586:
1221:
1213:
49:
570:; Albert also participated in the celebrations. Since the Duke of Chablais was also present, Maria Christina and her beloved had to proceed more carefully. One month after Leopold's marriage, the Emperor suddenly died (18 August) from either a stroke or heart attack. The Imperial family was badly affected by this death, including Maria Christina, whose marriage plans were now no longer a hindrance since her mother had long been on her side. In consequence, she was the only daughter of Maria Theresa who didn't marry for political reasons; however, out of respect for the Emperor's death, a period of mourning had to be observed first before her wedding could take place.
879:
role but were limited to be symbolic figureheads. Even before the appointment of her sister and brother-in-law, Joseph II (who for seven weeks strictly controlled the
Austrian Netherlands) found the administration and internal conditions to be negative and decided to carry out profound reforms. He discussed his plans with his ministers and leading officials, and the joint governors were only to execute the orders and sign the decrees issued by the Emperor through the advisers he appointed to them. Without any real power, Maria Christina and Albert limited themselves to receiving foreign guests and enjoying hunting. Between 1782 and 1784, they had the
770:
376:
543:. After these visits, Maria Christina fell deeply in love with Albert, who, despite his affection for the Archduchess, did not believe that he could win her hand in marriage because of his relatively weak and politically unstable position for the imperial standards. But then he was invited to Vienna to study a new service regulation for the cavalry, to participate in hunts and amusements of the Imperial court, and received the invitation of Maria Christina to give free rein to his feelings for her but not yet publicly.
574:
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903:, who made himself immensely unpopular. The Emperor, who lacked a clear understanding of the situation of the Austrian Netherlands, imposed drastic reforms especially in the field of education, which caused a lot of resistance and the loss of the Catholic Church's position in November 1781, and in March 1783 different monasteries were abolished. He also proposed at the administrative level the introduction of a centralized administration.
1012:"People thronging in thousands, with their hat blazoned with the arms of Brabant, made it a day of terror - all the more so as we had certain information that it was intended to begin that very evening the pillage of the royal and ecclesiastical treasuries, that the minister and those members of the Government who were in ill odour were to be put to death, and complete independence declared."
2770:
1172:, appeared in Brussels and asked Maria Christina to make a military intervention and send troops across the border to France and apprehend the royal party before they reached Paris, but Maria Christina refused, stating that she would need the emperor's permission to perform such an act, by which time it would already be too late.
1306:, implying a dedication from Albert to his excellent wife. In a book published in 1805 by Van de Vivere, which deals with the tomb of Canova and is also available in a German translation of the same year, it is clearly shown that the grave monument has arisen out of the Christian thought, although the impact of
645:. During the ceremony (in which the Dowager Empress was present) Maria Christina was wearing a white, pearl decorated mousseline dress and Albert his military uniform; however, the rest of the guests were dressed in black because of the ongoing court mourning. Soon afterward the newlyweds settled in Pressburg.
506:
to be cheerful and satisfied with her fate. While her husband loved her very deeply, she was reserved towards him. In contrast, for Maria
Christina, she had a heartfelt affection, expressed in about 200 letters between them, usually written in French. They spent so much time together that they were compared to
983:
in the
Austrian Netherlands, which included a far-reaching modification of the central government institutions there, a transformation of the provincial division which was equivalent to the dissolution of the existing provinces, and a reorganization of the judicial organization. She was ordered to do
1175:
Maria
Christina and Albert this time had more actual power than what Joseph II had allowed them, although after the Brabant Revolution they turned to a more authoritarian rule. By her good cooperation with Leopold II and his new Minister Plenipotentiary, Count Franz Georg Karl von Metternich (father
493:
arrived at the
Imperial Court and both were warmly received by the Emperor and Empress. Prince Albert met the lovely Archduchess on the occasion of a concert, in which she participated, and soon he developed a great affection for her, as he recalled in his memoirs. At the end of January 1760, Albert
878:
The
Emperor did not allow his sister the financial resources corresponding to her position. Maria Christina complained to her brother Leopold and criticized how she had been treated in the division of Maria Theresa's inheritance. She and her husband were also unable to play an independent political
517:
Maria
Christina made a formal description of Isabella, in which she portrayed her as amiable, kind, and generous, but she also did not overlook her weaknesses. The early demise of her sister-in-law (who was more and more inclined to melancholy and a growing obsession with death) on 27 November 1763
505:
on 6 October 1760. Among other things, the two young women often played together. The beautiful, educated, and very sensitive
