677:. The festival spans ten days, with the last five being the most significant. During this time, elaborate rituals are performed both in homes and public spaces, including the construction of temporary structures called pandals. Durga Puja features scripture recitations, performances, feasting, gift-giving, and public processions known as melā. It holds great significance in the Shaktism tradition of Hinduism and coincides with Navaratri and Dussehra celebrations observed by other Hindu traditions. The festival celebrates not only the triumph of good over evil but also serves as a harvest festival, honoring Durga as the motherly power behind life and creation. Durga Puja involves the worship of various deities, including Lakshmi, Saraswati, Ganesha, and Kartikeya, alongside Durga. It culminates with the immersion of clay sculptures of the goddess into rivers or water bodies, symbolizing her return to the divine cosmos.
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649:, with the rituals helping the devotee focus on the spiritual concepts. Puja in Hinduism, writes Zimmer, is a path and process of transformation of consciousness, where the devotee and the spiritual significance of the deity are brought together. This ritual puja process, in different parts of India, is considered to be liberating, releasing, purifying and a form of Yoga of spirit and emotions.
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543:, which provide rules for domestic rites. These sutras, dated to be about 500 BC, use the term puja to describe the hospitality to honour priests who were invited to one's home to lead rituals for departed ancestors. As with vedic times, the general concept of puja remained the same, but expanded to welcoming the deity along with the deity's spiritual essence as one's honored guest. The
890:; these steps may vary according to region, tradition, setting, or time particularly in ways the deity is hosted. In this example, the deity is invited as a guest, the devotee hosts and takes care of the deity as an honored guest, hymns and food are offered to the deity, after an expression of love and respect the host takes leave and with affection expresses good bye to the deity.
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695:. Gurus are sometimes chosen as objects of puja and honoured as living gods or seen as the embodiment of specific deities. Gurus are sometimes adorned with symbolic clothes, garlands and other ornaments, and celebrated with incense, washing and anointing their feet, giving them fruits, food and drink and meditating at their feet, asking for their blessing.
706:, also known as Annakut or Annakoot, is a Hindu festival celebrated on the first lunar day of the bright fortnight of the month of Kartika, typically falling on the fourth day of Diwali. During this festival, devotees honor Govardhan Hill and express gratitude to Lord Krishna by preparing and offering a diverse array of vegetarian foods.
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worship is not as ancient as
Hinduism. Collins states that the roots may be "pu" (flower) and "ge" (make), or a form of "making flower sacrifice". However, this proposal is problematic because "pu" comes from an Indo-European root, while "ge" from Dravidian. Charpentier suggests the origin of the word
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literatures as valid sources of authority), Śabara concluded that the gods are neither corporeal nor sentient and thus unable to enjoy offerings or own property. For this he appealed to empirical observation, noting that offerings do not decrease in size when given to the gods; any decrease is simply
1200:
reports that the Hindu diaspora brought as indentured laborers to
Trinidad by the British colonial government, suffered discriminatory laws that did not recognize traditional Hindu marriages or inheritance rights of children from a traditional Hindu marriage, nor did the non-Hindu majority government
652:
Puja in
Hinduism sometimes involves themes beyond idols or images. Even persons, places, rivers, concrete objects or anything is seen as manifestations of divine reality by some Hindus. The access to the divine is not limited to renunciatory meditation as in yoga school of Hinduism or idols in bhakti
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For followers of
Vaishnavism, Govardhan Puja commemorates the event described in the Bhagavata Purana where Lord Krishna lifted Govardhan Hill to shield the villagers of Vrindavan from heavy rainfall. This act symbolizes divine protection for devotees who wholly rely on God for refuge. To mark this
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allow pyre cremation or construction of crematorium. These Hindu rituals were considered pagan and uncivilized. Pujas offered a way for Hindus to meet, socially organize and petition their human rights. Over time, pujas became as much a social and community recreational event as a religious event.
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domestic traditions and was carried into the temple environment by analogy: just as important guests had long been welcomed in well-to-do homes and offered things that pleased them, so too were the gods welcomed in temple-homes and offered things that pleased them. Copper-plate charters recording
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whose final result aims to be the consciousness of god through homage to god. Nevertheless, even with this evolved theoretical spiritual significance, many people use puja as vehicle to petition desires and appeals, such as for good health of one's child, speedy recovery from illness, success in
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and other offerings. Kewangen means aromatic, and it is made from leaves and flowers in form of auspicious Vedic symbols. Balinese use kewangen to worship the divine, both in form of
Purusha (soul) and Pradana (body). As with India, Balinese make offerings, including symbolic inclusion of fire,
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is unlikely to be of Indo-Aryan and Vedic origin because it lacks a
Sanskrit root and it also lacks cognate parallels in other Indo-European languages. Its root are probably Dravidian in origin, but the evidence for this alternative hypothesis is also largely missing possibly because devotional
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The word Pūjā is thus derived: Pūḥ means 'the achievement of the fruits of enjoyment.' By the rite one achieves the fruits. Jāyate means "is born." Good ideas, knowledge etc. also are included in this. The word Pūjā is used in this sense amongst the people as well as in the sacred
1128:), or chanting hymns and mantras, then personal prayers follow. After the prayer is finished, the spiritual visitor as the guest is affectionately thanked and greeted goodbye. A quick meditative puja is sometimes offered by some Hindus without an idol or image. According to
1240:(9: 1: 5: 6–9), Śabara examined the popular understanding of the gods and attempted to refute the belief that they have material bodies, are able to eat the offerings made to them, and are capable of being pleased and so able to reward worshippers. Basing himself on the
258:, clarified butter wicks, bells, flowers, incense sticks, cones, roli or kumkum (a red powder with turmeric mixed in applied to the forehead), rice, tilakam, chandanam (sandal sticks), idols, and samagri havanam are some common items utilized in puja. In Hinduism,
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143:, the loving offering of light, flowers, and water or food to the divine, is the essential ritual of Hinduism. For the worshipper, the divine is visible in the image, and the divinity sees the worshipper. The interaction between human and deity, between
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due to exposure to the air. Likewise he argued that substances are offered to gods not according to the wishes of the gods, but that "what is vouched for by direct perception is that the things are used according to the wishes of the temple servants (
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school. For some the divine is everywhere, without limit to its form, and a puja to these manifestations signifies the same spiritual meaning to those who choose to offer a prayer to persons, places, rivers, concrete objects or anything else.
