517:
548:
570:
559:
504:
603:
56:
632:
76:
657:
621:
688:
668:
40:
590:
379:, with males generally larger than females and possessing different color patterns than the females (which at least when breeding are most frequently yellow with blackish markings); in a few species this pattern is reversed or the sexes are rather similar. Additionally, they often change color depending on behavior, for example when looking for food, breeding or during aggressive encounters. A few species, including
530:
487:, either by both parents or only by the female. In most cases, regardless of the breeding strategy, the female is more highly involved with care of the eggs and fry, whilst the male defends a territory from predators. The sex of the fry is affected by the water conditions: In all species where it has been studied
2327:
Tougard, C., C.R.G. Dåvila, U. Römer, F. Duponchelle, F. Cerqueira, E. Paradis, B. Guinand, C.A. Chåvez, V. Salas, S. Quérouil, S. Sirvas, and J.-F. Renno (2017). Tempo and rates of diversification in the South
American cichlid genus Apistogramma (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae). PLoS ONE 12(9):
741:âare known to exist in the genus. Several of the recognized species occur in more than one form, and some of these actually may represent separate species, as appears to be the case for the "Papagayo" and "PebĂĄs" forms, both typically included in
2634:
LĂłpez-FernĂĄndez, H., R.L. Honeycutt, M.L.J. Stiassny, and K.O. Winemiller (2005). Morphology, molecules, and character congruence in the phylogeny of South
American geophagine cichlids (Perciformes, Labroidei). Zoologica Scripta 34(6): 627â651.
355:
on the bottom in water with little movement and a shallow depth, up to about 40 cm (1.3 ft), although a few species occur deeper, in fast-flowing water, in more open habitats or at the surface among floating plants.
2416:
Rodrigues, R.R., J. Zuanon, K. Del-Claro, and L.N. Carvalho (2012). Reproductive behavior of the
Amazonian dwarf cichlid Apistogramma hippolytae Kullander, 1982: offsetting costs and benefits. Acta Ethologica 15(1): 1-7.
2617:
Ospina-Ălvarez, N., and F. Piferrer (2008). Temperature-dependent sex determination in fish revisited: Prevalence, a single sex ratio response pattern, and possible effects of climate change. PLoS One 3(7): e2837.
2404:
Staeck, W., and I. Schindler (2019). Apistogramma psammophila â a new geophagine dwarf cichlid (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Rio
Atabapo drainage in Colombia and Venezuela. Vertebrate Zoology 69(1): 103-110.
2434:
Rodrigues, R.R., L.N. Carvalho, J. Zuanon, and K. Del-Claro (2009). Color changing and behavioral context in the
Amazonian Dwarf Cichlid Apistogramma hippolytae (Perciformes). Neotrop. ichthyol. 7(4).
2690:
Carvalho, A.P.C., R.A. Collins, J.G. MartĂnez, I.P. Farias, and T. Hrbek (2019). From shallow to deep divergences: mixed messages from Amazon Basin cichlids. Hydrobiologia 832(1): 317â329.
2601:
Römer, U., and W. Beisenherz (1996). Environmental determination of sex in
Apistogramma (Cichlidae) and two other freshwater fishes (Teleostei). Journal of Fish Biology 48(4): 714-725.
2583:
Römer, C.I.; U. Römer; I. Hahn; D.P. Soares (2018). "BeitrÀge zur
Biologie von Apistogramma-Arten: Auch Apistogramma pantalone Römer et al., 2006 ist ein fakultativer MaulbrĂŒter".
2906:
2724:
Römer, U., Beninde, J., Duponchelle, F., Vela DĂaz, A., Ortega, H., Hahn, I., Soares, D.P., DĂaz Cachay, C., GarcĂa DĂĄvila, C.R., Sirvas
Cornejo, S. & Renno, J.-F. (2012):
2725:
2276:
Kullander, S.O., and E.J.G. Ferreira (2005). Two new species of
Apistogramma Regan (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the rio Trombetas, ParĂĄ State, Brazil. Neotrop. ichthyol. 3(3).
2377:
2813:
2924:
2707:
2887:
3056:
2544:"Description of a new maternal larvophilic mouth-brooding cichlid species, Apistogramma megastoma sp. n. (Teleostei: Perciformes: Geophaginae), from Loreto, Peru"
2350:
3082:
2767:. Serie Editorial Recursos HidrobiolĂłgicos y Pesqueros Continentales de Colombia. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn de Recursos BiolĂłgicos Alexander von Humboldt.
2656:
3156:
3030:
2730:
sp. n., a new dwarf cichlid species (Teleostei: Perciformes: Geophaginae) from in and around the
Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana, Loreto, Peru.
3069:
488:
3146:
2354:
sp. n.: Description of a potentially endangered endemic cichlid species (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae) from the Departamento Loreto, Peru.