Isabella, who detested the court ceremonial and her position as wife of the Habsburg heir, wanted a more sensual destiny; however, despite these inner feelings, she appeared
1265:
and moved there. After a new short recovery, Maria
Christina became more and more sick in the middle of June 1798; after writing to Albert a farewell letter in which she mentioned her deep and lifelong love for him, she died the following day on 24 June 1798 aged 56. She was buried in the Tuscan
419:
The
Archduchess, capricious and spirited in her youth, received a particularly loving education from her parents. That notorious preference that Maria Christina received from her mother caused the intense jealousy of her brothers and sisters, who avoided her and criticized her prominent position
886:
In the Austrian Netherlands, however, strong social tensions prevailed, the property was largely owned by the members of the upper two estates, the nobility enjoyed a clear preference in the tax and judiciary systems, there were great shortcomings in the administration, trade hindered economic
663:
In the first weeks after the wedding, Maria Christina, Albert and Maria Theresa started a lively correspondence. The Dowager Empress gave her daughter, who she missed very much, advice on how to behave towards her husband. She had to cultivate a decent life-changing attitude based on Christian
1029:
In January 1788, Maria Christina and Albert returned to the Austrian Netherlands, where the potential for conflict was clearly increased. New unrest was foreseen. In April 1788, they officially warned the Emperor that the apparent tranquility in the country was only external and that fear and
534:
In December 1763, Prince Albert of Saxony returned to Vienna to express his condolences to the Imperial family for Isabella of Parma's death. He had become a good friend of the late Isabella after her marriage with the future Joseph II and, as he noted in his diary, also developed a close
449:
Father Lachner taught her several languages and history. The Archduchess learned, among other things, perfect Italian and French, which, according to Podewils, she particularly liked to speak, as well as quite good English. She also proved to be a talented painter very early. In
411:
at the Viennese court and by her family. She was Maria Theresa's favourite child, as can be seen in the letters that the Empress wrote to her. Little is known about her early childhood. In a letter dated 22 March 1747 the Prussian ambassador in Vienna, Count Otto Christoph von
1122:, that the Emperor would now apply a different behavior towards the rebellious provinces if they submitted. Despite many promises from the prelate, nothing happened. In addition, Maria Christina deplored the publication of her letters to Trauttmansdorff to the public opinion.
427:. However, the Empress only agreed to change her governess in 1756, when she appointed the widowed Countess Maria Anna Vasquez (née Kokorzowa) to the position. Maria Christina's relationship with Vasquez was much better, and a few years later Countess Vasquez was even named
1021:
to command regiments in the Austrian Netherlands. He also ordered Count di Belgiojoso and the joint governors to go to Vienna. Maria Christina and Albert arrived to the Imperial court in late July 1787, but could not bring about any change of opinion of the Emperor. Count
1212:
1203:
on 6 November; as a result, the embittered joint governors were again forced to flee, after they were able to evacuate their art collection by sea. However, one of the three ships on which their treasures were transported was destroyed as a result of a hurricane.
1007:
The reforms lead to violent riots. On 30 May 1787, a mob, who demanded that Belgiojoso be removed from power, broke into her residence in Brussels and forced Maria Christina and Albert to retract the Imperial decree. Maria Christina described it to her brother:
640:
On 7 January 1766, Albert (whose succession rights over the Saxon throne won him several adepts) received a warm welcome in Pressburg by the citizens. On 2 April the engagement took place and six days later, on 8 April, the wedding took place in the chapel of
1236:. They lived harmoniously, but without their previous warm relationship, and therefore no longer had such an elaborate court. At the beginning of 1794 they learned that the Emperor would now give them financial support. After their permanent move to
585:
911:
Maria Christina and Albert traveled to Vienna in the winter of 1785-1786 after being called by Joseph II. The Emperor received his guests politely and invited them to festivals. Due to the visit, Joseph II ordered the presentation of the operas
1133:, with whom Maria Christina had a better understanding. They exchanged many letters where she advised the new Emperor to either initiate negotiations about the regaining of his rule over the Austrian Netherlands or began a military action. The
1030:
disharmony prevailed, but assured that they had contributed with their best to restoring confidence. Although Trauttmansdorff wanted to push through the Josephine reforms in a somewhat milder style, he still saw strong opposition from the
785:
and citizens, and devoted themselves to their common interest in art, which made Pressburg a cultural center during their time there; it was here that they began their acquisition of drawings and engravings, which was to become the famous
1310:
is noticeable. With the language of allegory Canova created mourning symbols and figures which were used in antiquity and in the early Christian period. After his death in 1822, Albert was buried next to her and their daughter.
