47:
318:
813:
Kings from the Third
Dynasty of Ur also introduced Annunitum to Uruk. She was worshiped there as one of the members of the entourage of Inanna, as attested in the archive of Shulgi-simti. However, she later disappears from texts from this city until the first millennium BCE. A letter from the scholar
592:
according to commemorative inscriptions repaired the E-maš of
Annunitum in Sippar-Annunītu. The toponym might be either an alternate name of Sippar-Amnanum, or alternatively the part of the city where the temple was located. It is uncertain if the E-maš was an alternate name of the E-ulmaš, the name
419:
of Ishtar, originally associated with the temple E-ulmaš in Akkad. Spencer J. Allen assumes the connection between them originally developed in this location. Tonia
Sharlach notes that while distinct from each other, they appear in sources from the Ur III period together frequently and compares them
535:
notes that while It has been proposed that this might reflect a situation in which a major deity was superimposed over a preexisting one whose name was only preserved in the name of the temple, this theory lacks evidence other than the presence of names with phrases like Ulmaš seemingly functioning
596:
No exemplars of the aforementioned inscriptions dealing with the reconstruction of
Annunitum's temple dated to the Kassite period have been discovered, but like many other royal inscriptions they were copied in the Neo-Babylonian period and survive in the form of a compilation. Most likely scribes
922:
of the land", also attested as the name of a temple of
Annunitum in Babylon, is a variant rather than a separate house of worship. It continued to function through the first millennium BCE. An Old Babylonian prayer additionally associated Annunitum with the E-turkalamma ("house, cattle pen of the
677:
Nabonidus elevated
Annunitum's position in the pantheon of Sippar. It is assumed that he considered her one of the most important deities next to Sin, Shamash and Ishtar. He rebuilt the E-ulmaš in the sixteenth year of his reign. According to one of his inscriptions, he was instructed to do so by
1037:
Annuis the single most common theophoric element in names of women, appearing in forty eight different types. Examples include Annu-amriya, Annu-asiya, Annu-damqa, Annu-gāmiltī and Annu-tukultī. Masculine names invoking her have been identified too, but overall feminine ones predominate. Nakata
774:, centered on Terqa, Annunitum was among deities invoked in oaths, as already attested in texts from the reign of the local ruler Zimri-lim (presumably named in honor of his Mariote forerunner); however she only appears in formulas most likely reflecting Babylonian, rather than local, culture.
554:. Alexa Bartelmus and Jon Taylor stress there is no unambiguous evidence for the existence of Sippar-Amnanum before the Ur III period, and that later rulers like Nabonidus do not claim the temple of Annunitum was founded during the Old Akkadian period, which makes the early dating implausible.
758:
deals with a prophecy of
Annunitum delivered by Ili-ḫaznaya, a member of her temple's staff, who explained that the goddess wants to warn the king about a rebellion. In another letter a woman named Addu-duri, who addresses herself as a maidservant of Zimri-Lim, informs the king that a female
496:
By the Ur III period Akkad ceased to be considered an important city, but
Annunitum's cult spread across Mesopotamia. Through the Old Babylonian period she remained one of the goddesses most commonly invoked in personal letters, and appears in them with comparable frequency to Aya,
1033:
It has been suggested that the theonym Annu known from texts from Mari might be a variant form of
Annunitum or otherwise related to her. However, Ichiro Nakata argues that Annu's character should be considered unknown, and that only her gender can be established with certainty.
531:, modern Tell ed-Der, located next to ancient Sippar-Yahrurum, modern Abu Habbah, which in antiquity was a cult center of Shamash and Aya. She was worshiped in a temple beating the ceremonial name E-ulmaš, similarly as the temple of Ishtar in Akkad. Its meaning remains unknown;
269:
and Inanna of Ulmaš (Ishtar of Akkad) as three separate deities, with separate compositions dedicated to each of them. Sharlach suggests that to accommodate this information, the study of "forms" of Ishtar in
Mesopotamian sources requires relying on a methodology developed by
1091:
In Old Babylonian Mari Nunu appears in twelve types of masculine theophoric names and six types of feminine ones. Attestations from outside Mari are known too, but they are similarly limited to theophoric names. The oldest known examples are the name of a son of the king of
1073:. An alternate proposal is that Nunu was a deity associated with fish from sweetwater lagoons, though this remains unconfirmed. Furthermore, it remains uncertain if Nunu attested in theophoric names is related to an identically named demon associated with the steppe (
374:
Annunitum could be regarded as a daughter of Sin, though references to this association are entirely limited to Nabonidus' inscriptions. It is presumed that this tradition is an extension of presenting Sin as the father of Ishtar. A unique passage from Nabonidus'
682:) was held; such celebrations are otherwise only attested for Shamash alongside gods of Sippar as a collective. However, her elevation under Nabonidus had no impact on her popularity in theophoric names, with only two examples attested in texts from his reign.
678:
Annunitum in a dream. He also states that when the work started, inscriptions of Shagarakti-Shuriash were discovered, and the rebuilding followed guidance found in them. During his reign Annunitum was also the only deity for whom a separate clothing ceremony (
285:. As summarized by Beckman, "in some respects (...) Ištar-figures partake of a common essence, while in others they are distinct". He also notes that "any special features of the varieties will become apparent only if each is initially studied in isolation".
549:
based on the name of her temple. However, she acknowledges that there is no evidence for the existence of this house of worship before the Old Babylonian period and that the oldest reference to Annunitum being worshiped in Sippar is a text from the reign of
982:, Dan-bītum and Rašub-bītum in a foundation inscription imploring them to punish anyone who would destroy this text. Nathan Wasserman and Ygal Bloch suggest that he might have mentioned her in order to evoke the tradition of rulers of the Akkadian Empire.
526:
Annunitum was considered an important deity in Sippar. As already attested in the Old Babylonian period, she could be referred to with the epithet Šarrat-Sipparim, :queen of Sippar", though it was also applied to Ishtar. She was the tutelary goddess of
670:. In offering lists from the reign of Nabopolassar she is the last of the deities mentioned, but her position improved during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II. According to Nabonidus' inscriptions she was subsequently returned to Sippar-Amnanum by
631:
indicate Annunitum remained a major goddess in the local pantheon through the twelfth century, but at an unknown point in time her position started to decline. According to an inscription of Nabonidus, the E-ulmaš was eventually destroyed by
95:
exemplifying her warlike aspect, but by the late third millennium BCE she came to function as a distinct deity. She was the tutelary goddess of the cities of Akkad and Sippar-Amnanum, though she was also worshiped elsewhere in Mesopotamia.
