435:, in Washington, D.C. regarding the missing tapes on July 16, 2009—the 40th anniversary of Apollo 11's launch from Cape Kennedy. The multinational research team looking into the missing tapes—mostly retired engineers who had worked on the original broadcast in 1969—was represented at the event by Richard Nafzger from the Goddard Space Flight Center and Stanley Lebar, the former lead engineer at Westinghouse who developed the Apollo Lunar Camera and the Apollo Color Camera. They concluded that the data tapes—with the SSTV signal—were shipped from Australia to Goddard and then routinely erased and reused a few years later. Australian backup tapes were also erased after Goddard received the reels, following the procedures established by NASA. The SSTV signal was recorded on telemetry data tapes mostly as a backup in case the real-time conversion and broadcast around the world failed. Since the real-time broadcast conversion worked, and was widely recorded on both videotape and
269:, was used to record the first field from the camera. It then fed that field, and an appropriately time-delayed copy of the first field, to the NTSC Field Interlace Switch (encoder). The combined original and copied fields created the first full 525-line interlaced frame and the signal was then sent to Houston. The disk recorder repeated this sequence five more times, until the camera imaged the next SSTV frame. The converter then repeated the whole process with each new frame downloaded from space in real time. In this way, the RCA converter produced the extra 20 frames per second needed to produce flicker-free images to the world's television broadcasters.
318:. If the scan converter's settings were incorrectly set, as they were at the Goldstone station during the first few minutes of Apollo 11's moonwalk, the negative impact on the image could be very obvious. When Armstrong first came down the Lunar Module's ladder, he was barely visible because the contrast and the vertical phase were not set correctly by the scan converter operator. The video seen on home television sets was further degraded by the very long and noisy analog transmission path. The converted signal was sent by satellite from the three receiving ground stations to Houston. Then the network
459:. At the news conference, it was mentioned that Lowry Digital would complete enhancing and restoring the tapes. Mike Inchalik, president of Lowry Digital, mentioned that his company would only restore the video and would not remove defects (such as reflections that looked like flag poles). A few short clips were shown at the news conference, showing their improved quality. NASA released some partially restored samples on its website after the news conference. The full restoration of the footage, about three hours long, was completed in December 2009.
423:. On July 20, 2019, the fiftieth anniversary of the first moonwalk, the three tapes were sold to an undisclosed buyer for 1.82 million USD, according to Sotheby's. Although Sotheby's described these tapes as "the best surviving NASA videotape recordings of the historic Apollo 11 Moon Landing" and "the earliest, sharpest and most accurate surviving video images of man's first steps on the moon", a statement from NASA said these tapes "contain no material that hasn't been preserved at NASA".
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conducted a multi-year investigation in the hopes of finding the most pristine and detailed video images of the moonwalk. If copies of the original SSTV format tapes were to be found, more modern digital technology could make a higher-quality conversion, yielding better images than those originally seen. The researchers concluded that the tapes containing the raw unprocessed Apollo 11 SSTV signal were
125:
22:
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374:... or at another location within the NASA archiving system" and "NASA engineers are hopeful that when the tapes are found they can use today's digital technology to provide a version of the moonwalk that is much better quality than what we have today." NASA also had ongoing research reasons for finding these higher-resolution tapes, as the
462:
Some other footage from
Australian ground-station feeds showing SSTV video of Armstrong's descent and first steps surfaced through John Sarkissian's efforts. Highlights of this fully enhanced video were shown to the public for the first time at the Australian Geographic Society Awards on October 6,
381:
The
Goddard Center's Data Evaluation Laboratory has the only known surviving piece of equipment that can read the missing tapes and was set to be closed in October 2006, causing some fear that, even if the tapes were later found, there would be no ready way to read and copy them. However, equipment
351:
movie with about 15 minutes of Apollo 11 images was rediscovered. The footage had been taken by Ed von
Renouard at Honeysuckle Creek tracking station during or immediately after the Apollo 11 moonwalk. The images show mainly the scan converted monitor and briefly the slow-scan monitor. This is some
95:
A team of retired NASA employees and contractors tried to find the tapes in the early 2000s but was unable to do so. The search was sparked when several still photographs appeared in the late 1990s that showed the visually superior raw SSTV transmission on ground-station monitors. The research team
442:
There was also documentation that the Apollo 11 moonwalk SSTV was recorded at the Parkes, Australia facility on modified Ampex two-inch helical scan VTRs. The VTRs were modified by Johns
Hopkins University's Applied Physics Labs to record 320-line slow-scan video directly to the videotape without
450:
Nafzger stated that the team did find several post-conversion copies of the broadcast that were of higher quality than what had been previously seen by the public. Their findings included a videotape recorded in Sydney after the conversion but before the satellite transmission around the world,
343:
missions). If the one-inch (25 mm) data tapes, containing the raw unprocessed Apollo 11 SSTV signals, were to be found, modern digital technology would allow for significantly better conversion and processing. The quality would be similar to that viewed by a few technicians and others at
256:
The RCA scan converter operated on an optical conversion principle. The conversion process started when the signal was sent to a high-quality 10-inch (25 cm) video monitor, where a conventional RCA TK-22 television camera—using the NTSC broadcast standard of 525 scanned lines
305:
This live conversion was crude compared to early-21st-century electronic digital conversion techniques. Image degradation was unavoidable with this system as the monitor and camera's optical limitations significantly lowered the original SSTV signal's
87:
films. Many of these low-quality recordings remain intact. As the real-time broadcast worked and was widely recorded, preservation of the backup video was not deemed a priority in the years immediately following the mission. In the early 1980s, NASA's
107:
taken of a video monitor in
Australia, showing the SSTV transmission before it was converted. These visual elements were processed in 2009, as part of a NASA-approved restoration project of the first moonwalk. At a 2009 news conference in
370:. The missing tapes were among over 700 boxes of magnetic data tapes recorded throughout the Apollo program that have not been found. On August 16, 2006 NASA announced its official search, saying, "The original tapes may be at the
439:, the backup video was not deemed important at the time. In the early 1980s, NASA's Landsat program was facing a severe data tape shortage and it is likely that during this period the tapes were erased and reused.
501:
For the purposes of clarity and simplicity in this article, 60 fields and 30 frames per second are used. NTSC actually runs at 60/1.001 ≅ 59.94 fields per second, and 30/1.001 ≅ 29.97 frames per second. Two
322:
was sent by microwave relay to New York, where it was broadcast live to the United States and the world. Because all of these links were analog, each one added additional noise and distortion to the signal.
406:
announced that they would have available for sale, on July 20, three 2-inch (50 mm) video tape reels—out of a total of 1,150 reels—bought at a government surplus auction in 1976, at a price of $ 218
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1313:
411:. The three reels were said to be first-generation recordings of the Apollo 11 EVA video, but were not the missing 1-inch (25 mm) telemetry data tapes. The tapes had been purchased in 1976 at a
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When the Apollo TV camera radioed its images, the ground stations received its raw unconverted SSTV signal and split it into two branches. One signal branch was sent unprocessed to a 14-track analog
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This low-quality optical conversion of the Apollo 11 moonwalk video images—made with a TV camera taking pictures of a video monitor—is what was widely recorded in real-time onto
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at 120 inches (3.0 m) per second. The other raw SSTV signal branch was sent to the RCA scan converter, where it was processed into an NTSC broadcast television signal.
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399:. One of these tapes was sent to NASA for analysis. It carried no video but did show that if any of the tapes are ever found, data could likely be read from them.
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magazine reported that some NASA telemetry tapes from the Apollo project era had been found in a small marine science laboratory in the main physics building at
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Since the camera's scan rate was much lower than the approximately 30 fps for NTSC video, the television standard used in North
America at the time, a real-time
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112:, the research team released its findings regarding the tapes' disappearance. They also partially released newly enhanced footage obtained during the search.
