33:
58:
1059:
445:
directly into the soil, they should be attached to a piece of rock or driftwood, as they are more likely to grow and thrive when the rhizome and roots are left exposed instead of buried. It is also possible to propagate
361:. They primarily grow in rivers and streams, but can also be found in marshes. They are characterized by broad, thick, dark leaves that come in many different forms. The genus was revised in 1979 and since then its
453:
The natural growth rate of all species in this genus is rather slow. Usually, they produce a leaf every 3 weeks, or even slower. And while they were once thought to be among the few plants that do not respond to
481:
Engler. Their leaf-stems can grow up to 83 cm, with leaves 40 cm long and 14 cm broad with lateral lobes up to 28 cm long and 10 cm broad. The smallest representative is
412:
generally prefer subdued lighting and can also produce flowers underwater. In the aquarium they should be placed in shaded areas, otherwise algae will develop on the leaves.
1479:
1600:
1505:
1232:
1174:
1427:
418:
are considered by many aquarists some of the easiest plants to maintain, since their light and nutrient requirements are very low and also because
1492:
1440:
1595:
1276:
679:
569:
234:
212:
246:
1466:
1497:
948:
Leaves: triangular heart-shaped, 12 cm long, 4–10 cm wide, lateral lobes up to 7 cm long and 3 cm wide
632:
223:
441:
must always be above the substrate in order to survive, otherwise it will rot and the plant dies. Rather than planting
1375:
876:
Leaves: up to 30 cm long and 14 cm wide, with large lateral lobes up to 28 cm long and 10 cm broad
727:
252:
1531:
1510:
786:
483:
263:
57:
1610:
1605:
1590:
1536:
374:
165:
32:
1318:
1031:
Leaves: up to 33 cm long and 14 cm wide, lateral lobes up to 26 cm long and 8 cm broad
487:(Engler) Crusio, with a height up to 10 cm and with leaves up to 6 cm long and 3 cm broad.
362:
1380:
473:
Schott, which is polymorphic and subdivided into several varieties. The largest members of the genus are
437:
Reproduction in artificial environments can be accomplished by stolon division or from side shoots. The
1401:
1071:
1063:
334:
305:
1445:
1557:
976:
322:
298:
52:
900:
Leaves: arrow-shaped, 25 cm long, 12 – 13 cm wide, lateral lobes up to 13 cm long
1518:
1484:
1388:
1272:
1147:
312:
1268:
1585:
1523:
1260:
1241:
928:
884:
841:
291:
284:
277:
556:
506:
400:
379:
350:
206:
199:
95:
369:. Because of the often shady places where the plants grow, the genus was named after the
82:
1058:
1579:
1356:
1169:
366:
108:
1562:
1393:
1261:
384:
173:
1367:
365:
has been stable. Species can be determined by using mostly characteristics of the
1453:
1350:
1301:
118:
1118:
Leaves: 38 cm long, 13 cm wide, sometimes with very short basal lobes
1197:
148:
1341:
1414:
419:
1549:
1544:
1335:
494:
431:
405:
138:
493:
can be grown emersed (above water). For this reason they may be used in
1432:
1245:
427:
426:
are some of the few plants which can be used in aquariums with
African
354:
128:
1458:
438:
373:, the god of the afterlife. The genus was first described in 1857 by
370:
358:
1312:
408:, usually attached to rocks or bogwood. In contrast to most plants,
1202:"A revision of Anubias Schott (Araceae). (Primitiae Africanae XII)"
1419:
1057:
69:
1471:
1316:
1406:
1201:
460:
hobbyists have seen great results and improved growth with CO
758:
Leaves: spear-shaped, up to 21 cm long, 9 cm wide
422:
fish will not eat it (with a few exceptions). This is why
938:
Whether this is a separate species or another variety of
604:
Leaves: up to 18 cm long, up to 3.5 cm wide
469:
The most commonly available species of this genus is
1267:. Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing Company. pp.