2055:
2772:
2258:
317:. Although a few species are widespread, most members of this genus have small ranges. Few members of the genus have been evaluated by the
3108:
3151:
516:
2670:
3074:
2711:
sp. n.: A new species of geophagine cichlid fish (Teleostei: Perciformes) from the Ecuadorian and Peruvian rĂo Napo system.
2303:
2349:
Römer, U., Duponchelle, F., Vela Diaz, A., Garcia Davilla, C., Sirvas, S., Diaz Catchay, C. & Renno, J.-F. (2011):
75:
2991:
2818:
sp. n., a new geophagine dwarf cichlid (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the lower rĂo Cuao (Orinoco drainage) in Venezuela.
2910:
sp. n.: Description of a new cichlid species (Teleostei: Perciformes: Geophaginae) from the Rio Napo system, Ecuador.
1179:
3087:
2073:
1984:
852:
2035:
1815:
1771:
1638:
1629:
1582:
1526:
1441:
1394:
1261:
1253:
1171:
1162:
1011:
1002:
2172:
2151:
2063:
1941:
1925:
1857:
1841:
1741:
1736:
1719:
1699:
1686:
1565:
1539:
1493:
1330:
1154:
1024:
981:
976:
924:
895:
882:
865:
821:
791:
692:
579:
547:
387:
2892:
sp. n., a new geophagine cichlid species (Teleostei: Perciformes) from the Amazon river basin in Loreto, Peru.
1975:
1907:
1871:
1762:
1749:
1346:
1089:
1059:
569:
314:
1823:
1811:
1767:
1634:
1578:
1522:
1437:
1415:
1390:
1385:
1286:
1167:
1072:
1007:
816:
521:
2208:
2005:
1836:
1792:
1779:
1694:
1534:
1517:
1475:
1424:
1402:
1222:
1119:
1102:
1019:
936:
877:
843:
749:
review of the genus is necessary. The genus is sometimes divided into subgroups based on the appearance and
594:
479:
473:
399:
2873:(Teleostei: Cichlidae), a new species of cichlid fish from the Ampyiacu River in the Peruvian Amazon basin.
2799:, two new species of dwarf cichlids from the rio CuruĂĄ on Serra do Cachimbo, Brazil (Teleostei: Cichlidae).
2146:
2120:
2107:
1962:
1707:
1667:
1616:
1547:
1505:
1462:
1420:
1372:
1359:
1196:
1184:
1107:
1077:
1032:
907:
890:
803:
786:
759:
2944:
2542:
Römer, U.; C.I. Römer; G. Estivals; A.V. DĂaz; F. Duponchelle; C.R.G. DĂĄvila; I. Hahn; J.-F. Renn (2017).
2094:
2081:
2022:
1992:
1920:
1881:
1798:
1646:
1560:
1488:
1432:
1325:
1299:
1269:
1248:
1209:
1149:
1136:
772:
641:
508:
381:
1806:
1655:
1573:
1449:
1235:
989:
963:
869:
829:
3136:
2996:
2928:, a new dwarf cichlid (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the drainage of the rio Guaporé in Bolivia and Brazil.
2167:
2049:
1603:
1312:
1046:
949:
607:
558:
534:
393:
2886:
Römer, U., Beninde, J., Duponchelle, F., GarcĂa DĂĄvila, C.R., Vela DĂaz, A. & Renno, J.-F. (2013):
1590:
860:
503:
270:
that mostly feed on tiny animals and have breeding behaviors that vary depending on the exact species.
3113:
3017:
2652:
2138:
2133:
2125:
2112:
2099:
2086:
2010:
1997:
1980:
1912:
1899:
1886:
1828:
1784:
1754:
1728:
1724:
1681:
1659:
1651:
1621:
1608:
1595:
1552:
1480:
1467:
1407:
1377:
1364:
1351:
1317:
1304:
1291:
1278:
1257:
1240:
1227:
1214:
1201:
1188:
1141:
1124:
1111:
1094:
1081:
1064:
1051:
994:
968:
919:
848:
808:
764:
677:
467:
20:
2159:
2027:
2014:
1845:
1454:
1274:
1128:
3141:
2376:
Römer, U., Soares, D.P., GarcĂa DĂĄvila, C.R., Duponchelle, F., Renno, J.-F. & Hahn, I. (2015):
1894:
1509:
911:
835:
734:
602:
462:
458:
263:
2473:
2155:
1954:
1933:
1849:
1711:
1497:
1338:
1334:
928:
899:
795:
2565:
2041:
1950:
1946:
1929:
1863:
1703:
1501:
1038:
955:
903:
778:
746:
376:
334:
211:
184:
70:
2517:
2451:
2982:
3095:
3061:
3004:
2768:
2665:
2254:
2069:
1967:
1673:
941:
631:
310:
3100:
2691:
2636:
2619:
2602:
2555:
2435:
2418:
2329:
2277:
709:
404:
351:
generally inhabit streams, or edges of rivers or lakes. Most prefer sheltered habitats with
286:
281:
are exclusively found in tropical and subtropical South America in the lowlands east of the
252:
656:
620:
55:
738:
687:
450:
372:
302:
248:
723:
species, making it the most species-rich genus of cichlid in the Americas, together with
2869:
2495:
457:
aggregations. A number of breeding strategies exist in the genus. Some species breed in
39:
2791:
2606:
667:
589:
326:
306:
298:
117:
529:
3130:
2640:
2204:
484:
435:
368:
338:
322:
294:
267:
259:
2569:
2439:
2281:
750:
431:
342:
290:
193:
127:
329:(limited available data prevents an evaluation), but some of the highly localized
3009:
2851:
2623:
2333:
3043:
2976:
725:
454:
453:
in crevices (small caves), typically in holes in sunken logs or branches, or in
352:
2695:
2422:
2307:
715:
704:
167:
157:
2967:
301:, eastern Amazon Basin, rivers flowing into the Atlantic in northern Brazil (
423:
255:
147:
87:
2382:
Kullander, 1986, with descriptions of two new cichlid species of the genus
2961:
2832:
2560:
2543:
2217:
419:
107:
3035:
2855:(Perciformes: Cichlidae), una nueva especie para la cuenca del Orinoco.