540:
element, which can be explained as the temple name itself being regarded as divine, rather than as proof of the existence of otherwise unattested deity Ulmaš. The temple has not been excavated yet, and its full history remains uncertain.
313:
lion-griffons. Other seals from Sippar indicate she could be depicted in a robe leaving one shoulder and breast exposed, similarly to Ishtar and Aya. It is assumed that this garment was meant to highlight beauty, charm and sex appeal.
1096:
mentioned in a text from Ebla, Ir-KUM-Nunu (reading of the second sign is uncertain), and a number of names from Old Akkadian texts from the north of Babylonia, such as Da-Nunu and Šu-Nunu. Later examples are uncommonly attested in
480:
of the city of Akkad, and it has been described as the main cult center of Annunitum as a distinct deity as well. A temple dedicated to her existed in this city, but its full ceremonial name is not known. It is mentioned in the
216:
2284–2275 BCE) already refers to them as a pair of distinct goddesses as opposed to a singular Ishtar-Annunitum. By the end of the third millennium BCE, Annunitum was widely recognized as a separate goddess. In the
544:
Tonia Sharlach speculatively suggests Sippar already became Annunitum's main cult center in the Ur III period. Jennie Myers suggests that Annunitum might have become its tutelary goddess during the reign of the
244:
Spencer J. Allen refers to the phenomenon of epithets of Mesopotamian deities becoming distinct figures as "divine splintering". Other comparable cases of an epithet of Ishtar becoming a distinct deity include
200:. However, later it came to be viewed as a theonym, rather than an epithet, and developed into a distinct deity. It is assumed the process of separation of Annunitum from Ishtar started during the reign of
51:
A depiction of Ishtar as an armed warrior on an Akkadian seal, 2350–2150 BCE. The warlike aspect of Ishtar, "Ishtar Annunitum," developed into a separate goddess in the late third millennium BCE.
916:. A later topographical text indicates the former bore the ceremonial name E-saggašarra, "foremost house of the universe". It is presumed that E-mesigakalammašarra, "house of all given
1020:
to Annunitum. Texts from the same city contemporary with Old Babylonian sources from Mesopotamia mention priests in her service and preserve a number of theophoric names invoking her.
636:. No other sources refer to this event, but it is presumed that the account reflects historical reality. Nabonidus additionally asserts that Annunitum was subsequently transferred to
782:
Annunitum was worshiped in Ur in the Ur III period. Offerings made to her are well documented in the archive of Shulgi-simti. Festivals involving Annunitum documented in it include
767:) conveyed another message of Annunitum meant for him, according to which he should remain in Mari and avoid travel, as it will let the goddess continue to communicate with him.
593:
of a shrine within it, or a different house of worship. Bartelmus and Taylor suggest that the small number of references to it makes the first possibility the most plausible.
597:
worked with a cache of foundation deposits of both kings. The inscription of Shagarakti-Shuriash refers to him as "the shepherd, favorite of Šamaš and beloved of Annunītum" (
1038:
points out that the theonym Annu is largely absent from texts from Mari despite commonly appearing in theophoric names, and compares this phenomenon to the similar cases of
733:. She is listed after Dīrītum and before Ḫubur as a recipient of six sheep in a text documenting offerings made after Zimri-Lim's ascension, and between Mārat-iltim and
576:
Sippar-Amnanum was destroyed in a fire and remained uninhabited for around 200 years. The cult of Annunitum was most likely transferred to Sippar-Yahrurum as a result.
354:
from the Kassite period indicates that Annunitum was among the deities regarded as capable of inflicting oath-breakers with leprosy, a role shared with deities such as
2801:
Bartelmus, Alexa; Taylor, Jon (2014). "Collecting and Connecting History: Nabonidus and the Kassite Rebuilding of E(ul)maš of (Ištar)-Annunītu in Suppar-Annunītu".
293:
Annunitum was regarded as a warlike goddess. She could be addressed as the lady of battle. She originally exemplified the martial side of Ishtar. An inscription of
3716:
3494:
741:. One of the earliest year names of Zimri-Lim commemorates the construction of a statue of Annunitum in the city of Šeḫrum, located close to Mari and Der. In the
709:
Annunitum is first attested in Mari in the Ur III period, though her importance in the local pantheon only grew in the Old Babylonian period. During the reign of
798:. In one of his inscriptions presumed to commemorate this event he refers to her as his spouse. Two Ur III texts from Ur of uncertain dating mentions the staff (
493:
regions. Annunitum was adopted as a personal deity by Naram-Sin of Akkad, and apparently after his deification he was considered to be married to her.
565:. A street, a gate and a canal named after her existed in Sippar-Amnanum. The number of theophoric names invoking her increased after the reign of
3532:
Die Wettergottgestalten Mesopotamiens und Nordsyriens im Zeitalter der Keilschriftkulturen: Materialien und Studien nach den schriftlichen Quellen
989:
in the Neo-Assyrian period Annunitum might have been worshiped in the temple of Ishtar of Nineveh, without necessarily being identified with her.
443:
entered the temple of Annunitum, though it has been noted he was only occasionally associated with any deities belonging to the Mariote pantheon.
389:
simultaneously referring to Enlil and Sin as Annunitum's fathers is presumed to reflect the so-called "theology of the moon", an idea attested in
439:, possibly due to their shared connection with Ishtar. Additionally, a text from this city refers to a belief that after his annual resurrection
794:, the nature of which is uncertain. A temple dedicated to her is well attested in administrative texts, and might have been originally built by
425:
701:, which consisted of sheep, barley or dates. The E-ulmaš is still mentioned in an administrative text dated to the reign of the latter ruler.
3692:
3626:
3594:
3575:
3540:
3511:
3470:
3447:
3412:
3348:
3238:
3211:
3153:
3124:
3105:
3057:
3030:
3003:
2894:
2791:
2767:
416:
408:
When regarded as distinct from Ishtar, Annunitum could be regarded as a member of her entourage, as already attested in the Ur III period.
880:
festival of Ishtar, which focused on her various local manifestations (such as Urkayītu and Bēlet-Eanna of Udannu) and courtiers (such as
689:
indicate that Annunitum retained her position in offering lists established during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II. During the reigns of
557:
The worship of Annunitum in the Old Babylonian is well documented in the archive of Ur-Utu who served as her chief lamentation priest (
485:
temple list, which is known from only one exemplar and focused on houses of worship located in the north of Mesopotamia, including the
3188:
3078:
2778:
265:" designating multiple interconnected deities. For example, a collection of hymns from the Ur III period treats Inanna of Uruk,
3734:
561:). She is one of the only three goddesses attested as divine witnesses in legal texts from Sippar, the other two being Aya and
3258:
1117:
Additionally, in the Neo-Babylonian period it came to function as the proper name of a new deity distinct from both of them.
