28:
108:
184:
bailiffs and drove them out of the land. Following unsuccessful negotiations
Appenzell and St. Gallen entered into a treaty. The treaty between St. Gallen and Appenzell marked a break between the abbot and his estates. Perhaps fearing the Habsburgs, in 1402 the League expelled Appenzell. During the same year, St. Gallen reached an agreement with the abbot and Appenzell could no longer count on St. Gallen's support.
234:
410:. Following the battle, in 1429 Appenzell was forced to repay the owed taxes but was granted freedom from the obligations in the future. This treaty represented the end of Appenzell's last financial tie to the Abbey of St. Gall, and a movement towards closer relationship with the Swiss Confederation.
183:
Following increasing conflicts between the
Appenzellers and the abbot's agents, including the bailiff of Appenzell demanding that a dead body be dug up because he wanted the man's clothes, the Appenzellers planned an uprising. On a certain day, throughout the abbot's lands, they attacked the
257:
on the border of
Appenzell and there met the Appenzell army. Following a brutal battle, the Austrian army was forced to retreat. The story that the Austrians retreated when they saw a second Appenzeller army, which was actually the women of Appenzell who had come to help their husbands and
208:
and outside the village of Vögelinsegg met the
Appenzell army. A small force of about 80 Appenzellers started the attack from a hill over the valley, with about 300 soldiers from Schwyz and 200 from Glarus moving around the flanks of the army. When the League's
373:
As part of the peace treaty, the abbot gave up his ownership of
Appenzell, but was still owned certain taxes. However, it wasn't until 1410 that the area was at peace. In 1411, Appenzell signed a defensive treaty with the entire Swiss Confederation (except
199:
provided less support, but authorized any citizen who wished to support
Appenzell to do so. In response, the League raised an army and marched to St. Gallen before heading toward Appenzell. In May 1403, the abbot's and the League's troops marched toward
170:
became Prince-Abbot of St. Gall. Soon he reached an agreement with
Appenzell, who had initially refused to pay him homage, and the city of St. Gallen. In 1392, Kuno, whose rule became increasingly authoritarian, formed an alliance with the
277:
shook the foundation of
Austrian power in the Lake Constance region. By 1406 they had taken more than 60 castles and destroyed 30. During the expansion, Appenzell had even captured the abbot of St Gall and in response they were
133:") had been under the personal control of the abbot of St. Gall. While the Prince-Abbot appointed agents or bailiffs, the communities in Appenzell were governed by a council appointed by the
386:
In the following years, Appenzell refused to pay the taxes that they owed the Abbey of St. Gall. In 1421, the
Confederation supported the abbot over the matter of these taxes, and multiple
398:, supported by the Order of St. George's Shield marched into Appenzell. On 2 December 1428 they encountered and defeated the Appenzell army behind a heavy fortification (known as a
704:
607:
378:), which strengthened their independence from the abbot, joining the Confederation as an "associate member" (it wouldn't become a full member until 1513).
151:, taxes, and tithes were causing concern for both parties. Both the abbot and Appenzell wanted to protect their rights and interests by joining the new
175:, which was renewed in 1402. In response, in 1401 Appenzell entered into an alliance with the city of St. Gallen to protect their rights and freedoms.
88:
147:, against the aristocratic Habsburgs encouraged the Appenzell citizens to consider throwing off the Abbot's agents. By the 1360s, conflicts over
117:
in
Appenzell, 2005. The direct representation of the Landsgemeinde conflicted with the autocratic government of the Abbey and the Habsburgs
644:
582:
518:
449:
253:, in support of the abbot. He provided the abbot with two Austrian armies to attack Appenzell. On 17 June 1405, the main army marched into
213:
charged up the hill, they met 2000 Appenzellers and were forced to retreat. During the retreat, about 600 horsemen and many of the 5000
679:
395:
689:
684:
694:
261:
Following the Appenzell victory at Stoss Pass, they formed an alliance with the city of St. Gallen, which was known as the
249:. Additionally, over the next two years, the city of St. Gallen and Appenzell drew closer, which led to an intervention by
601:
250:
350:, when their troops were defeated and driven back from the walls. Following the defeat Appenzell was unable to hold the
714:
390:
were imposed on Appenzell to try to force them to pay. When these were unsuccessful, in 1426 they were placed under an
297:
expanded the Austrians used the peace to regain their strength. On 11 September 1406 an association of nobles formed a
699:
358:
together. The city of St. Gallen and the canton of Schwyz each paid off the Austrians to avoid an attack, and the
709:
674:
669:
664:
152:
27:
342:
troops marched against the Order and Austrian troops outside the city. The attack was a disaster for the
155:. Appenzell was admitted into the League in 1377, on the condition of being subordinate to the cities of
303:
205:
192:
140:
92:
187:
Appenzell declared itself ready to stand against the abbot, and in 1403 formed an alliance with the
283:
242:
201:
308:
600:
403:
544:
367:
167:
81:
73:
188:
172:
107:
298:
279:
45:
33:
269:("alliance over the lake", referring to the nearby Lake Constance). The creation of the
375:
246:
122:
658:
596:
135:
113:
96:
387:
77:
637:
631:
625:
575:
569:
563:
61:
57:
511:
505:
499:
442:
436:
430:
611:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 250, 254.
254:
156:
65:
91:. It resulted in greater autonomy for Appenzell and its association with the
17:
391:
218:
69:
53:
314:("Order of St. George's Shield") to oppose the rebellious commoners of the
233:
214:
160:
148:
64:
groups, such as the farmers of Appenzell or the craftsmen of the city of
258:
brothers, only appears in later sources and is not considered accurate.
