Bronchodilators 8693: 8686: 8566:Antidepressants 8556:Anticonvulsants 8504: 8495: 8491:Bisphosphonates 8481:Corticosteroids 8443: 8430: 8402: 8393: 8377:Spindle poisons 8367:Antimetabolites 8350: 8341: 8263: 8254: 8229:Glucocorticoids 8224:Corticosteroids 8205: 8198: 8165: 8158: 8115: 8033:Antiarrhythmics 8006: 7999: 7956:Antithrombotics 7944: 7935: 7911:Antipropulsives 7907:Antidiarrhoeals 7884: 7855: 7847: 7841: 7811: 7806: 7805: 7790:Clinical trials 7769: 7741: 7651: 7638: 7585: 7508: 7464: 7367: 7362: 7350: 7341: 7317:1,3-Indandiones 7259: 7238: 7212: 7184: 7127: 7089: 7051: 7003:Thienopyridines 6992: 6983: 6931: 6912:Antithrombotics 6909: 6871: 6866: 6865: 6813: 6812: 6808: 6764: 6763: 6759: 6750: 6748: 6743: 6742: 6738: 6708: 6707: 6703: 6696: 6688:. p. 583. 6679: 6678: 6674: 6665: 6663: 6657:"Bethesda unit" 6655: 6654: 6650: 6603: 6602: 6598: 6546: 6545: 6541: 6489: 6488: 6484: 6476: 6474: 6457: 6456: 6452: 6400: 6399: 6395: 6351: 6350: 6346: 6299: 6298: 6294: 6240: 6239: 6235: 6198:(11): 879–890. 6188: 6187: 6183: 6136: 6135: 6131: 6079: 6078: 6074: 6044: 6043: 6036: 6022: 6018: 6017: 6010: 5996: 5995: 5991: 5983: 5976: 5972: 5971: 5964: 5955: 5953: 5949: 5938: 5934: 5933: 5929: 5883: 5882: 5878: 5847: 5846: 5842: 5812: 5811: 5807: 5768:BMC Oral Health 5761: 5760: 5756: 5718: 5717: 5713: 5684:(S1): 157–173. 5674: 5673: 5669: 5652: 5651: 5647: 5642:on 25 May 2011. 5630: 5629: 5625: 5604:(10): 1028–40. 5593: 5588: 5587: 5583: 5569: 5568: 5564: 5533:(20): 2541–54. 5520: 5519: 5515: 5477: 5476: 5472: 5420: 5419: 5415: 5406: 5404: 5391: 5390: 5386: 5347:(13): e017559. 5334: 5333: 5326: 5282: 5281: 5274: 5265: 5263: 5259: 5252: 5248: 5247: 5243: 5199: 5198: 5191: 5147: 5146: 5142: 5108: 5107: 5103: 5097: 5093: 5049: 5048: 5044: 5000: 4999: 4995: 4965: 4964: 4960: 4930: 4929: 4920: 4899:(13): 2551–64. 4890: 4889: 4885: 4867: 4866: 4862: 4823:(17): 287–294. 4810: 4809: 4805: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4714: 4713: 4709: 4663: 4662: 4658: 4612: 4611: 4607: 4571: 4570: 4566: 4520: 4519: 4515: 4469: 4440: 4431: 4429: 4425:ABIM Foundation 4421:Choosing Wisely 4410: 4409: 4402: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4313: 4312: 4308: 4270: 4269: 4265: 4256: 4254: 4246: 4245: 4241: 4194: 4193: 4189: 4180: 4178: 4170: 4169: 4165: 4119: 4118: 4114: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4017: 4016: 4012: 3963:(8): e0182794. 3950: 3949: 3945: 3914: 3913: 3909: 3878: 3877: 3873: 3835: 3834: 3830: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3709: 3708: 3701: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3595: 3594: 3590: 3546: 3545: 3541: 3520:(15): 1574–81. 3509: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3461: 3460: 3456: 3421:Pharmacotherapy 3418: 3417: 3413: 3382:(6668): 233–4. 3369: 3368: 3364: 3326: 3325: 3321: 3291: 3290: 3286: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3207: 3206: 3199: 3147: 3146: 3137: 3093: 3092: 3088: 3044: 3043: 3039: 3008:(21): 2689–96. 2995: 2994: 2990: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2910: 2909: 2902: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2809: 2808: 2804: 2773:(7): CD012269. 2760: 2759: 2755: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2697: 2695: 2690: 2689: 2685: 2676: 2674: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2652: 2650: 2645: 2644: 2640: 2631: 2629: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2562: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2506: 2505: 2501: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2367: 2366: 2362: 2323: 2322: 2318: 2280: 2279: 2275: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2145: 2144: 2140: 2096: 2095: 2091: 2082: 2080: 2078:medlineplus.gov 2072: 2071: 2067: 2037: 2036: 2032: 1998: 1997: 1993: 1955: 1954: 1947: 1909: 1908: 1904: 1892: 1890: 1878: 1877: 1873: 1829: 1828: 1824: 1815: 1813: 1796: 1795: 1791: 1782: 1780: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1658: 1657: 1653: 1607: 1606: 1602: 1564: 1563: 1559: 1503: 1502: 1498: 1459:(2): CD010222. 