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A quick puja has the same structure as acts people would ordinarily perform for a quick reception, hospitality and affectionate interaction with a beloved guest. First the deity is greeted, acknowledged by name and welcomed, sometimes with a
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to offer devotional homage and prayer to one or more deities, to host and honour a guest, or to spiritually celebrate an event. It may honour or celebrate the presence of special guests, or their memories after they die. The word
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In the earliest texts describing Vedic puja, the significance of puja was to host the priest so that he could make direct requests to the gods. An example petition prayer made during a Vedic puja, according to Wade
Wheelock, is:
806:
669:, also known as Durgotsava or Sharodotsav, is an annual festival celebrated in the Indian subcontinent, particularly in Bengal, Assam, and other eastern Indian states as well as in Bangladesh. It honors the Hindu goddess
558:
in
Hinduism, has been modelled on the idea of hosting a deity, or important person, as an honoured and dearest guest in the best way one can, given one's resources, and receiving their happiness and blessing in return.
397:
in hymn 8.17 uses the word "Sachipujanayam" (शाचिपूजनायं) in the twelfth verse, where it is an epithet for god Indra in a context of vocative singular "praise". The ancient scholar and Vedic text commentator
1848:
Charpentier, J. (1926), “Über den
Begriff und die Etymologie von Pujå.” Beiträge zur Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte Indiens, Festgabe Hermann Jacobi zum 75, Geburstag. Ed. W. Kirfel, Bonn, pp.
551:). Deity puja thus melds Vedic rites with devotion to deity in its ritual form. As with many others aspects of Hinduism, both Vedic puja and devotional deity puja continued, the choice left to the Hindu.
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Pūjā in
Hinduism has served as a means for Hindu communities outside India to gather, socialize, discover new friends and sometimes discuss ways to address social discrimination of Hindus. For example,
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Puja in Hinduism may accompany a group chant, a priest reading aloud, a barely audible recital, or a silent meditative event. Above: A Sanskrit recital at puja ritual. (Male voice, 4 minutes 54 seconds)
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referred to the hospitable reception of guests and that the things offered to guests could be offered to the gods and their dwellings. The rituals in question were the "five great sacrifices" or
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In the course of his discussion, Śabara's asserted that "there is no relation between the case of guests and the sacrificial act." This incidental remark provided sound historical proof that
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venture envisioned or such. In the structure and practice of puja, the mantras and rituals focus on spirituality, and any petitions and appeals are tacked only to the end of the puja.
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is typically performed by a Hindu worshiper alone, though sometimes in the presence of a priest who is well-versed in complex rituals and hymns. In temples and priest-assisted events
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ceremonies, an idol or icon or image of a deity is present. In both ceremonies, a lamp (Diya) or incense stick may be lit while a prayer is chanted or a hymn is sung.
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is not mandatory in Hinduism. It may be a routine daily affair for some Hindus, a periodic ritual for some, and rare for other Hindus. In some temples, various
379:’पूजा’ in Sanskrit means to "honour, respect; homage, worship, adoration; hospitable reception or showing honour or homage in a house of worship, the temple.
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Sembahyang (puja) is an obligation for Balinese Hindus, the prayers and hymns are derived from the Vedas. A family typically offers prayers every day, with
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2423:
Brettell, C (2005). "Voluntary organizations, social capital, and the social incorporation of Asian Indian immigrants in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex".
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The purpose of the requests are to burn the past karmas to be able to experience oneness with the Brahman through the help of the deity. It is a form of
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occasion, devotees present a symbolic "mountain of food" representing Govardhan Hill as an offering to God, reaffirming their faith and devotion.
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746:) pūjā is more elaborate than the domestic versions and typically done several times a day. They are also performed by a temple priest, or
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1941:, pp. 2–5, who attributes the decline of old śrauta practices to a number of factors one of which was the emergence of ‘iconic ritual’.
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1229:. The earliest surviving commentary was by Śabara who lived around the end of the fourth century. Śabara's commentary, known as
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Clockwise from top left: Group puja in North India, a puja in a South Indian temple, a family puja inside a home, Aarati at puja
292:, food, fruits, and sweets may be included as sacrificial offerings to the ceremony or deity, which, after the prayers, becomes
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2048:
Tracy Pintchman (2008), "Raising Krishna with Love: Maternal devotion as a form of yoga in a women's ritual tradition", in
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led to theirs being a minority view. Mīmāṃsakas flourished even into the 17th century, as evidenced by the commentaries of
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53:
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Chandra Jayawardena, "Religious Belief and Social Change: Aspects of the Development of Hinduism in British Guiana",
1275:
While the Mīmāṃsakas continued to maintain this interpretation for centuries, their defeat in debate at the hands of
1272:, the ancient Vedic tradition of welcoming guests. What Śabara was maintaining was that this analogy was not valid.
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or lighted incense stick. The devotee proceeds to connect with the spiritual manifestation by meditating (a form of
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Archana puja is a brief intercessionary puja on behalf of an individual that can be undertaken after the main puja.
184:, sacred thread ceremony or upanayana ceremony for the Brahmins or to begin a new venture. The two main areas where
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2316:, Vols. 1 and 2, Motilal Banarsidass; see also her publications on Shiva Temple pujas, Princeton University Press.
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https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/macdonell_query.py?qs=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE&searchhws=yes
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In the case of great spiritual masters, there is also a custom to perform puja for a living person especially at
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corpus of literature, dating from about 6th century CE, contain extensive outline on how to perform deity puja (
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grants of lands to temples show that this religious practice was actively encouraged from the mid-4th century.
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1167:. The word originates from two words in old Javanese: sembah and hyang. Sembah means to respect and bow down;
756:
is modified to reflect that; for example the deity is "awakened" rather than "invoked" in the morning. Temple
2204:
Seeing Krishna in America: the Hindu Bhakti tradition of Vallabhacharya in India and its movement to the West
752:. In addition, the temple deity (patron god or goddess) is considered a resident rather than a guest, so the
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is performed are in the home and at temples to mark certain stages of life, events or some festivals such as
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held pride of place in Mīmāṃsā in that Sabara's understanding was taken as definitive by all later writers.
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1175:, holy man, and ancestors. So to pray means to respect, bow down, surrender to the divine and ancestors.