137:
407:
by aquarists to achieve brighter colors than the natural, wild forms.
3048:
427:
97:
2938:
686:
601:
588:
528:
515:
502:
439:
371:
with adults reaching between 2 and 8 cm (0.8â3.1 in) in
282:
244:
2765:
Regan, 1913 (Perciformes, Cichlidae) en la cuenca del rĂo Orinoco
445:
Brood care is highly developed, as in most cichlids. Nearly all
318:
2942:
3022:
2251:
Field Guide to the Fishes of the Amazon, Orinoco, and Guianas
2840:
Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (3): 243-258.
492:
2802:
Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 27 (1): 81-95.
2386:(Teleostei, Perciformes, Geophaginae) from northern Peru.
345:) and pollution (for example by oil drilling or mining).
2868:
Britzke, R., Oliveira, C. & Kullander, S.O. (2014):
2304:"Apistogramma Species List By Species-Groups/Complexes"
375:
depending on exact species. Most species are strongly
2951:
2655:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
426:. Their main food items consist of aquatic insect
2253:. Princeton University Press. pp. 366â367.
2412:
2410:
2272:
2270:
2905:Römer, U., Beninde, J. & Hahn, I. (2011):
2831:Varella, H.R. & Sabaj PĂ©rez, M.H. (2014):
2786:
2784:
2850:Mesa Salazar, L.M. & Lasso, C.A. (2011):
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2249:van der Sleen, P.; J.S. Albert, eds. (2017).
491:and in some species more acidic water (lower
8:
2537:
2535:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2939:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
54:
38:
27:
2559:
2790:Varella, H.R. & Britzke, R. (2016):
337:. Primary threats to their survival are
2923:Staeck, W. & Schindler, I. (2016):
2812:Schindler, I. & Staeck, W. (2013):
2187:
583:, two male variants and female with fry
465:pairs. Three of the described species,
2837:, new species (Teleostei: Cichlidae).
274:Range, conservation status and habitat
753:relationship of the various species.
7:
2931:Vertebrate Zoology, 66 (2): 141-150.
2913:Vertebrate Zoology, 61 (3): 321-333.
2821:Vertebrate Zoology, 63 (3): 301-306.
2733:Vertebrate Zoology, 62 (2): 189â212.
2714:Vertebrate Zoology, 63 (2): 171-181.
2389:Vertebrate Zoology, 65 (3): 305â332.
719:. There are currently 93 recognized
297:, but there are also species in the
2759:Mesa S., L.M.; Lasso, C.A. (2011).
2895:Vertebrate Zoology, 63 (1): 15-34.
2607:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb01467.x
645:("Papagayo" form), male and female
489:warmer water results in more males
14:
2706:Römer, U. & Hahn, I. (2013):
2357:Vertebrate Zoology, 61 (1): 3-23.
461:harems, while other species form
3157:Taxa named by Charles Tate Regan
2858:Biota Colombiana, 12 (1): 19-30.
2641:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2005.00209.x
666:
655:
630:
619:
568:
557:
546:
74:
2440:10.1590/S1679-62252009000400013
2282:10.1590/S1679-62252005000300003
2671:California Academy of Sciences
2306:. Apisto sites. Archived from
707:and its closest relatives are
495:) also results in more males.
1:
3147:Cichlid fish of South America
1180:Apistogramma flavipedunculata
733:are regularly described, and
2624:10.1371/journal.pone.0002837
2334:10.1371/journal.pone.0182618
1876:Staeck & Schindler, 2019
262:, but also commonly kept in
2876:Zootaxa, 3869 (4): 409â419.