1444: 1443: 1439: 1387: 1386: 1382: 1326: 1325: 1321: 1311: 1309: 1296: 1295: 1291: 1286: 1264: 1237: 1217:thromboembolism 1119: 1101: 1079: 1069: 1016: 988: 964: 962:Reversal agents 958: 896: 877: 860: 812: 806: 770: 764: 721: 698: 680: 628: 561: 555: 507: 438:St. John's wort 350: 326: 324:Adverse effects 269:Factor V Leiden 265:Hypercoagulable 226: 88: 56: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8882: 8880: 8872: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8859:Anticoagulants 8851: 8850: 8844: 8843: 8841: 8840: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8807: 8804: 8803: 8801: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8783:Contrast media 8780: 8774: 8772: 8760: 8759: 8757: 8756: 8751: 8745: 8743: 8736:sensory organs 8732: 8731: 8729: 8728: 8723: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8703: 8701: 8688: 8687: 8685: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8635: 8634: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8581:Antipsychotics 8578: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8551:Antiaddictives 8548: 8543: 8538: 8537: 8536: 8531: 8521: 8515: 8513: 8506:nervous system 8497: 8496: 8494: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8476:Antirheumatics 8473: 8472: 8471: 8461: 8455: 8453: 8432: 8431: 8429: 8428: 8427: 8426: 8421: 8410: 8408: 8395: 8394: 8392: 8391: 8390: 8389: 8384: 8382:Antineoplastic 8379: 8374: 8369: 8358: 8356: 8343: 8342: 8340: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8328: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8315:Antiprotozoals 8310:Antiparasitics 8307: 8302: 8297: 8290:Antibacterials 8286:Antimicrobials 8282: 8280: 8256: 8255: 8253: 8252: 8243: 8238: 8237: 8236: 8231: 8221: 8215: 8213: 8200: 8199: 8197: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8175: 8173: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8156: 8151: 8149:Antipsoriatics 8146: 8141: 8136: 8130: 8128: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8113: 8112: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8091: 8090: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8077:ACE inhibitors 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8041: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8016: 8014: 8005:cardiovascular 8001: 8000: 7998: 7997: 7996: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7975: 7974: 7973: 7968: 7966:Anticoagulants 7963: 7952: 7950: 7937: 7936: 7934: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7893: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7878: 7867: 7865: 7849: 7848: 7842: 7840: 7839: 7832: 7825: 7817: 7808: 7807: 7804: 7803: 7802: 7801: 7798: 7787: 7781: 7775: 7774: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7751: 7749: 7743: 7742: 7740: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7703: 7702: 7697: 7689: 7688: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7657: 7655: 7644: 7643: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7625: 7624: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7593: 7591: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7549: 7548: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7522: 7520: 7514: 7513: 7510: 7509: 7507: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7475: 7473: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7462: 7461: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7440: 7439: 7438: 7433: 7423: 7422: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7375: 7373: 7352: 7343: 7342: 7340: 7339: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7279: 7277: 7250: 7248:Anticoagulants 7244: 7243: 7240: 7239: 7237: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7220: 7218: 7214: 7213: 7211: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7194: 7192: 7186: 7185: 7183: 7182: 7181: 7180: 7175: 7165: 7164: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7137: 7135: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7099: 7097: 7095:COX inhibitors 7091: 7090: 7088: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7066: 7064: 7053: 7052: 7050: 7049: 7048: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7022: 7021: 7020: 7015: 7010: 6999: 6997: 6990: 6985: 6984: 6982: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6950: 6948: 6939: 6933: 6932: 6920:anticoagulants 6910: 6908: 6907: 6900: 6893: 6885: 6879: 6878: 6870: 6869:External links 6867: 6864: 6863: 6806: 6757: 6736: 6701: 6694: 6672: 6661:Biology Online 6648: 6613:(8): 217–224. 6596: 6539: 6502:(2): 238–245. 6482: 6450: 6393: 6344: 6292: 6233: 6181: 6146:(3): 477–480. 6129: 6072: 6034: 6008: 5989: 5986:on 2012-11-15. 5962: 5927: 5876: 5840: 5805: 5754: 5727:(7): 923–932. 5711: 5667: 5664:on 2006-03-18. 5645: 5623: 5581: 5578:on 2014-07-19. 5562: 5513: 5470: 5433:(3): e005969. 5413: 5384: 5324: 5295:(1): 348–352. 5272: 5241: 5189: 5160:(2): 209–219. 