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As the continents collided, the rock material trapped in-between was crushed and forced upward. With nowhere to go, rocks along the eastern margin of the North
American continent were shoved far inland (the same occurred in the opposite direction along the margin of the African continent, forming the
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The immense region involved in the continental collision, the vast temporal length of the orogeny, and the thickness of the pile of sediments and igneous rocks known to have been involved are evidence that at the peak of the mountain-building process, the
Appalachians likely once reached elevations
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piled one on top of another, shortening the crust along the eastern edge of North
America in the North Carolina and Tennessee region by as much as 300 kilometres (200 mi). The relative amount of deformation gradually diminishes northward. The fold belt extends northward through
110:
34:
Location of the
Hercynian/Variscan/Alleghanian mountain chains in the Carboniferous period. Large labels are continents that joined during these orogenies. Present day coastlines in gray. Sutures are red.
331:"Tracking lower-to-mid-to-upper crustal deformation processes through time and space through three Paleozoic orogenies in the Southern Appalachians using dated metamorphic assemblages and faults"
262:. Thus, the coastal plain and Piedmont are largely the byproducts of erosion that took place from 150+ million years ago to the present. Sediments that were carried westward formed the
206:. The influence of Alleghanian deformation on the regions east of the Valley and Ridge Province must have been even more intense; however, there is little evidence preserved. Rocks of
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period. The orogeny was caused by Africa's collision with North
America. At the time, these continents did not exist in their current forms: North America was part of the
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that ran perpendicular to the direction of forces. The greatest amount of deformation associated with the
Alleghanian orogeny occurred in the Southern Appalachians (
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mountains of
Morocco. The Anti-Atlas have been geologically uplifted in relatively recent times and are today much more rugged than their Alleghanian relatives.
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of North
America, forming a wide and high mountain chain. Evidence for the Alleghanian orogeny stretches for many hundreds of kilometres on the surface from
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142:). Close to the boundary between the colliding plates, tectonic stresses contributed to the metamorphism of the rock (i.e. the transformation of
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plateaux. Although people living in those respective areas sometimes refer to them as mountains, they are more accurately
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and can be traced further subsurface to the southwest. In the north, the
Alleghanian deformation extends northeast to
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361:"The Alleghanian deformational sequence at the foreland junction of the Central and Southern Appalachians"
101:. Subsequent erosion wore down the mountain chain and spread sediments both to the east and to the west.
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occurred approximately 325 million to 260 million years ago over at least five deformation events in the
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Major fault at the dividing line between the
Allegheny Plateau and the true Appalachian Mountains (
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developed in addition to the folds. As the two continents collided, large belts of rock bounded by
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A portion of the Alleghanian mountain system departed with Africa when Pangaea broke up and the
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From Rodinia to Pangea: The Lithotectonic Record of the Appalachian Region, GSA Memoir 206
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in northwestern New Jersey mark the northeasternmost extension of the high ridges of the
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but in our time are eroded into only a small remnant: the heavily eroded hills of the
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The mountains formed by the Alleghanian orogeny were once rugged and high during the
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The Alleghanian orogeny, a result of three separate continental collisions. USGS
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363:. In Tollo, R.P.; Bartholomew, M.J.; Hibbard, J.P.; Karabinos, P.M. (eds.).
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Mountain-forming event that formed the Appalachian and Allegheny Mountains
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is one of the geological mountain-forming events that formed the
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The Geological Evolution of Virginia and the Mid-Atlantic Region
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526:"Cross Section K, The Late Paleozoic Alleghanian Orogeny"
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Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs
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The Historic Cumberland Plateau: An Explorer's Guide
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Geology of National Parks, 3D and Photographic Tours
367:. Geological Society of America. pp. 431–454.
58:was originally proposed by H.P. Woodward in 1957.
488:NYC Regional Province: Valley and Ridge Province
337:. Geological Society of America. Archived from
407:Geology of Manassas National Battlefield Park
8:
218:age are missing along the Eastern Seaboard.
81:. This collision formed the super-continent
547:. University of Tennessee Press. p. 6.
194:and gradually fades in the vicinity of the
359:Bartholomew, M.J.; Whitaker, A.E. (2010).
77:super-continent, while Africa was part of
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449:"Geology of the Great Smoky Mountains"
254:that were carried eastward formed the
281:began to form. Today, this forms the
181:). In that region, a series of great
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427:"The Mountains That Froze the World"
157:The sedimentary rock in the eastern
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480: This article incorporates
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399: This article incorporates
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493:United States Geological Survey
425:Berardelli, Phil (2009-11-02).
161:region was squeezed into great
310:Inliers and outliers (geology)
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272:uplifted and eroded plateaux
580:Carboniferous North America
532:. James Madison University.
295:Geology of the Appalachians
616:
565:Orogenies of North America
232:Williamsport, Pennsylvania
524:Fichter, Lynn S. (1999).
300:Central Pangean Mountains
204:Valley and Ridge Province
126:before they were eroded.
590:Geology of North America
118:similar to those of the
54:. The term and spelling
570:Carboniferous orogenies
543:Manning, Russ (1999).
482:public domain material
451:. USGS. Archived from
433:. AAAS. Archived from
401:public domain material
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595:Appalachian Mountains
585:Permian North America
412:National Park Service
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105:Continental collision
48:Appalachian Mountains
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513:. USGS. 21 Aug 2013.
200:Kittatinny Mountains
600:Allegheny Mountains
52:Allegheny Mountains
44:Appalachian orogeny
40:Alleghanian orogeny
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222:Subsequent erosion
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18:Appalachian Orogen
575:Permian orogenies
507:"Mesozoic Basins"
260:continental shelf
159:Appalachian Basin
56:Alleghany orogeny
16:(Redirected from
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258:and part of the
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138:and the western
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61:The Alleghanian
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329:Hatcher, R.D.
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198:border. The
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99:Newfoundland
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559:Categories
459:2012-04-04
345:2012-01-23
316:References
283:Anti-Atlas
268:Cumberland
95:New Jersey
75:Euramerica
380:24 August
264:Allegheny
252:Sediments
244:Paleozoic
242:and late
171:Tennessee
289:See also
248:Piedmont
240:Mesozoic
196:New York
175:Virginia
122:and the
79:Gondwana
216:Permian
144:igneous
136:Morocco
91:Alabama
83:Pangaea
71:Permian
63:orogeny
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214:, and
183:faults
177:, and
140:Sahara
484:from
403:from
163:folds
150:into
382:2021
369:ISBN
266:and
146:and
120:Alps
50:and
38:The
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