3198:
Lambert, Wilfed G. (1989). "A Babylonian Prayer to Anūna". In Behrens, Hermann; Loding, Darlene; Roth, Martha Tobi (eds.).
3607:
The Royal Inscriptions of Amēl-Marduk (561–560 BC), Neriglissar (559–556 BC), and Nabonidus (555–539 BC), Kings of Babylon
2760:
The Splintered Divine: A Study of Istar, Baal, and Yahweh: Divine Names and Divine Multiplicity in the Ancient Near East
884:). However, her only possible attestation occurs in a broken passage, and the restoration of the name is uncertain.
846:
priest in her service. Paul-Alain Beaulieu suggests she might have been one of the minor goddesses worshiped in the
2780:
Goddesses in Context: On Divine Powers, Roles, Relationships and Gender in Mesopotamian Textual and Visual Sources
748:
A temple dedicated to Annunitum existed in Mari; it was referred to simply as E-Anunnītim, "Annunitum's house". A
1069:, while possible to interpret as Nunu with a determinative designating this word as theonym, can also be read as
309:-like weapon. Another possible depiction of Annunitum on a cylinder seal shows her standing on the back of two
3405:
From the foundations to the crenellations: essays on temple building in the Ancient Near East and Hebrew Bible
3206:. Occasional Publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum.
3739:
644:, though in this context the term should be understood as a generic reference to barbarians or enemies of
386:
334:
326:
1084:(tablet IV, line 270), and with a further figure sharing this name equated in a late esoteric text with
713:
she was one of the nine deities who received the most offerings during festivals, next to the local god
510:
394:
117:
1055:
608:), which likely influenced Nabonidus' description of him as "the favorite of Shamash and Annunitum" (
84:
3145:
Letters to the King of Mari: A New Translation, with Historical Introduction, Notes, and Commentary
1098:
815:
585:
532:
390:
827:
659:
made offerings to Annunitum and other displaced deities in a structure located near or within the
146:, became standard. An Old Babylonian prayer (CBS 19842) additionally preserves the shortened form
3710:
3665:
3488:
3325:
3317:
2949:
2941:
2867:
2859:
908:
One of the year names of Shar-kali-sharri refers to the construction of temples of Annunitum and
261:
notes that it might be more accurate to refer to the names Ishtar and Inanna as "something of an
209:
193:
151:
851:
509:, though less commonly than Ishtar. She continued to be worshiped across Mesopotamia up to the
3698:
3688:
3657:
3622:
3590:
3571:
3546:
3536:
3517:
3507:
3476:
3466:
3443:
3418:
3408:
3387:
3354:
3344:
3309:
3274:
3234:
3207:
3184:
3149:
3130:
3120:
3101:
3084:
3074:
3053:
3026:
2999:
2933:
2900:
2890:
2851:
2818:
2787:
2763:
1013:
1009:
938:
686:
660:
656:
628:
266:
142:, already known from a single Old Babylonian text and from a late Kassite inscription of king
459:(tablet V, line 185), though there this deity is assigned a similar role in association with
376:
321:
A constellation referred to with Annunitum's name corresponded to the eastern part of Pisces.
3649:
3614:
3563:
3435:
3379:
3299:
3266:
3226:
3176:
3045:
3018:
2991:
2925:
2843:
2810:
1039:
866:, and that members of this group were collectively referred to as "the ladies" (GAŠAN.MEŠ =
839:
771:
694:
546:
477:
341:
prayer dedicated to her in this role is known. However, she was usually not described as an
279:
275:
254:
201:
46:
3605:
1060:
3744:
871:
690:
537:
355:
154:
as Anūna. There is no certainty whether the original pronunciation is better reflected by
109:
412:
257:. Tonia Sharlach in her study of Annunitum and other goddesses worshiped in the court of
401:
while the moon was waxing. In this context, Enlil was redefined as a designation of the
918:
855:
714:
528:
498:
381:
177:
143:
135:
64:
3589:. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East. Vol. 133. Leiden, Boston: Brill.
3459:"Uruk in der Frühen Bronzezeit: Zu dessen Königen und Göttern und zur Lage von Kulaba"
3432:
If a Man Builds a Joyful House: Assyriological Studies in Honor of Erle Verdun Leichty
734:
3728:
3329:
2953:
2871:
436:
330:
302:
298:
262:
234:
218:
121:
3560:
An Ox of One's Own: Royal Wives and Religion at the Court of the Third Dynasty of Ur
246:
3587:
The Amorites: A Political History of Mesopotamia in the Early Second Millennium BCE
3270:
3172:
The Revival of the Anu Cult and the Nocturnal Fire Ceremony at Late Babylonian Uruk
2814:
1093:
946:
927:
923:
land"), though the main deity of this temple was Bēlet-Bābili (Ishtar of Babylon).
652:
562:
486:
421:
402:
342:
271:
197:
155:
92:
60:
3288:"The god Itūr-Mēr in the middle Euphrates region during the Old Babylonian period"
998:
960:
discovered in Isin mentions the appointment of a certain Tarām-pala-migrīša as an
282:
3143:
2968:
3259:"A Study of Women's Theophoric Personal Names in Old Babylonian Texts from Mari"
1085:
957:
718:
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645:
566:
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301:
from Sippar assumed to depict her in the company of another goddess, likely
294:
105:
3340:
God lists from Old Babylonian Nippur in the University Museum, Philadelphia
3044:. RIM. The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia. University of Toronto Press.
3017:. RIM. The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia. University of Toronto Press.
2990:. RIM. The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia. University of Toronto Press.
169:" or "the martial one". Etymological connections with phonetically similar
3618:
3567:
3304:
3287:
3049:
3022:
2995:
446:
A fragmentary omen list refers to Eturammi as the messenger of Annunitum (
760:
665:
482:
398:
310:
181:
3321:
274:
for the purpose of study of deities designated by the logogram IŠTAR in
3669:
2945:
2863:
1476:
1474:
1449:
1447:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1054:
A further possible variant of the name is Nunu. Antoine Cavigneaux and
986:
978:. The local ruler Takil-ilissu mentioned her alongside Ulmašītum, Anu,
975:
968:
913:
859:
831:
807:
803:
795:
641:
637:
359:
350:
317:
306:
170:
17:
3637:
2913:
2831:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
930:, though it ceased to function in the third decade of Shulgi's reign.
