31:
1464:, or CAA. Animal studies have found that the severity of CAA increases or decreases depending on aquaporin-4 expression. When there is an decrease in AQP4, CAA severity increases and vice versa; it is not known what causes changes in AQP4 expression levels, nor whether this is part of the disease process or an effort of the brain to adapt. In animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, AQP4 is overexpressed in the brainstem, cortex, and gray matter of the spinal cord which results in swollen astrocytes; the reason for this is not understood.
321:
298:
1291:. The assembly of AQP4 monomers into tetramers is similar to other aquaporin channels. In addition, AQP4 has two distinct structural isoforms located in the CNS: M1 and M23. Both form homo- and hetero-tetramers that are permeable to water. M23 isoforms are larger square arrays in the endfoot membranes of astrocytes compared to M1 isoforms, which are smaller and more unstable. The aquaporin-4 tetramers accumulate to transform into orthogonal arrays of particle (OAPs) in the cell plasma membrane.
195:
220:
1386:, NMO, is a rare demyelinating, inflammatory disorder of the CNS that primarily affects the optic nerves and spinal cord of individuals. Aquaporin-4 is the predominant autoimmune target in 2/3 neuromyelitis optica and higher AQP4 autoantibody levels are associated with the occurrence of optic neuritis (ON), however serum AQP4-IgG titer only moderately reflects disease activity, severity, or neurological prognosis. Specific AQP4
327:
226:
1413:. The primary treatment for individuals with hydrocephaly is through the implementation of mechanical shunts into the ventricles to drain the excess fluid. With further research into the role of AQP4, it may be possible to modify the human body's system of upregulation of these channels to help in the reabsorption of CSF without the need to use physically invasive treatments.
48:
1357:
Aquaporin-4's overall function is to provide fast water transportation as well as maintain homeostatic balance within the central nervous system. This channel can transport water up to speeds of 3E9 molecules per second. It is the primary water channel protein that reconciles the homeostasis of water
1456:
that occurs following an injury like TBI or stroke and around brain tumors. In comparison with wild-type mice, double knockout mice exhibited different diseases course post brain injury. It indicated reduced intracranial pressure, cell death, water accumulation, astrogliosis, and lesion volume. The
1262:
Aquaporin-4 was first identified in 1986. It was the first evidence of the existence of water transport channels. The method that was used to discover the existence of the transport channels was through knockout experiments. With this technique they were able to show the significant role of AQP4 in
1362:) and fine-tuning of potassium homeostasis. Water flowing into and out of the brain or spinal cord is assisted by AQP4. Here, AQP4 channels respond passively to osmotic gradients. In addition, they play a role in brain water transport, cell migration, brain edema, metabolism and cell homeostasis.
1369:
by recycling K. Another specific role AQP4 plays is to help odorant molecules bind to target receptors and binding proteins within olfactory epithelium. Within the retina, the role of AQP-4 is to maintain homeostasis. Aquaporin-4 is essential in the formation of memory as well as
74:
1303:. Additionally, AQP4 can also be located in epithelial cells of many organs throughout the human body, such as the kidney, intestine, salivary glands, sensory organs, and skeletal muscles. In these specific cases of epithelial cell expression, AQP4 is concentrated within the
2637:
Matsushita T, Matsuoka T, Isobe N, Kawano Y, Minohara M, Shi N, et al. (February 2009). "Association of the HLA-DPB1*0501 allele with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody positivity in
Japanese patients with idiopathic central nervous system demyelinating disorders".
1457:
expression of aquaporin 4 is reliant on the disease stage of TBI. In an acute stage of TBI, the lack of aquaporin 4 causes an decrease of excess water removal while for later stage TBI results in prevention of severe damage and swelling.
3268:
Kadohira I, Abe Y, Nuriya M, Sano K, Tsuji S, Arimitsu T, et al. (December 2008). "Phosphorylation in the C-terminal domain of
Aquaporin-4 is required for Golgi transition in primary cultured astrocytes".
1310:
Furthermore, AQP4 also plays a role in the supportive cells of sensory organs, such as the retina, inner ear, and olfactory epithelium. Within the retina, AQP4 is highly concentrated where the processes of
3119:
Matsushita T, Isobe N, Matsuoka T, Shi N, Kawano Y, Wu XM, et al. (July 2009). "Aquaporin-4 autoimmune syndrome and anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-negative opticospinal multiple sclerosis in
Japanese".
1470:
display cognition problems; there is disruption in memory consolidation as well as disruption between memory acquisition, spatial recognition, and memory of where an object was after it has been moved.
3202:
Baba T, Nakashima I, Kanbayashi T, Konno M, Takahashi T, Fujihara K, et al. (February 2009). "Narcolepsy as an initial manifestation of neuromyelitis optica with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody".
1398:
immunosuppressive drugs, immunomodulation, and plasma exchange. A recent serum antibody (anti-AQP4) has been detected for patients with NMO, which is currently used to diagnose this condition.
4161:
1334:. Specifically within the central nervous system (CNS), AQP4 can be found along the spinal cord and serves as the main water channel. The AQP4 channels are highly concentrated in the
5071:
1390:
autoantibody, or NMO-IgG, binds to the extracellular surface of AQP4. This binding provides an opening for the development of targeted therapeutics in NMO. Therapy options are
1374:. Other performances that aquaporin-4 is involved in are synaptic plasticity, astrocyte migration, regulation of extracellular space volume, and the homeostasis of potassium.
4806:
4058:
3991:
2952:
Nishiyama S, Ito T, Misu T, Takahashi T, Kikuchi A, Suzuki N, et al. (June 2009). "A case of NMO seropositive for aquaporin-4 antibody more than 10 years before onset".