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2396:
I. Wayan Dibia, "Odalan of Hindu Bali: A Religious Festival, a Social Occasion and a Theatrical Event",
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31:
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2159:"Guru Purnima 2019: Know The Importance, Significance, Puja Tithi, Celebrations of The Day of 'Gurus'"
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refers to the rite by which one attains fruits of enjoyment of things like good ideas and knowledge.
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The structure of elaborate puja also varies significantly between temples, regions, and occasions.
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may be performed daily at various times of the day; in other temples, they may be occasional.
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is held to mark a few lifetime events such as the birth of a baby, house entering ceremony or
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is accepted as a valid religious activity by Hindus at large, it has long been criticised by
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in the context of rites, as does Sanskrit scholar Pāṇini. However, none of these texts imply
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varies according to the sect, region, occasion, deity honored, and steps followed. In formal
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Govardhan Puja is widely observed by various Hindu denominations across India and beyond.
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is roughly translated into English as 'reverence, honour, homage, adoration, or worship'.
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1017:. The worshipper and family bow or prostrate themselves before the image to offer homage.
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vary widely from region to region and for different sects, with devotional hymns sung at
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1667:
1003:. Foods such as cooked rice, fruit, clarified butter, sugar, and betel leaf are offered.
768:, there is often less active participation, with the priest acting on behalf of others.
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done in the home, or occasional temple ceremonies and annual festivals. In other cases,
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945:(“clothing”). Here a cloth may be wrapped around the image and ornaments affixed to it.
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Indra-Agni, slayers of Vrtra with the beautiful thunderbolt, prosper us with new gifts;
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has identified 16 steps (shodasha upachara) that are common in all varieties of puja:
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is done on a variety of occasions, frequencies, and settings. It may include a daily
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2133:"How Durga Puja became one of the world's largest unofficial public arts festivals"
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2032:, McGill Studies in the History of Religions, State University of New York Press,
1899:, McGill Studies in the History of Religions, State University of New York Press,
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1962:. Prajñādhara: Gouriswar Bhattacharya Felicitation Volume. Delhi: Gerd Mevissen.
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Prajñādhara: Gouriswar Bhattacharya Felicitation Volume, Edited by Gerd Mevissen
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A traditional puja is performed at the Swami Ayyappan Temple in East London, UK.
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2019:. Translated by Gerald Chapple and James B. Lawson, Princeton University Press.
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1956:"The Formation of Temple Ritual in the Gupta Period: pūjā and pañcamahāyajña"
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1933:(Vienna, 1988): p. 33; Shingo Einoo, "The Formation of the Pūjā Ceremony,"
979:. Flowers are offered before the image, or garlands draped around its neck.
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2206:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers.
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309:, Indonesia, Agama puja is most prevalent inside homes and in temples.
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A prayer chant during Hindu puja. (Female voice, 2 minutes 11 seconds)
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2497:(Delhi, 1983): pp. 9–10 where a summary of much scholarship is given.
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1557:(Joanne Punzo Waghorne, Norman Cutler, and Vasudha Narayanan, eds),
904:(“invocation”). The deity is invited to the ceremony from the heart.
1955:
85:(worship), in different forms. Clockwise from top left: Individual
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explains the term as a form of "praise, worship, invocation". The
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1935:
Studien zur Indologie und Iranistik (Festschrift für Paul Thieme)
1047:(“Meditation”). The deity is invoked in the heart of the devotee.
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1160:
1148:
776:
730:
306:
277:
224:
148:
3681:
2563:
3709:
629:
Give vigour, wealth in cattle, and possession of good horses.
831:
786:
3770:
3360:
2999:
2946:
2341:
The Camphor Flame – Popular Hinduism and Society in India
2256:, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, p. 67,
2250:
The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India
1221:
thinkers. The foundational work of this school was the
535:
According to scholars, one of the earliest mentions of
431:
305:
are practised in Hinduism in India. In the Hinduism of
104:
1225:
or "Aphorisms for Enquiry into the Act," composed by
2556:, Volume 21, Issue 3, pp. 29–32, December 1997.
2017:
Artistic Form and Yoga in the Sacred Images of India
280:, without an idol or image present. In contrast, in
5090:
5055:
4881:
4816:
4723:
4650:
4643:
4542:
4445:
4436:
4344:
4230:
4187:
4154:
4072:
4046:
4009:
3988:
3979:
3971:
3887:
3756:
3747:
3649:
3609:
3558:
3551:
3525:
3452:
3406:
3336:
3285:
3184:
3018:
2980:
2891:
2806:
2738:
2685:
2678:
2597:
1937:20 (1996): 74. A different view is found in Smith,
927:. Water is offered so the deity may wash its mouth.
519:meaning 'achievement of fruits of enjoyment' while
455:
1612:. Vol. 11. Thomson Gale. pp. 7493–7495.
1259:pratyakṣāt pramāṇāt devatāparicārakāṇām abhiprāyaḥ
1089:There are variations in this puja method such as:
276:ceremonies, a fire may be lit in honor of the god
1790:
1788:
1786:
1769:. Princeton University Press. pp. 241–242.
995:. A burning lamp is waved in front of the image.
625:O Agni grant the enjoyments of a good household;
454:'to do'). Tamil roots have also been suggested:
1096:Chatushasti upachara puja (puja with 64 steps).
1916:Paul Thieme, "Indische Wörter und Sitten", in
921:Water is offered for washing the head and body
886:or "attendances". The following is an example
621:O Indra, bring treasures with your right hand;
507:is derived from cognate of two Sanskrit words
3693:
2575:
2463:"Hinduism in the Indian Diaspora in Trinidad"
2327:"Visiting a Hindu Temple; A Beginner's Guide"
1317:
8:
1741:, University of Chicago Press, pages 161–162
1093:Pancha upachara puja (puja with five steps).
2413:, Vol. 8, No. 2 (January 1966), pp. 211–240
2230:, (HIL I.I) Wiesbaden: OH; also Jan Gonda,
1828:. Princeton University Press. p. 241.
1565:, Columbia University Press, see Chapter 2.
1292:
918:. The deity's feet are symbolically washed.
215:All significant Indian holidays, including
4647:
4442:
4015:
3985:
3753:
3700:
3686:
3678:
3555:
2682:
2582:
2568:
2560:
2495:Hermeneutics and Language in Pūrva Mīmāṃsā
2411:Comparative Studies in Society and History
1750:{{cite dictionary=UChicago dictionary|url=
1311:
780:Bhoga (food) to be offered to God for puja
673:and celebrates her victory over the demon
2478:
2456:
2454:
2400:, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Spring 1985), pp. 61–65.