3265:. 30 and 31. The Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan: 234–253.
3068:
2037:
2035:
1413:
1411:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
934:
898:
881:
835:
823:
755:
722:
551:
490:
460:
447:
440:
258:
238:
222:
126:
88:
3653:
3530:
3458:
3338:
3170:
2929:
2847:
2064:
2062:
397:
texts according to which Sin possessed the powers of Enlil, Anu and
3400:
3383:
3367:
1043:
926:
In the Ur III period a shrine dedicated to Annunitum existed near
909:
902:
876:
847:
738:
737:
in another similar source focused on sacrifices to the deities of
730:
363:
316:
208:
2175-2150 BCE), though it is possible a passage from the reign of
1986:
1984:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1017:
1005:
950:
942:
754:
resided in it. One of the letters sent to Zimri-Lim by his wife
230:
1065:
suggest that it might be a variant of Annu, and point out that
874:, she might have been one of the deities celebrated during the
476:
In the Old Akkadian period Ishtar-Annunitum was considered the
3504:
From the Mari Archives: an Anthology of Old Babylonian Letters
1001:
from the Ur III period, Annunitum is addressed as his mother.
173:
161:
It is presumed that Annunitum's name is derived from the root
974:
In the Old Babylonian period Annunitum was also worshiped in
569:, rising from 1% in early Old Babylonian sources to over 6%.
233:, and by the Old Babylonian period both of them had separate
226:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
420:
to a pair of twins. She also points out in the archive of
3430:
Reiner, Erica (2006). "If Mars Comes Close to Pegasus…".
3098:
The Moon God Sin in Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian Times
2712:
2710:
2661:
2659:
2646:
2644:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1224:
1222:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
297:
describes her as armed with a bow and arrows. An earlier
87:
associated with warfare. She was initially an epithet of
945:
temple complex, as attested in a list from the reign of
3638:"The Old Akkadian Presence in Nineveh: Fact or Fiction"
3562:. Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Records. De Gruyter.
2156:
2154:
2093:
2091:
2089:
1326:
1324:
1294:
1292:
745:, she is said to assist the king during his campaigns.
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
76:
2887:
The Pantheon of Uruk During the Neo-Babylonian Period
2635:
2472:
1927:
1915:
1814:
1790:
1766:
1754:
1730:
1480:
1465:
1453:
1315:
1283:
1259:
1247:
1155:
1153:
870:), but stresses the evidence is inconclusive. In the
3463:
Uruk - altorientalische Metropole und Kulturzentrum
3070:
House Most High: the Temples of Ancient Mesopotamia
2777:Asher-Greve, Julia M.; Westenholz, Joan G. (2013).
2740:
2623:
2145:
2068:
2041:
1826:
1417:
822:, mentions the repair of statues representing her,
56:
32:
138:as well, in sources from the first millennium BCE
112:onward, Annunitum's name was typically written as
3648:. British Institute for the Study of Iraq: 7–18.
1101:and Old Babylonian texts from various locations.
431:Wolfgang Heimpel proposes that in Old Babylonian
2967:Cavigneaux, Antoine; Krebernik, Manfred (1998),
2842:. American Schools of Oriental Research: 85–96.
3292:Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale
2924:. American Schools of Oriental Research: 1–10.
2133:
2026:
2014:
2002:
1990:
1855:
1201:
3221:Lambert, Wilfred G.; Winters, Ryan D. (2023).
2568:
2544:
2232:
1694:
1682:
453:). This name is also attested in the god list
221:, she was worshiped separately from Ishtar in
3604:Weiershäuser, Frauke; Novotny, Jamie (2020).
3298:. Presses Universitaires de France: 129–136.
3204:-dub-ba-a. Studies in Honor of Åke W. Sjöberg
1492:
897:A mace head dedicated to Ishtar-Anunnitum by
8:
2376:
2364:
3715:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3683:Zadok, Ran (2018). "The Peoples of Elam".
3493:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3015:Sargonic and Gutian Periods (2234-2113 BC)
2424:
901:has been discovered during excavations in
45:
3378:(1). University of Chicago Press: 49–71.
3303:
134:remained the most common spelling in the
3585:Wasserman, Nathan; Bloch, Yigal (2023).
3115:Hunger, Hermann; Pingree, David (1999).
2496:
2400:
2388:
2352:
2316:
2304:
2292:
2244:
1838:
1622:
1610:
1438:
1366:
1354:
1228:
1144:
1016:indicates that he dedicated a temple in
329:Annunitum's name was used to refer to a
241:, respectively the E-ulmaš and E-edina.
3250:The Sippar pantheon: a diachronic study
3148:. Pennsylvania State University Press.
1742:
1634:
1593:
1581:
1569:
1557:
1545:
1528:
1504:
1402:
1390:
1378:
1271:
1213:
1130:
1110:
964:priestess at the request of Annunitum.
196:as the tutelary goddess of the city of
3708:
3535:(in German). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
3486:
2988:Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 B.C.)
2728:
2716:
2701:
2689:
2677:
2665:
2650:
2580:
2556:
2532:
2520:
2508:
2484:
2460:
2448:
2436:
2340:
2328:
2280:
2268:
2256:
2220:
2208:
2196:
1718:
1706:
1670:
1658:
1646:
697:she received offerings referred to as
435:Annunitum was closely associated with
411:Annunitum was closely associated with
165:, "warlike". It can be translated as "
29:
3506:. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns.
2604:
2592:
2184:
2172:
2160:
2121:
2109:
2097:
2080:
2053:
1975:
1963:
1951:
1939:
1903:
1891:
1879:
1867:
1802:
1516:
1342:
1330:
1298:
1184:
1159:
424:they effectively form a quartet with
7:
2412:
1778:
337:, specifically the eastern fish. An
640:and that her cult was disturbed by
3636:Westenholz, Joan Goodnick (2004).
997:On the seal of Zardamu, a king of
651:During the Neo-Babylonian period,
25:
2636:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
2473:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1928:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1916:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1815:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1791:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1767:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1755:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1731:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1481:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1466:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1454:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1316:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1284:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1260:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1248:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
120:it was prefaced with the "divine
933:Annunitum was also worshiped in
3613:. Penn State University Press.
3461:. In van Ess, Margarete (ed.).