1279:
consists of six helical, membrane-spanning domains and two short helical segments surrounding a narrow aqueous pore.” At the narrowest point the aqueous pore measures 2.8
334:
233:
1247:(CNS): AQP1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, and 11, but more exclusive representation of AQP1, 4, and 9 are found in the brain and spinal cord. AQP4 shows the largest presence in the
1341:
In the kidneys, AQP4 is primarily found in the inner medulla, and shows little to no presence in the outer medulla and cortex. It is constitutively expressed in the
2438:
Isobe N, Yonekawa T, Matsushita T, et al. (November 2012). "Quantitative assays for anti-aquaporin-4 antibody with subclass analysis in neuromyelitis optica".
3047:
Doi H, Matsushita T, Isobe N, Matsuoka T, Minohara M, Ochi H, Kira JI (March 2009). "Hypercomplementemia at relapse in patients with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody".
2263:
Terris, J.; Ecelbarger, C. A.; Marples, D.; Knepper, M. A.; Nielsen, S. (1995-12-01). "Distribution of aquaporin-4 water channel expression within rat kidney".
1299:
Aquaporin-4 is the most common aquaporin in the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve. It is highly expressed in the human body primarily at the end-feet of
846:
156:
1365:
Other systems are also regulated by AQP4. Within the inner ear, the main role is to provide osmotic balance in supporting epithelium cells within the
827:
5002:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
5007:
4105:
3377:
2481:
Isobe N, Yonekawa T, Matsushita T, et al. (May 2013). "Clinical relevance of serum aquaporin-4 antibody levels in neuromyelitis optica".
5608:
1547:
1263:
CNS injuries and brain water imbalances. In 1994 the channel was successfully cloned and initially named
Mercury-Insensitive Water Channel.
5059:
4240:
1529:
320:
71:
5613:
4957:
3978:
3394:
3239:
Xu H, Zhang Y, Wei W, Shen L, Wu W (January 2009). "Differential expression of aquaporin-4 in human gastric normal and cancer tissues".
1283:, just large enough for the single-file passage of water molecules. While each monomer is individually capable of water transport, the
4743:
1158:
3316:
2528:
Strand L, Moe SE, Solbu TT, Vaadal M, Holen T (June 2009). "Roles of aquaporin-4 isoforms and amino acids in square array assembly".
1165:
297:
1251:
and spinal cord grey matter. In the CNS, AQP4 is the most prevalent aquaporin channel, specifically located at the perimicrovessel
2101:"Aquaporin-4 water channel protein in the rat retina and optic nerve: polarized expression in MĂĽller cells and fibrous astrocytes"
2673:
1460:
In people who suffer from
Alzheimer's disease, amyloid plaques sometimes develop in brain arteries—a condition is referred to as
2915:
Ng WH, Hy JW, Tan WL, Liew D, Lim T, Ang BT, Ng I (March 2009). "Aquaporin-4 expression is increased in edematous meningiomas".
5336:
4335:
4113:
3429:
1516:
1495:
5358:
219:
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1512:
2340:"Hydrocephalus: the role of cerebral aquaporin-4 channels and computational modeling considerations of cerebrospinal fluid"
30:
5567:
3478:
3322:
1426:
1327:
1255:
foot processes, glia limitans, and ependyma. In addition, this channel is commonly found facilitating water movement near
3010:
Dibas AI, Mia AJ, Yorio T (December 1998). "Aquaporins (water channels): role in vasopressin-activated water transport".
1491:
4933:
3845:
1284:
136:
2381:"Aquaporin-4 antibodies (NMO-IgG) as a serological marker of neuromyelitis optica: a critical review of the literature"
5208:
2559:"Time course of upregulation of inflammatory mediators in the hemorrhagic brain in rats: correlation with brain edema"
1461:
2220:
Hubbard JA, Szu JI, Binder DK (January 2018). "The role of aquaporin-4 in synaptic plasticity, memory and disease".
333:
232:
3386:
3370:
1567:"Molecular characterization of an aquaporin cDNA from brain: candidate osmoreceptor and regulator of water balance"
1271:
The structure of AQP4 consists of six-transmembrane domains and five connecting loops to form the channel. Through
5562:
3772:
1319:
around blood vessels and inner limiting membrane and to a lesser degree in the inner and outer plexiform layers.
1236:
326:
225:
2600:
Goodyear MJ, Crewther SG, Junghans BM (2009). "A role for aquaporin-4 in fluid regulation in the inner retina".
5552:
3813:
3689:
3309:
2150:"Aquaporin-4 in the central nervous system: cellular and subcellular distribution and coexpression with KIR4.1"
891:
144:
1409:. Within the ventricles of the brain, AQP4 can be utilized in the removal of excess CSF in conditions such as
1335:
1870:"Aquaporin-4 in Astroglial Cells in the CNS and Supporting Cells of Sensory Organs-A Comparative Perspective"
5557:
872:
5588:
3580:
3567:
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3521:
3486:
1637:
Oklinski MK, Skowronski MT, Skowronska A, Rützler M, Nørgaard K, Nieland JD, et al. (December 2016).
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208:
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1578:
1383:
3355:
3328:
2802:
Assereto S, Mastrototaro M, Stringara S, Gazzerro E, Broda P, Nicchia GP, et al. (July 2008).
1402:
1401:
Other clinical significant implications of AQP4 in the human body is the role in the regulation of
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1406:
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Based on work in animal models, aquaporin-4 may have a role in several other diseases including
1358:
in the CNS. AQP4 may be involved in a variety of physiological processes such as waste removal (
1141:
1070:
1066:
1000:
959:
955:
2804:"Aquaporin-4 expression is severely reduced in human sarcoglycanopathies and dysferlinopathies"
3966:
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288:
243:
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3411:
1452:
In rodent models, AQP4 appears plays a role in both the development and resolution of the
388:
164:
2766:
2099:
Nagelhus EA, Veruki ML, Torp R, Haug FM, Laake JH, Nielsen S, et al. (April 1998).