5140: 5113:. 2019-07-16. 5101: 5091: 5062:(4): 505–520. 5042: 5013:(5): 2416–23. 4993: 4958: 4939:(7): 1372–92. 4918: 4883: 4860: 4803: 4750: 4723:(4): e40–e42. 4707: 4656: 4621:(3): 289–293. 4605: 4564: 4533:(4): 193–203. 4513: 4511: 4510: 4467: 4437:, which cites 4400: 4365:(2): 155–173. 4349: 4306: 4263: 4239: 4204:(6): 671–681. 4187: 4163: 4128:(3): 242–245. 4112: 4077:(6): 416–444. 4061: 4010: 3943: 3907: 3888:(1): 242–249. 3871: 3828: 3799:(4): 678–683. 3779: 3743: 3699: 3658: 3623: 3588: 3559:(5): 1504–10. 3539: 3497: 3454: 3411: 3362: 3319: 3284: 3249: 3197: 3135: 3086: 3057:(9): 243–256. 3037: 2988: 2952: 2923:(1): 432–438. 2900: 2851: 2822:(5): 770–783. 2802: 2753: 2704: 2692:"CHA2DS2-VASc" 2683: 2659: 2638: 2617: 2574: 2560: 2534: 2499: 2450: 2409: 2360: 2316: 2273: 2244:(4): 301–318. 2224: 2205:(2): 315–352. 2189: 2158:(4): 123–128. 2138: 2109:(3): 194–204. 2089: 2065: 2030: 1991: 1964:(5): 514–524. 1945: 1918:(3): 583–593. 1902: 1871: 1822: 1789: 1756: 1702: 1651: 1600: 1557: 1496: 1437: 1380: 1319: 1308:. 26 July 2021 1288: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1263: 1260: 1236: 1233: 1197: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1164: 1161: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1115: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1097: 1075: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1063: 1053: 1046:sodium citrate 1038: 1015: 1014:Laboratory use 1012: 987: 984: 980:andexanet alfa 963: 960: 956: 955: 950: 945: 933: 895: 892: 876: 873: 859: 856: 808:Main article: 805: 802: 772:Drugs such as 766:Main article: 763: 760: 720: 717: 716: 715: 710: 705: 697: 694: 679: 676: 627: 624: 610:The coumarins 554: 551: 506: 503: 406:horse chestnut 349: 346: 325: 322: 298: 297: 294: 291: 285: 280: 275: 272: 267:states (e.g., 262: 256: 250: 245: 225: 222: 177:anticoagulant 149:As a class of 106: 105: 99: 98: 94: 93: 86: 80: 79: 78:External links 75: 74: 69: 63: 62: 58: 57: 54: 46: 45: 37: 36: 27:Class of drugs 26: 24: 18:Anticoagulants 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8881: 8870: 8869:Medical signs 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8856: 8854: 8839: 8834: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8809: 8808: 8805: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8766: 8761: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8737: 8733: 8727: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8707:Decongestants 8705: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8695: 8689: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8639: 8636: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8626:Dissociatives 8624: 8622: 8619: 8618: 8617: 8616:Hallucinogens 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8526: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8507: 8502: 8498: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8470: 8467: 8466: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8447: 8441: 8437: 8433: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8416: 8415: 8412: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8400: 8396: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8364: 8363: 8360: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8348: 8344: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8320:Anthelmintics 8318: 8316: 8313: 8312: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8295: 8291: 8287: 8284: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8274: 8270: 8266: 8261: 8257: 8251: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8226: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8207: 8201: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8167: 8164:genitourinary 8161: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8144:Antipruritics 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8122: 8118: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8096: 8095: 8092: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8074: 8073: 8072: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8060:Beta blockers 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8025: 8024: 8023: 8018: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8008: 8002: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7980: 7979: 7976: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7961:Antiplatelets 7959: 7958: 7957: 7954: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7942: 7938: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7873: 