2302:Wise, M. (1 October 2017).
321:, mostly either ranking as
3173:
2474:"Apistogramma cacatuoides"
2036:Apistogramma steindachneri
1630:Apistogramma nororientalis
1163:Apistogramma flabellicauda
1003:Apistogramma caudomaculata
341:(causing changes in their
18:
2890:Apistogramma paulmuelleri
2696:10.1007/s10750-018-3790-x
2518:"Apistogramma macmasteri"
2423:10.1007/s10211-011-0107-8
1942:Apistogramma rubrolineata
1858:Apistogramma pleurotaenia
1737:Apistogramma paulmuelleri
1720:Apistogramma paucisquamis
217:
210:
199:
192:
71:Scientific classification
69:
62:
53:
46:
37:
30:
2452:"Apistogramma agassizii"
2380:Apistogramma payaminonis
2207:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
2064:Apistogramma trifasciata
1976:Apistogramma salpinction
1908:Apistogramma resticulosa
1872:Apistogramma psammophila
1763:Apistogramma pedunculata
1750:Apistogramma payaminonis
1347:Apistogramma inconspicua
1090:Apistogramma elizabethae
1060:Apistogramma diplotaenia
977:Apistogramma cacatuoides
693:Apistogramma trifasciata
580:Apistogramma cacatuoides
2835:Apistogramma kullanderi
2793:Apistogramma eleutheria
2728:Apistogramma allpahuayo
2496:"Apistogramma hongsloi"
1824:Apistogramma piauiensis
1476:Apistogramma macmasteri
1416:Apistogramma kullanderi
1386:Apistogramma intermedia
1287:Apistogramma hippolytae
1103:Apistogramma eremnopyge
1073:Apistogramma eleutheria
937:Apistogramma bitaeniata
817:Apistogramma allpahuayo
522:Apistogramma allpahuayo
48:Apistogramma bitaeniata
3152:Freshwater fish genera
2926:Apistogramma sororcula
2908:Apistogramma playayacu
2853:Apistogramma megaptera
2833:A titan among dwarfs:
2657:"Species in the genus
2352:Apistogramma cinilabra
2006:Apistogramma sororcula
1837:Apistogramma playayacu
1793:Apistogramma pertensis
1780:Apistogramma personata
1695:Apistogramma pantalone
1535:Apistogramma megastoma
1518:Apistogramma megaptera
1403:Apistogramma juruensis
1223:Apistogramma gibbiceps
1120:Apistogramma erythrura
1020:Apistogramma cinilabra
878:Apistogramma atahualpa
844:Apistogramma angayuara
773:Apistogramma agassizii
697:
612:
599:
595:Apistogramma erythrura
539:
526:
513:
509:Apistogramma agassizii
422:, but tending towards
2709:Apistogramma aguarico
2653:Eschmeyer, William N.
2310:on 26 September 2018.
2147:Apistogramma wapisana
2121:Apistogramma velifera
2108:Apistogramma urteagai
2050:Apistogramma taeniata
1963:Apistogramma rupununi
1668:Apistogramma ortmanni
1617:Apistogramma norberti
1604:Apistogramma nijsseni
1548:Apistogramma meinkeni
1463:Apistogramma luelingi
1373:Apistogramma inornata
1360:Apistogramma iniridae
1313:Apistogramma hongsloi
1197:Apistogramma geisleri
1033:Apistogramma commbrae
950:Apistogramma borellii
891:Apistogramma baenschi
804:Apistogramma alacrina
787:Apistogramma aguarico
760:Apistogramma acrensis
690:
608:Apistogramma nijsseni
605:
592:
535:Apistogramma borellii
532:
519:
506:
315:RĂo de la Plata Basin
64:Apistogramma hongsloi
2871:Apistogramma ortegai
2816:Apistogramma helkeri
2761:Revisión del género
2561:10.3897/vz.67.e31580
2221:. July 2019 version.
2134:Apistogramma viejita
2095:Apistogramma uaupesi
2082:Apistogramma tucurui
2023:Apistogramma staecki
1993:Apistogramma similis
1921:Apistogramma rositae
1882:Apistogramma pulchra
1682:Apistogramma panduro
1647:Apistogramma ortegai
1561:Apistogramma mendezi
1489:Apistogramma martini
1433:Apistogramma lineata
1326:Apistogramma huascar
1300:Apistogramma hoignei
1270:Apistogramma helkeri
1249:Apistogramma guttata
1210:Apistogramma gephyra
1150:Apistogramma feconat
1137:Apistogramma eunotus
920:Apistogramma barlowi
678:Apistogramma panduro
642:Apistogramma ortegai
499:Taxonomy and species
325:(not threatened) or
21:Apistogramma (album)
2797:A. flavipedunculata
1895:Apistogramma regani
1807:Apistogramma piaroa
1574:Apistogramma minima
1450:Apistogramma linkei
1236:Apistogramma gossei
990:Apistogramma caetei
964:Apistogramma brevis
830:Apistogramma amoena
735:undescribed species
333:species likely are
19:For the album, see
2548:Vertebrate Zoology
2498:. dwarfcichlid.com
2378:Re-description of
2209:"Species in genus
2168:Apistogramma wolli
1047:Apistogramma cruzi
745:. A comprehensive
698:
613:
600:
540:
527:
514:
442:and plant debris.
