519:
bee moth, the male will begin the next step in its courtship process which includes walking, wing fanning, and "courting songs" which are ultrasonic sounds emitted from the male's tegula. The female will then respond to the male by also walking, wing fanning, and emitting its own courtship pheromones. After the female assumes a copulation position, the male can proceed to mate. If the female is repeatedly unreceptive to the male's courtship, the male will revert to the first step of its courtship ritual and try again with another female. Other variables, such as female wing-beat sounds and substrate vibrations may also play a part in the courtship process.
355:
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553:. These ultrasonic emissions are not only emitted when in the presence of females, but also in the presence of other males as well. If a competing male is introduced into the territory of a bee moth that is in the process of courting, the resident is shown to approach and even attack the intruder. Eventually the two males will take up new positions and begin calling for females again.
254:
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Males begin the courtship process by silently fanning their wings in one second intervals followed by half a second of rest. At the same time the males will also release their sex pheromones which has a floral odor that triggers a flying or walking response in females. When a female approaches a male
342:
Females are attracted to the odors of active bumble bee nests and a female will lay up to 100 eggs once it finds a nest that it prefers. The defenses of host colonies tend to increase during the summer; therefore, emergence from the eggs will typically occur in the early summer between March and July
452:
If perturbed or threatened, an adult bee moth will fall to the ground and pretend to be dead by lying on its back in the exact form in which it landed. This is beneficial when infiltrating a host wasp or bumblebee nest as the host will be less likely to attack if it believes that the moth is dead.
484:
Male and female bee moths are both capable of releasing pheromones in order to attract the opposite sex. The females release a pheromone which contains Hexan-1-ol, 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-ol, and 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one. The two compounds hexan-1-ol and TMPD-one serve to boost the
488:
Male bee moths attract females using a sex pheromone which is released from glands in their wings. This pheromone by itself is sufficient to cause female attraction. A major component of this pheromone has been found to be 3,4-Dihydro-9-hydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin (R-mellein).
240:
are considered a pest because the bee moth larvae severely damage commercial bee hives. Bee moths are also studied for their unique mating ritual which includes a release of pheromones from both the male and the female along with an ultrasonic signal emitted through the male's
470:
can serve to ward off other competing males by either direct repulsion from the odor or by causing the females to stop their own calling behavior of wing fanning. Males have also been shown to physically attack other competing males for territory in the mating process.
233:. Its body and forewings are typically reddish brown, tan, or dark green in color and females have a dark spot in the center of each forewing. The bee moth is native to Europe and are named "bee moths" because they seek out nests of bees and wasps to lay their eggs.
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Larvae are typically yellow in color and have a length of 22–30 mm. They begin by spinning a silk around themselves for protection and then proceed to feed on the surrounding environment including the pollen and honey within the nest, stored food, and
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The bee moth is commonly found in Europe, Britain, and Asia. In North
America, the bee moth has been spotted in various states such as California, Utah, New York, Virginia, and Connecticut. This moth flies from June to August in the
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males consist of short chirps which are separated by random periods of silence. The average duration of one of these courting/rival songs is approximately 1122 milliseconds and are estimated to have a maximum range of 0.45 meters.
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Bee moth larvae are known to feed on the host eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the bumble bees and wasps. Bee moth larvae will also feed on pollen, honey, and any waste that they find in the nest.
269:
where the male moths are generally more brightly colored and more distinctly patterned compared to the female moths. The females also contain a dark spot on the center of each of their forewings.
889:
Kindl, JiĹ™Ă; Jiroš, Pavel; Kalinová, Blanka; Žáček, Petr; Valterová, Irena (2012-04-01). "Females of the
Bumblebee Parasite, Aphomia sociella, Excite Males Using a Courtship Pheromone".
265:
The adult bee moth has a wingspan of 18-40 millimetres (0.71-1.57 inches). The body and forewings are typically reddish brown, tan, or dark green in color. This species is an example of
444:
will spin a strong silk to protect itself while it feeds. This silk is dense and difficult to penetrate and shields the larvae from the potentially harmful bees and wasps.
428:). Coexistence between the bee moth and its host is possible, especially in situations where the host wasps will tend to expand their nests downwards and so leaving the
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The bee moth is a pest of bumblebees, wasps, and—on rare occasions—even mice. Females prefer to lay their eggs in more exposed and elevated nests of various species of
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829:"Male Moth Songs Tempt Females to Accept Mating: The Role of Acoustic and Pheromonal Communication in the Reproductive Behaviour of Aphomia sociella"
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emissions in the courtship rituals during mating. These sounds are generated from wing movements that create high-frequency oscillations of the
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372:. The larvae tend to tunnel throughout the nest looking for food all the while destroying large amounts of the nest around them.
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strength of the TMPD-ol which is shown to cause males to begin their ultrasonic signaling and proceed in the courtship process.
1399:
185:
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Gambino, Parker (1995). "Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), Hosts of
Aphomia sociella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)".
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have been known to lay eggs in a wide variety of bumble bee, hornet, and wasp nests including the bald-faced hornet (
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This moth has been described as a new species several times, which has yielded a considerable number of alternate
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942:"A Fungal Metabolite as the Male Wing Gland Pheromone of the Bumble-Bee Wax Moth, Aphomia sociella"
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females lack the tymbals that males possess and so are not able to produce ultrasonic emissions.
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fungus in the intestines of bee moth larvae which suggests that the sex pheromone of mellein is
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larvae to feed on the upper levels. In short, a large nest is able to accommodate both species.
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Kindl, JiĹ™Ă; Kalinová, Blanka; ÄŚervenka, Milan; JĂlek, Milan; Valterová, Irena (2011-10-31).