7872: 7869: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7859: 7854: 7850: 7846: 7838: 7833: 7831: 7826: 7824: 7819: 7818: 7815: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7776: 7772: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7752: 7750: 7748: 7747:Non-medicinal 7744: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7724: 7720: 7718: 7717:Streptokinase 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7692: 7690: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7667: 7666: 7662: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7654: 7653:fibrinolytics 7649: 7645: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7623: 7620: 7619: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7594: 7592: 7588: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7553: 7550: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7532: 7531: 7527: 7524: 7523: 7521: 7519: 7515: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7467: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7445: 7444: 7441: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7428: 7427: 7424: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7381: 7380: 7377: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7365: 7360: 7356: 7353: 7348: 7344: 7338: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7307:Phenprocoumon 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7292:Coumatetralyl 7290: 7288: 7287:Acenocoumarol 7284: 7281: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7258: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7245: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7221: 7219: 7215: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7195: 7193: 7191: 7187: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7170: 7169: 7166: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7151: 7147: 7144: 7143: 7142: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7134: 7130: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7092: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7058: 7054: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7026: 7023: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7005: 7004: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6986: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6947: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6934: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6916:thrombolytics 6913: 6906: 6901: 6899: 6894: 6892: 6887: 6886: 6883: 6876: 6873: 6872: 6868: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6810: 6807: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6776: 6772: 6768: 6761: 6758: 6746: 6740: 6737: 6732: 6728: 6724: 6720: 6716: 6712: 6705: 6702: 6697: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6676: 6673: 6662: 6658: 6652: 6649: 6644: 6640: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6600: 6597: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6543: 6540: 6535: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6501: 6497: 6493: 6486: 6483: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6454: 6451: 6446: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6397: 6394: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6348: 6345: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6296: 6293: 6288: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6237: 6234: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6185: 6182: 6177: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6133: 6130: 6125: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6076: 6073: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6041: 6039: 6035: 6030: 6029: 6021: 6015: 6013: 6009: 6004: 6000: 5993: 5990: 5982: 5975: 5969: 5967: 5963: 5952:on 2017-03-28 5948: 5944: 5937: 5931: 5928: 5923: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5880: 5877: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5857:(6): 709–16. 5856: 5852: 5844: 5841: 5836: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5821:(8): 615–33. 