1117:
Maria Christina was bitterly angry about her expulsion, but she was still trying to take steps to continue the rule of her brother in the Austrian Netherlands. In particular, she wrote on 12 December 1789 to the Archbishop of
718:
Since Maria Christina was unable to have any more children due to her difficult childbirth, in 1790 she persuaded her brother Leopold, Grand Duke of Tuscany, to let her and her husband adopt one of his youngest sons, Archduke
1149:, who put the already new Republic on the edge of civil war. The Austrians reconquered Brussels without a fight at the beginning of December 1790. Maria Christina and Albert (who after their stay in Bonn moved firstly to
546:
Maria Christina had a strong influence over her mother, who approved of her relationship with Albert, but the lovers were forced to keep their relationship secret because the Emperor wanted her to marry her first cousin,
555:, younger sister of Francis I). The Empress advised her impatient daughter to appear calm and cautious with regard to her liaison with Albert, and to rely on her; Maria Theresa promised to arrange the match with Albert.
1042:) to find soldiers to fight, attempting to hire Prussian soldiers against the imperial government violence in the Austrian Netherlands. Nevertheless, the resistance of the Brabant estates became increasingly violent.
1016:
For Joseph II, however, who condemned the indulgence of the couple, a revocation of his orders was out of the question. He wanted to suppress possible riots and therefore increased the number of troops and sent Count
858:
now assumed sole sovereignty as Holy Roman Emperor; he had a bad relationship with his sister and had been jealous of her privileged position and intimate relationship with their mother. In order to get her out of
1196:
984:
so by Joseph II through Count Ludovico di Belgiojoso, but did so unwillingly and predicted that they would lead to protests. Against the Imperial reforms were mainly formed two opposition groups: first, the
1289:
After the death of his wife, the deeply saddened Albert built an impressive cenotaph for Maria Christina in the Augustinian church. In the ornaments of this tomb, a work of the famous neoclassical sculptor
936:. The couple, however, did not succeed in persuading the Emperor to take a more cautious approach in the realization of his reform plans for the Austrian Netherlands and the withdrawal of the regulations.
636:
and other lordships, and the amount of Ć’100,000. The household of the couple included about 120 people. These gifts received by Maria Christina caused the displeasure and envy of her brothers and sisters.
420:
within the family more and more vehemently. The dislike of her siblings increased later in life, since Maria Theresa increasingly used her to exercise influence over the other members of the family.
648:
Maria Christina's luck in being permitted to marry the man she loved embittered Maria Theresa's other daughters, who already resented their mother's favouritism. One of her sisters, the Archduchess
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Farquhar, Michael (2001). A Treasury of Royal Scandals: The Shocking True Stories of History's Wickedest, Weirdest, Most Wanton Kings, Queens, Tsars, Popes, and Emperors. Penguin Books. p. 91.
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Leopold II died suddenly on 1 March 1792, amidst rumours of poisoning or secret assassination. Maria Christina and Albert were confirmed as joint governors by Leopold II's son and successor
781:
In Pressburg, Maria Christina and her husband were able to host a luxurious court life with frequent parties and visits home to Vienna. They soon succeeded in obtaining the affection of the
3539:
4379:
963:, Marie Antoinette's private retreat, was ignored. In their short visit to France, the couple visited museums and factories, were present in court festivities and met the Finance Minister
597:
The wedding preparations began as early as November 1765. Maria Theresa was worried that the young couple could not live comfortably. In December, Albert was appointed Field Marshal and
485:, but a marriage between them displeased the Empress, who believed that the third son of the Duke of WĂĽrttemberg was not of enough rank for an Archduchess. In early January 1760 Princes
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3676:
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28:
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1341:); II and III Gules, a knight armed cap-Ă -pie mounted on a horse salient argent, brandishing a sword proper and maintaining a shield azure charged with a cross of Lorraine Or (for
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jointly with her husband during 1781–1789 and 1791–1792. After two expulsions from the Netherlands (in 1789 and 1792), she lived with her husband in Vienna until her death.
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Archives Nationales de Vienne, Autriche; Der Gruftwächter, play by Kafka; Simon Sebag Montefiore, Catherine the Great and Potemkin: The Imperial Love Affair, London, 2010
1240:, Maria Christina and her husband lived in the palace of Count Emanuel Silva-Tarouca. In the future, Albert was mainly concerned in his art collection. After the rise of
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her drawings of the imperial family were exhibited which attest to her great artistic talent. She painted some family members including herself and also some copies of
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values. The couple, who had a happy marriage, held a splendid court at the palace in Pressburg, arranged splendid festivals, and also traveled frequently to Vienna.
