197:; each exhaust valve was controlled from below by a cam in the crankcase. Each was mounted in a cell to the side of the cylinder, with the automatic, atmospheric pressure-driven spring-loaded inlet valve immediately above it, partly to minimise volume and partly to help cool the hot exhaust valve. Most contemporary and pre-1921 sources agree that the bores of these early engines were between 100 and 105 mm (3.93 and 4.13 in), but strokes between 120 and 150 mm (4.72 and 5.90 in) are quoted. Most state the output of these engines at about 18 kW (24 hp) at around 1,400–1,600 rpm.
238:
40:
151:
484:
229:
production until at least 1913, though there were important improvements. The exhaust valve was moved to the cylinder head and operated by rockers via push rods, and a mixing chamber was arranged in the crankcase. The 1913 three-cylinder Anzani fan engine had a cylinder separation of 72°, presumably to lighten the counterbalance. By this stage it had its inlet manifold at the rear of the engine to minimise airflow cooling of the fuel air mixture.
201:
408:
248:
Anzani was aware of the weight cost of the counterweight in the fan configuration and by
December 1909 he had a symmetric 120° three-cylinder radial engine running. One example was a 3.1 litre (186 cu in) unit producing 22 kW (30 hp) at 1,300 rpm. Although termed the Y engine after
228:
Even before the channel flight, Anzani was selling more powerful versions with larger bores: a 120 mm bore, 4.4-litre (269 cu in) variant produced 26 kW (35 hp) and a 135 mm bore, 6.4-litre (390 cu in) engine gave 36 kW (45 hp). These fan engines remained in
188:
engines. The appeal of the fan configuration was that, because all the cylinder were above the horizontal there was little danger of the plugs being fouled by the lubricating oil. The disadvantage, particularly for an aircraft engine, was the extra weight required to counterbalance the pistons.
192:
In response to the growing interest in aviation in France after the Wright brothers' visit in 1908, Anzani produced the first of a series of three-cylinder fan flight engines. The cylinders were each a single iron casting and the one-piece crankcase was aluminium. Pistons were steel with cast
224:
describes the engine as having dimensions of 100 × 150 mm, or a capacity of 3.53 litres. However, a few months later they printed the engineering drawing of the 55° engine, which has dimensions of 103 x 120 mm marked on it, clearly captioned as "used ... in the cross-Channel
166:, making them light. His first designs were two-cylinder V-engines, and he rode machines powered by them to records and race success in 1905 and 1906. In the same period he had developed a three-cylinder version, more powerful than the twins. As the image shows, the engine fit neatly into the
249:
its symmetric cylinder arrangement, it ran in an inverted Y position so that the plugs, mounted on the upper in-plane side of the two lower cylinders were less than 30° below the horizontal and less prone to oiling than one serving a piston at 180° from upright.
252:
Radials are smoother running than the less symmetric fan engines as well as lower weight but with the low power available from their three cylinders they had limited applications. They led, however, to Anzani's two-row radial engines, beginning with the
439:. Its original "fan-type" Anzani three-cylinder engine is thought to be the oldest airworthy aircraft engine in the world. A 1910 Deperdussin monoplane that is also restricted to straight 'hops' uses a 'Y'-type Anzani engine.
470:
At the Museo
Nacional de Aeronáutica Argentina there is a three-cylinder Anzani semiradial in working order installed on a Bleriot 11. A Y three-cylinder engine is on display at the Engines hall at the same
193:
rings. In most of these the outer cylinders were at 60° to the central one, though a contemporary diagram shows one, described as the cross channel engine, with a 55° angle. They were all air-cooled
225:
flight". If their identification was right, then
Bleriot used a 3.00-litre engine. A head-on photograph of the cross-channel aircraft also shows a 55° engine.
988:
787:
635:
261:
bearing the French Blériot factory serial number 56 — said to be the oldest flyable aircraft in the
Western Hemisphere, bearing the American registration
1070:
849:
220:) on 25 July 1909. Contemporary sources differ on its bore, stroke and swept volume. The first description of the successful machine in
487:
Anzani inverted Y-type aero engine in a
Deperdussin (Shuttleworth Collection), and nearly identical to Old Rhinebeck's Bleriot XI engine
375:
163:
916:
830:
561:
Automatic inlet valves, mechanical exhaust valves driven from three separate cams in crankcase. One inlet, one exhaust per cylinder
1060:
981:
237:
974:
139:
755:
174:
type, or semi-radials; by about 1910 other manufacturers were building e.g. five-cylinder fan engines, most notably
447:
784:
639:
607:
339:
467:
The
Shuttleworth Collection also holds preserved examples of Anzani three-cylinder engines on static display.