5820: 5816: 5809: 5806: 5801: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5758: 5755: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5715: 5712: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5678:Oral Diseases 5671: 5668: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5649: 5646: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5627: 5624: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5592: 5585: 5582: 5577: 5573: 5566: 5563: 5558: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5517: 5514: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5474: 5471: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5417: 5414: 5403:on 2017-10-26 5402: 5398: 5394: 5388: 5385: 5380: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5331: 5329: 5325: 5320: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5279: 5277: 5273: 5262:on 2017-03-28 5258: 5251: 5245: 5242: 5237: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5196: 5194: 5190: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5144: 5141: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5105: 5102: 5095: 5092: 5087: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5046: 5043: 5038: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 4997: 4994: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4962: 4959: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4919: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4887: 4884: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4864: 4861: 4856: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4807: 4804: 4800: 4795: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4754: 4751: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4711: 4708: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4660: 4657: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4609: 4606: 4601: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4568: 4565: 4560: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4527:Blood Reviews 4524: 4517: 4514: 4507: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4482:(3): 133–40. 4481: 4477: 4473: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4439: 4438: 4427: 4426: 4422: 4417: 4413: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4353: 4350: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4310: 4307: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4267: 4264: 4253: 4249: 4243: 4240: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4191: 4188: 4177: 4173: 4167: 4164: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4116: 4113: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4065: 4062: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4014: 4011: 4006: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3947: 3944: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3911: 3908: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3875: 3872: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3832: 3829: 3824: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3783: 3780: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3747: 3744: 3739: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3722:(8): e355-6. 3721: 3717: 3713: 3706: 3704: 3700: 3695: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3662: 3659: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3639:(1): 122–40. 3638: 3634: 3627: 3624: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3604:(3): 459–62. 3603: 3599: 3592: 3589: 3584: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3543: 3540: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3508: 3501: 3498: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3458: 3455: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3415: 3412: 3407: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3366: 3363: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3323: 3320: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3288: 3285: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3265:(6): 453–67. 3264: 3260: 3253: 3250: 3245: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3204: 3202: 3198: 3193: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3090: 3087: 3082: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3041: 3038: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2992: 2989: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2969:(1): e12-21. 2968: 2964: 2956: 2953: 2948: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2896: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2871:(4): 386–92. 2870: 2866: 2862: 2855: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2806: 2803: 2798: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2757: 2754: 2749: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2724:(9): 555–61. 