1817:
3142:
863:, he confirmed her and her husband's appointment as governors but reduced their income. On 3 June 1781, Maria Christina and Albert left Vienna and were greeted in
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48:
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Briefe der Erzherzogin Marie Statthalterin der Niederlande an Leopold II. nebst einer Einleitung zur Geschichte der französischen Politik Leopolds II
994:, who was supported by numerous nobles and clerics, and wanted to retain the traditional relationship with the Habsburgs, and on the other hand the
486:
351:
1137:
new Emperor could contain the unrest in different parts of the Austrian dominion through concessions and started negotiation of a ceasefire in the
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Maria Christina gave birth to a daughter named Maria Christina Theresa on 16 May 1767, but the child lived only one day. Maria Christina developed
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3647:
3642:
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871:, and designated Minister Plenipotentiary of the Austrian Netherlands on 9 July; the next day (10 July), they made their official entrance into
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3157:
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Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans
2340:
1849:
1103:
895:
territory for portions of the Austrian Netherlands or the 1784–1785 forced lifting of the Scheldt barrier for navigation, failed. Instead, the
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was appointed the new Minister Plenipotentiary and the ambitious General Richard d’Alton took the place of the more compromised Count Murray.
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The fifth child and fourth (but second surviving) daughter, Maria Christina was born on the 25th birthday of her mother, on 13 May 1742 in
127:
106:
1755:
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with Van der Noot as his First Minister. The seriously ill Emperor Joseph II died on 20 February and was succeeded by his younger brother
1066:
which sought for the formation of a patriotic army. Maria Christina and her husband defied Joseph II's order to return to Vienna and left
482:
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relationship with Maria Christina. In 1764 the Saxon prince met the Archduchess, firstly in Vienna in the spring and later more often in
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in July 1797 and had a short-term improvement in her health, but soon suffered again with great pain. Due to the restructuring of the
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137:
1605:
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829:. However, Maria Christina's weak health and sadness increased, as Albert was in active military service in 1777–1778 during the
1369:); IV Or, in annulo six torteaux, the torteau in chief replaced by a roundel azure charged with three fleurs-de-lis Or (for the
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In 20–21 June 1791, the Governors was ready to welcome Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette during their intended escape during the
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1355:) (her husband's shield) to the dexter (viewer's left) with her brother's shield, the arms of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II –
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1164:. When the royal party was arrested near the border and escorted back to Paris, the brothers of Louis XVI, the counts of
1023:
855:
552:
502:
466:: there the Emperor is shown reading the newspaper and the Empress serving the coffee, while her three youngest siblings (
347:
311:
81:
4439:
4359:
4013:
3786:
3255:
2064:
1157:), returned to Brussels on 15 June 1791 as joint governors. The population received them kindly, but also suspiciously.
2673:
Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living
850:
on 4 July 1780 Maria Christina and Albert were, according to Maria Theresa's will, appointed as joint governors of the
375:
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4267:
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In 1797 Maria Christina, who had become melancholic, began to suffer from a stomach disease. She went to bathing in
1034:
states. Hendrik Van der Noot played a leading role in this resistance. After his escape in August 1788, he tried in
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Beautiful, highly intelligent but also artistically gifted, Maria Christina enjoyed a conscientious education. The
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Quarterly, I barry of eight, gules and argent, impaling gules a patriarchal cross argent on a trimount vert (for
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under their control. On 18 November, the joint governors, though reluctant, had to flee; after a journey through
802:
2604:
959:. The French Queen treated Maria Christina as just another state guest in Versailles and her request to see the
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1342:
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17:
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514:. Isabel and Mimi were united not only by a shared interest in music and art but also by a deep mutual love.
919:
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2933:. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished and outlawed in 1919.
1361:); II gules a lion rampant argent, queue fourchée crossed in saltire, armed, langued, and crowned Or (for
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1114:. In the meantime, Hendrik Van der Noot was able to enter triumphally in Brussels on 18 December 1789.
825:), after which she reported to their mother about their lives. Furthermore, the couple paid a visit to
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constructed for their summer residence, where they completed their famous Albertine art collection.
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342:(Maria Christina Johanna Josepha Antonia; 13 May 1742 – 24 June 1798), was the fifth child of
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Justin C. Vovk: In Destiny's Hands: Five Tragic Rulers, Children of Maria Theresa (2010), p. 254.
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motifs are shown. The flat pyramid wall contains a medallion of Maria Christina's and figures in
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854:. But the Dowager Empress died on 29 November, during the preparations of the couple's journey.
