32:
1890:
771:
196:
1900:
757:
500:
As there is no official support of archaeological work, there is no centralised storage space for excavated artifacts. Even those unearthed many years ago languish in the homes, storerooms or offices of excavation participants. For example, the artifacts from the Fort
Tanjong Katong dig are currently
516:
Other means of promoting archaeology have included public talks, collaborative research between archaeologists and the
National Parks Board, and encouraging community involvement in site surveys and excavations. The excavations at Fort Tanjong Katong and St. Andrew's Cathedral saw enthusiastic
492:
In an interview with Lianhe Zaobao, Miksic, now an associate professor in the
Southeast Asian Studies Program and the Asia Research Institute at NUS, lamented that "Singapore is probably the only country in the world that does not employ state archaeologists. Even the government of
512:
Despite the abovementioned problems, there is still interest in
Singapore's history before 1819. NUS has organised a course, "History of Singapore before the Landing of Raffles" annually since 1998, which attracts 250 to 500 interested students each time.
448:
Investigations in the south-east corner of Istana
Kampong Glam indicate that a structure may have predated the existing Istana, which was built around 1842. This would support written accounts that have described a wooden structure that
432:
There were so many artifacts uncovered at the Padang that both the work period and the size of the test pit were lengthened. The artifacts include indigenous earthenware, Chinese trade ceramics, and coins from the
480:
Excavations at St. Andrew's
Cathedral have revealed artifacts dating from the 14th century to the 20th century, which suggest that the 14th-century settlement in Singapore extended well beyond the
843:
407:
Although Fort
Tanjong Katong, whose construction started only in 1879, was much newer than Fort Canning, a number of artifacts have also been unearthed there. 36 bags of marine ecofact and
224:
517:
participation from members of the public, and there was dismay when the Fort
Tanjong Katong excavation pits were filled in at the start of 2006, ostensibly to prevent
1107:
804:
497:, with a population one-tenth that of Singapore's, hires them…. Singapore has chosen to be different in this area, which is a very strange phenomenon."
1301:
929:
858:
1804:
1779:
1135:
412:
504:
In addition, there is no legislation requiring that archaeologists be consulted before construction works proceed, unlike in
European countries.
1246:
1056:
635:
980:
384:
At Fort
Canning, the oldest archaeological site in Singapore, many artefacts dating back to the 14th century have been uncovered, including
1531:
878:
348:
1477:
817:
685:
610:
210:
1855:
257:
710:
1924:
909:
660:
1266:
1130:
1087:
853:
538:
416:
1865:
1150:
1102:
368:
317:
217:
1724:
1002:
949:
797:
1824:
1441:
1413:
1251:
1174:
1039:
260:, the former being particularly useful in revealing archaeological evidence reflecting references to settlements such as
1286:
1186:
1125:
919:
904:
868:
302:
442:
1739:
1614:
1276:
1017:
939:
934:
373:
1860:
1819:
1554:
1436:
944:
924:
838:
253:
23:
1829:
575:
1774:
1694:
1564:
1484:
1451:
1426:
1371:
1366:
1324:
1271:
1221:
1024:
992:
790:
1664:
1659:
1784:
1759:
1674:
1654:
1624:
1604:
1574:
1546:
1524:
1361:
1092:
985:
833:
742:
585:
454:
160:
1870:
1749:
1814:
1699:
1789:
1764:
1719:
1689:
1589:
1569:
1383:
1378:
1319:
1236:
1206:
1145:
1046:
1007:
1669:
1584:
1579:
1875:
1754:
1704:
1684:
1644:
1559:
1349:
1296:
1241:
1216:
1160:
1061:
1051:
1034:
997:
892:
363:
312:
245:
129:
1679:
1634:
1834:
1769:
1734:
1649:
1639:
1599:
1393:
1344:
1281:
1097:
968:
954:
873:
457:
and mid-Qing coins. Other artifacts recovered are mostly from the 19th and 20th centuries and include
1794:
1729:
1709:
1619:
1609:
1594:
1470:
1311:
1291:
1231:
1201:
1155:
1075:
1012:
914:
825:
273:
108:
639:
1844:
1714:
1629:
1517:
1334:
1329:
1191:
1120:
863:
848:
353:
343:
333:
1899:
1493:
1398:
1388:
1339:
1256:
1211:
1196:
1140:
450:
39:
240:
is a niche but growing discipline. Although there is generally a lack of government support for
1431:
1421:
1354:
397:
338:
180:
50:
689:
614:
1498:
1112:
1029:
776:
200:
1226:
714:
481:
171:
119:
31:
762:
664:
285:
542:
1918:
1893:
737:
580:
453:
and his family lived in as early as 1830. The earliest dated artifacts unearthed are
248:
have been unearthed at sites around the island, helping to give a clearer picture of
735:卢丽珊 (2006-04-02). "出土古堡垒，为何又入土？ (Why has an excavated fort been filled in again?)".