2723: 2719: 2715: 2708: 2705: 2693: 2687: 2684: 2673: 2669: 2663: 2660: 2648: 2642: 2639: 2627: 2621: 2618: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2578: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2544:Heart Failure 2538: 2535: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2515:(3): 359–70. 2514: 2510: 2503: 2500: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2454: 2451: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2429:(8): 976–90. 2428: 2424: 2420: 2413: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2380:(5): 357–65. 2379: 2375: 2371: 2364: 2361: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2320: 2317: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2277: 2274: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2228: 2225: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2193: 2190: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2142: 2139: 2134: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2093: 2090: 2079: 2075: 2069: 2066: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2034: 2031: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1995: 1992: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1906: 1903: 1899: 1889:. p. A12 1888: 1887: 1882: 1875: 1872: 1867: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1826: 1823: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1793: 1790: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1760: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1727:(5): 509–11. 1726: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1712: 1706: 1703: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1667: 1662: 1655: 1652: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1624:(5): 565–76. 1623: 1619: 1618: 1612: 1604: 1601: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1569: 1561: 1558: 1553: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1512: 1507: 1500: 1497: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1453: 1448: 1441: 1438: 1433: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1384: 1381: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1331: 1323: 1320: 1307: 1303: 1302:Health A to Z 1299: 1293: 1290: 1283: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1144: 1142: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1118: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1095: 1091: 1088: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1073: 1066: 1061: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1032: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1021: 1013: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 992:Bethesda unit 985: 983: 981: 977: 972: 970: 961: 959: 954: 951: 949: 946: 943: 942: 937: 934: 931: 927: 923: 920: 916: 912: 909: 908: 907: 905: 901: 893: 891: 888: 886: 882: 874: 872: 868: 865: 857: 855: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 811: 803: 801: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 769: 761: 759: 756: 754: 748: 744: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 718: 714: 711: 709: 706: 703: 700: 699: 695: 693: 691: 688: 684: 677: 675: 673: 669: 665: 664: 659: 658: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 625: 623: 621: 617: 613: 608: 606: 602: 598: 597:phenprocoumon 594: 593:acenocoumarol 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 560: 552: 550: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 504: 502: 499: 495: 490: 488: 484: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 461: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 347: 345: 341: 339: 334: 330: 323: 321: 317: 315: 311: 305: 303: 296:Heart failure 295: 292: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 273: 270: 266: 263: 261: 257: 254: 251: 249: 246: 243: 239: 236: 235: 234: 232: 223: 221: 219: 214: 211: 207: 202: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 147: 145: 141: 137: 133: 132:clotting time 129: 125: 121: 117: 116:blood thinner 113: 112:anticoagulant 104: 100: 95: 91: 87: 85: 81: 76: 73: 70: 68: 64: 59: 52: 47: 44: 43: 38: 35:Anticoagulant 33: 30: 19: 8621:Psychedelics 8591:Aphrodisiacs 8265:infestations 8241:Sex hormones 8194:Sex hormones 8139:Cicatrizants 8069: 8055:Vasodilators 8022:antianginals 8019: 7965: 7871:stomach acid 7870: 7746: 7737:Fibrinolysin 7707:Anistreplase 7685:Desmoteplase 7680:Tenecteplase 7581:Ximelagatran 7431:Fondaparinux 7370:antithrombin 7326:Diphenadione 7247: 7203:Dipyridamole 7146:Dipyridamole 7085:Treprostinil 7080:Prostacyclin 6959:Eptifibatide 6919: 6823: 6819: 6809: 6777:(1): 20–29. 