407:
331:
210:
196:
52:) were a series of conflicts that lasted from 1401 until 1429 in the
638:
632:
626:
399:
232:
222:
130:
106:
26:
241:
Appenzell continued its incursions into the abbot's lands in the
512:
506:
500:
31:
The Battle of Vögelinsegg, 15 May 1403. Illustration in the
237:
A memorial on the site of the Battle of Stoss Pass in 1405
195:
that had defeated the Austrians in the previous century.
217:
were killed by the Appenzell army. The League signed an
139:, in which every citizen could vote. The success of the
549:. Vol. 16. Hooper & Jackson. pp. 581–583.
576:
570:
564:
602:"Switzerland/History/Shaking off the Empire"
443:
437:
431:
8:
360:
352:
344:
336:
324:
316:
291:
271:
263:
204:. On 15 May 1403, they entered the pass to
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
705:15th century in the Old Swiss Confederacy
419:
89:popular revolts in late-medieval Europe
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489:
487:
485:
483:
481:
479:
60:. The wars consisted of uprisings of
477:
475:
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
459:
95:, of which it would become a member (
7:
645:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
583:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
546:The Historians' History of the World
519:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
450:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
87:The conflict was one of a number of
68:, against the traditional medieval
396:Frederick VII, Count of Toggenburg
25:
225:, but the peace was short lived.
129:means "cell (i.e. estate) of the
543:Williams, Henry Smith (1908).
1:
334:in 1407. On 13 January 1408
251:Frederick IV, Duke of Austria
622:Order of St. George's Shield
731:
680:Wars involving Switzerland
496:Appenzell Wars (1401-1429)
322:. The order besieged the
153:Swabian League of Cities
690:Wars of the Middle Ages
608:Encyclopædia Britannica
402:) on the field between
121:Appenzell (the name in
685:Wars involving Austria
366:was dissolved by King
361:
353:
345:
337:
325:
317:
292:
272:
264:
238:
126:
118:
49:
37:
695:History of Vorarlberg
236:
193:Old Swiss Confederacy
110:
93:Old Swiss Confederacy
56:region of modern-day
30:
715:Abbey of Saint Gall
289:However, while the
284:Bishop of Constance
141:Swiss Confederation
72:represented by the
304:Sankt Jörgenschild
239:
229:Course of the wars
221:with Appenzell at
191:, a member of the
119:
50:Appenzeller Kriege
38:
700:History of Swabia
560:Kuno von Stoffeln
370:on 4 April 1408.
168:Kuno von Stoffeln
82:Abbey of St. Gall
74:House of Habsburg
16:(Redirected from
722:
649:
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628:
619:
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612:
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364:
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189:Canton of Schwyz
173:Duchy of Austria
21:
730:
729:
725:
724:
723:
721:
720:
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710:Peasant revolts
675:1420s conflicts
670:1410s conflicts
665:1400s conflicts
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654:
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616:
595:
594:
590:
558:
554:
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541:
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306:
265:Bund ob dem See
231:
181:
143:, with similar
105:
70:power structure
34:Spiezer Chronik
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
728:
726:
718:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
657:
656:
651:
650:
642:in the online
614:
599:, ed. (1911).
597:Chisholm, Hugh
588:
580:in the online
552:
524:
516:in the online
455:
447:in the online
427:Appenzell Wars
418:
417:
415:
412:
383:
380:
299:knightly order
280:excommunicated
247:Lake Constance
230:
227:
180:
177:
145:Landsgemeinden
104:
101:
42:Appenzell Wars
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
727:
716:
713:
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708:
706:
703:
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678:
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647:
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635:
629:
623:
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609:
603:
598:
592:
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531:
529:
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451:
446:
440:
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428:
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405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
388:imperial bans
381:
379:
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365:
363:
357:
355:
349:
347:
341:
339:
333:
329:
327:
321:
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310:
305:
301:known as the
300:
296:
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185:
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158:
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146:
142:
138:
137:
136:Landsgemeinde
132:
128:
127:abbatis cella
124:
116:
115:
114:Landsgemeinde
109:
102:
100:
98:
94:
90:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
36:
35:
29:
19:
18:Appenzell War
643:
621:
617:
606:
591:
581:
559:
555:
545:
517:
495:
448:
426:
422:
385:
372:
359:
351:
343:
335:
323:
315:
302:
290:
288:
270:
262:
260:
243:Rhine valley
240:
186:
182:
165:
144:
134:
120:
112:
86:
78:Prince-Abbot
41:
39:
32:
307: [
245:and around
99:) in 1513.
62:cooperative
58:Switzerland
659:Categories
414:References
382:Conclusion
255:Stoss Pass
157:St. Gallen
103:Background
66:St. Gallen
392:interdict
219:armistice
166:In 1379,
54:Appenzell
330:city of
215:infantry
206:Speicher
179:Outbreak
161:Konstanz
149:mortmain
76:and the
639:Italian
577:Italian
513:Italian
444:Italian
408:Herisau
332:Bregenz
282:by the
211:cavalry
80:of the
633:French
627:German
571:French
565:German
507:French
501:German
438:French
432:German
404:Gossau
368:Rupert
202:Trogen
197:Glarus
97:canton
46:German
400:letzi
311:]
223:Arbon
131:abbot
123:Latin
636:and
624:in
574:and
562:in
510:and
498:in
441:and
429:in
406:and
376:Bern
362:Bund
354:Bund
346:Bund
338:Bund
326:Bund
318:Bund
293:Bund
273:Bund
163:.
159:and
40:The
661::
630:,
605:.
568:,
527:^
504:,
458:^
435:,
394:,
309:de
286:.
125::
111:A
84:.
48::
648:.
586:.
522:.
453:.
44:(
20:)
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