3372:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
2914:"Ištar of Nineveh Reconsidered"
2741:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998
2624:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998
2146:Weiershäuser & Novotny 2020
2069:Weiershäuser & Novotny 2020
2042:Weiershäuser & Novotny 2020
1827:Weiershäuser & Novotny 2020
1418:Weiershäuser & Novotny 2020
802:) of the temples of Annunitum,
426:Belet-Šuḫnir and Belet-Terraban
370:Associations with other deities
3271:10.5356/orient1960.30and31.234
3117:Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia
2815:10.5615/jcunestud.66.2014.0113
1080:) who appears in the god list
941:she received offerings in the
1:
3457:Sallaberger, Walther (2021).
3368:"Hana and the Low Chronology"
2889:. Leiden Boston: Brill STYX.
2885:Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2003).
2830:Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (1995).
971:built a temple of Annunitum.
937:in the Ur III period. In the
213:
205:
3073:. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
3042:Ur III Period (2112-2004 BC)
2973:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
2918:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
2836:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
2803:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
674:, who renovated her statue.
192:Annunitum was originally an
3434:. Brill. pp. 313–323.
3337:Peterson, Jeremiah (2009).
3223:An = Anum and Related Lists
2786:. Academic Press Fribourg.
2134:Bartelmus & Taylor 2014
2027:Bartelmus & Taylor 2014
2015:Bartelmus & Taylor 2014
2003:Bartelmus & Taylor 2014
1991:Bartelmus & Taylor 2014
1856:Bartelmus & Taylor 2014
1202:Bartelmus & Taylor 2014
838:. A text from the reign of
786:, held in fall, a banquet (
345:, in contrast with Ishtar.
158:with a single or double n.
3761:
3407:. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.
3366:Podany, Amanda H. (2014).
3343:. Münster: Ugarit Verlag.
3142:Heimpel, Wolfgang (2003).
3067:George, Andrew R. (1993).
2758:Allen, Spencer L. (2015).
2569:Wasserman & Bloch 2023
2545:Wasserman & Bloch 2023
2233:Wasserman & Bloch 2023
1695:Lambert & Winters 2023
1683:Lambert & Winters 2023
3529:Schwemer, Daniel (2001).
3440:10.1163/9789047408239_027
3401:"Elamite Temple Building"
3399:Potts, Daniel T. (2010).
3231:10.1628/978-3-16-161383-8
3181:10.1163/9789004364943_004
1493:Hunger & Pingree 1999
893:Other Mesopotamian cities
333:corresponding to part of
289:Character and iconography
44:
37:
3558:Sharlach, Tonia (2017).
3502:Sasson, Jack M. (2015).
3465:(in German). Wiesbaden.
3040:Frayne, Douglas (1997).
3013:Frayne, Douglas (1993).
2986:Frayne, Douglas (1990).
627:Texts from the reign of
3286:Nakata, Ichiro (2011).
3257:Nakata, Ichiro (1995).
2832:"The Brewers of Nippur"
3735:Mesopotamian goddesses
3248:Myers, Jennie (2002).
3096:Hätinen, Aino (2021).
2912:Beckman, Gary (1998).
1024:Uncertain attestations
1008:king Atta-hušu of the
1004:An inscription of the
850:complex, similarly to
790:) held in summer, and
327:Mesopotamian astronomy
322:
305:, shows her holding a
3619:10.1515/9781646021178
3568:10.1515/9781501505263
3305:10.3917/assy.105.0129
3050:10.3138/9781442657069
3023:10.3138/9781442658578
2996:10.3138/9781442678033
603:-ke ki-áĝ an-nu-ni-tu
522:Old Babylonian period
511:Neo-Babylonian period
348:A curse formula on a
320:
184:have been ruled out.
118:Old Babylonian period
3169:Krul, Julia (2018).
116:. Starting with the
85:Mesopotamian goddess
79:; also romanized as
27:Mesopotamian goddess
2547:, pp. 258–259.
2475:, pp. 105–106.
2319:, pp. 252–253.
2271:, pp. 285–286.
2211:, pp. 235–236.
2148:, pp. 139–140.
2017:, pp. 118–119.
1954:, pp. 104–105.
1673:, pp. 316–317.
1572:, pp. 313–314.
1369:, pp. 269–270.
1216:, pp. 324–325.
993:Outside Mesopotamia
818:ruler, most likely
586:Shagarakti-Shuriash
572:After the reign of
533:Paul-Alain Beaulieu
278:texts, such as the
110:Old Akkadian period
3687:. Abingdon, Oxon.
956:An inscription of
888:Other attestations
584:The Kassite kings
415:, another martial
362:, Ishtar, Anu and
323:
152:Wilfred G. Lambert
3694:978-1-315-65803-2
3685:The Elamite world
3628:978-1-64602-117-8
3596:978-90-04-54731-5
3577:978-1-5015-0526-3
3542:978-3-447-04456-1
3513:978-1-57506-830-5
3472:978-3-447-11368-7
3449:978-90-474-0823-9
3414:978-3-86835-031-9
3350:978-3-86835-019-7
3240:978-3-16-161383-8
3213:978-0-934718-98-1
3155:978-1-57506-080-4
3126:978-90-04-29413-4
3119:. Leiden: Brill.
3107:978-3-96327-140-3
3059:978-1-4426-5706-9
3032:978-1-4426-5857-8
3005:978-1-4426-7803-3
2896:978-90-04-13024-1
2793:978-3-7278-1738-0
2769:978-1-61451-236-3
2415:, pp. 68–69.
1870:, pp. 33–34.
1721:, pp. 40–41.
1075:maškim-edin-na-ke
1056:Manfred Krebernik
1010:Sukkalmah dynasty
939:Isin-Larsa period
743:Epic of Zimri-Lim
721:, Belet Ekallim,
687:Achaemenid period
685:Sources from the
657:Nebuchadnezzar II
629:Tiglath-pileser I
623:Late attestations
267:Inanna of Zabalam
194:epithet of Ishtar
70:
69:
57:Major cult center
16:(Redirected from
3752:
3720:
3714:
3706:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3632:
3612:
3600:
3581:
3554:
3525:
3498:
3492:
3484:
3453:
3426:
3395:
3362:
3333:
3307:
3282:
3253:
3244:
3225:. Mohr Siebeck.