2426:
Simon Sebag Montefiore,Catherine the Great and Potemkin: The Imperial Love Affair, London, 2010
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Quarterly, I and IV gules, a eagle argent, armed, beaked, langued, liée, and crowned Or (for
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Justin C. Vovk,In Destiny's Hands: Five Tragic Rulers, Children of Maria Theresa, USA, 2010
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1180:), the joint governors ensured a certain degree of stability through a policy of amnesty.
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278:
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63:
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Justin C. Vovk: In Destiny's Hands: Five Tragic Rulers, Children of Maria Theresa (2010)
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Justin C. Vovk: In Destiny's Hands: Five Tragic Rulers, Children of Maria Theresa (2010)
2506:
Justin C. Vovk: In Destiny's Hands: Five Tragic Rulers, Children of Maria Theresa (2010)
1056:
During the summer of 1789, rebellions arose in the Austrian Netherlands inspired by the
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during the winter of 1792-1793 she moved with the seriously ill Albert to his hometown
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From December 1775 to July 1776, Maria Christina and Albert made an extended trip to
423:
Maria Christina got along very badly with her governess, Princess Maria Karoline von
343:
321:
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660:. She remained estranged from her mother for the rest of the Dowager Empress' life.
1328:
1271:
1004:, who wanted a democratic rule with elections by means of the census voting right.
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Guida Myrl Jackson-Laufer: Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide
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of Hungary; these posts forced him and his future wife to live in Pressburg. The
1165:
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by Dutch and French masters. One particular portrait made by Maria Christina in
1294:, was notably seen that not a single Christian symbol is displayed but several
955:(with whom she had a cold relationship) and the Imperial ambassador of France,
1229:
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In the following years, Maria Christina developed an intense love affair with
3902:
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Maria Christina no longer exercised any political influence. After a stay in
1141:, while in the meantime took advantage of the constant conflicts between the
2675:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 1.
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609:, and the Dowager Empress took care of even the furniture and tableware. In
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Arms of Marie Christine of Austria and Albert of Saxony, Dukes of Teschen
1241:
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Cenotaph to Marie Christine of Austria in the Augustinerkirche, by Canova
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In 1787, Maria Christina and Albert were forced to introduce the radical
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617:. When the couple came to Vienna later, they were allowed to stay in the
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416:, described the then five-year-old Maria Christina as pretty and witty.
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decisively defeated the Austrian troops commanded by Prince Albert and
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following childbirth complications, left Maria Christina heartbroken.
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In January 1790, the Austrian Netherlands became in the independent
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By the end of July 1786, Maria Christina and her husband arrived in
530:
Self-portrait after an engraving of Johann Casper Heilmann, ca. 1765
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for the carriage of goods. Joseph II's plans to trade portions of
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development and foreign trade suffered through the barrier of the
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Maria Henrietta, Princess of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-SchillingsfĂĽrst
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Isabella Clara Eugenia, Co-sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands
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1187:. However, in October the Austrian Netherlands were invaded by
971:. In mid-September 1786 the governors returned to Brussels.
2712:
Maria Theresia: Die Kaiserin in ihrer Zeit. Eine Biographie
1373:
family); overall and inescutcheon gules a fess argent (for
1335:
Consort's shield, the arms of King Augustus II of Poland –
1102:
at the side of Maria Christina's youngest brother Archduke
899:
was replaced in 1783 as Minister Plenipotentiary by Count
4245:
Karoline Marie, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
754:
Nephew and adopted son, later known as the winner of the
3251:
Maria Anna Josepha, Electoral Princess of the Palatinate
1082:
and in the next few weeks they gained this province and
1365:); III bendy of six Or and azure, a bordure gules (for
1377:) impaling Or a bend gules three alerions argent (for
1078:: from Breda the anti-imperial "Patriot Army" invaded
621:. Finally, Maria Christina received a rich dowry: the
4239:
Maria Theresa, Archduchess Charles Stephen of Austria
4254:
4219:
4190:
4167:
4144:
4085:
4069:
4053:
4037:
4006:
3970:
3938:
3852:
3821:
3795:
3715:
3615:
3555:
3465:
3407:
3336:
3305:
3264:
3221:
3166:
3078:
3005:
2970:
2954:
2938:
2929:Generations are numbered by male-line descent from
1248:(18 October 1797) between Napoleon and Francis II.