1403:
458:
438:
434:
389:
328:
297:
289:
95:
1903:
420:
358:
269:
71:
752:
419:(NUS) for analysis. Significant parts of the fort, which was demolished after
241:
147:
589:
1261:
813:
470:
249:
518:
1446:
474:
425:
385:
307:
292:. Since then, places where site surveys have been carried out include:
261:
60:
1509:
782:
494:
462:
401:
265:
138:
81:
844:
Founding of modern Singapore and early colonial period (1819–1826)
466:
408:
393:
1513:
786:
411:
samples were collected from the site and have been sent to the
576:"在本地考古很寂寞 (It is lonely to be an archaeologist in Singapore)"
539:"South-east Asia Archaeology—Archaeology in Singapore"
711:"Archaeology in Singapore—St. Andrew's Cathedral"
284:
The first site excavation was carried out in 1984 by
256:
and its subsequent colonial settlement following the
686:"Archaeology in Singapore—Istana Kampong Glam"
636:"Archaeology in Singapore—Fort Tanjong Katong"
1843:
1803:
1545:
1412:
1310:
1173:
1074:
967:
891:
824:
324:There have been site excavations in these areas:
569:
567:
565:
563:
561:
559:
1525:
798:
611:"Archaeology in Singapore—Fort Canning"
218:
8:
469:ceramic ware, and various species of marine
859:British Military Administration (1945–1946)
1532:
1518:
1510:
1179:
1080:
973:
897:
805:
791:
783:
225:
211:
15:
869:Self-governance of Singapore (1955–1962)
661:"Archaeology in Singapore—Padang"
530:
413:Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research
159:
93:
38:
18:
1108:China–Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park
501:housed in Mountbatten Community Club.
7:
14:
1898:
1889:
1888:
874:Merger with Malaysia (1962–1965)
769:
755:
417:National University of Singapore
252:'s history, both concerning the
194:
30:
854:Japanese occupation (1942–1945)
849:Straits Settlements (1826–1942)
318:Singapore Management University
1856:British Indian Ocean Territory
864:Post-war Singapore (1946–1955)
1:
879:Republic of Singapore (1965–
303:National Museum of Singapore
258:founding of modern Singapore
1302:Water supply and sanitation
588:. p. 6. Archived from
276:in chronicles and records.
1941:
1247:National Courtesy Campaign
254:early history of Singapore
24:Early history of Singapore
1884:
1464:
1182:
1083:
976:
900:
1925:Archaeology of Singapore
1605:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
981:Administrative divisions
839:Early history (pre–1819)
834:Archaeology in Singapore
743:Singapore Press Holdings
586:Singapore Press Holdings
508:Promotion of archaeology
465:transfer print ceramic,
455:Dutch East India Company
238:Archaeology in Singapore
161:Archaeology in Singapore
1866:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1146:Singapore Standard (SS)
1242:Long hair in Singapore
349:St. Andrew's Cathedral
1131:Proposed developments
1780:United Arab Emirates
910:Environmental issues
369:Old Parliament House
274:Kingdom of Singapura
201:Singapore portal
109:Kingdom of Singapura
1807:limited recognition
1540:Archaeology of Asia
1267:Population planning
1252:National Day Parade
1088:Economic statistics
344:Istana Kampong Glam
334:Fort Tanjong Katong
313:Saint John's Island
128: •
118: •
80: •
70: •
1257:No U-turn syndrome
1151:Telecommunications
1141:Singapore Exchange
1103:Monetary Authority
574:卢丽珊 (2006-04-23).