3217:
3194:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3138:
3111:
3092:
3063:
3036:
3009:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2908:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2826:
2797:
2785:
2773:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2714:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2654:
2648:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2377:Sallaberger 2021
2374:
2368:
2365:Sallaberger 2021
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1442:
1436:
1421:
1415:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1319:
1313:
1302:
1296:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1232:
1226:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1188:
1182:
1163:
1157:
1148:
1142:
1118:
1115:
1064:
967:Itur-Shamash of
840:Nabu-apla-iddina
772:kingdom of Khana
770:Later on in the
669:
547:Sargonic dynasty
478:tutelary goddess
385:
215:
207:
202:Shar-Kali-Sharri
78:
49:
30:
21:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3707:
3695:
3682:
3674:
3672:
3654:10.2307/4200552
3635:
3629:
3610:
3603:
3597:
3584:
3578:
3557:
3543:
3528:
3514:
3501:
3485:
3473:
3456:
3450:
3429:
3415:
3398:
3365:
3351:
3336:
3285:
3256:
3247:
3241:
3220:
3214:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3168:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3141:
3127:
3114:
3108:
3095:
3081:
3066:
3060:
3039:
3033:
3012:
3006:
2985:
2978:
2976:
2966:
2958:
2956:
2930:10.2307/1360026
2911:
2897:
2884:
2876:
2874:
2848:10.2307/1359817
2829:
2800:
2794:
2783:
2776:
2770:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2739:
2735:
2727:
2723:
2715:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2676:
2672:
2664:
2657:
2649:
2642:
2634:
2630:
2622:
2611:
2603:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2579:
2575:
2567:
2563:
2555:
2551:
2543:
2539:
2531:
2527:
2519:
2515:
2507:
2503:
2495:
2491:
2483:
2479:
2471:
2467:
2459:
2455:
2447:
2443:
2435:
2431:
2425:Westenholz 2004
2423:
2419:
2411:
2407:
2399:
2395:
2387:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2359:
2351:
2347:
2339:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2255:
2251:
2243:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2219:
2215:
2207:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2152:
2144:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2120:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2096:
2087:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2060:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2033:
2025:
2021:
2013:
2009:
2001:
1997:
1989:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1962:
1958:
1950:
1946:
1938:
1934:
1926:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1878:
1874:
1866:
1862:
1854:
1845:
1837:
1833:
1825:
1821:
1813:
1809:
1801:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1777:
1773:
1765:
1761:
1753:
1749:
1741:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1515:
1511:
1503:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1479:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1445:
1437:
1424:
1416:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1389:
1385:
1377:
1373:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1329:
1322:
1314:
1305:
1297:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1235:
1227:
1220:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1191:
1183:
1166:
1158:
1151:
1143:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1078:
1058:
1052:
1031:
1026:
995:
895:
890:
872:Seleucid period
814:Mār-Ištar to a
780:
725:, Shamash, Ea,
707:
663:
625:
617:
606:
582:
524:
519:
474:
469:
379:
372:
291:
190:
150:, romanized by
108:texts from the
104:As attested in
102:
52:
40:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3758:
3756:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3693:
3680:
3633:
3627:
3601:
3595:
3582:
3576:
3555:
3541:
3526:
3512:
3499:
3471:
3454:
3448:
3427:
3413:
3396:
3384:10.1086/674706
3363:
3349:
3334:
3283:
3254:
3245:
3239:
3218:
3212:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3166:
3154:
3139:
3125:
3112:
3106:
3093:
3079:
3064:
3058:
3037:
3031:
3010:
3004:
2983:
2964:
2909:
2895:
2882:
2827:
2809:(1): 113–128.
2798:
2792:
2774:
2768:
2762:. De Gruyter.
2754:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:, p. 619.
2733:
2731:, p. 252.
2721:
2719:, p. 237.
2706:
2704:, p. 247.
2694:
2692:, p. 238.
2682:
2680:, p. 244.
2670:
2668:, p. 251.
2655:
2653:, p. 235.
2640:
2638:, p. 273.
2628:
2626:, p. 620.
2609:
2607:, p. 154.
2597:
2595:, p. 484.
2585:
2583:, p. 453.
2573:
2571:, p. 259.
2561:
2559:, p. 674.
2549:
2537:
2535:, p. 163.
2525:
2513:
2501:
2489:
2487:, p. 151.
2477:
2465:
2463:, p. 124.
2453:
2451:, p. 139.
2441:
2439:, p. 139.
2429:
2417:
2405:
2403:, p. 179.
2393:
2391:, p. 198.
2381:
2379:, p. 362.
2369:
2367:, p. 368.
2357:
2355:, p. 409.
2345:
2343:, p. 331.
2333:
2331:, p. 330.
2321:
2309:
2307:, p. 252.
2297:
2295:, p. 248.
2285:
2273:
2261:
2259:, p. 261.
2249:
2247:, p. 318.
2237:
2235:, p. 373.
2225:
2223:, p. 251.
2213:
2201:
2199:, p. 130.
2189:
2187:, p. 357.
2177:
2175:, p. 367.
2165:
2163:, p. 356.
2150:
2138:
2136:, p. 118.
2126:
2124:, p. 337.
2114:
2112:, p. 323.
2102:
2100:, p. 194.
2085:
2083:, p. 300.
2073:
2058:
2056:, p. 189.
2046:
2044:, p. 138.
2031:
2029:, p. 119.
2019:
2007:
2005:, p. 113.
1995:
1993:, p. 125.
1980:
1968:
1966:, p. 105.
1956:
1944:
1942:, p. 103.
1932:
1930:, p. 262.
1920:
1908:
1896:
1884:
1872:
1860:
1858:, p. 124.
1843:
1831:
1819:
1817:, p. 255.
1807:
1805:, p. 254.
1795:
1783:
1771:
1769:, p. 286.
1759:
1757:, p. 251.
1747:
1745:, p. 324.
1735:
1723:
1711:
1709:, p. 161.
1699:
1697:, p. 194.
1687:
1685:, p. 630.
1675:
1663:
1661:, p. 236.
1651:
1649:, p. 237.
1639:
1637:, p. 260.
1627:
1625:, p. 261.
1615:
1613:, p. 273.
1598:
1596:, p. 137.
1586:
1584:, p. 136.
1574:
1562:
1560:, p. 314.
1550:
1548:, p. 313.
1533:
1531:, p. 256.
1521:
1509:
1507:, p. 182.
1497:
1495:, p. 271.
1485:
1483:, p. 269.
1470:
1468:, p. 260.
1458:
1456:, p. 261.
1443:
1441:, p. 272.
1422:
1420:, p. 150.
1407:
1395:
1383:
1371:
1359:
1357:, p. 269.
1347:
1335:
1333:, p. 176.
1320:
1318:, p. 264.
1303:
1301:, p. 192.
1288:
1276:
1274:, p. 325.
1264:
1262:, p. 133.
1252:
1233:
1231:, p. 271.
1218:
1206:
1204:, p. 115.
1189:
1187:, p. 193.
1164:
1149:
1147:, p. 311.