377:sexually dimorphic
289:is in the western
3124:
3123:
3096:Open Tree of Life
2945:Taxon identifiers
2774:978-958-8343-64-8
2666:Catalog of Fishes
2585:DCG-Informationen
2260:978-0-691-17074-9
2176:
2163:
2142:
2129:
2116:
2103:
2090:
2077:
2059:
2045:
2031:
2018:
2001:
1988:
1985:E. F. G. Ferreira
1971:
1958:
1937:
1916:
1903:
1890:
1877:
1867:
1853:
1832:
1819:
1802:
1788:
1775:
1758:
1745:
1732:
1715:
1690:
1677:
1663:
1642:
1625:
1612:
1599:
1591:Apistogramma moae
1586:
1569:
1556:
1543:
1530:
1513:
1484:
1471:
1458:
1445:
1428:
1411:
1398:
1381:
1368:
1355:
1342:
1321:
1308:
1295:
1282:
1265:
1244:
1231:
1218:
1205:
1192:
1175:
1158:
1145:
1132:
1115:
1098:
1085:
1068:
1055:
1042:
1028:
1015:
998:
985:
972:
959:
945:
932:
915:
886:
873:
861:Apistogramma arua
856:
853:E. F. G. Ferreira
839:
825:
812:
799:
782:
768:
729:. New species of
681:, male and female
611:, female and male
236:
235:
231:
224:
188:
3164:
3117:
3116:
3104:
3103:
3091:
3090:
3078:
3077:
3065:
3064:
3052:
3051:
3039:
3038:
3026:
3025:
3013:
3012:
3000:
2999:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2940:
2933:
2921:
2915:
2903:
2897:
2884:
2878:
2866:
2860:
2848:
2842:
2829:
2823:
2810:
2804:
2788:
2779:
2778:
2756:
2735:
2722:
2716:
2704:
2698:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2649:
2643:
2632:
2626:
2615:
2609:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2563:
2539:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2448:
2442:
2432:
2426:
2414:
2405:
2402:
2391:
2374:
2359:
2347:
2336:
2325:
2312:
2311:
2299:
2284:
2274:
2265:
2264:
2246:
2223:
2222:
2201:
2171:
2150:
2137:
2124:
2111:
2098:
2085:
2067:
2053:
2039:
2026:
2009:
1996:
1979:
1966:
1945:
1924:
1911:
1898:
1885:
1875:
1861:
1840:
1827:
1810:
1796:
1783:
1766:
1753:
1740:
1723:
1698:
1685:
1671:
1650:
1633:
1620:
1607:
1594:
1577:
1564:
1551:
1538:
1521:
1492:
1479:
1466:
1453:
1436:
1419:
1406:
1389:
1376:
1363:
1350:
1329:
1316:
1303:
1290:
1273:
1252:
1239:
1226:
1213:
1200:
1183:
1166:
1153:
1140:
1123:
1106:
1093:
1076:
1063:
1050:
1036:
1023:
1006:
993:
980:
967:
953:
940:
923:
894:
881:
864:
847:
833:
820:
807:
790:
776:
763:
710:Apistogrammoides
670:
659:
634:
623:
572:
561:
550:
430:and other small
405:selectively bred
229:
222:
201:Mesops taeniatus
183:
79:
78:
58:
42:
28:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3112:
3107:
3099:
3094:
3086:
3081:
3073:
3068:
3060:
3055:
3047:
3042:
3034:
3029:
3021:
3016:
3008:
3003:
2995:
2990:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2947:
2937:
2936:
2922:
2918:
2904:
2900:
2888:Description of
2885:
2881:
2867:
2863:
2849:
2845:
2830:
2826:
2814:Description of
2811:
2807:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2758:
2757:
2738:
2726:Description of
2723:
2719:
2705:
2701:
2689:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2633:
2629:
2616:
2612:
2600:
2596:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2541:
2540:
2533:
2523:
2521:
2520:. SeriouslyFish
2516:
2515:
2511:
2501:
2499:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2476:. SeriouslyFish
2472:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2454:. SeriouslyFish