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joined him 19 minutes later. Only limited radio bandwidth was available to transmit the video signal from the lunar landings, which needed to be
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339:. Recordings of this conversion were not lost and have long been available to the public (along with much higher-quality video from later
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broadcast television standards. It needed to be converted before it could be shown on broadcast television networks. This live
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Although the researchers never found the telemetry tapes, they did discover the best visual quality NTSC videotapes as well as
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Lebar, Stanley (August 15, 1966). "Lunar TV Camera: Statement of Work (Final Draft)". In Jones, Eric M.; Glover, Ken (eds.).
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1354:"Comparison photographs of the Apollo 11 Lunar Television as seen at Goldstone, Honeysuckle Creek, Parkes and Houston"
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of the best quality recording of brief segments of the Apollo 11 moonwalk available. The images are available on DVD.
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television format. The moonwalk's converted video signal was broadcast live around the world on July 21, 1969 (2:56
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News that these analog data tapes were missing emerged on August 5, 2006, when the print and online versions of
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To broadcast the SSTV transmission on standard television, NASA ground receiving stations performed real-time
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was needed to be able to show its images on a regular TV set. NASA selected a scan converter manufactured by
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at 30 fps—merely re-photographed its screen. The monitor had persistent phosphors that acted as a primitive
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was crude, essentially using a video camera pointing at a high-quality 10-inch (25 cm) TV monitor.
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was facing a severe data tape shortage and it is likely the tapes were erased and reused at this time.
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896:"Last remaining moon landing video tapes bought by NASA intern for $ 218 could sell for millions"
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The data tapes were used to record all transmitted data (video as well as telemetry) for backup.
246:, where it was recorded onto 14-inch (36 cm) diameter reels of one-inch-wide (25 mm)
2558:
1827:
Peltzer, K. E. (1966). "Apollo
Unified S-Band System". In Jones, Eric M.; Glover, Ken (eds.).
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tracking station, also in
Australia. The camera's video format was incompatible with existing
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became the first person to step onto the lunar surface on July 21, 1969, at 02:56 UTC;
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419:. George had learned about these "government surplus" auctions while an intern at the
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to convert the black-and-white SSTV signals from the Apollo 7, 8, 9 and 11 missions.
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1658:
949:"Las Vegas man almost tossed the Apollo 11 moonwalk tapes he sold for $ 1.8 million"
299:(left)—its conversion for broadcast (right) significantly degraded its image quality
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and reused by NASA in the early 1980s, following standard procedure at the time.
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920:"Moon tapes auction is expected to fetch big bucks. NASA clarifies what they are"
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165:, back to Earth. Therefore, Apollo 11's moonwalk video was transmitted from the
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Photograph of the original SSTV signal of Aldrin and
Armstrong at the foot of
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1858:"On Eagle's Wings: The Parkes Observatory's Support of the Apollo 11 Mission"
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1027:"One Small Step, One Rare Recording: See the Moon Landing Like Never Before"
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975:"3 original NASA moon landing videos sell for $ 1.82 million at auction"
21:
1594:"1 Small Step for a Cam: How Astronauts Shot Video of the Moon Landing"
432:
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SSTV-receiving ground stations before the video was converted to NTSC.
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Restored Apollo 11 EVA, published on July 17, 2014 by NASA on YouTube
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format at 10 frames per second (fps) with 320 lines of resolution,
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archives (direct from NASA, without commentary) and kinescopes at
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was the spaceflight that landed the first two people on the Moon.
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1969:
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converting it. It was confirmed that these tapes were shipped to
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Originally published by NASA HQ as NASA Technical Note TN-A7476.
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with other communication and telemetry channels beamed from the
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1973:
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233:
209:
116:
completed the full moonwalk restoration project in late 2009.
1927:
1306:"One giant blunder for mankind: how NASA lost moon pictures"
1227:. Alexandria, Virginia: The American Geosciences Institute.
378:
shared some similar tasks with the original Apollo program.