1129:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1076:
1051:
1048:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
994:
991:
894:
891:
889:
886:
779:
776:
706:
703:
624:
621:
615:
604:
581:
580:Kassite period
578:
529:Sippar-Amnanum
523:
520:
518:
515:
491:Transtigridian
473:
470:
468:
465:
395:Neo-Babylonian
371:
368:
290:
287:
189:
186:
136:Kassite period
101:
98:
68:
67:
65:Sippar-Amnanum
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
39:Goddess of war
38:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3757:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3740:War goddesses
3738:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3718:
3712:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3686:
3681:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
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3341:
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3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3205:
3196:
3192:
3190:9789004364936
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3167:
3157:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3099:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3080:0-931464-80-3
3076:
3072:
3071:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2955:
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2902:
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2771:
2765:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2742:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2526:
2523:, p. 40.
2522:
2517:
2514:
2511:, p. 38.
2510:
2505:
2502:
2499:, p. 52.
2498:
2497:Peterson 2009
2493:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2430:
2427:, p. 11.
2426:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2401:Beaulieu 2003
2397:
2394:
2390:
2389:Beaulieu 2003
2385:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2353:Schwemer 2001
2349:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2317:Sharlach 2017
2313:
2310:
2306:
2305:Sharlach 2017
2301:
2298:
2294:
2293:Sharlach 2017
2289:
2286:
2283:, p. 69.
2282:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2245:Schwemer 2001
2241:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2074:
2071:, p. 64.
2070:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1978:, p. 42.
1977:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1921:
1918:, p. 93.
1917:
1912:
1909:
1906:, p. 39.
1905:
1900:
1897:
1894:, p. 93.
1893:
1888:
1885:
1882:, p. 34.
1881:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1841:, p. 90.
1840:
1839:Beaulieu 1995
1835:
1832:
1829:, p. 10.
1828:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1796:
1793:, p. 74.
1792:
1787:
1784:
1781:, p. 69.
1780:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1733:, p. 20.
1732:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1623:Sharlach 2017
1619:
1616:
1612:
1611:Sharlach 2017
1607:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1519:, p. 96.
1518:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1439:Sharlach 2017
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1367:Sharlach 2017
1363:
1360:
1356:
1355:Sharlach 2017
1351:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1286:, p. 71.
1285:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1250:, p. 62.
1249:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1229:Sharlach 2017
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1162:, p. 33.
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1145:Beaulieu 2003
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1114:
1111:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1057:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1002:
1000:
992:
990:
988:
983:
981:
977:
972:
970:
965:
963:
959:
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
931:
929:
924:
921:
920:
915:
911:
906:
904:
900:
892:
887:
885:
883:
879:
878:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
777:
775:
773:
768:
766:
762:
757:
753:
752:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
704:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
681:
675:
673:
667:
662:
658:
654:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
630:
622:
620:
618:
611:
607:
600:
594:
591:
587:
579:
577:
575:
570:
568:
564:
560:
555:
553:
548:
542:
539:
534:
530:
521:
516:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
494:
492:
488:
484:
479:
471:
466:
464:
462:
458:
457:
452:
449:
444:
442:
438:
437:Belet Ekallim
434:
429:
427:
423:
418:
414:
409:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
378:
369:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
352:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
331:constellation
328:
319:
315:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:cylinder seal
296:
288:
286:
284:
281:
277:
273:
268:
264:
263:umbrella term
260:
256:
252:
248:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
219:Ur III period
211:
203:
199:
195:
187:
185:
183:
179:
175:
172:
168:
164:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
128:
123:
122:determinative
119:
115:
111:
107:
99:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
74:
66:
62:
59:
55:
48:
43:
36:
31:
19:
3684:
3673:. Retrieved
3645:
3641:
3606:
3586:
3559:
3531:
3503:
3462:
3431:
3404:
3375:
3371:
3339:
3295:
3291:
3262:
3249:
3222:
3199:
3171:
3159:. Retrieved
3144:
3116:
3097:
3069:
3041:
3014:
2987:
2977:, retrieved
2972:
2957:. Retrieved
2921:
2917:
2886:
2875:. Retrieved
2839:
2835:
2806:
2802:
2779:
2759:
2751:Bibliography
2736:
2724:
2697:
2685:
2673:
2631:
2600:
2588:
2576:
2564:
2552:
2540:
2528:
2516:
2504:
2492:
2480:
2468:
2456:
2444:
2432:
2420:
2408:
2396:
2384:
2372:
2360:
2348:
2336:
2324:
2312:
2300:
2288:
2276:
2264:
2252:
2240:
2228:
2216:
2204:
2192:
2180:
2168:
2141:
2129:
2117:
2105:
2076:
2049:
2022:
2010:
1998:
1971:
1959:
1947:
1935:
1923:
1911:
1899:
1887:
1875:
1863:
1834:
1822:
1810:
1798:
1786:
1774:
1762:
1750:
1743:Lambert 1989
1738:
1726:
1714:
1702:
1690:
1678:
1666:
1654:
1642:
1635:Heimpel 2003
1630:
1618:
1594:Hätinen 2021
1589:
1582:Hätinen 2021
1577:
1570:Hätinen 2021
1565:
1558:Hätinen 2021
1553:
1546:Hätinen 2021
1529:Hätinen 2021
1524:
1512:
1505:Hätinen 2021
1500:
1488:
1461:
1405:, p. 5.
1403:Beckman 1998
1398:
1393:, p. 4.
1391:Beckman 1998
1386:
1381:, p. 3.
1379:Beckman 1998
1374:
1362:
1350:
1345:, p. 9.