481:The 17-year-old Maria Christina had a romance with
327:
317:
307:
295:
254:
240:
208:
196:
182:
155:
151:
143:
133:
123:
112:
105:
97:
87:
77:
69:
62:
41:
3601:Margaretha Klementine, Princess of Thurn and Taxis
462:about 1762 showed the Imperial family celebrating
29:Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria (1574–1621)
4380:Knights of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
4198:Auguste Ferdinande, Princess Luitpold of Bavaria
3671:Princess Karoline Marie of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1399:Ancestors of Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen
391:, Austria. The next day she was baptized in the
2775:Archduchess Marie Christine, Duchess of Teschen
1876:Archduchess Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen
1010:
932:on 7 February 1786 in a private performance at
709:Died shortly after her birth, is buried in the
558:In July 1765, the Imperial family travelled to
192:Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire
18:Archduchess Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen
2283:Albert Ernest I, Prince of Oettingen-Oettingen
2163:Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
439:The Imperial family celebrating Saint Nicholas
3918:
3246:Eleanor, Queen of Poland, Duchess of Lorraine
2905:
2189:Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
1176:of the later famous politician and statesman
401:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
8:
4280:Maria Immaculata, Nobile Inigo Neri Sereneri
3723:Elisabeth Marie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz
399:; Christina was named after her grandmother
4029:Catherine, Duchess of Mantua and Montferrat
2700:J. C. H. Blom: History of the Low Countries
2530:, Verlagsbuchhandlung Styria, Graz, p. 183.
2527:Ludwig FĂĽrst Starhemberg. Eine Lebensskizze
680:; however, they were both able to recover.
549:Prince Benedetto of Savoy, Duke of Chablais
283:Marie Christine Jeanne Josèphine Antoinette
4390:Burials at St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna
4210:Maria Luisa, Princess of Isenburg-BĂĽdingen
4129:Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Sicily
3925:
3911:
3903:
3580:Maria Luisa, Princess of Isenburg-BĂĽdingen
2912:
2898:
2890:
2779:
1404:
1395:
957:Florimond Claude, Comte de Mercy-Argenteau
700:Princess Maria Christina Theresa of Saxony
246:Princess Maria Christina Theresa of Saxony
47:
38:
4400:Politicians from the Austrian Netherlands
4286:Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio
3752:Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio
3158:Maria Maddalena, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
3128:Maria Christina, Princess of Transylvania
1383:; - enté en point azure an eagle or (for
1351:; - enté en point azure an eagle or (for
676:, while in mid-June Albert fell ill with
3638:Margarete Sophie, Duchess of WĂĽrttemberg
3510:Maria Theresa, Queen of the Two Sicilies
3488:Marie Caroline, Crown Princess of Saxony
2736:. Bastei-LĂĽbbe, Bergisch Gladbach 1996,
1318:
1219:
1211:
773:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen, by
652:, was also in love with a minor prince,
613:Maria Christina and Albert received the
589:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen, by
577:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen, by
4292:Princess Maria Antonia, Mrs. Luis PĂ©rez
3998:Claudia, Archduchess of Further Austria
3956:Lucrezia de' Medici, Duchess of Ferrara
2401:
2309:Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen
605:was renovated at a cost of 1.3 million
397:Maria Christina Johanna Josepha Antonia
4262:Helena, Duchess Philipp of WĂĽrttemberg
3568:Princess Auguste Ferdinande of Bavaria
3530:Marie Henriette, Queen of the Belgians
3450:Maria Leopoldine, Electress of Bavaria
2608:(Kelly - University of Toronto, 1910).
2262:
2142:
2138:
2126:
2018:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1771:
1651:
1647:
1635:
1527:
1417:
1413:
1409:
975:Resistance to Joseph II's reform plans
441:, by Archduchess Maria Christina, 1762
274:Maria Christina Johanna Josefa Antonia
251:
4430:Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands
4158:Maria Clementina, Duchess of Calabria
3880:also an infanta of Spain and Portugal
3776:Hedwig, Countess of Stolberg-Stolberg
3677:Princess Maria Christina of Salm-Salm
3432:Maria Clementina, Duchess of Calabria
3256:Claudia Felicitas, Holy Roman Empress
2984:Isabella, Queen of Denmark and Norway
2978:Eleanor, Queen of Portugal and France
2619:Leopold II. Herrscher mit weiser Hand
2408:Stollberg-Rilinger 2017, pp. 761-767.