2450:
2449:
2445:
2433:
2429:
2415:
2408:
2403:
2394:
2375:
2362:
2348:
2339:
2326:
2315:
2301:
2300:
2287:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2248:
2247:
2226:
2203:
2202:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2139:S. O. Kullander
2113:S. O. Kullander
2100:S. O. Kullander
2070:C. H. Eigenmann
1981:S. O. Kullander
1913:S. O. Kullander
1900:S. O. Kullander
1887:S. O. Kullander
1829:S. O. Kullander
1785:S. O. Kullander
1755:S. O. Kullander
1725:S. O. Kullander
1674:C. H. Eigenmann
1660:S. O. Kullander
1609:S. O. Kullander
1596:S. O. Kullander
1553:S. O. Kullander
1481:S. O. Kullander
1468:S. O. Kullander
1408:S. O. Kullander
1365:S. O. Kullander
1352:S. O. Kullander
1318:S. O. Kullander
1292:S. O. Kullander
1258:S. O. Kullander
1241:S. O. Kullander
1215:S. O. Kullander
1142:S. O. Kullander
1112:S. O. Kullander
1095:S. O. Kullander
1065:S. O. Kullander
1052:S. O. Kullander
995:S. O. Kullander
969:S. O. Kullander
849:S. O. Kullander
809:S. O. Kullander
685:
684:
683:
682:
673:
672:
671:
662:
661:
660:
649:
648:
647:
646:
637:
636:
635:
626:
625:
624:
587:
586:
585:
584:
575:
574:
573:
564:
563:
562:
553:
552:
551:
501:
413:
373:standard length
362:
276:
249:freshwater fish
225:
206:
203:
182:
73:
24:
17:
16:Genus of fishes
12:
11:
5:
3170:
3168:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3129:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3105:
3092:
3079:
3066:
3053:
3040:
3027:
3014:
3001:
2988:
2973:
2957:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2935:
2934:
2916:
2898:
2879:
2861:
2843:
2824:
2805:
2780:
2773:
2736:
2717:
2699:
2683:
2644:
2627:
2610:
2594:
2575:
2554:(2): 151â171.
2531:
2509:
2487:
2465:
2443:
2427:
2406:
2392:
2360:
2337:
2313:
2285:
2266:
2259:
2224:
2205:Froese, Rainer
2186:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2164:
2143:
2130:
2117:
2104:
2091:
2078:
2060:
2046:
2032:
2019:
2002:
1989:
1972:
1959:
1938:
1917:
1904:
1891:
1878:
1868:
1854:
1833:
1820:
1803:
1789:
1776:
1759:
1746:
1733:
1716:
1691:
1678:
1664:
1656:C. de Oliveira
1643:
1626:
1613:
1600:
1587:
1570:
1557:
1544:
1531:
1514:
1485:
1472:
1459:
1446:
1429:
1412:
1399:
1382:
1369:
1356:
1343:
1322:
1309:
1296:
1283:
1266:
1245:
1232:
1219:
1206:
1193:
1176:
1159:
1146:
1133:
1116:
1099:
1086:
1069:
1056:
1043:
1029:
1016:
999:
986:
973:
960:
946:
933:
916:
887:
874:
857:
840:
826:
813:
800:
783:
769:
755:
675:
674:
665:
664:
663:
654:
653:
652:
651:
650:
639:
638:
629:
628:
627:
618:
617:
616:
615:
614:
577:
576:
567:
566:
565:
556:
555:
554:
545:
544:
543:
542:
541:
500:
497:
424:micropredatory
412:
409:
388:A. cacatuoides
369:dwarf cichlids
361:
358:
327:data deficient
299:Guianan Shield
285:. The highest
275:
272:
268:dwarf cichlids
234:
233:
215:
214:
208:
207:
204:
197:
196:
190:
189:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
118:Actinopterygii
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
67:
66:
60:
59:
51:
50:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3169:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2941:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2591:(9): 202â211.