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2020:
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1834:
1801:
1770:
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2651:
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1467:
1410:
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1304:
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3231:
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2712:
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34:
Secondary (A), Tertiary (B), and
Quaternary (C) depictions of an aquaporin channel
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Gleiser C, Wagner A, Fallier-Becker P, Wolburg H, Hirt B, Mack AF (August 2016).
172:
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1534:
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Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
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3282:
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152:
3133:
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1949:
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1591:
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372:
359:
271:
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160:
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2621:
2592:
2549:
2502:
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2416:
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2241:
2175:
2085:
2029:
1967:
1905:
1843:
1778:
1738:
1674:
17:
3031:
2839:"Changes in ocular aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression following retinal injury"
2319:
2292:
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2048:
Chu H, Huang C, Ding H, Dong J, Gao Z, Yang X, et al. (August 2016).
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1610:
1205:
1200:
47:
5382:
4730:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3626:
3621:
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2066:
1940:
1886:
1711:
1655:
1438:
1288:
1280:
1189:
936:
917:
2874:"Novel variants in human Aquaporin-4 reduce cellular water permeability"
5509:
5266:
5102:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3349:
3339:
2557:
Wu H, Zhang Z, Li Y, Zhao R, Li H, Song Y, et al. (October 2010).
1276:
903:
858:
2541:
2397:
2011:
93:
5186:
5181:
4915:
4910:
4856:
4851:
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4213:
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4134:
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4001:
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3902:
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3782:
3777:
3680:
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3670:
3665:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3547:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
1994:
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1446:
1173:
813:
5420:
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5346:
5341:
5258:
5245:
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5235:
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5225:
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5159:
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5139:
5134:
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4352:
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4028:
4023:
3938:
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3907:
3887:
3872:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3726:
3721:
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3439:
3434:
29:
776:
772:
5500:
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3012:
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
1228:
140:
5530:
4715:
3961:
3749:
3406:
3359:
2669:"Investigating the genetic role of aquaporin4 gene in migraine"
5054:
4952:
4073:
4033:
3334:
Overview of all the structural information available in the
2837:
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1349:
cells and provide a pathway for water to exit these cells.
1695:"Aquaporins and Their Regulation after Spinal Cord Injury"
1441:, and appears to have a role in pathological response to
1338:(BBB), as well as in other cerebrospinal fluid barriers.
3086:"Aquaporin-4 autoantibodies in a paraneoplastic context"
396:
1243:. A limited number of aquaporins are found within the
561:
5543:
5367:
5256:
5052:
4950:
4926:
4728:
4334:
4239:
4104:
3977:
3844:
3803:
3765:
3477:
3422:
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Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
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1102:
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999:
954:
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1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
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1979:
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1859:
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1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
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2989:Misu T, Fujihara K, Itoyama Y (May 2008). "".
1752:
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5540:
5527:
4725:
4712:
3974:
3958:
3762:
3746:
3419:
3403:
3378:
3364:
3356:
2991:Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
2050:"Aquaporin-4 and Cerebrovascular Diseases"
1099:
1054:
996:
951:
787:
727:multicellular organismal water homeostasis
587:
384:
283:
180:
82:
3308:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
3184:
3174:
3101:
2897:
2854:
2819:
2784:
2774:
2694:
2582:
2406:
2396:
2355:
2165:
2124:
2075:
2065:
2019:
1957:
1939:
1895:
1885:
1833:
1728:
1710:
1664:
1654:
1600:
1590:
3241:Gastroenterologie Clinique et Biologique
610:water transmembrane transporter activity
127:, aquaporin 4, HMIWC2, MIWC, WCH4, hAQP4
2379:Jarius S, Wildemann B (November 2013).
1479:
37:
2333:
2331:
2329:
1917:
1915:
737:cellular response to interferon-gamma
671:integral component of plasma membrane
348:
309:
304:
247:
206:
201:
7:
1688:
1686:
1684:
4744:Calcium-activated chloride channels
3814:Amiloride-sensitive cation channel
3084:Pittock SJ, Lennon VA (May 2008).
2726:10.1212/01.wnl.0000286385.59836.e2
2234:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.02.011
2167:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.08.053