894:
Initially heart-shaped, later with long rear fringes
1325:
1159:Leaves: up to 29 cm long and 14 cm broad
1230:Schott, H. (December 1857). "Aroideen Skizzen".
813:Leaves: up to 6 cm long and 3 cm wide
528:Leaves: 13–35 cm long, 3–13 cm broad
699:Leaves: 10–23 cm long, 5–14 cm wide
8:
651:Leaves: 7–23 cm long, 4–11 cm wide
1313:
1206:Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen
722:Usual growth rate: one leaf every 2 months
674:Usual growth rate: one leaf every 3 months
627:Usual growth rate: one leaf every 2 months
551:Usual growth rate: one leaf every 2 months
31:
20:
1290:
1288:
1175:List of freshwater aquarium plant species
807:Dwarf, creeping, with heart-shaped leaves
357:, native to tropical central and western
1233:Österreichisches Botanisches Wochenblatt
1192:
1190:
1141:Usual growth rate: 2 - 4 leaves per year
1054:Usual growth rate: 2 - 6 leaves per year
971:Usual growth rate: 2 - 6 leaves per year
923:Usual growth rate: 2 - 6 leaves per year
781:Usual growth rate: 4 - 8 leaves per year
1186:
836:Usual growth rate: one leaf every month
349:is a genus of aquatic and semi-aquatic
1112:Very large species, for tall aquariums
1601:Flora of West-Central Tropical Africa
7:
1051:Position in aquarium: middle to back
968:Position in aquarium: middle to back
719:Position in aquarium: middle to back
548:Position in aquarium: middle to back
398:, most notably the varying forms of
1121:Height in aquarium: 25 – 60 cm
1034:Height in aquarium: 30 – 50 cm
951:Height in aquarium: 20 – 30 cm
903:Height in aquarium: 25 – 40 cm
761:Height in aquarium: 30 – 50 cm
654:Height in aquarium: 25 – 45 cm
607:Height in aquarium: 10 – 15 cm
531:Height in aquarium: 25 – 30 cm
1305:(in German). Sonderheft (1): 1–44.
816:Height in aquarium: 5 – 10 cm
702:Height in aquarium: 7 – 30 cm
522:Characteristics: plant with stolon
14:
1115:Leaf-stem: up to 66 cm long
1028:Leaf-stem: up to 67 cm long
873:Leaf-stem: up to 83 cm long
755:Leaf-stem: up to 35 cm long
247:Anubias barteri var. coffeefolia
56:
1295:Crusio WE (1987). "Die Gattung
810:Leaf-stem: up to 5 cm long
1537:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2697-1
1:
1596:Flora of West Tropical Africa
645:Compact, heart-shaped anubias
545:Water hardness: 2 dGH - 6 dGH
1259:Christel Kasselmann (2002).
1129:Temperature: 24 - 27 °C
1042:Temperature: 22 - 27 °C
959:Temperature: 24 - 27 °C
911:Temperature: 22 - 27 °C
824:Temperature: 22 - 27 °C
769:Temperature: 22 - 27 °C
752:Narrow-leafed, large anubias
710:Temperature: 20 - 27 °C
662:Temperature: 20 - 27 °C
624:Position in aquarium: middle
615:Temperature: 20 - 27 °C
539:Temperature: 22 - 28 °C
516:Narrow-leafed, medium-sized
477:Chevalier ex Hutchinson and
1156:Leaf-stem: up to 45 cm
1048:Water hardness: < 20 dGH
945:Leaf-stem: up to 33 cm
897:Leaf-stem: up to 40 cm
833:Position in aquarium: front
775:Water hardness: < 20 dGH
716:Water hardness: < 20 dGH
696:Leaf-stem: up to 54 cm
668:Water hardness: < 20 dGH
648:Leaf-stem: up to 23 cm
601:Leaf-stem: up to 32 cm
525:Leaf-stem: up to 20 cm
1627:
1138:Position in aquarium: back
1135:Water hardness: 5 - 12 dGH
965:Water hardness: 5 - 12 dGH
920:Position in aquarium: back
917:Water hardness: 4 - 10 dGH
830:Water hardness: 3 - 10 dGH
778:Position in aquarium: back
671:Position in aquarium: back
621:Water hardness: < 8 dGH
594:Narrow leaves, similar to
1025:Leaves: long heart-shaped
870:Large arrow-shaped leaves
484:Anubias barteri var. nana
328:
321:
195:
190:
179:
172:
53:Scientific classification
51:
39:
30:
23:
16:Genus of flowering plants
888:De Wildeman & Durand
879:Seldom used in aquariums
464:and high light intensity
47:on a bogwood (top view)
1236:(in German and Latin).