2228:Vedic Literature (Samhitäs and Brähmanas)
2085:Jessica Frazer & Gavin Flood (2011),
1038:Sometimes additional steps are included:
2109:The illustrated encyclopedia of Hinduism
2087:The Continuum Companion to Hindu Studies
2074:Darśan: Seeing the Divine Image in India
2068:
2066:
1534:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism
1139:
1059:. The deity is decorated with ornaments.
939:. Water is offered for symbolic bathing.
720:
523:refers to 'something to be born'. Hence
414:as a form of devotional prayer worship.
1801:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 96–98.
1631:
1629:
1525:
2351:
2349:
2184:
2174:
1990:
1988:
1891:
1889:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1147:family offers puja at a Hindu Temple,
868:
819:
430:. Two possible Malayalam roots may be
93:, prayers to Sri Malai Perumal, Durga
2550:"Puja, Expressions of Hindu Devotion"
2506:The case is summarised in M. Willis,
1725:
1723:
1682:
1680:
1663:
1661:
1659:
987:. Incense is burned before the image.
7:
1163:Indonesia, puja is sometimes called
1031:. Circumambulation around the deity.
5297:
2157:Desk, India com Buzz (2019-07-13).
2030:Ritual Worship of the Great Goddess
1897:Ritual Worship of the Great Goddess
1639:The Blackwell companion to Hinduism
130:) is a worship ritual performed by
2467:Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies
1798:Drama and Ritual of Early Hinduism
1688:Hinduism: a path of ancient wisdom
1424:List of materials used in Hinduism
1191:As a social and human rights event
1085:The deity is moved from the place.
25:
2234:(4 volumes), Leiden: E. J. Brill.
2111:(1st ed.). New York: Rosen.
1593:, 3rd Edition, David Smith, p. 45
764:temples for example. At a temple
478:'to do') or similar Telugu roots
5296:
5286:
5277:
5276:
5265:
3970:
3716:
3708:
2356:"How Balinese Worship their God"
2028:Hillary Peter Rodrigues (2003),
1895:Hillary Peter Rodrigues (2003),
1341:
882:can include several traditional
869:Problems playing this file? See
847:
820:Problems playing this file? See
802:
581:texts (for this literature, see
383:states that "puja" emerged from
360:
351:
340:
331:
176:, first rice-eating ceremony or
72:
63:
52:
43:
5266:
2534:The Archaeology of Hindu Ritual
2521:The Archaeology of Hindu Ritual
2508:The Archaeology of Hindu Ritual
1979:The Archaeology of Hindu Ritual
1504:The Archaeology of Hindu Ritual
1053:. Water is offered for sipping.
957:. Putting on the sacred thread.
298:– food shared by all gathered.
5191:Relations with other religions
2510:(Cambridge, 2009): pp. 208–10.
1931:Pūjā: A Study of Smarta Ritual
1708:How Balinese worship their god
1316:) in Thai, and sometimes also
912:. The deity is offered a seat.
563:suggests from passages in the
1:
2343:, Princeton University Press.
2202:Richardson, E. Allen (2014).
2107:Lochtefeld, James G. (2002).
1981:. Cambridge University Press.
1939:Vedic Sacrifice in Transition
1872:Shastri, Jagdish Lal (1977).
1610:Gale encyclopedia of religion
1591:Religions in the Modern World
1209:in the Pūrva Mīmāṃsaka school
460:'to smear with something' or
436:'to smear with something' or
417:According to Natalia Lidova,
2532:The passage given inWillis,
2461:O'Callaghan, Marion (1998).
2076:, Chambersburg: Anima Books.
1920:(Wiesbaden, 1984) 2: 343–70.
1875:The Śiva-Purāṇa: Volumes 1-4
1420:, many of which involve puja
2339:Christopher Fuller (1992),
2050:Theory and Practice of Yoga
1973:Willis, Michael D. (2009).
1860:Glimpses of Indian Heritage
1608:Lindsay Jones, ed. (2005).
1555:Gods of Flesh/Gods of Stone
1323:
1298:
492:
486:
480:
474:
468:
466:"to do with flowers" (from
462:
456:
450:
444:
442:"to do with flowers" (from
438:
432:
387:rituals, linking it to the
126:
105:
5359:
2381:"Bali – Land of Offerings"
2137:Architectural Digest India
1825:Hinduism: Past and Present
1766:Hinduism: Past and Present
1268:was built on analogy with
1244:(he refused to accept the
684:
554:As a historical practice,
29:
5263:
4018:
3968:
3726:
2523:(2009): p. 323, note 208.
2425:Anthropological Quarterly
2312:Stella Kramrisch (1976),
2015:Zimmer, Heinrich (1984),
1318:
1312:
1293:
115:
27:Prayer ritual in Hinduism
4335:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
1686:Hiro G. Badlani (2008),
1636:Flood, Gavin D. (2002).
1499:Tapas (Indian religions)
1368:Coconut: use for worship
1236:In his chapter entitled
243:, have rituals known as
4414:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
3610:Fruits and other plants
1795:Natalia Lidova (1994).
1672:Encyclopædia Britannica
1484:Sacred food as offering
1418:List of Hindu festivals
1065:. Offering of umbrella.
645:Zimmer relates puja to
4389:Eighteen Greater Texts
2480:10.7825/2164-6279.1178
2368:Bali Indonesia (2009).
1822:Axel Michaels (2004).
1763:Axel Michaels (2004).
1717:Bali Indonesia (2009).
1383:Guru-shishya tradition
1156:
1116:
878:A full home or temple
836:
791:
781:
737:
635:
607:
585:). The development of
301:Both Nigama and Agama
5142:Hindu gurus and sants
4394:Eighteen Lesser Texts
2437:10.1353/anq.2005.0052
2398:Asian Theatre Journal
1996:Understanding Mantras
1729:Yves Bonnefoy (ed.),
1363:Buddhist prayer beads
1173:Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa
1171:means divine, God or
1143:
1114:
835:
790:
779:
724:
613:
605:
381:J. A. B. van Buitenen
32:Puja (disambiguation)
5132:Anti-Hindu sentiment
2301:Sixty four Upacharas
1553:Paul Courtright, in
1494:Seven stages of Yoga
1439:Panchalinga Darshana
1136:In Balinese Hinduism
843:Guru Stotram recital
313:is sometimes called
30:For other uses, see
5238:Hinduism by country
4404:Iraiyanar Akapporul
4364:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
2591:Worship in Hinduism
2554:Museum Anthropology
2072:Eck, Diana (1981),
1713:(January 4, 2008),
1642:. Wiley-Blackwell.
