427:
150:
336:
419:
280:
240:
52:
326:
A gritstone altar dedicated to
Arnemetia (Arnomecta) was found in 1903 in the strong room of Navio fort's Principia (headquarters building). The inscription on the altar says "To the goddess Arnomecta, Aelius Motio gladly, willingly, and deservedly fulfilled his vow." The altar is also on display in
247:
An ancient Celtic temple, at the site of the Bath
Gardens, was described in 1755 as having an octagonal base and a feint inscription appearing as 'Aeona'. It was concluded that the temple was dedicated to either Epona (goddess of horses) or more appropriately Apona (goddess of healing waters). When
200:
The geothermal spring rises from about 1 km below ground and about a million litres of water flow out per day. The mineral water emerges at a steady 27 °C. Analysis of the water has indicated that it has a high magnesium content and that it originated around 5,000 years ago.
315:
Numerous Roman remains were also discovered in 1811 on the site of Buxton's Town Hall, when it was built at the north end of the market place. Close to the Town Hall, Roman floor slabs were found in the cellar of 3 Hall Bank in 2006 and large Roman masonry is exposed in 8A Hall Bank.
434:
Navio fort guarded the route northwest to the larger fort of
Melandra. The large inscribed Centurial stone found at Navio in 1903 dates from the rebuilding of the fort in 154 BC by occupying soldiers from southwest France. The Centurial stone is on display in the Buxton Museum.
228:. At the same time Rooke also documented details of the base of a temple in the same area, overlooking the site of the baths and springs. The temple was dedicated to the water deity Arnemetia. It had a shrine room set on a rectangular podium, with a columned
411:
from these two northbound rounds have been identified and excavated. There was also a Roman Road (Margary Number 713) between Buxton and Leek (which may be the Roman town of
Chesterton) whose course joins the present A53 road towards Leek at Morridge Top.
181:
building that was constructed next to the hotel. Near to the site of the main spring, excavations in 2005 revealed the entry passage and doorways to the Roman baths. During this construction work, a wall believed to be the side of a
169:) were the only two Roman bath towns in Britain. The Romans built a bath at the location of the main thermal spring. In the late 17th-century Cornelius White operated bathing facilities at the hot spring at the site of the
287:
A Roman milestone was discovered in 1862 in the
Silverlands district of Buxton. It is the oldest inscribed milestone found in Derbyshire. The inscription is ‘TRIB POT COS II P P A NAVIONE M P XI’ which means ‘With the
387:) ran to Aquae Arnemetiae, followed in places today by the modern A515 road to the south of Buxton. The Street is still the name of the road in the Upper Goyt Valley that may have connected Buxton with
399:(Derby) Roman road. It is further inscribed: "Huius viae curam curatores viarum non susceperunt". This translates as "The road menders have not taken care of this road". Roman roads also led north to
415:
The convergence of roads upon Aquae
Armetiae, led Edward Tristram in 1916 to deduce the possible location of a fort in the town to the south of the market place by the current Bath Road.
189:
The main spring was excavated in the 1970s and a hoard of 232 Roman coins was found, spanning 300 years of the Roman occupation of
Britain. Coins would have been thrown into the
395:). There is plaque in a stone wall by The Street road near Arbor Low (at OS map location SK 1649 6232). It is marked "Aquae Armentiae Derventio" indicating the Buxton to
753:
304:
in the
Silverlands area found various Roman artefacts including a silver coin, tiles, leather sandals, gritstone hearths, glassware and many fragments of fine
177:
hotel was built on the site in 1780, a Roman bath was identified and described as ‘a leaden cistern'. The bath is now buried beneath the
Crescent, next to the
985:
980:
727:
975:
236:(covered market with a central atrium) and floor mosaics were documented in 1860, on the west side of Buxton's market place near Fountain Street.
173:. In 1695 he discovered an ancient smooth stone bath (20m long by 7m wide) as well as a lead cistern (2m square) on an oak timber frame. When the
21:
74:. The settlement was based around its natural warm springs. The Roman occupation ran from around 75 AD to 410 AD. Today it is the town of
1000:
840:
502:
871:
711:
582:
93:
goddess of the sacred grove (the name
Arnemetia was derived from the Celtic for beside the sacred grove). The town was recorded as
835:
186:(exercise hall) was also uncovered. Between 2009 and 2012 further underground cisterns and a large iron cauldron were revealed.