2590:
2586:
2579:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2252:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2074:C. H. Kennedy
2071:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
991:
987:
983:
979:
978:
974:
970:
966:
965:
961:
957:
952:
951:
947:
943:
939:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
892:
888:
884:
880:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
845:
841:
837:
832:
831:
827:
823:
819:
818:
814:
810:
806:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:
784:
780:
775:
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:
757:
756:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
727:
722:
718:
717:
712:
711:
706:
702:
695:
694:
689:
680:
679:
669:
658:
644:
643:
633:
622:
610:
609:
604:
597:
596:
591:
582:
581:
571:
560:
549:
537:
536:
531:
524:
523:
518:
511:
510:
505:
498:
496:
494:
490:
486:
485:mouthbrooding
482:
481:
476:
475:
470:
469:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
437:
433:
432:invertebrates
429:
425:
421:
417:
410:
408:
406:
402:
401:
400:A. macmasteri
396:
395:
390:
389:
384:
383:
378:
374:
370:
366:
359:
357:
354:
350:
346:
344:
340:
339:deforestation
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:least concern
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
295:Orinoco Basin
292:
288:
284:
280:
273:
271:
269:
265:
261:
260:South America
257:
254:
250:
246:
242:
241:
232:
228:
221:
216:
213:
209:
205:GĂŒnther, 1862
202:
198:
195:
191:
186:
181:
180:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
77:
72:
68:
65:
61:
57:
52:
49:
45:
41:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
3137:Apistogramma
2983:Apistogramma
2953:Apistogramma
2952:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2912:
2907:
2901:
2894:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2870:
2864:
2857:
2852:
2846:
2839:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2764:
2763:Apistogramma
2760:
2732:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2686:
2674:. Retrieved
2664:
2659:Apistogramma
2658:
2647:
2630:
2613:
2597:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2551:
2547:
2522:. Retrieved
2512:
2500:. Retrieved
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2468:
2456:. Retrieved
2446:
2430:
2388:
2384:Apistogramma
2383:
2379:
2356:
2351:
2308:the original
2250:
2216:
2211:Apistogramma
2210:
2175:et. al, 2015
2166:
2145:
2132:
2119:
2106:
2093:
2080:
2062:
2048:
2034:
2021:
2004:
1991:
1974:
1961:
1940:
1919:
1906:
1893:
1880:
1870:
1856:
1835:
1822:
1812:Mesa-Salazar
1805:
1791:
1778:
1768:Mesa-Salazar
1761:
1748:
1744:et. al, 2013
1735:
1718:
1693:
1680:
1666:
1645:
1635:Mesa-Salazar
1628:
1615:
1602:
1589:
1572:
1559:
1546:
1542:et. al, 2017
1533:
1523:Mesa Salazar
1516:
1487:
1474:
1461:
1448:
1438:Mesa-Salazar
1431:
1414:
1401:
1391:Mesa-Salazar
1384:
1371:
1358:
1345:
1324:
1311:
1298:
1285:
1268:
1247:
1234:
1221:
1208:
1195:
1178:
1168:Mesa-Salazar
1161:
1157:et. al, 2015
1148:
1135:
1129:I. Schindler
1118:
1101:
1088:
1071:
1058:
1045:
1031:
1027:et. al, 2011
1018:
1008:Mesa_Salazar
1001:
988:
975:
962:
948:
935:
918:
889:
876:
859:
842:
828:
824:et. al, 2012
815:
802:
785:
779:Steindachner
771:
758:
751:phylogenetic
742:
731:Apistogramma
730:
724:
721:Apistogramma
720:
714:
708:
701:Apistogramma
700:
699:
691:
676:
640:
606:
593:
578:
533:
520:
507:
480:A. pantalone
478:
474:A. megastoma
472:
466:
447:Apistogramma
446:
444:
416:Apistogramma
415:
414:
403:, have been
398:
392:
386:
382:A. agassizii
380:
365:Apistogramma
364:
363:
349:Apistogramma
348:
347:
343:microhabitat
331:Apistogramma
330:
291:Amazon Basin
279:Apistogramma
278:
277:
240:Apistogramma
239:
238:
237:
230:Fowler, 1954
227:Pintoichthys
226:
220:Heterogramma
219:
218:
200:
194:Type species
179:Apistogramma
178:
177:
128:Cichliformes
63:
47:
32:Apistogramma
31:
25:
3044:iNaturalist
2977:Wikispecies
1425:Sabaj PĂ©rez
737:âsometimes
726:Crenicichla
703:is part of
483:, practice
455:leaf litter
353:leaf litter
266:. They are
243:is a large
223:Regan, 1906
144:Subfamily:
3142:Geophagini
3131:Categories
2328:e0182618.
2182:References
1254:Antonio C.
743:A. ortegai
716:Taeniacara
705:Geophagini
468:A. barlowi
463:monogamous
459:polygamous
394:A hongsloi
360:Appearance
335:threatened
313:) and the
258:native to
168:Geophagina
164:Subtribe:
158:Geophagini
2028:Koslowski
2015:Schindler
1455:Koslowski
1275:Schindler
942:Pellegrin
747:taxonomic
420:omnivores
303:Tocantins
264:aquariums
256:Cichlidae
148:Cichlinae
138:Cichlidae
94:Kingdom:
88:Eukaryota
2962:Wikidata
2570:90387578
2218:FishBase
2152:U. Römer
1687:U. Römer
1583:Lasso A.
1566:U. Römer
1262:Lasso A.
982:Hoedeman
449:species
436:fish fry
411:Behavior
311:ParnaĂba
307:Araguaia
287:richness
212:Synonyms
134:Family:
108:Chordata
104:Phylum:
98:Animalia
84:Domain:
3062:1198936
3036:2371221
2968:Q131118
2676:10 July
2524:10 July
2502:10 July
2480:10 July
2458:10 July
2076:, 1903)
2058:, 1862)
2056:GĂŒnther
2044:, 1908)
1866:, 1909)
1846:Beninde
1801:, 1911)
1799:Haseman
1676:, 1912)
1652:Britzke
1579:Mesa S.