423:, were also found
1912:
1911:
1849:other territories
1507:
1506:
1460:
1459:
1355:Singapore English
1169:
1168:
1070:
1069:
1057:Political parties
1003:Foreign relations
963:
962:
398:Chinese porcelain
235:
234:
188:
187:
181:Fort Canning Hill
155:
154:
89:
88:
21:
1932:
1902:
1892:
1891:
1861:Christmas Island
1547:Sovereign states
1534:
1527:
1520:
1511:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1187:Communitarianism
1180:
1116:
1081:
974:
898:
882:
807:
800:
793:
784:
779:
777:Singapore portal
774:
773:
772:
765:
760:
759:
758:
747:
746:
732:
726:
725:
723:
722:
713:. Archived from
707:
701:
700:
698:
697:
688:. Archived from
682:
676:
675:
673:
672:
663:. Archived from
657:
651:
650:
648:
647:
638:. Archived from
632:
626:
625:
623:
622:
613:. Archived from
607:
601:
600:
598:
597:
571:
554:
553:
551:
550:
541:. Archived from
535:
374:Parliament House
227:
220:
213:
199:
198:
197:
168:
167:
104:
103:
47:
46:
34:
19:
16:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1880:
1848:
1839:
1820:Northern Cyprus
1806:
1799:
1541:
1538:
1508:
1503:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1456:
1408:
1306:
1287:Sex trafficking
1282:Public holidays
1227:Eat Frozen Pork
1165:
1114:
1066:
959:
887:
880:
820:
811:
775:
770:
768:
761:
756:
754:
751:
750:
734:
733:
729:
720:
718:
709:
708:
704:
695:
693:
684:
683:
679:
670:
668:
659:
658:
654:
645:
643:
634:
633:
629:
620:
618:
609:
608:
604:
595:
593:
573:
572:
557:
548:
546:
537:
536:
532:
527:
521:from breeding.
510:
490:
482:Singapore River
382:
282:
231:
195:
193:
172:Singapore Stone
120:Sang Nila Utama
22:
12:
11:
5:
1938:
1936:
1928:
1927:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1896:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1489:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1277:Public housing
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1018:Prime Minister
1015:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
989:
988:
977:
971:
965:
964:
961:
960:
958:
957:
952:
947:
942:
940:Urban planning
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
901:
895:
889:
888:
886:
885:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
830:
828:
822:
821:
812:
810:
809:
802:
795:
787:
781:
780:
766:
763:History portal
749:
748:
741:(in Chinese).
727:
702:
677:
652:
627:
602:
584:(in Chinese).
555:
529:
528:
526:
523:
509:
506:
489:
486:
451:Sultan Hussein
381:
378:
377:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
322:
321:
315:
310:
305:
300:
286:John N. Miksic
281:
278:
233:
232:
230:
229:
222:
215:
207:
204:
203:
190:
189:
186:
185:
183:
177:
176:
174:
164:
163:
157:
156:
153:
152:
150:
144:
143:
141:
135:
134:
132:
125:
124:
122:
115:
114:
112:
100:
99:
91:
90:
87:
86:
84:
77:
76:
74:
67:
66:
64:
56:
55:
53:
43:
42:
36:
35:
27:
26:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1937:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1830:South Ossetia
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
987:
986:Town Councils
984:
983:
982:
979:
978:
975:
972:
970:
966:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
945:Urban renewal
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
899:
896:
894:
890:
884:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
808:
803:
801:
796:
794:
789:
788:
785:
778:
767:
764:
753:
744:
740:
739:
738:Lianhe Zaobao
731:
728:
717:on 2007-05-05
716:
712:
706:
703:
692:on 2007-05-05
691:
687:
681:
678:
667:on 2007-05-05
666:
662:
656:
653:
642:on 2006-08-13
641:
637:
631:
628:
617:on 2007-04-29
616:
612:
606:
603:
592:on 2013-02-10
591:
587:
583:
582:
581:Lianhe Zaobao
577:
570:
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
556:
545:on 2007-05-05
544:
540:
534:
531:
524:
522:
520:
514:
507:
505:
502:
498:
496:
487:
485:
483:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
461:earthenware,
460:
456:
452:
446:
444:
440:
436:
430:
428:
427:
422:
418:
414:
410:
405:
403:
399:
396:glass beads,
395:
391:
387:
379:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
364:Empress Place
362:
360:
357:
355:
354:Colombo Court
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
326:
325:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
295:
294:
293:
291:
287:
279:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
242:archeological
239:
228:
223:
221:
216:
214:
209:
208:
206:
205:
202:
192:
191:
184:
182:
179:
178:
175:
173:
170:
169:
166:
165:
162:
158:
151:
149:
146:
145:
142:
140:
137:
136:
133:
131:
127:
126:
123:
121:
117:
116:
113:
111:
110:
106:
105:
102:
101:
98:
97:
92:
85:
83:
79:
78:
75:
73:
69:
68:
65:
63:
62:
58:
57:
54:
52:
49:
48:
45:
44:
41:
37:
33:
29:
28:
25:
17:
1845:Dependencies
1775:Turkmenistan
1744:
1740:Saudi Arabia
1485:Bibliography
1427:Coat of arms
1404:Singaporeans
1325:Architecture
1272:Prostitution
1222:Demographics
1040:Conscription
1025:Human rights
993:Constitution
745:. p. 4.