2338:
2328:
2324:
2312:
2306:
2296:
2280:
2270:
2266:
2250:
2244:
2234:
2221:Elisabeth Juliana of Holstein-Norburg
2218:
2208:
2204:
2192:
2186:
2176:
2160:
2150:
2146:
2120:
2110:
2094:
2084:
2080:
2068:
2062:
2052:
2036:
2026:
2022:
2006:
2000:
1990:
1974:
1964:
1960:
1948:
1942:
1932:
1915:
1905:
1901:
1873:
1863:
1847:
1837:
1833:
1821:
1818:Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate
1815:
1805:
1789:
1779:
1775:
1759:
1753:
1743:
1727:
1717:
1713:
1701:
1695:
1685:
1669:
1659:
1655:
1629:
1619:
1603:
1593:
1589:
1577:
1571:
1561:
1545:
1535:
1531:
1515:
1509:
1499:
1483:
1473:
1469:
1457:
1451:
1441:
1425:
1421:
628:–whereupon Albert became entitled as
265:Mary Christina Joan Josephine Antonia
7:
4061:Anna Maria Luisa, Electress Palatine
4024:Anna, Archduchess of Further Austria
3839:Maria-Anna, Princess Piotr Galitzine
3770:Elisabeth, Countess of Waldburg-Zeil
3682:Princess Maria Anna of Bourbon Parma
3235:Margarita Teresa, Holy Roman Empress
3213:Maria Leopoldine, Holy Roman Empress
3035:Maria, Duchess of JĂĽlich-Cleves-Berg
2872:Governor of the Austrian Netherlands
2784:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen
2710:Stollberg-Rilinger, Barbara (2017).
967:and his daughter, the famous writer
943:, following an invitation from King
837:Governor of the Austrian Netherlands
360:Governor of the Austrian Netherlands
230:
128:Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine
107:Governor of the Austrian Netherlands
4310:did not have a royal or noble birth
4204:Maria Isabella, Countess of Trapani
4099:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen
3844:Sophie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz
3813:Princess Elisabeth of Liechtenstein
3648:Princess Elisabeth of Liechtenstein
3574:Maria Isabella, Countess of Trapani
3546:Maria Beatrix, Countess of MontizĂłn
3540:Maria Theresa, Countess of Chambord
3478:Maria Leopoldina, Empress of Brazil
3473:Marie Louise, Empress of the French
3362:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen
3272:Maria Antonia, Electress of Bavaria
2990:Maria, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia
2341:Christine Friederike of WĂĽrttemberg
2097:Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
1060:, aimed by a secret society called
340:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen
3596:Maria Dorothea, Duchess of Orléans
3456:Maria Ludovika, Empress of Austria
3092:Catalina Micaela, Duchess of Savoy
2470:Stollberg-Rilinger 2017, pp. 762f.
1278:, behind the Loreto Chapel in the
901:Ludovico di Barbiano di Belgiojoso
797:to visit her siblings Leopold (in
656:, but was forcibly married off to
591:Johann Baptist von Lampi the Elder
494:and Clemens returned from Vienna.
25:
3808:Charlotte, Duchess of Mecklenburg
3707:Mechthildis, Princess Czartoryski
3208:Isabella Clara, Duchess of Mantua
2931:Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
2921:Austrian archduchesses by descent
2656:Weissensteiner 1996, pp. 100–103.
1918:Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
1792:Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine
1548:Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
1259:, she and her husband rented the
1074:. On 24 October 1789 started the
869:Georg Adam, Prince of Starhemberg
765:Life in Hungary and trip to Italy
483:Louis Eugene, Duke of WĂĽrttemberg
403:, however, she was always called
4305:* also an archduchess of Austria
4233:Louise, Crown Princess of Saxony
4181:Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia
3782:Margaret, Princess of Monteleone
3504:Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia
3444:Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia
3318:Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress
3198:Maria Anna, Electress of Bavaria
3070:Joanna, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
2768:
2647:Weissensteiner 1996, pp. 98–100.
2247:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick
2039:Philip William, Elector Palatine
1153:, then to Vienna and finally in
875:, taking their residence there.
564:Leopold, Grand Prince of Tuscany
431:of Maria Christina's household.
379:Archduchess Maria Christina, by
4152:Maria Theresia, Queen of Saxony
4117:Princess Maria Johanna Gabriela
3659:Luise, Crown Princess of Saxony
3606:Maria Theresa, Queen of Bavaria
3591:Maria Christina, Queen of Spain
3483:Clementina, Princess of Salerno
3420:Maria Theresia, Queen of Saxony
3392:Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples
3328:Princess Maria Anna of Lorraine
3203:Cecilia Renata, Queen of Poland
2749:Belgien, Niederlande, Luxemburg
2593:Weissensteiner 1996, pp. 95–98.
2548:Weissensteiner 1996, pp. 91–93.
2497:Weissensteiner 1996, pp. 89–91.
2479:Weissensteiner 1996, pp. 78–88.
2461:Weissensteiner 1996, pp. 57–78.