1579:Sanskrit Dictionary
1509:Worship in Hinduism
1071:Offering of fan or
725:A puja ceremony at
428:Dravidian languages
160:In Hindu practice,
3010:Om Namo Narayanaya
2366:Pedoman Sembahyang
2362:(January 4, 2008)
2226:Jan Gonda (1975),
2187:has generic name (
2052:(Knut Joacobsen),
1952:Willis, Michael D.
1878:. M. Banarsidass.
1715:Pedoman Sembahyang
1532:James Lochtefeld,
1393:Hindu prayer beads
1252:texts or even the
1198:Marion O'Callaghan
1157:
1117:
837:
792:
782:
738:
608:
589:thus emerged from
97:ritual in progress
18:Archana (Hinduism)
5310:
5309:
5086:
5085:
4639:
4638:
4432:
4431:
4346:Sangam literature
4302:Yājñavalkya Smṛti
4150:
4149:
3966:
3965:
3675:
3674:
3645:
3644:
3636:Tulasi Vrindavana
2887:
2886:
2849:Panchayatana puja
2263:978-0-691-12048-5
2213:978-0-7864-5973-5
2118:978-0-8239-2287-1
2095:978-0-8264-9966-0
1994:Harvey P. Alper,
1835:978-0-691-08953-9
1808:978-81-208-1234-5
1776:978-0-691-08953-9
1731:Asian mythologies
1649:978-0-631-21535-6
1619:978-0-02-865980-0
1489:Satyanarayan Puja
1408:Indian honorifics
1388:Hindu iconography
1223:Karmamīmāṃsāsūtra
856:
807:
499:According to the
124:
16:(Redirected from
5350:
5300:
5299:
5290:
5280:
5279:
5269:
5268:
5179:Pilgrimage sites
4933:Ganesh Chaturthi
4648:
4443:
4424:Vedarthasamgraha
4419:Vinayagar Agaval
4384:Five Great Epics
4359:Divya Prabandham
4272:Minor Upanishads
4016:
3986:
3974:
3973:
3754:
3720:
3712:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3679:
3556:
3444:Pilgrimage sites
3005:Om Namah Shivaya
2854:Prana Pratishtha
2834:Kumbhabhishekham
2683:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2561:
2537:
2530:
2524:
2517:
2511:
2504:
2498:
2493:Othmar Gächter,
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2458:
2449:
2448:
2420:
2414:
2407:
2401:
2394:
2388:
2377:
2371:
2353:
2344:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2323:
2317:
2314:The Hindu Temple
2310:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2266:, archived from
2255:
2241:
2235:
2232:Selected Studies
2224:
2218:
2217:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2180:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
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2129:
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2104:
2098:
2083:
2077:
2070:
2061:
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2040:
2026:
2020:
2013:
2007:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1948:
1942:
1927:
1921:
1918:Kleine Schriften
1914:
1908:
1907:, see Chapter 3.
1893:
1884:
1883:
1869:
1863:
1858:Varadara Raman,
1856:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1792:
1781:
1780:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1727:
1718:
1705:
1699:
1684:
1675:
1665:
1654:
1653:
1633:
1624:
1623:
1605:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1581:, Germany (2009)
1572:
1566:
1551:
1545:
1530:
1373:Culture of India
1351:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1115:Hindu puja thali
858:
857:
834:
809:
808:
789:
577:recorded in the
495:
489:
483:
477:
471:
465:
459:
453:
447:
441:
435:
391:Vedic rite. The
364:
355:
344:
335:
254:also known as a
233:Ganesh Chaturthi
129:
119:
117:
108:
76:
67:
56:
47:
21:
5358:
5357:
5353:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5328:Hindu practices
5323:Puja (Hinduism)
5313:
5312:
5311:
5306:
5273:
5259:
5082:
5051:
5042:Vasant Panchami
4976:Pahela Baishakh
4958:Makar Sankranti
4877:
4812:
4719:
4635:
4538:
4428:
4409:Abhirami Antati
4379:Kamba Ramayanam
4340:
4226:
4183:
4146:
4068:
4042:
4005:
3975:
3962:
3946:Vishishtadvaita
3883:
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3014:
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2952:Sandhyavandanam
2905:
2883:
2859:Sandhyavandanam
2802:
2734:
2674:
2593:
2588:
2548:Susan S. Bean,
2545:
2540:
2536:(2009): p. 210.
2531:
2527:
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2014:
2010:
1993:
1986:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1950:
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1911:
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1527:
1523:
1518:
1474:Puja (Buddhism)
1464:Prana pratishta
1454:Prana pratishta
1349:Hinduism portal
1347:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1291:Puja is called
1289:
1211:
1193:
1159:In Hinduism of
1138:
1109:
876:
875:
867:
865:
864:
863:
862:
859:
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845:
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832:
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719:
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689:
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634:
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627:
623:
619:
600:
533:
426:may lie in the
374:
373:
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371:
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365:
357:
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347:
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337:
336:
325:
250:For example, a
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68:
59:
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49:
48:
35:
28:
23:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
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4906:Raksha Bandhan
4903:
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4193:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4160:
4158:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4117:Shvetashvatara
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4092:Brihadaranyaka
4089:
4084:
4078:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4013:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3992:
3990:
3989:Classification
3983:
3977:
3976:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3893:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3682:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3562:
3560:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3529:
3527:
3526:Sacred animals
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3419:Dhvajastambham
3416:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3376:Pillaiyar Suḻi
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3342:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2990:Gayatri Mantra
2986:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2691:
2689:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2544:
2543:External links
2541:
2539:
2538:
2525:
2512:
2499:
2486:
2450:
2431:(4): 853–882.