736:
730:
719:. Retrieved
715:the original
705:
694:. Retrieved
690:the original
680:
669:. Retrieved
665:the original
655:
644:. Retrieved
640:the original
630:
619:. Retrieved
615:the original
605:
594:. Retrieved
590:the original
579:
547:. Retrieved
543:the original
533:
515:
511:
503:
499:
491:
479:
447:
431:
424:
406:
390:Yuan dynasty
383:
329:Fort Canning
323:
298:Drama Centre
290:Fort Canning
283:
237:
236:
107:
96:Malay Annals
94:
59:
1904:Asia portal
1805:States with
1725:Philippines
1665:South Korea
1660:North Korea
1555:Afghanistan
1297:Social fund
1093:Agriculture
445:dynasties.
421:World War I
380:Major finds
359:Duxton Hill
270:Long Ya Men
244:work, many
130:Parameswara
72:Long Ya Men
20:Part of the
1785:Uzbekistan
1760:Tajikistan
1675:Kyrgyzstan
1655:Kazakhstan
1575:Bangladesh
1565:Azerbaijan
1384:Mass media
1379:Literature
1207:Disability
1115:(currency)
1047:Parliament
1008:Government
930:Reservoirs
721:2006-04-26
696:2006-04-26
671:2006-04-26
646:2006-04-26
621:2006-04-26
596:2006-04-26
549:2006-04-26
525:References
519:mosquitoes
488:Challenges
471:gastropods
148:Hang Nadim
1871:Hong Kong
1825:Palestine
1750:Sri Lanka
1745:Singapore
1625:Indonesia
1442:Lion head
1350:Languages
1262:OB marker
1217:Education
1161:Transport
1062:President
998:Elections
950:Waterways
893:Geography
814:Singapore
400:ware and
388:from the
250:Singapore
246:artifacts
1919:Category
1894:Category
1815:Abkhazia
1765:Thailand
1720:Pakistan
1700:Mongolia
1695:Maldives
1690:Malaysia
1590:Cambodia
1494:Category
1394:Religion
1345:Gambling
1136:Reserves
1098:Aviation
1035:Military
969:Politics
955:Wildlife
818:articles
475:bivalves
467:Japanese
463:European
392:period,
386:ceramics
272:and the
40:Topynymy
1790:Vietnam
1705:Myanmar
1685:Lebanon
1615:Georgia
1570:Bahrain
1560:Armenia
1471:Outline
1447:Merlion
1414:Symbols
1372:history
1367:culture
1335:Cuisine
1312:Culture
1292:Smoking
1232:Five Cs
1202:Driving
1175:Society
1156:Tourism
1113:Dollar
1076:Economy
1013:Cabinet
920:Islands
915:Geology
905:Beaches
881:present
826:History
426:in situ
415:at the
404:coins.
308:Punggol
296:Former
262:Temasek
61:Temasek
1835:Taiwan
1770:Turkey
1735:Russia
1670:Kuwait
1650:Jordan
1640:Israel
1600:Cyprus
1585:Brunei
1580:Bhutan
1499:Portal
1452:Pledge
1437:Flower
1422:Anthem
1399:Sports
1330:Cinema
1237:Health
1192:Caning
1126:Labour
1121:Energy
1052:Police
935:Rivers
816:
495:Brunei
402:copper
394:Indian
339:Padang
320:campus
266:Ban Zu
139:Badang
82:Ban Zu
51:Sabana
1876:Macau
1795:Yemen
1755:Syria
1730:Qatar
1710:Nepal
1645:Japan
1620:India
1610:Egypt
1595:China
1478:Index
1389:Music
1340:Dance
1212:Women
1197:Crime
925:Parks
459:Malay
409:coral
280:Sites
1715:Oman
1680:Laos
1635:Iraq
1630:Iran
1432:Flag
1362:LGBT
473:and
441:and
439:Song
435:Tang
1847:and
1320:Art
1030:Law
443:Jin
288:at
1921::
578:.
558:^
484:.
477:.
437:,
429:.
268:,
264:,
1533:e
1526:t
1519:v
883:)
806:e
799:t
792:v
724:.
699:.
674:.
649:.
624:.
599:.
552:.
226:e
219:t
212:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