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wasps. It is uncommon for a bee moth to seek out nests that are closer to the ground.
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The honeycombs that bee moth larvae feed on is shown to contain a fungus called
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in order to take advantage of the temporary weakness of their hosts.
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768:"Natural History Museum: Bee Moth Aphomia sociella"
19:"Bee moth" redirects here. This may also refer to
795:Journal of the New York Entomological Society
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663:Fabricius, 1798 (unjustified emendation)
655:Fabricius, 1798 (unjustified emendation)
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647:Haworth, 1809 (unjustified emendation)
972:Lepidoptera and some other life forms
436:Mechanisms of overcoming host species
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1197:68f5e158-90dd-48cf-af14-6aad5efd42bc
940:Kunesch, Gerhard (January 2, 1987).
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556:The ultrasonic signals produced by
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502:. Experiments also found the same
422:), and the buff-tailed bumblebee (
14:
962:Markku Savela (April 27, 2009).
225:, is a small moth of the family
68:
734:Donahue, Charlene (May 2011).
715:"Insects: Lepidoptera (moths)"
1:
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846:10.1371/journal.pone.0026476
229:(snout moths) and subfamily
1405:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
891:Journal of Chemical Ecology
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498:which is known to produce
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903:10.1007/s10886-012-0100-3
579:which are all invalid as
282:parts of its range, e.g.
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65:Scientific classification
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736:"The Maine Entomologist"
475:Female/male interactions
1385:Moths described in 1758
968:HĂĽbner, [1825]"
407:Dolichovespula maculata
1400:Moths of North America
996:Lepidoptera of Belgium
462:Male/male interactions
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495:Aspergillus ochraceus
392:will use the nest of
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1192:Fauna Europaea (new)
620:Aphomia pedemontella
510:by a microorganism.
416:), the German wasp (
217:, also known as the
1017:Bee moth on UKmoths
1001:Microlepidoptera.nl
448:Protective behavior
223:bumble bee wax moth
604:Aphomia lanceolata
440:The larvae of the
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1342:Open Tree of Life
1036:Taxon identifiers
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644:Crambus colonatus
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636:Aphomia virescens
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631:Krulikowski, 1909
628:Aphomia rufinella
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623:Della Beffa, 1941
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599:Della Beffa, 1941
596:Aphomia eritrella
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425:Bombus terrestris
419:Vespula germanica
394:Vespula germanica
267:sexual dimorphism
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588:Aphomia asiatica
577:scientific names
565:Aphomia sociella
558:Aphomia sociella
533:Aphomia sociella
528:Sound generation
442:Aphomia sociella
430:Aphomia sociella
402:Aphomia sociella
390:Aphomia sociella
273:Geographic range
259:Aphomia sociella
214:Aphomia sociella
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156:A. sociella
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1218:iNaturalist
639:Skala, 1929
413:D. arenaria
299:Oviposition
249:Description
231:Galleriinae
122:Lepidoptera
45:Adult male
1374:Categories
1282:AphomSocie
1012:(in Dutch)
1004:(in Dutch)
693:References
583:nowadays:
537:ultrasonic
480:Pheromones
468:pheromones
102:Arthropoda
977:April 11,
949:Inra-CNRS
911:0098-0331
855:1932-6203
514:Courtship
466:Male sex
280:temperate
227:Pyralidae
150:Species:
132:Pyralidae
88:Kingdom:
82:Eukaryota
31:Bee moth
1295:2.745135
1279:MaBENA:
1244:LepIndex
1236:10325010
1127:BugGuide
1103:BioLib:
1093:BAMONA:
1059:Q1305174
1053:Wikidata
919:22476958
873:22065997
833:PLOS ONE
807:25010152
571:Synonyms
551:sclerite
548:patagium
261:wingspan
257:View of
238:sociella
221:and the
219:bee moth
195:Synonyms
182:Linnaeus
128:Family:
98:Phylum:
92:Animalia
78:Domain:
21:Wax moth
1357:7912064
1210:1870250
966:Aphomia
927:8490337
864:3204978
544:tymbals
541:tegular
523:Hearing
500:mellein
400:Female
370:meconia
312:Vespine
284:Belgium
243:tymbals
235:Aphomia
143:Aphomia
138:Genus:
118:Order:
112:Insecta
108:Class:
1354:uBio:
1347:546354
1321:688398
1223:129572
1184:442615
1171:306097
1158:APHMSO
925:
917:
909:
871:
861:
853:
805:
687:, 1775
457:Mating
363:Larvae
324:Larvae
306:Bombus
1256:LoB:
1231:IRMNG
1166:EUNIS
1132:29899
1106:49923
945:(PDF)
923:S2CID
803:JSTOR
771:(PDF)
739:(PDF)
718:(PDF)
350:larva
1334:9034
1316:NCBI
1272:5629
1267:MONA
1259:5477
1249:3313
1205:GBIF
1153:EPPO
1145:FJGW
1119:9521
1114:BOLD
979:2010
915:PMID
907:ISSN
869:PMID
851:ISSN
381:Host
309:and
286:and
204:text
186:1758
1303:NBN
1140:CoL
1081:AFD
1068:ADW
899:doi
859:PMC
841:doi
799:103
338:Egg
1376::
1344::
1331::
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1292::
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1129::
1116::
1083::
1070::
1055::
970:.
947:.
921:.
913:.
905:.
895:38
893:.
881:^
867:.
857:.
849:.
835:.
831:.
815:^
797:.
779:^
747:^
726:^
701:^
290:.
245:.
184:,
981:.
964:"
951:.
929:.
901::
875:.
843::
837:6
809:.
773:.
741:.
720:.
188:)
180:(
23:.
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