932:Chevalier ex Hutchinson
845:Chevalier ex Hutchinson
404:, are commonly used in
375:Heinrich Wilhelm Schott
1067:
1008:Anubias haullevilleana
1061:
1004:Amauriella auriculata
988:Amauriella hastifolia
501:Species and varieties
391:Reproduction and uses
1125:Optimal conditions:
1073:Anubias heterophylla
1064:Anubias heterophylla
1038:Optimal conditions:
1016:Amauriella obanensis
955:Optimal conditions:
907:Optimal conditions:
820:Optimal conditions:
765:Optimal conditions:
706:Optimal conditions:
693:Heart-shaped anubias
658:Optimal conditions:
611:Optimal conditions:
535:Optimal conditions:
479:Anubias heterophylla
306:Anubias heterophylla
1299:SCHOTT (Araceae)".
1020:Amauriella talbotii
371:Egyptian god Anubis
1246:10.1007/BF02071618
1068:
1000:Anubias auriculata
992:Anubias hastifolia
978:Anubias hastifolia
861:Anubias hastifolia
743:Anubias lanceolata
598:, but much smaller
585:Anubias lanceolata
565:Common varieties:
299:Anubias hastifolia
1573:
1572:
1519:Open Tree of Life
1319:Taxon identifiers
1148:Anubias pynaertii
1103:Anubias bequaerti
1087:Anubias congensis
1083:Anubias congensis
1012:Anubias laurentii
1006:(Engler) Hepper,
990:(Engler) Hepper,
342:
341:
337:
313:Anubias pynaertii
168:
1618:
1566:
1565:
1553:
1552:
1540:
1539:
1527:
1526:
1514:
1513:
1501:
1500:
1488:
1487:
1475:
1474:
1462:
1461:
1449:
1448:
1436:
1435:
1423:
1422:
1410:
1409:
1397:
1396:
1384:
1383:
1371:
1370:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1314:
1307:
1306:
1292:
1283:
1282:
1266:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1194:
1107:Anubias undulata
930:Anubias gracilis
886:Anubias gilletii
853:Anubias gigantea
843:Anubias gigantea
475:Anubias gigantea
465:
351:flowering plants
333:
292:Anubias gracilis
285:Anubias gilletii
278:Anubias gigantea
164:
61:
60:
35:
21:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1611:Aquarium plants
1606:Flora of Angola
1576:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1561:
1556:
1548:
1543:
1535:
1530:
1522:
1517:
1509:
1504:
1496:
1491:
1483:
1478:
1470:
1465:
1457:
1452:
1444:
1439:
1431:
1426:
1418:
1413:
1405:
1400:
1392:
1387:
1379:
1374:
1366:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1321:
1311:
1310:
1294:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1263:Aquarium Plants
1258:
1257:
1253:
1240:(50): 398–399.