101:'s list of all known places in the world in about 700 AD. The entry is between places with which the town had road connections:
995:
426:
598:
194:
267:
grinding stones, pottery, animal bones and jewellery. The potter's stamp of Sepuminus dates the pottery to 100-130 AD. A
149:
676:
623:
367:
Moor is a protected Scheduled Monument. This was an important route for access to sites of lead production in the
335:
193:
to seek the favour of the Gods. The coins and pieces of bronze jewellery found with them are on display in the
372:
253:
418:
279:
90:
380:
239:
781:
408:
98:
931:
312:(modern St Albans). The milestone and the other Roman items are on display in the Buxton Museum.
260:
225:
224:
uncovered a long section of the Roman town wall, which is now beneath the landscaped hillside of
110:
518:
867:
707:
578:
498:
388:
320:
263:. Excavations in the 1980s found the platforms of several buildings, walls, enclosure banks,
831:
360:
297:
106:
990:
376:
356:
305:
174:
543:
648:
396:
170:
162:
67:
969:
806:
454:
368:
300:
is by the present day village of Brough. In 1903, excavations by local archaeologist
249:
190:
71:
271:
tile found in the farm house demonstrates that it had an underfloor heating system.
51:
352:
221:
178:
308:
pottery. Pottery inscriptions indicate that they were made in 60-100 AD and from
348:
344:
264:
256:
in 1871 the 2,000 year-old temple was demolished and only the base now remains.
158:
309:
301:
217:
133:
79:
36:
23:
887:
404:
392:
371:. There is still a road called Batham Gate road heading east out of Buxton.
364:
268:
183:
121:
86:
319:
Roman coins and Romano-British bronze jewellery were also found in nearby
400:
233:
213:
166:
289:
229:
209:
125:
293:
75:
438:
OS maps still mark Buxton with its Roman name of Aquae Arnemetiae.
425:
417:
384:
334:
278:
238:
148:
50:
296:, father of this country. From Navio 11 miles.' The site of the
63:
351:(Old English for "road to the bath town") is a Roman road from
363:
and onto Buxton. Part of the route of this old Roman road on
283:
Inscription on Roman milestone found at Silverlands, Buxton
575:
Roman Buxton - A tourist guide to the town and spa baths
959:(Map). 1:25000. Explorer. Ordnance Survey. West sheet.
754:"THE ROMANO-BRITISH SETTLEMENT AT STADEN NEAR BUXTON"
407:
fort, near Glossop (Margary Number 71b). Sections of
343:
Aquae Arnemetiae was at the intersection of two main
259:
One mile south of the town there was a Roman farm at
16:
Town in Roman Britain on the site of Buxton, England
212:may have visited the town in 122 AD on his way to
888:"Geograph:: A plaque in the wall (C) Peter Barr"
599:"Roman Buxton – Enchanted Springs and Hot Baths"
153:Roman coins from the Buxton Hoard found in 1979
497:. Five Leaves Publications. pp. 134–163.
85:Aquae Arnemetiae means 'Waters of Arnemetia'.
8:
866:. Baracuda Books Limited. pp. 27–31.
339:Route of Batham Gate Road near Peak Forest
55:Buxton Thermal Baths in early 20th-century
912:Tristram, Edward (1916). "Roman Buxton".
232:at the front. The Roman floor plan of a
811:Pooles Cavern & Buxton Country Park
446:
704:Celtic Queen: The World of Cartimandua
624:"The Secrets of the Buxton Coin Hoard"
544:"The chequered history of a holy well"
519:"Britannia in the Ravenna Cosmography"
671:
669:
481:Dictionary of Celtic Myth and Legend.
422:Centurial Stone from Navio Roman Fort
7:
568:
566:
564:
483:Thames and Hudson Ltd, London, 1997.
430:Plaque by Buxton to Derby Roman Road
836:"Batham Gate, Roman road (1007051)"
124:, later called Melandra fort, near
841:National Heritage List for England
14:
986:Roman towns and cities in England
981:Hot springs of the United Kingdom
914:Derbyshire Archaeological Journal
243:Octagonal base of Temple of Apona
976:Ancient Roman baths in England
347:: Batham Gate and The Street.