1065:
436:
420:
175:
48:
901:
887:
873:
859:
390:
1039:
158:
Alessandro Anzani began building motorcycle engines in France around 1905. Unusually, his motors were
415:
The restored and flyable Blériot XI, with French Blériot factory serial number 56 and registry number
906:
892:
878:
864:
531:
365:
360:
269:
on summer and early autumn weekends with one of these 120° cylinder angle "Y-type" radial engines.
39:
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522:
217:
170:. Engines with cylinders arranged radially but only in the upper half-circle were termed
474:
Brooklands Museum, Weybridge, U.K. has an Anzani 3-cylinder fan engine on static display.
431:
and said to be only three weeks older than the Old
Rhinebeck example, is allowed to fly
200:
1054:
952:
Restored Anzani 3-cylinder "fan" engine runup, from the
Humgarian Vintage Glider Club
513:
423:
uses one of these Anzani three-cylinder "true radial" engines for its straight-line,
334:
242:
213:
135:
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103:
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396:
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951:
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497:: according to them, these specifications describe the Channel flight engine
455:
763:
595:
355:
179:
119:
966:
142:
in
England is thought to be the oldest airworthy engine in the world.
997:
451:
443:
349:
131:
81:
71:
962:
Old
Rhinebeck's Anzani-powered Blériot XI "hops" for a short flight
567:
Gronville and Arquembourg carburettor, mixing chamber in crankcase
482:
406:
236:
199:
149:
309:
5.32 in Ă— 5.92 in (135 mm Ă— 150 mm): 393 cu in (6.44 L)
303:
4.13 in Ă— 5.12 in (105 mm Ă— 130 mm): 206 cu in (3.38 L)
860:"The Blériot short span monoplane-the Channel flyer: the engine"
636:"Shuttleworth Collection - Bleriot XI Retrieved: 5 January 2012"
297:
3.35 in Ă— 3.94 in (85 mm Ă— 100 mm): 104 cu in (1.70 L)
291:
3.35 in Ă— 3.35 in (85 mm Ă— 85 mm): 88.5 cu in (1.45 L)
257:, two Ys on a common crankshaft. In the 21st century a restored
970:
154:
Alessandro Anzani in 1906, on his fan-type engined motorbike
411:
30 HP Anzani Y powered ANBO-I at Lithuanian Aviation Museum
756:"Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome - Pioneer Aircraft - Bleriot XI"
1007:
928:Hirschauer, Louis; Dollfus, Charles, eds. (1921).
446:aircraft it powered, since 1930s is displayed at
442:One Anzani Y-type radial engine, along with 1925
427:. Another Blériot XI, with British registration
693:
691:
678:
676:
663:
661:
659:
657:
982:
585:Battery ignition, one spark plug per cylinder
8:
319:Anzani 3-cylinder inverted Y radial engines
989:
975:
967:
762:. Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome. Archived from
630:
628:
27:1900s French piston aircraft engine range
708:
706:
208:An engine of this sort famously powered
730:
624:
204:Installed replica of an Anzani 3W Motor
29:
785:Shuttleworth Collection - Deperdussin
7:
825:. Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens.
134:three-cylinder engine that powers a
823:World Encyclopaedia of Aero Engines
284:Output power: boreĂ—stroke: capacity
267:is still flown in the United States
874:"Flight engines at the Paris show"
178:Three-cylinder fans were known as
25:
130:'s 1909 cross-channel flight. An
844:. Tonbridge, Kent: Air-Britain.
38:
931:L'Année Aéronautique: 1920-1921
376:Raab-Katzenstein RK.9 GrasmĂĽcke
947:Anzani 72° fan engine start-up
509:3-cylinder air-cooled fan-type
1:
1071:1900s aircraft piston engines
312:45–50 hp (34–38 kW)
306:40–45 hp (30–34 kW)
300:25–30 hp (19–23 kW)
288:10–12 hp (7.5–9 kW)
278:Anzani 3-cylinder fan engines
18:Anzani 3-cyl. Y (Radial) 30hp
957:Anzani Y-type replica starts
934:. Paris: Dunod. p. 115.
425:short distance "hop" flights
294:12–15 hp (9–11 kW)
915:Vivian, E. Charles (1920).
902:"Cross Channel Anniversary"
140:The Shuttleworth Collection
1087:
917:"A History of Aeronautics"
448:Lithuanian Aviation Museum
195:inlet-over-exhaust engines
882:: 691–2. 30 October 1909.
794:Retrieved: 5 January 2012
745:, 4 January 1913 pp. 20–1
46:
37:
32:
910:(18 December 1959): 755.