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725:
678:
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663:
661:
597:
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368:
One giant blunder for mankind: how NASA lost moon pictures
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The television camera, as it was positioned on the Apollo
1551:"'Lost' Footage of First Moonwalk to Screen in Australia"
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auction, by Gary George, then an engineering student at
79:). At the time, the NTSC broadcast was recorded on many
1497:"NASA Erased First Moonwalk Tapes, But Restores Copies"
1447:
The Apollo 11 Telemetry Data
Recordings: A Final Report
1001:"Original Apollo 11 landing videotapes sell for $ 1.8M"
557:
555:
553:
697:
695:
693:
691:
1865:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia
1269:"TV show of the century: A travelogue not atmosphere"
1267:
Lebar, Stanley; Hoffman, Charles P. (March 6, 1967),
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2032:
1163:"Australian Geographic to screen lost Moon footage"
894:
447:, but they could not be found by the search team.
25:The original slow-scan television signal from the
1592:Von Baldegg, Kasia Cieplak-Mayr (July 20, 2012).
1245:"NASA Releases Restored Apollo 11 Moonwalk Video"
1139:"Space Week: Lost Moon landing tapes discovered"
1071:
746:
652:
1836:. Washington, DC: NASA (published 1996–2013).
1712:. Washington, DC: NASA (published 1996–2013).
1382:. Sydney: honeysucklecreek.net. Archived from
1330:"NASA orders search for missing moonwalk tape"
1278:, Washington, DC: NASA (published 1996–2013),
1197:, Washington, DC: NASA (published 1996–2013),
1188:"Apollo Experience Report – Television System"
2851:Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
1985:
1763:. Toorak, Victoria, Australia. Archived from
1145:. Toorak, Victoria, Australia. Archived from
8:
2863:Symbol indicates failure or partial failure
1668:, Washington, DC: NASA (published 1996–2013)
1380:"The Moonwalks as seen at Honeysuckle Creek"
625:
1871:(3). Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing: 287–310.
731:
544:
2190:
2070:
1992:
1978:
1970:
1757:"'Lost' Apollo 11 Moonwalk tapes restored"
1059:
821:
682:
667:
601:
382:that could read the tapes was maintained.
1884:
1664:, in Jones, Eric M.; Glover, Ken (eds.),
1648:. Brevard County, Florida. Archived from
1521:"The search for the Apollo 11 SSTV tapes"
1274:, in Jones, Eric M.; Glover, Ken (eds.),
1243:Jacobs, Bob; Hess, Mark (July 16, 2009).
1221:"Missing tapes could reveal clearer moon"
1193:, in Jones, Eric M.; Glover, Ken (eds.),
797:
785:
773:
761:
637:
1811:. New York: NewBay Media. Archived from
1787:. New York: NewBay Media. Archived from
1479:. New York: NewBay Media. Archived from
1095:
265:. An analog disk recorder, based on the
1922:The Search for the Apollo 11 SSTV Tapes
1805:"Equipping Apollo for Color Television"
1426:"The search for the Apollo 11 TV Tapes"
1400:"The Honeysuckle Creek Super 8 footage"
1366:from the original on September 24, 2015
1340:from the original on September 24, 2015
1316:from the original on September 23, 2014
1047:
881:
845:
586:
561:
518:
494:
1642:"NASA hopes archives have map to Moon"
1549:SPACE.com Staff (September 28, 2010).
1255:from the original on November 22, 2013
942:
940:
869:
857:
833:
809:
177:. These SSTV signals were received by
1640:Wheeler, Larry (September 24, 2006).
1624:. Salt Lake City, Utah: Clavius.org.
1604:from the original on October 14, 2013
1577:. Burlington, Ontario: Apogee Books.
1444:Nafzger, Richard (November 2, 2009),
1432:from the original on December 2, 2014
1161:Barry, Carolyn (September 30, 2010).
1083:
477:British television Apollo 11 coverage
135:at the start of the first lunar EVA (
49:(SSTV) telecast in its raw format on
7:
2526:50th Anniversary commemorative coins
1965:Astronauts talk with President Nixon
1843:from the original on October 2, 2014
1761:COSMOS and The Science of Everything
1719:from the original on October 2, 2014
1628:from the original on January 3, 2012
1495:Perlman, Robert Z. (July 17, 2009).