6774: 6770: 6760: 6749:. Retrieved 6739: 6714: 6710: 6704: 6681: 6675: 6664:. Retrieved 6660: 6651: 6610: 6606: 6599: 6556: 6552: 6542: 6499: 6495: 6485: 6475:, retrieved 6463: 6453: 6410: 6406: 6396: 6361: 6357: 6347: 6306: 6302: 6295: 6253:(8): 362–6. 6250: 6246: 6236: 6195: 6191: 6184: 6143: 6139: 6132: 6089: 6085: 6075: 6050: 6046: 6026: 6002: 5992: 5981:the original 5954:. Retrieved 5947:the original 5942: 5930: 5893: 5889: 5879: 5854: 5850: 5843: 5818: 5814: 5808: 5771: 5767: 5757: 5724: 5720: 5714: 5681: 5677: 5670: 5662:the original 5657: 5648: 5640:the original 5635: 5626: 5601: 5597: 5584: 5576:the original 5565: 5530: 5526: 5516: 5483: 5479: 5473: 5430: 5426: 5416: 5405:. Retrieved 5401:the original 5396: 5387: 5344: 5340: 5292: 5288: 5264:. Retrieved 5257:the original 5244: 5209: 5205: 5157: 5153: 5143: 5110: 5104: 5094: 5059: 5055: 5045: 5010: 5006: 4996: 4971: 4967: 4961: 4945:10.2741/4462 4936: 4932: 4896: 4892: 4886: 4880:(3): 97–102. 4877: 4873: 4863: 4820: 4816: 4806: 4797: 4767: 4763: 4753: 4720: 4716: 4710: 4669: 4665: 4659: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4584:(4): 57–72. 4581: 4577: 4567: 4530: 4526: 4516: 4479: 4475: 4449:(1): 37–41. 4446: 4442: 4432:15 September 4430:, retrieved 4419: 4362: 4358: 4352: 4319: 4315: 4309: 4276: 4272: 4266: 4255:. Retrieved 4251: 4242: 4201: 4197: 4190: 4179:. Retrieved 4175: 4166: 4125: 4121: 4115: 4074: 4070: 4064: 4023: 4019: 4013: 3960: 3956: 3946: 3921: 3917: 3910: 3885: 3881: 3874: 3844:(1): 67–71. 3841: 3837: 3831: 3796: 3792: 3782: 3757: 3753: 3746: 3719: 3715: 3678:(2): 241–6. 3675: 3671: 3661: 3636: 3632: 3626: 3601: 3597: 3591: 3556: 3552: 3542: 3517: 3513: 3500: 3467: 3463: 3457: 3427:(5): 674–7. 3424: 3420: 3414: 3379: 3375: 3365: 3332: 3328: 3322: 3300:(2): 352–4. 3297: 3293: 3287: 3262: 3258: 3252: 3217: 3213: 3157: 3153: 3103: 3099: 3089: 3054: 3050: 3040: 3005: 3001: 2991: 2966: 2962: 2955: 2920: 2916: 2868: 2864: 2854: 2819: 2815: 2805: 2770: 2766: 2756: 2721: 2717: 2707: 2696:. Retrieved 2686: 2675:. Retrieved 2671: 2662: 2651:. Retrieved 2641: 2630:. Retrieved 2620: 2587: 2583: 2577: 2543: 2537: 2512: 2508: 2502: 2470:(1): 79–89. 2467: 2463: 2453: 2426: 2422: 2412: 2377: 2373: 2363: 2330: 2326: 2319: 2289:(1): 24–30. 2286: 2282: 2276: 2241: 2237: 2227: 2202: 2198: 2192: 2155: 2151: 2141: 2106: 2102: 2092: 2081:. Retrieved 2077: 2068: 2043: 2039: 2033: 2011:(1): 53–63. 2008: 2004: 1994: 1961: 1957: 1915: 1911: 1905: 1897: 1891:. Retrieved 1884: 1874: 1839: 1835: 1825: 1814:. Retrieved 1802: 1792: 1781:. Retrieved 1769: 1759: 1724: 1718: 1711:Pirmohamed M 1705: 1670: 1664: 1654: 1621: 1615: 1603: 1578: 1572: 1560: 1515: 1509: 1499: 1456: 1450: 1440: 1397: 1393: 1383: 1338: 1334: 1322: 1310:. Retrieved 1301: 1292: 1273:CHADS2 score 1253: 1238: 1229: 1198: 1141:root planing 1137: 1124:antiplatelet 1121: 1116: 1114: 1103: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1084: 1081: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1017: 995: 991: 989: 976:idarucizumab 973: 965: 957: 939: 897: 889: 878: 869: 861: 840:ximelagatran 813: 771: 757: 753:idarucizumab 749: 745: 722: 702:Fondaparinux 681: 668:venipuncture 661: 655: 644:antithrombin 629: 620:rodenticides 609: 562: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 508: 491: 485: 477:coenzyme Q10 462: 362:lumbrokinase 351: 348:Interactions 342: 335: 331: 327: 318: 314:CHA2DS2-VASc 306: 299: 227: 224:Medical uses 215: 210:thrombolytic 203: 179:dosage forms 148: 136:blood-eating 115: 111: 109: 97:Legal status 90:D00534-class 40: 29: 8864:Blood tests 8754:Otologicals 8726:antagonists 8692:respiratory 8667:Orexigenics 8662:Neurotoxins 8611:Euphoriants 8601:Entactogens 8596:Depressants 8586:Anxiolytics 8524:Anesthetics 8300:Antifungals 7897:Antiemetics 7885:antagonists 7786:from market 7607:Defibrotide 7535:Bivalirudin 7504:Rivaroxaban 7443:Heparinoids 7436:Idraparinux 7337:Tioclomarol 7331:Phenindione 7321:Clorindione 7224:Cloricromen 7018:Ticlopidine 7008:Clopidogrel 6553:Circulation 6003:www.fda.gov 5099:PMC7213950. 4550:2434/476466 3716:Circulation 3002:Circulation 2590:: 206–218. 2103:Circulation 1842:(1): 11–7. 