2117:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-07-02506.1998
1771:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.08.019
927:
908:
882:
863:
837:
818:
566:
484:
422:
401:
25:
2917:Journal of Clinical Neuroscience
2674:The Journal of Headache and Pain
2652:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01172.x
2277:10.1152/ajprenal.1995.269.6.f775
1295:Tissue and cellular distribution
1231:in humans. AQP-4 belongs to the
666:external side of plasma membrane
466:inferior ganglion of vagus nerve
332:
325:
319:
296:
231:
224:
218:
193:
46:
5337:Voltage-dependent anion channel
3430:Inositol trisphosphate receptor
1639:"Aquaporins in the Spinal Cord"
1275:, it was found that “each AQP4
1239:that conduct water through the
762:cerebrospinal fluid circulation
5359:General bacterial porin family
1394:, such as corticosteroids and
646:integral component of membrane
550:More reference expression data
1:
1427:amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
317:
216:
5609:Genes on human chromosome 18
3163:Journal of Neuroinflammation
2966:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181a82621
2575:10.1016/j.neuint.2010.06.002
2563:Neurochemistry International
2105:The Journal of Neuroscience
1462:cerebral amyloid angiopathy
757:protein homotetramerization
722:ion transmembrane transport
656:basolateral plasma membrane
450:superior vestibular nucleus
5630:
5614:Integral membrane proteins
4778:Chloride Channel Accessory
3387:Membrane transport protein
3327:gene details page in the
3283:10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.09.155
3024:10.3181/00379727-219-44332
2929:10.1016/j.jocn.2008.04.028
1322:AQP4 is also expressed in
1305:basolateral membrane layer
1237:integral membrane proteins
747:cellular water homeostasis
5584:
5539:
5526:
4724:
4711:
3973:
3957:
3773:Epithelial sodium channel
3761:
3745:
3418:
3402:
3253:10.1016/j.gcb.2008.07.010
3216:10.1007/s00415-009-0139-4
3103:10.1001/archneur.65.5.629
2687:10.1007/s10194-009-0100-z
2614:10.1017/S0952523809090038
2495:10.1007/s11064-013-1009-0
2357:10.3171/2016.7.FOCUS16191
1548:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1530:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1343:basolateral cell membrane
1204:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1172:
1153:
1126:
1081:
1050:
1023:
978:
947:
934:
930:
915:
911:
902:
889:
885:
870:
866:
857:
844:
840:
825:
821:
812:
797:
790:
786:
770:
620:identical protein binding
590:
586:
574:
569:
560:
547:
536:medial geniculate nucleus
524:medial vestibular nucleus
496:
487:
434:
425:
395:
387:
383:
366:
353:
316:
295:
286:
282:
265:
252:
215:
192:
183:
179:
134:
131:
121:
114:
109:
90:
85:
68:
63:
58:
54:
45:
40:
3690:Cation channels of sperm
3310:Medical Subject Headings
3134:10.1177/1352458509104595
3061:10.1177/1352458508099139
2878:Human Molecular Genetics
2452:10.1177/1352458512443917
1818:10.1177/1759091415605486
1592:10.1073/pnas.91.26.13052
1330:by direct insult to the
1166:Chr 18: 15.52 – 15.54 Mb
1159:Chr 18: 26.85 – 26.87 Mb
528:dorsal tegmental nucleus
462:internal globus pallidus
438:external globus pallidus
2776:10.1073/pnas.0902725106
2222:Brain Research Bulletin
1382:The condition known as
742:transmembrane transport
732:renal water homeostasis
3176:10.1186/1742-2094-5-22
2483:Neurochemical Research
1812:(5): 175909141560548.
1443:traumatic brain injury
1332:central nervous system
1245:central nervous system
605:water channel activity
516:deep cerebellar nuclei
458:ventral tegmental area
35:
3766:Constitutively active
3348:(Aquaporin-4) at the
3090:Archives of Neurology
1378:Clinical significance
1273:x-ray crystallography
350:18 A1|18 8.74 cM
311:Chromosome 18 (mouse)
209:Chromosome 18 (human)
33:
3321:genome location and
3204:Journal of Neurology
2821:10.4161/cc.7.14.6272
2067:10.3390/ijms17081249
1941:10.3390/cells8020090
1887:10.3390/ijms17091411
1712:10.3390/cells7100174
1656:10.3390/ijms17122050
1384:neuromyelitis optica
1307:of these locations.
1287:of the channel is a
1285:quaternary structure
686:extracellular region
508:olfactory epithelium
86:List of PDB id codes
59:Available structures
5533:By gating mechanism
3329:UCSC Genome Browser
2767:2009PNAS..106.7437H
2602:Visual Neuroscience
2344:Neurosurgical Focus
1583:1994PNAS...9113052J
1431:Parkinson's disease
1423:Alzheimer's disease
1403:cerebrospinal fluid
1372:synaptic plasticity
1336:blood-brain barrier
1257:cerebrospinal fluid
532:superior colliculus
454:subthalamic nucleus
5060:TRP cation channel
4958:CNG cation channel
4241:Tandem pore domain
3452:Ryanodine receptor
3122:Multiple Sclerosis
3049:Multiple Sclerosis
2890:10.1093/hmg/ddn138
2440:Multiple Sclerosis
1435:multiple sclerosis
892:ENSMUSG00000024411
710:Biological process
681:astrocyte end-foot
634:Cellular component
598:Molecular function
520:lobe of cerebellum
470:lower lobe of lung
36:
5596:
5595:
5580:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5568:Stretch-activated
5545:Ion channel class
5522:
5521:
5518:
5517:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4702:
3979:Calcium-activated
3967:Potassium channel
3953:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3736:
2542:10.1021/bi802231q
2398:10.1111/bpa.12084
2012:10.1111/bpa.12085
1392:immunosuppression
1360:glymphatic system
1259:and vasculature.
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1184:
1183:
1149:
1148:
1096:
1095:
1046:
1045:
993:
992:
943:
942:
924:
923:
898:
897:
879:
878:
853:
852:
834:
833:
782:
781:
752:water homeostasis
696:endosome membrane
582:
581:
578:
577:
556:
555:
543:
542:
512:cerebellar vermis
481:
480:
379:
378:
278:
277:
105:
104:
101:
100:
69:Ortholog search:
16:(Redirected from
5621:
5541:
5528:
4736:Chloride channel
4726:
4713:
4106:Inward-rectifier
3975:
3959:
3763:
3747:
3717:Two-pore channel
3420:
3404:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3357:
3294:
3264:
3247:(1 Pt 1): 72–6.
3235:
3198:
3188:
3178:
3153:
3115:
3105:
3080:
3043:
3006:
2985:
2948:
2911:
2901:
2868:
2858:
2843:Molecular Vision
2833:
2823:
2814:(14): 2199–207.
2798:
2788:
2778:
2745:
2708:
2698:
2663:
2633:
2596:
2586:
2553:
2515:
2514:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2410:
2400:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2359:
2335:
2324:
2323:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2271:(6): F775–F785.