1473:"Search for Missing Recordings Ends"
1471:O'Neil, James E. (August 6, 2009c).
1285:from the original on October 2, 2014
1204:from the original on October 2, 2014
1143:COSMOS and The Science of Everything
1137:Amalfi, Carmelo (November 1, 2006).
716:
701:
613:
483:Lunar Orbiter Image Recovery Project
1803:O'Neil, James E. (July 21, 2009b).
1755:Letton, Andrew (October 26, 2010).
1460:from the original on August 2, 2014
1412:from the original on March 15, 2016
1328:Macey, Richard (August 17, 2006b).
1114:"Exclusive moonwalk video revealed"
431:NASA held a news conference at the
53:data tape at the time of the first
41:were those that were recorded from
1779:O'Neil, James E. (July 6, 2009a).
1561:from the original on July 27, 2014
1507:from the original on July 27, 2014
1304:Macey, Richard (August 5, 2006a).
1298:, published by McGraw Hill (1967).
1251:(Press release). Washington, D.C.
1231:from the original on July 26, 2014
14:
1945:Restored video in various formats
1896:from the original on May 12, 2013
1537:from the original on May 12, 2012
1519:Sarkissian, John (May 21, 2006).
973:Theresa Waldrop (July 23, 2019).
907:from the original on May 7, 2022.
366:published a story with the title
1734:"The Color War goes to the Moon"
1573:Steven-Boniecki, Dwight (2010).
1428:. Sydney: honeysucklecreek.net.
1405:. Sydney: honeysucklecreek.net.
1359:. Sydney: honeysucklecreek.net.
1219:Hansen, Kathryn (October 2006).
999:Devin Coldewey (July 22, 2019).
506:create one complete video frame.
335:film and NTSC broadcast-quality
285:
276:
2778:Apollo Lunar Sounder Experiment
1186:Coan, Paul M. (November 1973),
479:, much of which is also missing
413:General Services Administration
2603:"Houston, we've had a problem"
2092:Cape Kennedy Air Force Station
1939:Restored post-conversion video
1732:Lebar, Stanley (Summer 1997).
16:Lost NASA telemetry data tapes
1:
2846:Stolen and missing Moon rocks
2619:Modular Equipment Transporter
1025:Halina Loft (June 28, 2019).
337:two-inch quadruplex videotape
1856:Sarkissian, John M. (2001).
1830:Apollo Lunar Surface Journal
1706:Apollo Lunar Surface Journal
1666:Apollo Lunar Surface Journal
1276:Apollo Lunar Surface Journal
1195:Apollo Lunar Surface Journal
1112:AG Staff (October 6, 2010).
947:Ed Komenda (July 23, 2019).
356:Search for the missing tapes
2783:Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey
2107:Manned Space Flight Network
1682:Attivissimo, Paolo (2013).
1249:NASA Press Release Archives
372:Goddard Space Flight Center
2906:
2166:Command and Service Module
2068:
1928:Comparison of four sources
1924:– CSIRO Parkes Observatory
1029:(Press release). Sotheby's
626:Lebar & Hoffman (1967)
2859:
2024:List of Apollo astronauts
2007:
1916:Honeysuckle Creek station
1688:. Lulu. pp. 155–56.
1424:MacKellar, Colin (2009).
1398:MacKellar, Colin (2008).
1378:MacKellar, Colin (2006).
1352:MacKellar, Colin (2005).
1334:The Sydney Morning Herald
1310:The Sydney Morning Herald
363:The Sydney Morning Herald
57:in 1969 and subsequently
1741:Invention and Technology
1618:"Technology: TV Quality"
1528:CSIRO Parkes Observatory
1453:, Washington, DC: NASA,
1294:Originally published in
1169:. Sydney. Archived from
1120:. Sydney. Archived from
1060:Jacobs & Hess (2009)
467:was the guest of honor.