1229:
1228:
1224:
1215:
1213:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1183:
1166:
1099:Anubias engleri
1095:Anubias affinis
940:Anubias barteri
794:(Engler) Crusio
788:Anubias barteri
729:Anubias barteri
681:Anubias barteri
634:Anubias barteri
577:(Engler) Crusio
571:Anubias barteri
558:Anubias barteri
508:Anubias afzelii
503:
471:Anubias barteri
463:
459:
457:
393:
265:Anubias barteri
254:Anubias barteri
236:Anubias barteri
225:Anubias barteri
214:Anubias barteri
207:Anubias barteri
200:Anubias afzelii
186:
183:
163:
55:
41:Anubias barteri
17:
12:
11:
5:
1624:
1622:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1591:Araceae genera
1588:
1578:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1563:wfo-4000002542
1554:
1541:
1528:
1515:
1502:
1489:
1476:
1463:
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1424:
1411:
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1385:
1372:
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1317:
1309:
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1277:
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1172:
1165:
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1161:
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1136:
1133:
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1123:
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1110:
1078:
1077:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1036:
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1026:
1023:
983:
982:
973:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
953:
952:
949:
946:
943:
935:
934:
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924:
921:
918:
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912:
905:
904:
901:
898:
895:
891:
890:
881:
880:
877:
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834:
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828:
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811:
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805:
797:
796:
783:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
763:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:Anubias minima
738:
737:
724:
723:
720:
717:
714:
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704:
703:
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690:
689:
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580:
579:
563:
562:
553:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
533:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
513:
512:
502:
499:
461:
455:
392:
389:
353:in the family
340:
339:
326:
325:
319:
318:
317:
316:
309:
302:
295:
288:
281:
274:
273:
272:
261:
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243:
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188:
187:
184:
177:
176:
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156:
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146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
99:
98:
93:
86:
85:
80:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
49:
48:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1623:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
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1507:
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1429:
1425:
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1416:
1412:
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1399:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1337:
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1330:
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1324:
1320:
1315:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1278:1-57524-091-2
1274:
1270:
1265:
1264:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1226:
1223:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1170:Aquatic plant
1168:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1132:pH: 5.5 - 8.0
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:De Wildeman,
1104:
1101:De Wildeman,
1100:
1097:De Wildeman,
1096:
1092:
1088:
1085:N. E. Brown,
1084:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1045:pH: 6.0 - 8.0
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1014:De Wildeman,
1013:
1010:De Wildeman,
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
984:
981:
979:
975:
974:
970:
967:
964:
962:pH: 6.0 - 8.0
961:
958:
957:
956:
950:
947:
944:
941:
937:
936:
933:
931:
927:
926:
922:
919:
916:
914:pH: 6.0 - 8.0
913:
910:
909:
908:
902:
899:
896:
893:
892:
889:
887:
883:
882:
878:
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866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
849:
846:
844:
840:
839:
835:
832:
829:
827:pH: 5.5 - 9.0
826:
823:
822:
821:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
799:
798:
795:
793:
789:
785:
784:
780:
777:
774:
772:pH: 5.5 - 8.0
771:
768:
767:
766:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:N. E. Brown,
744:
740:
739:
736:
734:
730:
726:
725:
721:
718:
715:
713:pH: 5.5 - 8.0
712:
709:
708:
707:
701:
698:
695:
692:
691:
688:
686:
682:
678:
677:
673:
670:
667:
665:pH: 5.5 - 9.0
664:
661:
660:
659:
653:
650:
647:
644:
643:
640:
639:
635:
631:
630:
626:
623:
620:
618:pH: 5.5 - 8.0
617:
614:
613:
612:
606:
603:
600:
597:
593:
590:
586:
582:
581:
578:
576:
572:
568:
567:
566:
561:
559:
555:
554:
550:
547:
544:
542:pH: 6.0 - 7.0
541:
538:
537:
536:
530:
527:
524:
521:
519:
515:
514:
511:
509:
505:
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367:inflorescence
364:
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83:Tracheophytes
81:
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68:
65:
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59:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1326:
1300:
1296:
1262:
1254:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1214:. Retrieved
1209:
1205:
1146:
1124:
1109:(trade name)
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1091:crassispadix
1090:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1062:
1037:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
977:
954:
939:
929:
906:
885:
864:
860:
856:
852:
842:
819:
802:Anubias nana
801:
791:
787:
764:
746:
742:
732:
728:
705:
685:caladiifolia
684:
680:
657:
637:
633:
610:
595:
589:angustifolia
588:
584:
575:angustifolia
574:
570:
564:
557:
534:
517:
507:
490:
489:
482:
478:
474:
470:
468:
452:
447:
442:
436:
423:
415:
414:
409:
399:
395:
394:
385:type species
378:
363:nomenclature
345:
344:
343:
330:
329:
311:
304:
297:
290:
283:
276:
268:
264:
257:
253:
245:
240:caladiifolia
239:
235:
228:
224:
218:angustifolia
217:
213:
205:
198:
180:
174:Type species
159:
158:
102:
89:
76:
44:
40:
24:
18:
1454:iNaturalist
1351:Wikispecies
1302:Aqua Planta
1151:De Wildeman
942:is doubtful
859:Chevalier,
735:N. E. Brown
495:paludariums
420:herbivorous
135:Subfamily:
119:Alismatales
96:Angiosperms
1580:Categories
1216:2010-12-26
1212:(14): 1–48
1198:Crusio, W.
1181:References
1081:Synonyms:
986:Synonyms:
857:tripartita
851:Synonyms:
749:Chevalier.
741:Synonyms:
458:addition,
432:goldfishes
401:A. barteri
380:A. afzelii
331:Amauriella
181:A. afzelii
149:Anubiadeae
996:sublobata
800:Synonym:
583:Synonym:
450:by seed.
406:aquariums
66:Kingdom:
1550:40016897
1545:Tropicos
1336:Wikidata
1200:(1979).
1164:See also
1093:Engler,
1018:Rendle,
1002:Engler,
998:Engler,
428:cichlids
323:Synonyms
191:Species
139:Aroideae
125:Family:
109:Monocots
1586:Anubias
1485:1244202
1433:2871870
1357:Anubias
1342:Q112429
1327:Anubias
1297:Anubias
865:robusta
638:barteri
596:afzelii
518:Anubias
491:Anubias
448:Anubias
443:Anubias
424:Anubias
416:Anubias
410:Anubias
396:Anubias
383:as its
377:, with
355:Araceae
346:Anubias
229:barteri
160:Anubias
155:Genus:
145:Tribe:
129:Araceae
115:Order:
70:Plantae
25:Anubias
1524:477183
1511:174191
1498:182588
1472:2697-1
1459:180052
1381:411404
1368:188202
1365:APDB:
1275:
1075:Engler
1022:Rendle
980:Engler
867:Engler
804:Engler
733:glabra
687:Engler
591:Engler
560:Schott
510:Schott
439:stolon
359:Africa
335:Rendle
258:glabra
185:Schott
166:Schott
1480:IRMNG
1420:1AUIG
1407:31864
1394:8VTZ7
1089:var.
994:var.
863:var.
855:var.
790:var.
731:var.
683:var.
636:var.
573:var.
267:var.
256:var.
238:var.
227:var.
216:var.
103:Clade
90:Clade
77:Clade
43:var.
1532:POWO
1506:NCBI
1493:ITIS
1467:IPNI
1441:GRIN
1428:GBIF
1415:EPPO
1376:BOLD
1273:ISBN
792:nana
430:and
269:nana
45:nana
1558:WFO
1446:800
1402:EoL
1389:CoL
1269:104
1242:doi
587:f.
1582::
1560::
1547::
1534::
1521::
1508::
1495::
1482::
1469::
1456::
1443::
1430::
1417::
1404::
1391::
1378::
1353::
1338::
1287:^
1271:.
1210:79
1208:.
1204:.
1189:^
497:.
466:.
454:CO
434:.
387:.
105::
92::
79::
1281:.
1248:.
1244::
1238:7
1219:.
462:2
456:2
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