2415:
2402:
2389:
2385:Hinduism Today
2372:
2370:
2369:
2360:The Bali Times
2345:
2332:
2318:
2305:
2276:
2262:
2236:
2219:
2212:
2194:
2149:
2124:
2117:
2099:
2078:
2062:
2058:978-8120832329
2041:
2021:
2008:
1984:
1965:
1943:
1929:G. Bühnemann,
1922:
1909:
1885:
1864:
1851:
1841:
1834:
1814:
1807:
1782:
1775:
1755:
1743:
1739:978-0226064567
1719:
1711:The Bali Times
1700:
1698:, pp. 315–318.
1696:978-0595436361
1676:
1655:
1648:
1625:
1618:
1595:
1583:
1567:
1563:978-0231107778
1546:
1544:, pp. 529–530.
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1336:
1333:
1288:
1287:Regional names
1285:
1238:Devatādikaraṇa
1210:
1203:
1192:
1189:
1137:
1134:
1108:
1105:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1087:
1086:
1076:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1018:
1004:
996:
988:
980:
972:
958:
946:
940:
928:
922:
919:
913:
905:
866:
860:
846:
841:
840:
839:
830:
829:
828:
817:
811:
801:
798:A puja recital
796:
795:
794:
785:
784:
783:
773:
770:
727:Besakih Temple
718:
715:
704:Govardhan Puja
700:
699:Govardhan Puja
697:
682:
679:
663:
660:
658:
655:
614:
599:
596:
575:pañcamahāyajña
569:that the word
532:
529:
369:
368:
359:
358:
350:
349:
348:
339:
338:
330:
329:
328:
327:
326:
324:
321:
319:in Indonesia.
151:, is called a
81:
80:
71:
70:
62:
61:
60:
51:
50:
42:
41:
40:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5355:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5333:Hindu rituals
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5303:
5295:
5293:
5289:
5285:
5283:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5262:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5243:Hindu temples
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5192:
5189:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5147:Hindu studies
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5117:Denominations
5115:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5054:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4927:
4926:Vijayadashami
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4815:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4743:Simantonayana
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4646:
4642:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4541:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4330:
4329:Yoga Vasistha
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4240:Bhagavad Gita
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4180:
4179:Sthapatyaveda
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3703:
3698:
3696:
3691:
3689:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3601:Sacred groves
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3552:Sacred plants
3550:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2922:Brahmamuhurta
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2793:Putrakameshti
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
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2379:Rajiv Malik,
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2329:. April 1991.
2328:
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2290:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2273:on 2013-12-26
2269:
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2246:
2245:Fuller, C. J.
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2039:
2038:0-7914-5399-5
2035:
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2025:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2004:81-208-0746-4
2001:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1980:
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1957:
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1947:
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1403:Homa (ritual)
1401:
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1041:
1040:
1039:
1034:Taking leave.
1033:
1030:
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1024:
1023:
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772:Puja Elements
771:
769:
767:
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759:
755:
751:
750:
745:
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736:
732:
728:
723:
716:
714:
711:
707:
705:
698:
696:
694:
688:
680:
678:
676:
672:
668:
661:
657:Types of Puja
656:
654:
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648:
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633:
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626:
622:
618:
612:
604:
597:
595:
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584:
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567:
562:
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
541:Grihya Sutras
538:
530:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
497:
494:
490:'flower' and
488:
482:
476:
472:'flower' and
470:
464:
458:
452:
448:'flower' and
446:
440:
434:
429:
425:
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396:
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84:
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66:
55:
46:
37:
33:
19:
5253:Architecture
4856:Brahmacharya
4798:Samavartanam
4763:Annaprashana
4669:
4629:
4532:
4333:
4287:Dharmaśāstra
4277:Arthashastra
4112:Maitrayaniya
3944:
3937:
3930:
3852:Brahmacharya
3667:Temple dance
3586:Kalpavriksha
3514:
3395:
3176:Yajnopavitam
3151:Prayer beads
2995:Hare Krishna
2932:Jai Shri Ram
2788:Purushamedha
2705:Panchamakara
2686:
2553:
2533:
2528:
2520:
2515:
2507:
2502:
2494:
2489:
2470:
2466:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2410:
2405:
2397:
2392:
2384:
2375:
2359:
2340:
2335:
2321:
2313:
2308:
2300:
2293:. Retrieved
2289:salagram.net
2288:
2279:
2268:the original
2249:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2203:
2197:
2166:. Retrieved
2162:
2152:
2141:. Retrieved
2139:. 2024-02-13
2136:
2127:
2108:
2102:
2086:
2081:
2073:
2049:
2044:
2029:
2024:
2016:
2011:
2006:, Chapter 3.
1995:
1978:
1968:
1959:
1946:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1917:
1912:
1896:
1879:
1874:
1867:
1859:
1854:
1844:
1824:
1817:
1797:
1765:
1758:
1746:
1730:
1710:
1703:
1687:
1671:
1638:
1609:
1590:
1586:
1578:
1570:
1554:
1549:
1533:
1528:
1398:Hindu temple
1358:Añjali Mudrā
1307:
1290:
1277:Śaṅkarācārya
1274:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1237:
1235:
1231:Śabarabhāṣya
1230:
1222:
1214:
1212:
1206:
1205:Critique of
1194:
1183:incense and
1179:
1177:
1164:
1158:
1130:Chris Fuller
1125:
1121:
1118:
1102:
1099:
1088:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1042:
1037:
1026:
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974:
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948:
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907:
901:
887:
883:
879:
877:
765:
757:
753:
747:
741:
739:
712:
708:
702:
693:Guru Purnima
690:
665:
651:
644:
636:
628:
624:
620:
616:
615:
609:
598:Significance
586:
578:
574:
570:
564:
555:
553:
548:
536:
534:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
501:Shiva Purana
498:
423:
418:
416:
411:
407:
403:
392:
388:
376:
375:
315:
310:
302:
300:
293:
289:
285:
273:
269:
268:
259:
249:
244:
229:Karva Chauth
214:
209:
205:
202:Lakshmi Puja
185:
177:
174:grihapravesh
173:
169:
165:
161:
159:
152:
140:
136:
103:
102:
94:
90:
86:
82:
36:
5302:WikiProject
5174:Persecution
5162:Nationalism
5152:Iconography
5032:Ratha Yatra
4943:Janmashtami
4938:Rama Navami
4866:Vanaprastha
4817:Varnashrama
4793:Ritushuddhi
4778:Vidyarambha
4768:Chudakarana
4758:Nishkramana
4733:Garbhadhana
4374:Thirukkural
4369:Thiruppugal
4297:Nāradasmṛti
4260:Mahabharata
4038:Atharvaveda
3916:Vaisheshika
3803:Puruṣārthas
3657:Firewalking
3622:Kusha grass
3566:Akshayavata
3429:Temple tank
3338:Iconography
3286:Instruments
3242:Panchagavya
3136:Panchamrita
3041:Banana leaf
2798:Viraja Homa
2730:Pushpanjali
2710:Panchamrita
2598:Main topics
2295:25 December
2285:"upacharas"
2185:|last=
1449:Panchamrita
1444:Panchagavya
1246:Mahābhārata
1028:Pradakshina
971:is applied.
