342:
247:
51:
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669:, under the brand names Aquasol A, Palmitate A and many others. It is a constituent of intra ocular treatment for dry eyes at a concentration of 138 μg/g (VitA-Pos) by Ursapharm. It is a pre-formed version of vitamin A; therefore, the intake should not exceed the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Overdosing preformed Vitamin A forms such as retinyl palmitate leads to adverse physiological reactions (
60:
38:
492:
494:
540:
493:
707:
has called attention to the fact that high doses of topical retinyl palmitate were shown to accelerate cancer in lab animals, fueling the sunscreen controversy in the popular press. One toxicological analysis determined that "there is no convincing evidence to support the notion that in sunscreens
724:
World Health
Organization recommendation on Maternal Supplementation During Pregnancy states that "health benefits are expected for the mother and her developing fetus with little risk of detriment to either, from a daily supplement not exceeding 10,000 IU vitamin A (3000 μg
1074:. (2012). NTP technical report on the photocarcinogenesis study of retinoic acid and retinyl palmitate [CAS Nos. 302-79-4 (All-trans-retinoic acid) and 79-81-2 (All-trans-retinyl palmitate)] in SKH-1 mice (Simulated solar light and topical application study). Available at
962:
Boehnlein, James; Sakr, Adel; Lichtin, J. Leon; Bronaugh, Robert L. (1994). "Characterization of
Esterase and Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity in Skin. Metabolism of Retinyl Palmitate to Retinol (Vitamin A) During Percutaneous Absorption".
164:
365:
InChI=1S/C36H58O3/c1-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-25-34(37)39-35(38)29-31(3)23-20-22-30(2)26-27-33-32(4)24-21-28-36(33,5)6/h20,22-23,26-27,29H,7-19,21,24-25,28H2,1-6H3/b23-20+,27-26+,30-22+,31-29+
375:
InChI=1/C36H58O3/c1-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-25-34(37)39-35(38)29-31(3)23-20-22-30(2)26-27-33-32(4)24-21-28-36(33,5)6/h20,22-23,26-27,29H,7-19,21,24-25,28H2,1-6H3/b23-20+,27-26+,30-22+,31-29+
691:
Retinyl palmitate is also a constituent of some topically applied skin care products. After its absorption into the skin, retinyl palmitate is converted to retinol, and ultimately to
1130:
553:
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1123:
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684:
and other dairy products to replace the vitamin content lost through the removal of milk fat. Palmitate is attached to the alcohol form of vitamin A,
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Animals use long-chain esters of vitamin A, most abundantly the palmitate form, as a form of vitamin A storage. The storage reaction is catalyzed by
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517:
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In 2021, vitamin A was the 298th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 500,000 prescriptions.
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695:(the active form of vitamin A present in Retin-A), though neither its skin absorption nor its conversion is very effective.
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921:"Unoccluded retinol penetrates human skin in vivo more effectively than unoccluded retinyl palmitate or retinoic acid"
709:
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concluded that diisopropyl adipate increased incidence of skin tumors in mice, and the addition of either
1597:
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88:
78:
1037:
Wang, SQ; Dusza, SW; Lim, HW (2010). "Safety of retinyl palmitate in sunscreens: a critical analysis".
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729:) at any time during pregnancy." Preformed Vitamin A refers to retinyl palmitate and retinyl acetate.
1413:
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109:)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-yl hexadecanoate
906:
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6-(N-ethyl-N-(5-isobutoxy-4-isopropyl-2-(E)-styrylphenyl)amino)nicotinic acid
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1015:"Possible link between ingredient in sunscreen and skin cancer: Schumer"
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or retinyl palmitate both exacerbated the rate and frequency of tumors.
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
399:
CC1(C)CCCC(\C)=C1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C(=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
263:
646:
619:
580:
455:
175:
163:
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681:
607:. It is the most abundant form of vitamin A storage in animals.
254:
1112:
708:
is carcinogenic." A technical report issued thereafter by the
325:
58:
49:
1076:
http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/LT_rpts/TR568_508.pdf
803:"Retinol and retinyl esters: biochemistry and physiology"
487:
548:
1090:
Safe vitamin A dosage during pregnancy and lactation
1363:
1149:
919:E. A. Duell, S. Kang & J. J. Voorhees (1997).
287:
649:isomerizes the retinyl part to 11-cis-retinal.
491:
139:
1151:
1039:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
796:
794:
792:
1124:
688:, in order to make vitamin A stable in milk.
8:
1365:
641:. The esters are also intermediates in the
1131:
1117:
1109:
340:
245:
223:
29:
938:
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774:(95th ed.). CRC Press. p. 622.
676:Retinyl palmitate is used as a source of
307:
926:The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
760:
618:organic chemical naming convention for
396:
361:
336:
1032:
1030:
236:
801:O'Byrne, SM; Blaner, WS (July 2013).
771:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
368:Key: SLCSFDSJAUMVCI-UQEJEMEYSA-N
203:
183:
7:
1352:Retinoic acid metabolism inhibitors:
863:from the original on 15 January 2024
883:"Vitamin A - Drug Usage Statistics"
378:Key: SLCSFDSJAUMVCI-UQEJEMEYBQ
278:
262:
637:, and the inverse is catalyzed by
25:
657:Vitamin A palmitate is a common
538:
36:
768:William M. Haynes (2014–2015).
534:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
1156:Tooltip Retinoic acid receptor
1078:. Accessed September 19, 2013.