1338:
1279:
1272:Lambert 1989
1267:
1255:
1214:Lambert 1989
1209:
1113:
1099:Old Assyrian
1090:
1081:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1053:
1036:
1032:
1003:
996:
984:
973:
966:
961:
955:
947:Damiq-ilishu
932:
925:
917:
907:
896:
875:
867:
856:Bēlet-balāṭi
843:
816:Neo-Assyrian
812:
799:
791:
787:
783:
781:
769:
764:
749:
747:
742:
708:
698:
684:
679:
676:
653:Nabopolassar
650:
626:
614:u a-nu-ni-tu
613:
609:
602:
598:
595:
583:
571:
558:
556:
543:
525:
495:
475:
454:
450:
445:
430:
422:Shulgi-simti
410:
407:
403:gibbous moon
391:Neo-Assyrian
373:
349:
347:
343:astral deity
338:
324:
292:
272:Gary Beckman
243:
191:
162:
160:
156:romanization
147:
139:
132:an-nu-ni-tum
131:
125:
114:an-nu-ni-tum
113:
103:
80:
72:
71:
2975:(in German)
2729:Nakata 1995
2717:Nakata 1995
2702:Nakata 1995
2690:Nakata 1995
2678:Nakata 1995
2666:Nakata 1995
2651:Nakata 1995
2581:Frayne 1997
2557:Frayne 1990
2533:George 1993
2521:Frayne 1990
2509:Frayne 1990
2485:George 1993
2461:George 1993
2449:George 1993
2437:Frayne 1993
2341:Frayne 1997
2329:Frayne 1997
2281:Podany 2014
2269:Sasson 2015
2257:Sasson 2015
2221:Sasson 2015
2209:Sasson 2015
2197:Nakata 2011
1719:George 1993
1707:George 1993
1671:Reiner 2006
1659:Sasson 2015
1647:Sasson 2015
1086:Lugaldukuga
1059: [
1012:written in
958:Ishme-Dagan
842:mentions a
828:Uṣur-amāssu
778:Ur and Uruk
672:Neriglissar
664: [
634:Sennacherib
590:Kurigalzu I
574:Ammi-Saduqa
451:a-nu-ni-tum
380: [
144:Meli-Shipak
140:a-nu-ni-tum
3729:Categories
3703:1022561448
3675:2022-04-10
3481:1255365039
3161:2022-04-10
3100:. Zaphon.
2979:2024-05-01
2959:2022-04-10
2877:2022-04-10
2605:Zadok 2018
2593:Potts 2010
2185:Myers 2002
2173:Myers 2002
2161:Myers 2002
2122:Myers 2002
2110:Myers 2002
2098:Allen 2015
2081:Myers 2002
2054:Myers 2002
1976:Myers 2002
1964:Myers 2002
1952:Myers 2002
1940:Myers 2002
1904:Myers 2002
1892:Myers 2002
1880:Myers 2002
1868:Myers 2002
1803:Myers 2002
1517:Myers 2002
1343:Allen 2015
1331:Allen 2015
1299:Allen 2015
1185:Allen 2015
1160:Myers 2002
1125:References
852:Aḫlamayītu
820:Esarhaddon
735:Bēlet-biri
599:sipa še-ga
538:theophoric
507:Zarpanitum
489:basin and
417:hypostasis
167:skirmisher
3711:cite book
3662:0021-0889
3522:907931488
3489:cite book
3423:618338811
3392:0022-2968
3359:460044951
3330:194094468
3314:0373-6032
3279:1884-1392
3175:. Brill.
3135:944920350
2954:163362140
2938:0022-0256
2872:163774149
2856:0022-0256
2823:0022-0256
2413:Krul 2018
1779:Krul 2018
1082:An = Anum
980:Ninshubur
864:Kanisurra
860:Kurunnītu
832:Kurunnītu
800:gìr-sè-ga
727:Ninhursag
711:Zimri-Lim
646:Babylonia
567:Hammurabi
503:Ninsianna
463:instead.
456:An = Anum
413:Ulmašītum
295:Nabonidus
210:Naram-Sin
130:). While
106:cuneiform
73:Annunitum
33:Annunitum
3551:48145544
3322:42580244
3089:27813103
2905:51944564
1071:an-nu-nu
1014:Akkadian
962:amalūtum
788:kaš-dé-a
765:muḫḫûtum
761:ecstatic
715:Itūr-Mēr
661:E-babbar
610:mi-gi-ir
559:kalamāḫu
483:Khorsbad
387:cylinder
311:addorsed
255:Arbilītu
251:Urkayītu
171:theonyms
83:) was a
77:𒀭𒉡𒉌𒌈
3670:4200552
2946:1360026
2864:1359817
1006:Elamite
999:Karaḫar
987:Nineveh
976:Malgium
969:Kisurra
914:Babylon
808:Allatum
804:Shuwala
796:Shu-Sin
784:nabrium
751:qadištu
699:maḫḫuru
680:lubuštu
642:Gutians
638:Arrapḫa
467:Worship
377:Eḫulḫul
360:Shamash
351:kudurru
307:trident
280:Hurrian
276:Hittite
235:temples
148:a-nu-na
81:Anunītu
18:Anunitu
3745:Inanna
3701:
3691:
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3252:(PhD).
3237:
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3187:
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2969:"Nūnu"
2952:
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899:Rimush
882:Kilili
868:bēlētu
836:IGI.DU
824:Nanaya
792:elūnum
756:Shibtu
723:Nergal
695:Darius
552:Sabium
517:Sippar
487:Diyala
461:Birtum
448:SUKKAL
441:Dumuzi
339:ikribu
335:Pisces
283:Šauška
259:Shulgi
247:Dīrītu
239:Sippar
223:Nippur
188:Origin
182:Anunna
127:dingir
89:Ishtar
3666:JSTOR
3611:(PDF)
3326:S2CID
3318:JSTOR
2950:S2CID
2942:JSTOR
2868:S2CID
2860:JSTOR
2784:(PDF)
1105:Notes
1067:nu-nu
1063:]
1044:Kakka
928:Eresh
910:Ilaba
903:Assur
877:akītu
848:Eanna
844:šangû
739:Terqa
719:Dagan
691:Cyrus
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536:as a
472:Akkad
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364:Enlil
198:Akkad
93:Akkad
61:Akkad
3717:link
3699:OCLC
3689:ISBN
3658:ISSN
3642:Iraq
3623:ISBN
3591:ISBN
3572:ISBN
3547:OCLC
3537:ISBN
3518:OCLC
3508:ISBN
3495:link
3477:OCLC
3467:ISBN
3444:ISBN
3419:OCLC
3409:ISBN
3388:ISSN
3355:OCLC
3345:ISBN
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3208:ISBN
3185:ISBN
3150:ISBN
3131:OCLC
3121:ISBN
3102:ISBN
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3075:ISBN
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3027:ISBN
3000:ISBN
2934:ISSN
2901:OCLC
2891:ISBN
2852:ISSN
2819:ISSN
2788:ISBN
2764:ISBN
1094:Kish
1050:Nunu
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1040:Admu
1029:Annu
1018:Susa
951:Isin
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862:and
834:and
806:and
731:Addu
729:and
705:Mari
693:and
655:and
612:UTU
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433:Mari
253:and
231:Uruk
229:and
180:and
178:Antu
100:Name
3650:doi
3615:doi
3564:doi
3436:doi
3380:doi
3300:doi
3296:105
3267:doi
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3177:doi
3046:doi
3019:doi
2992:doi
2926:doi
2844:doi
2811:doi
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