178:(810-812). However, there was also another lineage, the earliest known representative of which was King Harald. This Harald may have reigned before Sigfred, although it has also been suggested that he had a brief reign in c. 800. Since some names recur in the two lineages, they were probably related to each other. One of Harald's grandsons or nephews, Hemming (mentioned in 812-813), has been plausibly identified with a Viking king in
29:
248:
in order to make peace and ask that the fourth brother
Hemming should be released. Apparently, Hemming had been left with the emperor as hostage, suggesting some kind of understanding with the Carolingian court. However, the five sons of Gudfred and their followers had sought refuge among the Swedes.
243:
the struggle cost no less than 10,940 men, making it exceptionally bloody for its time. Anulo as well as
Sigfred found their death in the bloodbath, which nevertheless ended with a victory for Anulo's party. His adherents enthroned his brothers Harald Klak and Ragnfred as co-rulers, and the defeated
238:
and
Hemming, which probably makes him the son of Halfdan of 807. In fact, the brothers represented a pro-Carolingian fraction against the House of Gudfred. As they could not agree on a solution, Anulo and Sigfred boded up followers and met in a cataclysmic battle in 812. According to the
166:. As an early dynastic state it was nevertheless fragile and subjected to competition between different royal lineages or branches. Rules of hereditary succession did not exist in this era. Frankish annals document the reigns of
249:
In the next year 813 they returned and expelled Harald and
Ragnfred. This was the beginning of a long period of rivalry between the Houses of Gudfred and Harald, a rivalry that often entailed Carolingian intervention.
198:
and
Hemming. This Halfdan, it has been suggested, could have been the Halfdan who was King Sigfred's envoy to the Franks in 782, and a chief of the same name who submitted to
150:
throne in 812. He represents the appearance of the House of Harald which competed with the House of
Gudfred for power in Denmark until c. 857 and possibly longer.
322:
263:
495:
226:) of King Harald. According to another interpretation of the Latin annal entry (Anulo nepos Herioldi, et ipsius regis), he was the nephew of Harald
214:, wished to succeed him but was immediately opposed by a prince called Anulo. His unusual name may be compared with the Swedish royal name
465:
334:
275:
meaning "ring") while
Sigfred was equated with the common medieval name Sigurd. Danish king lists and chronicles such as the
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120:
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and influenced Nordic historiography, directly or indirectly. The unusual name Anulo was misinterpreted as Hring (Latin
158:
An early Danish kingdom of some consequence existed in the 8th century, culminating with the warlike exploits of King
257:
The battle between
Sigfred and Anulo was briefly and somewhat incorrectly treated in the ecclesiastic chronicle of
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39:
147:
183:
427:
458:
175:
163:
89:
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186:(d. 837). Thus Harald may have been father or brother of another member of this dynasty called
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King
Hemming, nephew of Gudfred, died in 812 after a short reign. Another nephew of Gudfred,
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174:(c. 804-810) who might have been his son. The throne subsequently went to Gudfred's nephew
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who is thought to have been the father of a number of later kings and pretenders: Anulo,
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party found it necessary to accept this. The two kings immediately sent envoys to
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epic, and corresponds to Norse Áli (Ale). Anulo was the nephew or grandson (
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Henrik Schück (1895), "De senaste undersökningarna rörande ynglingasagan"
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293:, who in turn was conflated with Anulo's brother and successor Ragnfred.
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the former king, i.e. Hemming. His younger brothers were
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The nine books of the Danish history of Saxo
Grammaticus
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Historien om Hamburgstiftet och dess biskopar. Stockholm
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95:
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63:
53:
45:
38:
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289:, a king who sired the renowned Viking ruler
8:
447:
414:, Vol. I:1. Christiania: Tønsberg, p. 391.
349:, Vol. I:1. Christiania: Tønsberg, p. 391.
313:, Vol. I:1. Christiania: Tønsberg, p. 391.
267:(c. 1075). The work was widespread in the
27:
18:
264:Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum
401:. Proprius, p. 29 (Book I, Chapter 15).
387:Einhards Jahrbücher, Anno 812, p. 125-6
376:Einhards Jahrbücher, Anno 812, p. 125-6
302:
146:was a pretender-king who vied for the
439:Undersøgelser til nordisk oldhistorie
363:Gjallar: Noormannen in de Lage Landen
7:
441:. Copenhagen: Schwartz's, p. 15-7.
285:(c. 1200) created the double name
14:
496:9th-century monarchs of Denmark
323:Peter Sawyer, "Kongefamilierne"
1:
512:
470:
463:
455:
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412:Det norske Folks Historie
347:Det norske Folks Historie
311:Det norske Folks Historie
33:Anulo as depicted in 1670
26:
359:Annales Regnum Francorum
397:Adam av Bremen (1984),
437:C.A.E. Jessen (1862),
154:The lineage of Harald
123:, a brother of Harald
49:812 (with opposition)
170:(c. 770-c. 804) and
410:P.A. Munch (1852),
345:P.A. Munch (1852),
309:P.A. Munch (1852),
253:Anulo becomes Hring
184:Hemming Halfdansson
423:Saxo Grammaticus,
164:Carolingian Empire
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471:Succeeded by
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40:King of the Danes
16:King of the Danes
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456:Preceded by
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283:Saxo Grammaticus
269:High Middle Ages
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466:King of Denmark
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241:Frankish annals
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111:House of Harald
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451:Regnal titles
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291:Ragnar Lodbrok
259:Adam of Bremen
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206:The 812 battle
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132:Norse paganism
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278:Gesta Danorum
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287:Sigurd Hring
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162:against the
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139:
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474:Harald Klak
246:Charlemagne
232:Harald Klak
200:Charlemagne
192:Harald Klak
87:8th century
68:Harald Klak
54:Predecessor
336:, note 81.
297:References
119:probably
64:Successor
490:Category
478:Ragnfred
236:Ragnfred
202:in 807.
196:Ragnfred
128:Religion
72:Ragnfred
459:Hemming
273:annulus
220:Beowulf
218:of the
212:Sigfred
188:Halfdan
176:Hemming
172:Gudfred
168:Sigfred
160:Gudfred
121:Halfdan
107:Dynasty
101:Denmark
90:Denmark
58:Hemming
180:Frisia
148:Danish
116:Father
224:nepos
216:Onela
140:Anulo
46:Reign
22:Anulo
476:and
96:Died
82:Born
70:and
361:in
281:of
228:and
144:Ale
142:or
99:812
85:Áli
492::
261:,
234:,
194:,
182:,
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