2260:
2254:
2253:
2217:
2188:
2187:
2169:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2128:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2079:
2069:
2045:
2034:
2033:
2023:
1991:
1972:
1971:
1961:
1943:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1899:
1889:
1865:
1848:
1847:
1837:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1754:
1743:
1742:
1732:
1714:
1690:
1679:
1678:
1668:
1658:
1634:
1615:
1614:
1604:
1594:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1526:
1520:
1510:
1499:
1489:
1220:, also known as
1197:
1196:
1168:
1161:
1144:
1100:
1091:
1055:
1051:RefSeq (protein)
1041:
997:
988:
952:
928:
909:
883:
864:
838:
819:
788:
625:channel activity
588:
567:
552:
492:
490:Top expressed in
485:
430:
428:Top expressed in
423:
402:
385:
375:
362:
351:
336:
329:
323:
312:
300:
284:
274:
261:
250:
235:
228:
222:
211:
197:
181:
175:
173:AQP4 - orthologs
126:
119:
96:
83:
77:
56:
55:
50:
38:
21:
5629:
5628:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5599:
5598:
5597:
5592:
5572:
5535:
5514:
5363:
5262:
5252:
5048:
4946:
4922:
4720:
4699:
4613:
4490:
4347:
4330:
4235:
4199:
4169:
4125:
4117:
4100:
4054:
3969:
3945:
3918:
3857:
3840:
3799:
3757:
3733:
3616:
3588:
3575:
3562:
3542:
3529:
3494:
3473:
3414:
3412:Calcium channel
3398:
3384:
3302:
3297:
3267:
3238:
3201:
3156:
3118:
3083:
3046:
3009:
2993:(in Japanese).
2988:
2951:
2914:
2884:(15): 2379–89.
2871:
2836:
2801:
2761:(18): 7437–42.
2748:
2711:
2666:
2640:Tissue Antigens
2636:
2599:
2556:
2536:(25): 5785–93.
2527:
2523:
2521:Further reading
2518:
2489:(5): 997–1001.
2480:
2479:
2475:
2446:(11): 1541–51.
2437:
2436:
2432:
2385:Brain Pathology
2378:
2377:
2373:
2337:
2336:
2327:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2219:
2218:
2191:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2047:
2046:
2037:
2000:Brain Pathology
1993:
1992:
1975:
1921:
1920:
1913:
1867:
1866:
1851:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1756:
1755:
1746:
1692:
1691:
1682:
1636:
1635:
1618:
1577:(26): 13052–6.
1564:
1563:
1559:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1511:
1502:
1490:
1481:
1477:
1419:
1380:
1355:
1347:collecting duct
1297:
1269:
1206:View/Edit Mouse
1201:View/Edit Human
1164:
1157:
1154:Location (UCSC)
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
984:
980:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
873:ENSG00000171885
766:
717:water transport
705:
701:cell projection
651:plasma membrane
629:
615:protein binding
548:
539:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
488:
477:
474:corpus callosum
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
442:pars reticulata
440:
426:
370:
357:
349:
339:
338:
337:
330:
310:
287:Gene location (
269:
256:
248:
238:
237:
236:
229:
207:
184:Gene location (
135:
122:
115:
92:
70:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5627:
5625:
5617:
5616:
5611:
5601:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5549:
5547:
5537:
5536:
5531:
5524:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5485:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5465:
5464:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5379:
5377:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5276:
5274:
5260:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5206:
5196:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5075:
5064:
5062:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4962:
4960:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4938:
4936:
4934:Proton channel
4924:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4809:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4740:
4738:
4722:
4721:
4716:
4709:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4611:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4520:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4488:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4345:
4340:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4245:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4167:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4110:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4052:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3983:
3981:
3971:
3970:
3962:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3855:
3850:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3810:
3808:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3769:
3767:
3759:
3758:
3755:Sodium channel
3750:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3614:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3586:
3578:
3573:
3565:
3560:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3540:
3532:
3527:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3492:
3483:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3426:
3424:
3416:
3415:
3407:
3400:
3399:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3375:
3368:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3332:
3313:
3301:
3300:External links
3298:
3296:
3295:
3277:(2): 463–468.
3265:
3236:
3199:
3154:
3116:
3081:
3044:
3007:
2986:
2960:(22): 1960–1.
2949:
2912:
2869:
2834:
2799:
2746:
2720:(24): 2266–8.
2709:
2664:
2634:
2597:
2554:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2473:
2430:
2371:
2325:
2298:
2255:
2189:
2140:
2111:(7): 2506–19.
2091:
2035:
1973:
1911:
1849:
1792:
1765:(4): 1036–46.
1744:
1680:
1616:
1557:
1539:
1521:
1500:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1454:cerebral edema
1418:
1415:
1379:
1376:
1367:organ of Corti
1354:
1351:
1296:
1293:
1268:
1265:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1124:
1123:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1079:
1078:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1021:
1020:
994:
991:
990:
976:
975:
949:
945:
944:
941:
940:
932:
931:
925:
922:
921:
913:
912:
906:
900:
899:
896:
895:
887:
886:
880:
877:
876:
868:
867:
861:
855:
854:
851:
850:
842:
841:
835:
832:
831:
823:
822:
816:
810:
809:
804:
799:
795:
794:
784:
783:
780:
779:
768:
767:
765:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
713:
711:
707:
706:
704:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
637:
635:
631:
630:
628:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
601:
599:
595:
594:
584:
583:
580:
579:
576:
575:
572:
571:
564:
558:
557:
554:
553:
545:
544:
541:
540:
538:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
500:pontine nuclei
497:
494:
493:
482:
479:
478:
476:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
432:
431:
419:
418:
410:
399:
393:
392:
389:RNA expression
381:
380:
377:
376:
368:
364:
363:
355:
352:
347:
341:
340:
331:
324:
318:
314:
313:
308:
302:
301:
293:
292:
280:
279:
276:
275:
267:
263:
262:
254:
251:
246:
240:
239:
230:
223:
217:
213:
212:
205:
199:
198:
190:
189:
177:
176:
133:
129:
128:
120:
112:
111:
107:
106:
103:
102:
99:
98:
88:
87:
79:
78:
67:
61:
60:
52:
51:
43:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5626:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5591:
5590:
5583:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5563:Voltage-gated
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5529:
5525:
5511:
5508:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5366:
5360:
5357:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5338:
5335:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5255:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5170:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5123:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5079:
5076:
5073:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5051:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4949:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4925:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4862:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4759:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4718:Miscellaneous
4714:
4710:
4696:
4695:Shaker (gene)
4693:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4668:minK/ISK-like
4666:
4664:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4637:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4336:Voltage-gated
4333:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4194:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4163:
4160:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4120:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3846:Voltage-gated
3843:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3802:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3748:
3744:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3479:Voltage-gated
3476:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3381:
3376:
3374:
3369:
3367:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3128:(7): 834–47.