954:Mangalsutra
717:Temple pūjā
675:Mahishasura
639:bhakti Yoga
561:Paul Thieme
404:Grhyasutras
237:Janmashtami
198:Janmashtami
178:annaprasana
5317:Categories
5003:Kumbh Mela
4971:Gudi Padwa
4916:Durga Puja
4901:Shivaratri
4773:Karnavedha
4753:Namakarana
4715:Tirthatana
4482:Dattatreya
4319:Subhashita
4292:Manusmriti
4169:Dhanurveda
4102:Taittiriya
4087:Kaushitaki
4074:Upanishads
3847:Aparigraha
3749:Philosophy
3366:Panchaloha
3346:Ashtadhatu
3091:Agarabattī
3026:Puja thali
2912:Ajapa japa
2901:Meditation
2839:Nityakarma
2829:Karmakāṇḍa
2824:Ashvamedha
2778:Kamyakarma
2763:Agnikaryam
2753:Agnicayana
2168:2019-12-19
2143:2024-03-30
1536:, Vol. 2,
1521:References
1281:Nīlakaṇṭha
1165:Sembahyang
1107:Quick pūjā
1075:(Chamara).
892:Indologist
871:media help
822:media help
685:See also:
667:Durga Puja
662:Durga Puja
579:Gṛhyasūtra
539:is in the
496:'to do').
316:Sembahyang
190:Durga Puja
89:, Sunrise
5226:Theosophy
5157:Mythology
5137:Criticism
5105:Etymology
5063:Svādhyāya
4962:New Year
4911:Navaratri
4883:Festivals
4861:Grihastha
4834:Kshatriya
4808:Antyeshti
4783:Upanayana
4748:Jatakarma
4738:Pumsavana
4725:Sanskaras
4690:Naivedhya
4644:Practices
4589:Mahavidya
4557:Saraswati
4544:Goddesses
4502:Kartikeya
4399:Athichudi
4354:Tirumurai
4207:Vyākaraṇa
4174:Natyaveda
4122:Chandogya
4047:Divisions
4028:Yajurveda
3381:Shaligram
3318:Mridangam
3303:Karatalas
3298:Harmonium
3247:Rudraksha
3185:Materials
3101:Kamandalu
3036:Banalinga
2967:Third eye
2957:Śaktipāta
2819:Ashirvada
2783:Pravargya
2758:Agnihotra
2715:Parikrama
2695:Abhisheka
2625:Festivals
2445:144620114
2163:India.com
1213:Although
1153:Indonesia
1083:Udvasana.
1079:Visarjana
1073:fly-whisk
1051:Acamanıya
1022:Parikrama
1008:Namaskara
961:Anulepana
936:abhisekha
895:Jan Gonda
762:Vaishnava
735:Indonesia
687:Guru yoga
681:Guru puja
549:deva pūjā
389:Pravargya
323:Etymology
241:Navaratri
194:Kali Puja
154:Darshanam
121:romanized
5282:Category
5233:Glossary
5201:Buddhism
5167:Hindutva
5127:Calendar
5008:Haridwar
4986:Vaisakhi
4981:Puthandu
4871:Sannyasa
4788:Keshanta
4619:Shashthi
4455:Trimurti
4282:Nitisara
4255:Ramayana
4250:Itihasas
4222:Jyotisha
4164:Ayurveda
4156:Upavedas
4137:Mandukya
4082:Aitareya
4064:Aranyaka
4059:Brahmana
4033:Samaveda
3958:Charvaka
3758:Concepts
3739:Timeline
3731:Glossary
3714:Hinduism
3662:Samskara
3650:See also
3591:Parijata
3490:Sannyasa
3475:Purohita
3386:Swastika
3272:Turmeric
3227:Marigold
3192:Agarwood
3166:Tilakamu
3106:Khirapat
3056:Dhunachi
2927:Jagarana
2879:Upakarma
2814:Achamana
2768:Aupasana
2519:Willis,
2247:(2004),
2177:cite web
1954:(2008).
1849:279–297.
1479:Pādodaka
1335:See also
1180:Kewangen
1145:Balinese
1069:Chamaram
1000:Naivedya
949:Upaveeda
884:upacaras
740:Temple (
632:– ÄsvSü
566:Rāmāyaṇa
295:prasadam
252:chirathu
112:Sanskrit
5271:Outline
5221:Sikhism
5216:Judaism
5211:Jainism
5092:Related
5068:Namaste
4921:Ramlila
4851:Ashrama
4839:Vaishya
4829:Brahmin
4652:Worship
4604:Rukmini
4594:Matrika
4567:Parvati
4562:Lakshmi
4552:Tridevi
4507:Krishna
4492:Hanuman
4487:Ganesha
4438:Deities
4324:Tantras
4314:Stotras
4267:Puranas
4212:Nirukta
4202:Chandas
4197:Shiksha
4189:Vedanga
4142:Prashna
4132:Mundaka
4054:Samhita
4023:Rigveda
3954:Nāstika
3939:Advaita
3926:Vedanta
3921:Mīmāṃsā
3901:Samkhya
3889:Schools
3877:Akrodha
3796:Saṃsāra
3776:Ishvara
3766:Brahman
3634: (
3581:Kadamba
3516:more...
3500:Satguru
3397:more...
3313:Manjira
3277:Vibhuti
3257:Sindūra
3252:Candana
3237:Panakam
3222:Kumkuma
3217:Incense
3202:Camphor
3171:Utsavar
3161:Shankha
3156:Rangoli
3121:Mulavar
3096:Kalasha
3081:Garland
3051:Coconut
3019:Objects
2982:Mantras
2874:Tarpana
2864:Shuddhi
2725:Prasada
2720:Pranāma
2679:Rituals
2632: (
2620:Deities
2615:Darshan
2387:(2011).