1245:factor XIIa 1205:ticlopidine 1201:clopidogrel 1168:paracetamol 1052:, and more. 904:diagnostics 828:bivalirudin 774:rivaroxaban 729:rivaroxaban 719:Direct oral 708:Idraparinux 690:coagulation 612:brodifacoum 605:phenindione 535:rivaroxaban 426:pomegranate 378:cranberries 358:nattokinase 290:from stents 199:rodenticide 175:intravenous 151:medications 124:coagulation 103:In Wikidata 8853:Categories 8677:Stimulants 8657:Nootropics 8631:Deliriants 8606:Entheogens 8541:Anorectics 8519:Analgesics 8372:Alkylating 8305:Antivirals 8260:infections 8134:Emollients 7988:Coagulants 7858:metabolism 7712:Monteplase 7629:Ramatroban 7612:Nafamostat 7597:Abelacimab 7576:Melagatran 7561:Dabigatran 7556:Argatroban 7499:Otamixaban 7484:Betrixaban 7472:("xabans") 7458:Sulodexide 7448:Danaparoid 7419:Tinzaparin 7409:Parnaparin 7404:Nadroparin 7399:Enoxaparin 7394:Dalteparin 7389:Certoparin 7349:inhibitors 7297:Dicoumarol 7198:Cilostazol 7178:Terutroban 7156:Picotamide 7045:Ticagrelor 7029:nucleoside 7025:Nucleotide 6995:inhibitors 6974:Sibrafiban 6751:2020-02-20 6666:2009-02-14 6477:2020-01-23 6464:StatPearls 5956:2020-01-09 5407:2016-03-09 5266:2016-03-09 4316:The Lancet 4257:2020-01-23 4181:2020-01-23 3470:(4): 740. 3335:(3): 251. 2698:2014-08-15 2677:2020-01-23 2653:2014-08-15 2632:2014-08-15 2083:2020-01-23 1893:2008-01-06 1816:2020-01-23 1803:StatPearls 1783:2020-01-23 1770:StatPearls 1766:"Warfarin" 1284:References 1249:factor XIa 1213:ticagrelor 1184:diclofenac 1158:hemostasis 1060:glycolysis 1020:laboratory 930:fibrinogen 911:Batroxobin 864:hemostatic 836:dabigatran 832:argatroban 798:eribaxaban 786:betrixaban 741:betrixaban 725:dabigatran 672:Vacutainer 616:difenacoum 601:atromentin 579:(DVT) and 543:betrixaban 531:dabigatran 487:Grapefruit 473:cat's claw 446:wheatgrass 430:red clover 352:Foods and 288:Restenosis 144:mosquitoes 42:Drug class 8827:ATC codes 8793:Dressings 8778:Antidotes 8642:Sedatives 8638:Hypnotics 8347:malignant 8204:endocrine 8050:Diuretics 7983:Platelets 7943:and blood 7902:Laxatives 7796:Phase III 7784:Withdrawn 7700:Urokinase 7695:Saruplase 7675:Reteplase 7670:Alteplase 7617:Protein C 7571:Inogatran 7566:Efegatran 7552:Univalent 7545:Lepirudin 7540:Desirudin 7489:Darexaban 7414:Reviparin 7384:Bemiparin 7347:Factor Xa 7283:Coumarins 7260:(inhibit 7234:Vorapaxar 7208:Triflusal 7173:Terbogrel 7161:Terbogrel 7150:+ aspirin 7123:Triflusal 7118:Indobufen 7108:Aloxiprin 7070:Beraprost 7040:Elinogrel 7035:Cangrelor 7013:Prasugrel 6979:Tirofiban 6969:Roxifiban 6964:Orbofiban 6954:Abciximab 6858:244132392 6801:222320654 6627:0340-6245 6575:0009-7322 6516:0340-6245 6427:0028-4793 6380:0028-4793 6323:0340-6245 6269:2307-8960 6212:0340-6245 6160:0340-6245 6106:0021-9746 6053:: 22–31. 5706:169034257 5465:212640015 5449:1941-7705 5361:2047-9980 5135:241319098 5127:2643-4652 4837:1866-0452 4686:1465-6566 4635:1828-0447 4395:210842354 4379:1747-4086 4293:1079-2082 4252:Drugs.com 4218:0094-6176 4142:0957-5235 4091:0312-5963 4040:1060-0280 3987:1932-6203 3174:1465-1858 2333:: 68–73. 1473:1469-493X 1414:2982-6799 1375:260192613 1359:0743-684X 1345:: 481–6. 1256:milvexian 1209:prasugrel 1180:ibuprofen 1004:coagulant 948:Vitamin E 824:lepirudin 794:letaxaban 790:darexaban 648:factor Xa 402:green tea 258:Ischemic 8672:Serenics 8337:Vaccines 8104:Fibrates 7926:Vitamins 7876:Antacids 7526:Bivalent 7494:Edoxaban 7479:Apixaban 7312:Warfarin 7229:Ditazole 7075:Iloprost 7031:analogs 6850:34780683 6793:33047462 6731:24463230 6643:28694620 6635:22627883 6583:21900088 6534:27853809 6472:30137783 6445:27573206 6388:26559317 6339:37404563 6331:20352166 6287:25133148 6220:27488143 6176:45458169 6124:15509671 6067:29258056 5922:28228727 5871:24120910 5835:21073495 5800:26822674 5741:29627150 5698:31140701 5632:"Exanta" 5618:16148288 5557:21878434 5508:49418996 5500:29941506 5457:32148102 5379:32538234 5319:30504331 5236:30176738 5184:46865986 5176:29193737 5086:26862016 5037:22283665 4988:25088334 4974:: 60–8. 4953:27100512 4913:12801218 4855:29789105 4794:24069072 4745:44103560 4737:29861320 4702:52099757 4694:30152249 4651:25807727 4643:26972708 4600:30697449 4559:28196633 4506:20514175 4463:18691773 4387:31958251 4344:25712161 4336:27375038 4234:24822900 4226:27232386 4158:33380206 4150:27023878 4107:22389544 4056:43777757 4048:14565795 4005:28797065 3957:PLOS ONE 3938:11535373 3902:26852855 3866:22447084 3858:11711691 3823:30349886 3774:18574270 3738:16923760 3694:16432096 3583:18495950 3534:16030366 3492:20482173 3484:11564060 3449:28632135 3441:12741443 3357:38261767 3279:13171021 3244:22315269 3192:29285754 3130:52922296 3122:30286834 3081:28651452 3024:17515465 2983:26765643 2947:30504343 2895:22224125 2846:31539334 2797:35833913 2748:26418409 2694:. MDCalc 2649:. MDCalc 2628:. 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