3127:
3123:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3096:(5): 629–32.
3095:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3055:(3): 304–10.
3054:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3018:(3): 183–99.
3017:
3013:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2997:(5): 527–37.
2996:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2608:(2): 159–65.
2607:
2603:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2569:(3): 248–53.
2568:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2477:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2391:(6): 661–83.
2390:
2386:
2382:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2314:(7): 409–15.
2313:
2309:
2302:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2160:(4): 905–13.
2159:
2155:
2151:
2144:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2006:(6): 684–95.
2005:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:Knockout mice
1465:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1405:(CSF) in the
1404:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1345:of principal
1344:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1241:cell membrane
1238:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
995:
989:
987:
983:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
950:
948:RefSeq (mRNA)
946:
939:
938:
933:
929:
926:
920:
919:
914:
910:
907:
905:
901:
894:
893:
888:
884:
881:
875:
874:
869:
865:
862:
860:
856:
849:
848:
843:
839:
836:
830:
829:
824:
820:
817:
815:
811:
808:
805:
803:
800:
796:
793:
789:
785:
778:
774:
769:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
714:
712:
709:
708:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
638:
636:
633:
632:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
602:
600:
597:
596:
593:
592:Gene ontology
589:
585:
573:
568:
565:
563:
559:
551:
546:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
498:
495:
491:
486:
483:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
446:Pars compacta
445:
441:
437:
436:
433:
429:
424:
421:
420:
417:
415:
411:
409:
408:
404:
403:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
374:
369:
365:
361:
356:
346:
342:
335:
328:
322:
315:
307:
303:
299:
294:
290:
285:
281:
273:
268:
264:
260:
255:
245:
241:
234:
227:
221:
214:
210:
204:
200:
196:
191:
187:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
130:
125:
118:
113:
108:
97:
95:
89:
84:
81:
80:
76:
73:
66:
62:
57:
53:
49:
44:
39:
32:
19:
5586:
5553:Ligand-gated
5544:
5532:
5375:Gap junction
5368:
5257:
5053:
5014:
4992:
4965:
4951:
4927:
4905:
4863:
4811:
4777:
4760:
4748:
4729:
4717:
4672:
4635:
4609:
4486:
4343:
4248:
4195:
4165:
4121:
4050:
3963:
3914:
3853:
3751:
3660:
3633:
3612:
3584:
3571:
3558:
3538:
3525:
3490:
3423:Ligand-gated
3408:
3391:ion channels
3343:
3323:
3317:
3274:
3270:
3244:
3240:
3210:(2): 287–8.
3207:
3203:
3166:
3162:
3125:
3121:
3093:
3089:
3052:
3048:
3015:
3011:
2994:
2990:
2957:
2953:
2923:(3): 441–3.
2920:
2916:
2881:
2877:
2846:
2842:
2811:
2807:
2758:
2754:
2717:
2713:
2681:(2): 111–4.
2678:
2672:
2646:(2): 171–6.
2643:
2639:
2605:
2601:
2566:
2562:
2533:
2530:Biochemistry
2529:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2388:
2384:
2374:
2347:
2343:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2225:
2221:
2157:
2154:Neuroscience
2153:
2143:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2057:
2053:
2003:
1999:
1931:
1927:
1877:
1873:
1809:
1805:
1795:
1762:
1759:Neuroscience
1758:
1702:
1698:
1649:(12): 2050.
1646:
1642:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1551:
1542:
1533:
1524:
1466:
1459:
1451:
1420:
1411:hydrocephaly
1400:
1396:azathioprine
1381:
1364:
1356:
1340:
1321:
1317:basal lamina
1313:MĂĽller cells
1309:
1298:
1270:
1261:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1138:NP_001304658
1134:NP_001295576
1130:NP_001295575
1127:
1120:NP_001295574
1116:NP_001295573
1112:NP_001295572
1108:NP_001295571
1104:NP_001295570
1089:NP_001351218
1085:NP_001351216
1082:
1075:NP_001351215
1063:NP_001304316
1059:NP_001304313
1039:NM_001317729
1035:NM_001308647
1031:NM_001308646
1027:NM_001308645
1024:
1017:NM_001308644
1013:NM_001308643
1009:NM_001308642
1005:NM_001308641
986:NM_001364289
982:NM_001364287
979:
972:NM_001364286
968:NM_001317387
964:NM_001317384
935:
916:
890:
871:
845:
826:
806:
801:
412:
405:
132:External IDs
91:
5558:Light-gated
4040:IK channel
3306:Aquaporin+4
2849:: 1770–83.
2308:Nephrologie
2228:: 118–129.
2060:(8): 1249.
1880:(9): 1411.
1705:(10): 174.
1328:upregulated
1218:Aquaporin-4
371:15,544,039
358:15,522,553
270:26,865,771
257:26,852,043
110:Identifiers
18:Aquaporin 4
5603:Categories
4761:Bestrophin
4019:SK channel
3987:BK channel
3661:Îł-subunits
3634:β-subunits
3617:δ-subunits
2808:Cell Cycle
1519:, May 2017
1498:, May 2017
1475:References
1407:ventricles
1324:astrocytes
1301:astrocytes
1249:cerebellum
1235:family of
676:sarcolemma
416:(ortholog)
153:HomoloGene
5589:disorders
5587:see also
5370:Cytoplasm
5280:Aquaporin
4749:Anoctamin
4572:11.1/hERG
2982:207115445
2954:Neurology
2714:Neurology
2468:206699115
2350:(3): E8.