1862:(1998)'
1469:Prasada
1459:Pranāma
1434:Namaste
1329:Bengali
1227:Jaimini
1219:Mīmāṃsā
1185:mantras
1126:darshan
1063:Chatram
1057:Aabaran
1014:pranama
992:Aarathi
902:Avahana
647:yantras
545:Puranic
531:Origins
394:Rigveda
264:sattvik
182:wedding
123::
5292:Portal
5196:Baháʼí
5100:Hindus
5078:Tilaka
5047:Others
5023:Ujjain
5018:Prayag
5013:Nashik
4953:Pongal
4891:Diwali
4844:Shudra
4803:Vivaha
4710:Dhyāna
4685:Bhajan
4675:Bhakti
4660:Temple
4614:Shakti
4522:Varuna
4465:Vishnu
4460:Brahma
4309:Sutras
4245:Agamas
4001:Smriti
3932:Dvaita
3897:Āstika
3842:Asteya
3837:Ahimsa
3823:Moksha
3808:Dharma
3721:topics
3632:Tulasi
3596:Peepal
3576:Banyan
3571:Ashoka
3470:Pujari
3465:Pandit
3439:Temple
3414:Ashram
3407:Places
3351:Lingam
3293:Dholak
3267:Tulasi
3141:Pandal
3126:Paduka
3086:Ghanta
3076:Cāmara
3046:Biruda
2962:Stotra
2942:Kirtan
2917:Bhajan
2896:Prayer
2869:Śrauta
2844:Ngejot
2660:Utsava
2655:Tilaka
2645:Mantra
2640:Kirtan
2610:Bhajan
2443:
2291:. 2004
2260:
2210:
2115:
2093:
2056:
2036:
2002:
1975:"2: 6"
1903:
1881:texts.
1832:
1805:
1773:
1737:
1694:
1646:
1616:
1561:
1540:
1429:Mudras
1270:atithi
1250:Purāṇa
1044:Dhyana
976:Pushpa
969:kumkum
965:gandha
943:Vastra
925:Arghya
749:pujari
743:Mandir
521:jayate
513:jayate
484:(from
400:Sāyana
274:Nigama
266:work.
239:, and
221:Diwali
200:, and
132:Hindus
5338:Honor
5206:Islam
5184:India
5073:Bindi
5056:Other
4996:Ugadi
4991:Vishu
4824:Varna
4705:Tapas
4695:Yajna
4665:Murti
4599:Radha
4579:Durga
4574:Bhumi
4517:Surya
4497:Indra
4470:Shiva
4232:Other
4217:Kalpa
4107:Katha
4011:Vedas
3996:Śruti
3981:Texts
3911:Nyaya
3867:Damah
3857:Satya
3813:Artha
3791:Karma
3781:Atman
3735:Index
3627:Lotus
3559:Trees
3538:Horse
3505:Swami
3485:Sadhu
3480:Rishi
3453:Roles
3434:Matha
3371:Pindi
3356:Murti
3328:Veena
3323:Tabla
3207:Charu
3146:Pinda
3131:Palki
3116:Kolam
3111:Kindi
3066:Dhupa
3061:Dhuni
3031:Altar
2807:Other
2773:Dhuni
2748:Yajna
2670:Yatra
2665:Vrata
2650:Murti
2634:Yajna
2605:Ārati
2441:S2CID
2271:(PDF)
2254:(PDF)
1514:Yajna
1378:Dhupa
1308:bucha
1304:Tamil
1299:pūcai
1254:Smṛti
1242:Vedas
1169:Hyang
984:Dhupa
931:Snana
916:Padya
909:Asana
758:pujas
671:Durga
591:Vedic
583:Kalpa
481:pūjēi
463:pūcey
457:pūsai
439:pūcey
385:yajna
282:Agama
262:is a
217:Rakhi
210:pujas
145:human
5343:Yoga
5248:List
5110:List
5037:Teej
4966:Bihu
4948:Onam
4896:Holi
4700:Homa
4680:Japa
4670:Puja
4630:more
4624:Sita
4609:Sati
4584:Kali
4533:more
4527:Vayu
4512:Rama
4477:Agni
4447:Gods
4127:Kena
4097:Isha
3906:Yoga
3872:Dayā
3862:Dāna
3832:Niti
3818:Kama
3786:Maya
3617:Bael
3543:Nāga
3510:Yogi
3495:Sant
3460:Guru
3424:Ghat
3391:Yoni
3308:Khol
3262:Soma
3232:Milk
3212:Ghee
3197:Alta
3071:Diya
2972:Yoga
2937:Japa
2740:Homa
2700:Bhog
2687:Puja
2630:Homa
2297:2012
2258:ISBN
2208:ISBN
2189:help
2113:ISBN
2091:ISBN
2054:ISBN
2034:ISBN
2000:ISBN
1901:ISBN
1830:ISBN
1803:ISBN
1771:ISBN
1735:ISBN
1692:ISBN
1668:Puja
1644:ISBN
1614:ISBN
1575:पूजा
1559:ISBN
1538:ISBN
1413:Mala
1324:pujō
1319:পুজো
1313:บูชา
1294:பூசை
1266:pūjā
1215:pujā
1207:pūjā
1161:Bali
1149:Bali
1122:diya
888:puja
880:puja
766:puja
754:puja
731:Bali
587:pūjā
571:pūjā
556:pūjā
537:pūjā
525:puja
511:and
505:puja
493:cēyi
433:pūSa
424:puja
419:puja
412:puja
406:use
377:Puja
311:Puja
307:Bali
303:puja
290:puja
286:Puja
278:Agni
270:Puja
260:puja
256:diya
245:puja
225:Holi
206:Puja
186:puja
170:puja
166:puja
162:puja
149:guru
147:and
141:Puja
137:puja
127:pūjā
116:पूजा
106:Puja
95:puja
91:puja
87:puja
83:Puja
5122:Law
3533:Cow
2475:doi
2433:doi
1327:in
1302:in
1261:).
1081:or
1025:or
1011:or
963:or
951:or
933:or
729:in
517:puh
509:puh
475:cey
451:cey
408:puj
5319::
3956::
3899::
3771:Om
3361:Om
3000:Om
2947:Om
2552:,
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