1:
1551:Receptor/signaling modulators
1390:-Retinoic acid (alitretinoin)
1176:-Retinoic acid (alitretinoin)
661:, available in both oral and
940:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12335788
1370:Tooltip Retinoid X receptor
1072:National Toxicology Program
710:National Toxicology Program
699:Carcinogenicity controversy
622:, is also frequently seen.
45:
27:Vitamin A chemical compound
1614:
1499:LE135 (RAR beta selective)
1399:-Retinoic acid (tretinoin)
1205:-Retinoic acid (tretinoin)
1051:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.07.015
442:524.86 g/mol
1542:
1098:World Health Organization
909:, Linus Pauling Institute
807:Journal of Lipid Research
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977:10.1023/A:1018941016563
965:Pharmaceutical Research
665:forms for treatment of
610:An alternate spelling,
498:
63:
54:
853:"The Top 300 of 2021"
614:, which violates the
497:
89:Systematic IUPAC name
82:Retinyl hexadecanoate
62:
53:
1414:Docosahexaenoic acid
667:vitamin A deficiency
577:vitamin A palmitate,
480:(fire diamond)
1020:New York Daily News
820:10.1194/jlr.R037648
449:Solubility in water
32:
749:Vitamin supplement
671:hypervitaminosis A
659:vitamin supplement
561:Infobox references
499:
64:
55:
31:Retinyl palmitate
30:
1560:
1559:
1140:Retinoid receptor
703:New York Senator
680:added to low fat
612:retinol palmitate
573:Retinyl palmitate
569:Chemical compound
567:
566:
321:CompTox Dashboard
165:Interactive image
118:Retinol palmitate
68:
67:
16:(Redirected from
1605:
1583:Palmitate esters
1419:Fluorobexarotene
1371:
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1300:Tazarotenic acid
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1023:. June 14, 2010.
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971:(8): 1155–1159.
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744:Retinyl acetate
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933:(3): 301–305.
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813:(7): 1731–43.
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720:Teratogenicity
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1444:Retinoic acid
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1275:Retinoic acid
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714:retinoic acid
711:
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705:Chuck Schumer
698:
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693:retinoic acid
689:
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593:palmitic acid
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338:DTXSID1021241
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237:ECHA InfoCard
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1598:Orphan drugs
1578:Cyclohexenes
1573:Antioxidants
1549:
1466:Antagonists:
1465:
1424:Isotretinoin
1396:
1387:
1377:
1351:
1317:Antagonists:
1316:
1290:Tamibarotene
1270:Palovarotene
1265:Isotretinoin
1202:
1173:
1163:
1089:
1083:
1067:
1045:(5): 903–6.
1042:
1038:
1018:
1009:
968:
964:
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914:
902:
890:. Retrieved
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865:. Retrieved
856:
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810:
806:
769:
763:
723:
702:
690:
675:
656:
643:visual cycle
632:
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476:
124:Identifiers
116:Other names
106:
102:
98:
94:
1305:Trifarotene
1260:Fenretinide
1100:(WHO), 1998
408:Properties
243:100.001.117
185:CHEBI:17616
1567:Categories
1404:Bexarotene
1320:BMS-195614
1295:Tazarotene
1255:Etretinate
1143:modulators
892:14 January
867:14 January
755:References
663:injectable
438:Molar mass
309:1D1K0N0VVC
216:ChemSpider
205:ChEMBL1675
152:3D model (
131:CAS Number
79:IUPAC name
1588:Retinoids
1479:LG-100754
1453:vitamin A
1439:LG-100754
1434:LG-101506
1429:LG-100268
1378:Agonists:
1355:Liarozole
1284:vitamin A
1196:Adapalene
1191:Acitretin
1181:AC-261066
1164:Agonists:
985:0724-8741
907:Vitamin A
739:Vitamin A
678:vitamin A
589:vitamin A
18:Aquasol A
1593:Vitamins
1546:See also
1489:UVI-3003
1459:SR-11237
1345:MM-11253
1335:ER-50891
1186:AC-55649
1059:20692724
1001:25458156
887:ClinCalc
861:Archived
857:ClinCalc
839:23625372
733:See also
477:NFPA 704
470:Hazards
225:10618934
1449:Retinol
1409:CD 3254
1330:CD-2665
1325:BMS-493
1280:Retinol
1235:CD-2314
1230:CD-1530
1225:BMS-961
1220:BMS-753
1215:BMS-493
993:7971717
949:9284094
830:3679378
686:retinol
629:Biology
585:retinol
579:is the
554:what is
552: (
460:ethanol
432:
289:5280531
276:PubChem
141:79-81-2
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1494:HX-603
1484:PA-452
1474:HX-630
1469:HX-531
1381:9CDHRA
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1240:CD-437
1210:AM-580
1167:9CDHRA
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392:SMILES
264:D00164
196:ChEMBL
73:Names
1524:Rhein
1397:trans
1310:TTNPB
1250:EC 23
1245:Ch-55
1203:trans
1094:(PDF)
997:S2CID
647:RPE65
581:ester
575:, or
456:water
357:InChI
176:ChEBI
154:JSmol
1395:all-
1201:all-
1055:PMID
989:PMID
981:ISSN
945:PMID
894:2024
869:2024
835:PMID
776:ISBN
682:milk
653:Uses
635:LRAT
462:and
300:UNII
255:KEGG
1388:cis
1366:RXR
1174:cis
1152:RAR
1047:doi
973:doi
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825:PMC
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673:).
639:REH
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