2285:1931-857X
1950:2073-4409
1934:(2): 90.
1826:1759-0914
1806:ASN Neuro
1721:2073-4409
1281:angstroms
1267:Structure
1253:astrocyte
1233:aquaporin
1142:NP_033830
1071:NP_004019
1067:NP_001641
1001:NM_009700
960:NM_004028
956:NM_001650
792:Orthologs
641:cytoplasm
161:GeneCards
5383:Connexin
4663:minK/ISK
3291:18854171
3261:19112001
3232:26870205
3224:19266146
3195:18510734
3150:19372571
3142:19465451
3112:18474738
3077:25896873
3069:19028829
3040:28952956
3003:18516975
2974:19487655
2945:40873451
2937:19153045
2908:18511455
2865:18836575
2830:18641458
2795:19383790
2742:43434968
2734:18071147
2705:19209385
2660:19140826
2630:25856225
2622:19366470
2593:20541575
2550:19445480
2511:18623455
2503:23456674
2460:22526930
2425:11007411
2417:24118483
2366:27581320
2242:28274814
2184:46376911
2176:15561407
2086:27529222
2030:24118484
1968:30691235
1906:27571065
1844:26489685
1779:19682555
1739:30340399
1675:27941618
1515:–
1494:–
1439:epilepsy
1417:Research
1353:Function
1289:tetramer
1190:Wikidata
771:Sources:
691:endosome
661:membrane
504:habenula
5510:Innexin
5267:solutes
3350:PDBe-KB
3340:UniProt
3186:2427020
3032:9824541
2899:2733814
2856:2559817
2786:2678640
2763:Bibcode
2696:3451641
2584:2910823
2408:8028894
2320:8987045
2293:8594871
2250:3970706
2135:9502811
2126:6793100
2077:5000647
2021:3890327
1959:6406241
1897:5037691
1835:4623559
1787:7117939
1730:6210264
1666:5187850
1611:7528931
1579:Bibcode
1517:Ensembl
1496:Ensembl
1326:and is
1315:have a
1277:monomer
904:UniProt
859:Ensembl
798:Species
777:QuickGO
391:pattern
249:18q11.2
117:Aliases
3807:-gated
3805:Proton
3581:T-type
3568:R-type
3555:Q-type
3535:P-type
3522:N-type
3487:L-type
3345:P55087
3315:Human
3312:(MeSH)
3289:
3259:
3230:
3222:
3193:
3183:
3169:: 22.
3148:
3140:
3110:
3075:
3067:
3038:
3030:
3001:
2980:
2972:
2943:
2935:
2906:
2896:
2863:
2853:
2828:
2793:
2783:
2740:
2732:
2703:
2693:
2658:
2628:
2620:
2591:
2581:
2548:
2509:
2501:
2466:
2458:
2423:
2415:
2405:
2364:
2318:
2291:
2283:
2248:
2240:
2182:
2174:
2133:
2123:
2084:
2074:
2028:
2018:
1966:
1956:
1948:
1904:
1894:
1842:
1832:
1824:
1785:
1777:
1737:
1727:
1719:
1673:
1663:
1609:
1599:
1447:stroke
1437:, and
1176:search
1174:PubMed
937:P55088
918:P55087
814:Entrez
562:BioGPS
149:107387
141:600308
5421:GJA10
5272:Porin
5172:TRPML
4942:HVCN1
4636:KCNIP
4491:α7-12
3395:TC 1A
3228:S2CID
3146:S2CID
3073:S2CID
3036:S2CID
2978:S2CID
2941:S2CID
2738:S2CID
2626:S2CID
2507:S2CID
2464:S2CID
2421:S2CID
2246:S2CID
2180:S2CID
1928:Cells
1783:S2CID
1699:Cells
1602:45579
1222:AQP-4
847:11829
807:Mouse
802:Human
773:Amigo
414:Mouse
407:Human
354:Start
289:Mouse
253:Start
186:Human
157:37507
5501:GJD4
5496:GJD3
5491:GJD2
5481:GJC3
5476:GJC2
5471:GJC1
5461:GJB7
5456:GJB6
5451:GJB5
5446:GJB4
5441:GJB3
5436:GJB2
5431:GJB1
5416:GJA9
5411:GJA8
5406:GJA5
5401:GJA4
5396:GJA3
5391:GJA1
5216:TRPV
5199:TRPP
5194:TRPN
5125:TRPM
5078:TRPC
5068:TRPA
4906:CLNS
4864:CLIC
4812:CLCN
4807:CFTR
4754:ANO1
4673:MiRP
4601:12.3
4596:12.2
4591:12.1
4582:11.3
4577:11.2
4563:10.2
4558:10.1
4348:α1-6
4162:GIRK
3576:α2.3
3563:α2.1
3530:α2.2
3338:for
3324:AQP4
3318:AQP4
3287:PMID
3257:PMID
3220:PMID
3191:PMID
3138:PMID
3108:PMID
3065:PMID
3028:PMID
2999:PMID
2970:PMID
2933:PMID
2904:PMID
2861:PMID
2826:PMID
2791:PMID
2730:PMID
2701:PMID
2656:PMID
2618:PMID
2589:PMID
2546:PMID
2499:PMID
2456:PMID
2413:PMID
2362:PMID
2316:PMID
2289:PMID
2281:ISSN
2238:PMID
2172:PMID
2131:PMID
2082:PMID
2026:PMID
1964:PMID
1946:ISSN
1902:PMID
1840:PMID
1822:ISSN
1775:PMID
1735:PMID
1717:ISSN
1671:PMID
1607:PMID
1445:and
1229:gene
1226:AQP4
397:Bgee
345:Band
306:Chr.
244:Band
203:Chr.