670:30 October 1909 pp.691–2
608:List of aircraft engines
340:Caproni-Pensuti triplane
115:built a number of three-
1061:Anzani aircraft engines
896:: 20–1. 4 January 1913.
536:3.53 litres (216 cu in)
501:General characteristics
437:Shuttleworth Collection
421:Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome
126:, one of which powered
49:Shuttleworth Collection
47:72° Anzani fan engine,
888:"Aeronautical Engines"
821:Gunston, Bill (1989).
488:
412:
245:
216:across La Manche (the
205:
155:
146:Design and development
700:, 31 July 1909 p. 456
685:30 October 1909 p.691
579:Air, ribbed cylinders
527:150 mm (5.90 in)
518:100 mm (3.94 in)
486:
410:
391:Stelmaszyk S.1 Bozena
240:
203:
153:
868:(31 July 1909): 456.
840:Sanger, Ray (2008).
433:similar short 'hops'
545:65 kg (143 lb)
111:From 1905 to 1915,
842:Bleriot in England
790:2013-12-24 at the
766:on January 8, 2014
712:Vivian Pt 4 Ch III
573:Splash lubrication
489:
462:Engines on display
413:
345:Deperdussin Type A
255:6-cylinder radials
246:
233:Radial (Y) engines
206:
156:
99:Major applications
33:Anzani 3-cylinder
1048:
1047:
851:978-0-85130-399-4
214:Type XI monoplane
113:Alessandro Anzani
109:
108:
92:Alessandro Anzani
16:(Redirected from
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991:
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968:
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919:. Archived from
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897:
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855:
836:
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806:18 December 1959
801:
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760:oldrhinebeck.org
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638:. Archived from
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371:Perry Beadle T.1
366:MĂĽller G.M.G. II
168:motorcycle frame
100:
68:
42:
30:
21:
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792:Wayback Machine
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733:, pp. 15–6
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577:Cooling system:
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352:(3.38 L engine)
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218:English Channel
148:
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67:National origin
66:
58:Three-cylinder
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1068:
1066:Radial engines
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1008:Piston engines
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1004:
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941:External links
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923:on 2011-10-07.
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479:Specifications
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642:on 2 May 2014
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602:Related lists
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210:Louis Blériot
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78:Manufacturer
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1001:aero engines
930:
921:the original
905:
891:
877:
863:
841:
822:
814:Bibliography
803:
799:
780:
768:. Retrieved
764:the original
759:
750:
742:
738:
731:Gunston 1989
726:
721:Sanger p.125
717:
697:
682:
667:
644:. Retrieved
640:the original
601:
600:
582:
576:
570:
565:Fuel system:
564:
555:
539:
532:Displacement
530:
521:
512:
506:
494:
491:
490:
441:
428:
416:
414:
386:Sikorsky S-2
381:Sikorsky S-1
329:Applications
283:
262:
251:
247:
227:
221:
207:
191:
184:
180:
171:
164:water-cooled
162:rather than
157:
138:operated by
110:
596:W-3 engines
571:Oil system:
397:Holland H.1
241:Anzani "Y"
120:fan engines
1055:Categories
1040:4 cylinder
770:January 7,
614:References
557:Valvetrain
550:Components
541:Dry weight
335:Blériot XI
324:40 hp
259:Bleriot XI
160:air-cooled
136:Blériot XI
104:Blériot XI
60:air-cooled
646:5 January
583:Ignition:
492:Data from
456:Lithuania
403:Survivors
88:Designer
788:Archived
590:See also
356:Dufaux 4
273:Variants
117:cylinder
435:at the
1035:Y-type
998:Anzani
907:Flight
893:Flight
879:Flight
865:Flight
848:
829:
804:Flight
743:Flight
698:Flight
683:Flight
668:Flight
523:Stroke
495:Flight
471:Museum
452:Kaunas
444:ANBO-I
429:G-AANG
417:N60094
350:ANBO-I
263:N60094
222:Flight
176:R.E.P.
132:Anzani
82:Anzani
72:France
619:Notes
507:Type:
55:Type
846:ISBN
827:ISBN
772:2014
648:2012
514:Bore
395:VIH
122:and
1030:W-3
450:in
419:at
212:'s
185:W-3
183:or
172:fan
1057::
1025:20
1020:10
904:.
890:.
876:.
862:.
758:.
705:^
690:^
675:^
656:^
627:^
458:.
454:,
265:—
1015:6
990:e
983:t
976:v
854:.
835:.
774:.
650:.
559::
543::
534::
525::
516::
181:W
20:)
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