1421:Varella
1305:Meinken
1228:Meinken
1202:Meinken
1189:Britzke
1185:Varella
1082:Britzke
1078:Varella
1041:, 1906)
958:, 1906)
838:, 1872)
781:, 1875)
739:cryptic
251:in the
174:Genus:
154:Tribe:
124:Order:
114:Class:
3114:268345
3101:533599
3075:169862
2771:
2568:
2257:
2162:, 2006
2160:Conrad
2158:&
2141:, 1979
2128:, 2003
2126:Staeck
2115:, 1986
2102:, 1980
2089:, 2003
2087:Staeck
2072:&
2030:, 1985
2017:, 2016
2013:&
2011:Staeck
2000:, 2003
1998:Staeck
1987:, 2005
1983:&
1970:, 1914
1968:Fowler
1957:, 2002
1955:Zapata
1953:&
1951:Zarske
1936:, 2006
1932:&
1915:, 1980
1902:, 1980
1889:, 1980
1852:, 2011
1848:&
1831:, 1980
1818:, 2011
1814:&
1787:, 1980
1774:, 2011
1770:&
1757:, 1986
1731:, 1988
1729:Staeck
1727:&
1714:, 2006
1710:&
1708:Soares
1689:, 1997
1662:, 2014
1658:&
1641:, 2011
1637:&
1624:, 1991
1622:Staeck
1611:, 1979
1598:, 1980
1585:, 2011
1581:&
1568:, 1994
1555:, 1980
1529:, 2011
1525:&
1512:, 2003
1510:Wöhler
1508:&
1506:Soares
1483:, 1979
1470:, 1976
1457:, 1985
1444:, 2011
1440:&
1427:, 2014
1423:&
1410:, 1986
1397:, 2011
1393:&
1380:, 2003
1378:Staeck
1367:, 1979
1354:, 1983
1341:, 2006
1337:&
1335:Pretor
1320:, 1979
1307:, 1965
1294:, 1982
1281:, 2013
1279:Staeck
1277:&
1264:, 1989
1260:&
1243:, 1982
1230:, 1969
1217:, 1980
1204:, 1971
1191:, 2016
1187:&
1174:, 2011
1170:&
1144:, 1981
1131:, 2008
1127:&
1125:Staeck
1114:, 2004
1110:&
1097:, 1980
1084:, 2016
1080:&
1067:, 1987
1054:, 1986
1014:, 2011
1010:&
997:, 1980
984:, 1951
971:, 1980
944:, 1936
931:, 2008
927:&
914:, 2004
912:Wöhler
910:&
908:Soares
885:, 1997
872:, 1998
870:Warzel
868:&
855:, 2005
851:&
811:, 2004
798:, 2013
794:&
767:, 2003
765:Staeck
696:, male
598:, male
538:, pair
525:, male
512:, male
428:larvae
253:family
187:, 1913
3109:WoRMS
3088:81357
3057:IRMNG
3049:86544
3023:24957
2997:83555
2566:S2CID
2173:Römer
2042:Regan
1930:Römer
1926:Römer
1864:Regan
1842:Römer
1816:Lasso
1772:Lasso
1742:Römer
1704:Römer
1700:Römer
1639:Lasso
1540:Römer
1527:Lasso
1502:Römer
1494:Römer
1442:Lasso
1395:Lasso
1331:Römer
1172:Lasso
1155:Römer
1108:Ready
1039:Regan
1025:Römer
1012:Lasso
956:Regan
925:Römer
904:Römer
896:Römer
883:Römer
866:Römer
822:Römer
792:Römer
451:spawn
440:algae
283:Andes
245:genus
185:Regan
3083:NCBI
3070:ITIS
3031:GBIF
2992:BOLD
2795:and
2769:ISBN
2678:2019
2526:2019
2504:2019
2482:2019
2460:2019
2255:ISBN
2156:Hahn
1947:Hein
1934:Hahn
1850:Hahn
1712:Hahn
1498:Hahn
1339:Hahn
929:Hahn
900:Hahn
836:Cope
796:Hahn
713:and
477:and
418:are
397:and
367:are
319:IUCN
293:and
3018:EoL
3010:YP3
3005:CoL
2692:doi
2637:doi
2620:doi
2603:doi
2556:doi
2552:467
2436:doi
2419:doi
2330:doi
2278:doi
309:to
247:of
3133::
3111::
3098::
3085::
3072::
3059::
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3033::
3020::
3007::
2994::
2979::
2964::
2783:^
2739:^
2669:.
2663:.
2589:49
2587:.
2564:.
2550:.
2546:.
2534:^
2409:^
2395:^
2363:^
2340:^
2316:^
2288:^
2269:^
2227:^
2215:.
2190:^
2154:,
1949:,
1928:,
1844:,
1706:,
1702:,
1654:,
1504:,
1500:,
1496:,
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902:,
898:,
493:pH
471:,
438:,
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2605::
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