165:AQP4
137:OMIM
124:AQP4
94:3GD8
75:RCSB
72:PDBe
41:AQP4
5265:(+
5103:4AP
5016:HCN
4549:9.3
4544:9.2
4539:9.1
4530:8.2
4525:8.1
4516:7.5
4511:7.4
4506:7.3
4501:7.2
4496:7.1
4478:6.4
4473:6.3
4468:6.2
4463:6.1
4454:5.1
4445:4.3
4440:4.2
4435:4.1
4426:3.4
4421:3.3
4416:3.2
4411:3.1
4402:2.2
4397:2.1
4388:1.8
4383:1.7
4378:1.6
4373:1.5
4368:1.4
4363:1.3
4358:1.2
4353:1.1
4249:K2P
4229:7.1
4224:6.2
4219:6.1
4214:5.1
4209:4.2
4204:4.1
4189:3.4
4184:3.3
4179:3.2
4174:3.1
4155:2.6
4150:2.4
4145:2.3
4140:2.2
4135:2.1
4130:1.1
4116:ATP
4094:5.1
4089:4.2
4084:4.1
4079:3.1
4074:2.3
4069:2.2
4064:2.1
4059:1.1
4044:IK1
4034:SK3
4029:SK2
4024:SK1
3903:1.9
3898:1.8
3893:1.7
3888:1.6
3883:1.5
3878:1.4
3873:1.3
3868:1.2
3863:1.1
3752:Na:
3604:3.3
3599:3.2
3594:3.1
3548:2.1
3515:1.4
3510:1.3
3505:1.2
3500:1.1
3409:Ca:
3336:PDB
3279:doi
3275:377
3249:doi
3212:doi
3208:256
3181:PMC
3171:doi
3130:doi
3098:doi
3057:doi
3020:doi
3016:219
2962:doi
2925:doi
2894:PMC
2886:doi
2851:PMC
2816:doi
2781:PMC
2771:doi
2759:106
2722:doi
2691:PMC
2683:doi
2648:doi
2610:doi
2579:PMC
2571:doi
2538:doi
2491:doi
2448:doi
2403:PMC
2393:doi
2352:doi
2273:doi
2269:269
2230:doi
2226:136
2162:doi
2158:129
2121:PMC
2113:doi
2072:PMC
2062:doi
2016:PMC
2008:doi
1954:PMC
1936:doi
1892:PMC
1882:doi
1830:PMC
1814:doi
1767:doi
1763:168
1725:PMC
1707:doi
1661:PMC
1651:doi
1597:PMC
1587:doi
1388:IgG
828:361
570:n/a
367:End
266:End
169:OMA
145:MGI
65:PDB
5605::
5487:D
5467:C
5427:B
5387:A
5269:):
5022:FC
4916:1B
4911:1A
4899:L1
4857:KB
4852:KA
4731:Cl
4324:18
4319:17
4314:16
4309:15
4304:13
4299:12
4294:10
4198:ir
4168:ir
4124:ir
4053:Ca
4012:β4
4007:β3
4002:β2
3997:β1
3992:α1
3964:K:
3915:Na
3908:7A
3854:Na
3681:Îł4
3676:Îł3
3671:Îł2
3666:Îł1
3654:β4
3649:β3
3644:β2
3639:β1
3585:Ca
3572:Ca
3559:Ca
3539:Ca
3526:Ca
3491:Ca
3389::
3342::
3285:.
3273:.
3255:.
3245:33
3243:.
3226:.
3218:.
3206:.
3189:.
3179:.
3165:.
3161:.
3144:.
3136:.
3126:15
3124:.
3106:.
3094:65
3092:.
3088:.
3071:.
3063:.
3053:15
3051:.
3034:.
3026:.
3014:.
2995:60
2976:.
2968:.
2958:72
2956:.
2939:.
2931:.
2921:16
2919:.
2902:.
2892:.
2882:17
2880:.
2876:.
2859:.
2847:14
2845:.
2841:.
2824:.
2810:.
2806:.
2789:.
2779:.
2769:.
2757:.
2753:.
2736:.
2728:.
2718:69
2716:.
2699:.
2689:.
2679:10
2677:.
2671:.
2654:.
2644:73
2642:.
2624:.
2616:.
2606:26
2604:.
2587:.
2577:.
2567:57
2565:.
2561:.
2544:.
2534:48
2532:.
2505:.
2497:.
2487:38
2485:.
2462:.
2454:.
2444:18
2442:.
2419:.
2411:.
2401:.
2389:23
2387:.
2383:.
2360:.
2348:41
2346:.
2342:.
2328:^
2312:17
2310:.
2287:.
2279:.
2267:.
2244:.
2236:.
2224:.
2192:^
2178:.
2170:.
2156:.
2152:.
2129:.
2119:.
2109:18
2107:.
2103:.
2080:.
2070:.
2058:17
2056:.
2052:.
2038:^
2024:.
2014:.
2004:23
2002:.
1998:.
1976:^
1962:.
1952:.
1944:.
1930:.
1926:.
1914:^
1900:.
1890:.
1878:17
1876:.
1872:.
1852:^
1838:.
1828:.
1820:.
1808:.
1804:.
1781:.
1773:.
1761:.
1747:^
1733:.
1723:.
1715:.
1701:.
1697:.
1683:^
1669:.
1659:.
1647:17
1645:.
1641:.
1619:^
1605:.
1595:.
1585:.
1575:91
1573:.
1569:.
1550:.
1532:.
1503:^
1482:^
1449:.
1433:,
1429:,
1425:,
775:/
373:bp
360:bp
272:bp
259:bp
167:;
163::
159:;
155::
151:;
147::
143:;
139::
5372::
5352:3
5347:2
5342:1
5330:9
5325:8
5320:7
5315:6
5310:5
5305:4
5300:3
5295:2
5290:1
5285:0
5263:O
5261:2
5259:H
5246:6
5241:5
5236:4
5231:3
5226:2
5221:1
5209:2
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