1:
681:Buxton Museum and Art Gallery
455:"Coins from the Buxton Hoard"
782:"Roman Buxton – Silverlands"
936:www.wondersofthepeak.org.uk
786:www.wondersofthepeak.org.uk
732:www.wondersofthepeak.org.uk
628:www.wondersofthepeak.org.uk
603:www.wondersofthepeak.org.uk
1017:
677:"Sacred Waters and Altars"
1001:Roman sites in Derbyshire
761:Archaeology Data Service
493:Patterson, Mark (2016).
752:Makepeace, G A (1995).
706:. Amberley Publishing.
702:Armitage, Jill (2020).
548:www.whitedragon.org.uk
431:
423:
340:
284:
244:
154:
56:
996:History of Derbyshire
932:"The Stones of Navio"
653:www.groundwateruk.org
429:
421:
338:
282:
242:
179:Natural Mineral Baths
157:Aquae Arnemetiae and
152:
54:
957:OL24 White Peak area
862:Leach, John (1987).
649:"UK_thermal_springs"
523:www.kmatthews.org.uk
403:(Manchester) and to
892:www.geograph.org.uk
459:Wonders of the Peak
327:the Buxton Museum.
99:Ravenna Cosmography
33: /
864:The Book of Buxton
479:Miranda J. Green.
432:
424:
341:
285:
245:
155:
57:
573:Shepherd, Brian.
220:). In 1787 Major
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495:Roman Derbyshire
490:
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477:
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361:Navio Roman Fort
298:Navio Roman fort
292:'s power, twice
254:Pavilion Gardens
161:(modern town of
140:Roman settlement
107:Navio Roman fort
60:Aquae Arnemetiae
48:
47:
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38:
37:53.259°N 1.915°W
34:
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683:. 15 March 2019
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357:South Yorkshire
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252:remodelled the
210:Emperor Hadrian
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171:Buxton Old Hall
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728:"Roman Staden"
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504:978-1910170250
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397:Little Chester
377:Margary Number
355:Roman fort in
332:
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321:Poole's Cavern
276:
273:
206:
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146:
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95:Aquis Arnemeza
91:Romano-British
68:Roman province
42:53.259; -1.915
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369:Peak District
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250:Edward Milner
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195:Buxton Museum
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191:sacred waters
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939:. Retrieved
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895:. Retrieved
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845:. Retrieved
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814:. Retrieved
810:
807:"Archeology"
801:
789:. Retrieved
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735:. Retrieved
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685:. Retrieved
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551:. Retrieved
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526:. Retrieved
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463:. Retrieved
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353:Templebrough
342:
331:Surroundings
325:
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286:
258:
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222:Hayman Rooke
208:
199:
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156:
129:
117:
114:
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94:
84:
82:in England.
62:was a small
59:
58:
18:
461:. June 2007
349:Batham Gate
345:Roman roads
159:Aquae Sulis
40: /
970:Categories
442:References
379:71a) from
373:The Street
310:Verulamium
302:Micah Salt
226:The Slopes
218:Shrewsbury
134:Manchester
118:Zerdotalia
80:Derbyshire
25:53°15′32″N
920:: 84–104.
393:Northwich
381:Derventio
365:Tideswell
323:in 1865.
269:hypocaust
184:palaestra
122:Ardotalia
87:Arnemetia
72:Britannia
28:1°54′54″W
528:27 April
465:11 March
405:Melandra
401:Mamucium
234:macellum
214:Wroxeter
175:Crescent
167:Somerset
89:was the
941:4 April
897:8 April
847:4 April
816:4 April
791:4 April
766:4 April
737:4 April
687:4 April
658:4 April
633:4 April
608:4 April
553:4 April
391:(Roman
389:Condate
290:tribune
275:Remains
230:portico
126:Glossop
103:Nauione
97:in the
66:in the
991:Buxton
870:
710:
581:
501:
375:road (
306:Samian
294:consul
261:Staden
130:Mantio
128:) and
111:Brough
76:Buxton
757:(PDF)
409:agger
385:Derby
359:past
265:quern
145:Baths
943:2020
899:2020
868:ISBN
849:2020
818:2020
793:2020
768:2020
739:2020
708:ISBN
689:2020
660:2020
635:2020
610:2020
579:ISBN
555:2020
530:2020
499:ISBN
467:2023
205:Town
163:Bath
64:town
165:in
136:).
109:at
70:of
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