445:Johns Hopkins University
397:Perth, Western Australia
224:Video signal processing
137:Extravehicular Activity
39:Apollo 11 missing tapes
2841:Lunar orbit rendezvous
2702:Postal covers incident
2692:Hadley Rille meteorite
2566:Bench Crater meteorite
2087:Mission Control Center
1072:SPACE.com Staff (2010)
747:Steven-Boniecki (2010)
653:Steven-Boniecki (2010)
140:
34:
2511:Lunar sample displays
1950:Armstrong down ladder
1918:– Main search website
1781:"TV's Longest Remote"
1616:Windley, Jay (2011).
1575:Live TV From the Moon
1167:Australian Geographic
1118:Australian Geographic
385:On November 1, 2006,
376:Constellation program
175:progressively scanned
127:
24:
2761:Lunar sample display
2751:Nansen-Apollo crater
2178:Lunar Roving Vehicle
2154:Spacecraft and rover
2102:Kennedy Space Center
1685:Moon Hoax: Debunked!
1652:on October 16, 2006.
953:Reno Gazette-Journal
457:Johnson Space Center
427:NASA news conference
421:Johnson Space Center
347:In 2005, an amateur
327:NTSC broadcast tapes
47:slow-scan television
2624:Fra Mauro formation
2585:Streptococcus mitis
2097:Crawler-transporter
1960:Setting up the flag
1877:2001PASA...18..287S
1815:on October 19, 2013
1791:on October 19, 2013
1659:"Apollo Television"
1657:Wood, Bill (2005),
1483:on October 19, 2013
251:magnetic data tapes
2766:Lunar basalt 70017
2727:Apollo 17 specific
2711:Apollo 16 specific
2643:Apollo 15 specific
2612:Apollo 14 specific
2596:Apollo 13 specific
2542:Apollo 12 specific
2533:In popular culture
2501:Little West crater
2468:Apollo 11 specific
1955:Aldrin down ladder
1600:. Washington, DC.
1124:on October 9, 2010
924:The Sacramento Bee
732:Von Baldegg (2012)
267:Ampex HS-100 model
183:Parkes Observatory
141:
105:Super 8 movie film
35:
29:, photographed at
2870:
2869:
2506:Goodwill messages
2445:Apollo 8 specific
2440:
2439:
2161:Apollo spacecraft
2080:Ground facilities
2050:Launch Complex 39
2045:Launch Complex 37
2040:Launch Complex 34
2017:canceled missions
1695:978-1-291-59157-6
1622:Moon Base Clavius
1584:978-1-926592-16-9
1386:on August 1, 2016
903:. July 15, 2019.
824:, pp. 11–12.
822:Sarkissian (2006)
719:, pp. 22–24.
683:Sarkissian (2006)
668:Sarkissian (2006)
602:Sarkissian (2006)
504:interlaced fields
402:On July 6, 2019,
393:Curtin University
202:Honeysuckle Creek
31:Honeysuckle Creek
2897:
2773:Troctolite 76535
2676:Fallen Astronaut
2655:Lunar operations
2491:Tranquility Base
2398:Pad Abort Test-2
2378:Pad Abort Test-1
2191:
2074:
2033:Launch complexes
2012:List of missions
1994:
1987:
1980:
1971:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1895:
1888:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1842:
1835:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1767:on July 20, 2014
1751:
1749:
1747:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1718:
1711:
1699:
1669:
1663:
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1536:
1525:
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1513:
1512:
1491:
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1466:
1465:
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1440:
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1437:
1420:
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1411:
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1394:
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1374:
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1260:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1192:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1173:on July 21, 2014
1157:
1155:
1154:
1149:on July 22, 2014
1133:
1131:
1129:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1081:
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837:
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819:
813:
807:
801:
798:MacKellar (2006)
795:
789:
786:MacKellar (2008)
783:
777:
774:MacKellar (2005)
771:
765:
762:MacKellar (2009)
759:
750:
744:
735:
729:
720:
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686:
680:
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638:MacKellar (2005)
635:
629:
623:
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611:
605:
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584:
565:
559:
548:
542:
507:
499:
417:Lamar University
289:
280:
194:tracking station
179:radio telescopes
169:in a monochrome
167:Apollo TV camera
110:Washington, D.C.
33:on July 21, 1969
27:Apollo TV camera
2905:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2866:
2855:
2829:
2795:
2787:
2735:The Blue Marble
2722:
2706:
2697:Seatbelt basalt
2670:Hadley–Apennine
2665:Return to Earth
2660:Solo operations
2638:
2607:
2591:
2559:Surveyor crater
2549:Statio Cognitum
2537:
2475:Command Module
2463:
2459:Genesis reading
2436:
2407:
2359:
2320:Saturn-Apollo 1
2312:
2306:
2235:
2182:
2149:
2116:Launch vehicles
2111:
2075:
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2003:
1998:
1912:
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1675:Further reading
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1107:
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1096:AG Staff (2010)
1094:
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901:The Independent
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745:
738:
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723:
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708:
704:, pp. 5–6.
700:
689:
681:
674:
666:
659:
651:
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632:
624:
620:
616:, pp. 1–2.
612:
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451:videotape from
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230:scan conversion
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90:Landsat program
69:scan conversion
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2001:Apollo program
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1910:External links
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846:Wheeler (2006)
838:
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749:, p. 130.
736:
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642:
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2521:Anniversaries
2519:
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2516:Missing tapes
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2499:
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2496:Double crater
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2123:Little Joe II
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1646:Florida Today
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1080:
1077:
1073:
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1065:
1061:
1056:
1053:
1050:, p. 14.
1049:
1044:
1041:
1028:
1021:
1018:
1006:
1002:
995:
992:
980:
976:
969:
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870:Amalfi (2006)
866:
863:
859:
858:Hansen (2006)
854:
851:
847:
842:
839:
835:
834:Macey (2006b)
830:
827:
823:
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815:
811:
810:Macey (2006a)
806:
803:
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604:, p. 14.
603:
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583:
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130:Lunar Module
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2687:Great Scott
2587:on the Moon
2583:Reports of
2577:Moon Museum
2365:Abort tests
2313:development
1847:October 20,
1746:October 18,
1723:October 20,
1296:ELECTRONICS
717:Wood (2005)
702:Wood (2005)
614:Coan (1973)
465:Buzz Aldrin
263:framebuffer
156:multiplexed
152:Buzz Aldrin
2885:Lost works
2879:Categories
2629:Big Bertha
2554:Surveyor 3
1900:2013-10-17
1819:2013-10-18
1795:2013-10-18
1771:2014-07-15
1632:2011-12-09
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1541:2013-10-15
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1416:2016-07-05
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1235:2014-07-15
1208:2013-10-20
1153:2014-07-16
1005:TechCrunch
514:References
409:US dollars
316:resolution
312:brightness
259:interlaced
218:conversion
198:California
120:Background
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2890:Apollo 11
2718:Big Muley
2634:Moon tree
2453:Earthrise
2302:Apollo 17
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2272:Apollo 11
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2138:Saturn IB
1555:Space.com
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320:pool feed
191:Goldstone
187:Australia
144:Apollo 11
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51:telemetry
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2477:Columbia
2355:Apollo 6
2350:Apollo 4
2262:Apollo 9
2257:Apollo 8
2252:Apollo 7
2247:Apollo 1
2231:Apollo 6
2226:Apollo 5
2221:Apollo 4
2194:Uncrewed
2143:Saturn V
2133:Saturn I
1891:Archived
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905:Archived
471:See also
453:CBS News
308:contrast
2834:Related
2650:Journey
2415:flights
2413:Pegasus
2187:Flights
1873:Bibcode
1128:July 6,
1105:Sources
433:Newseum
349:Super 8
71:to the
2803:Skylab
2571:J002E3
2432:AS-105
2427:AS-104
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248:analog
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2403:A-004
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489:Notes
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