925:Prima la musica e poi le parole
727:
684:
226:
215:Albert Casimir, Duke of Teschen
4135:Maria Antonia, Queen of France
4111:Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma
3951:Isabella, Duchess of Bracciano
3728:Helena, Duchess of WĂĽrttemberg
3398:Maria Antonia, Queen of France
3374:Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma
3313:Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland
3229:Maria Theresa, Queen of France
3186:Maria Anna, Holy Roman Empress
2003:Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
1756:Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans
831:War of the Bavarian Succession
1:
4385:Burials at the Imperial Crypt
3787:Ilona, Duchess of Mecklenburg
3282:Maria Anna, Queen of Portugal
2946:Kunigunde, Duchess of Bavaria
2865:Charles Alexander of Lorraine
1945:Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
1632:Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
1428:Nicholas II, Duke of Lorraine
1110:, staying a long time in the
1024:Ferdinand von Trauttmansdorff
848:Charles Alexander of Lorraine
632:–, the towns of Mannersdorf,
553:Elisabeth Therese of Lorraine
503:Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
348:Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
312:Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
4268:Rosa, Duchess of WĂĽrttemberg
4019:Margherita, Duchess of Parma
3734:Rosa, Duchess of WĂĽrttemberg
3692:Princess Isabella of Bavaria
3019:Joanna, Princess of Portugal
2996:Catherine, Queen of Portugal
2065:Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg
1486:Claude Françoise of Lorraine
1224:Other detail of the cenotaph
974:
723:, in order to have an heir.
562:for the wedding of Archduke
350:. Married in 1766 to Prince
4425:Daughters of queens regnant
4340:18th-century Austrian women
3978:Eleonora, Duchess of Mantua
3961:Virginia, Duchess of Modena
3535:Adelaide, Queen of Sardinia
3060:Barbara, Duchess of Ferrara
2882:Charles of Austria-Lorraine
2734:Die Töchter Maria Theresias
2557:Weissensteiner 1996, p. 93.
2488:Weissensteiner 1996, p. 88.
1698:Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
1454:Charles V, Duke of Lorraine
1302:. It bears the inscription
1272:heart was buried separately
1000:, named after their leader
744:Archduke Charles of Austria
725:
682:
138:Archduke Charles of Austria
73:8 April 1766 – 24 June 1798
4456:
4350:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
3933:Tuscan princesses by birth
3886:also a princess of Tuscany
3834:Walburga, Countess Douglas
3702:Renata, Princess Radziwill
3628:Princess Gisela of Bavaria
3241:Maria Anna, Queen of Spain
3153:Constance, Queen of Poland
3103:Elisabeth, Queen of France
3050:Eleanor, Duchess of Mantua
3045:Catherine, Queen of Poland
3025:Elisabeth, Queen of Poland
2962:Margaret, Duchess of Savoy
2789:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
2732:Friedrich Weissensteiner:
2256:
2140:
2132:
2012:
1895:
1891:
1765:
1649:
1641:
1521:
1415:
1411:
1331:of the Duchess of Teschen
1193:Charles François Dumouriez
1049:
539:, at that time capital of
499:Princess Isabella of Parma
354:, the couple received the
26:
4410:Children of Maria Theresa
4345:18th-century women rulers
4301:
4227:Princess Maria Antonietta
3892:also a princess of Modena
3868:
3013:Maria, Holy Roman Empress
2927:
2878:
2869:
2861:
2856:
2846:
2830:
2822:
2817:
2782:
2524:A. Graf ThĂĽrheim (1889).
2326:
2318:
2290:
2268:
2264:
2228:
2206:
2198:
2170:
2148:
2144:
2104:
2082:
2074:
2046:
2024:
2020:
1984:
1962:
1954:
1926:
1903:
1899:
1857:
1850:Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel
1835:
1827:
1799:
1777:
1773:
1737:
1715:
1707:
1679:
1657:
1653:
1613:
1591:
1583:
1555:
1533:
1529:
1512:Leopold, Duke of Lorraine
1493:
1471:
1463:
1435:
1419:
1038:(with the support of the
951:she met her sister Queen
907:Trip to Vienna and France
501:, who married the future
478:) were with their gifts.
264:
259:
250:
46:
4435:Female governors-general
4105:Princess Maria Elisabeth
3993:Princess Maria Maddalena
3874:also an infanta of Spain
3148:Margaret, Queen of Spain
3118:Anna, Holy Roman Empress
3030:Anna, Duchess of Bavaria
2123:Maria Theresa of Austria
756:Battle of Aspern-Essling
658:Ferdinand, Duke of Parma
611:Laxenburg castle complex
358:, and she was appointed
27:Not to be confused with
4014:Princess Maria Cristina
2638:Erbe 1993, pp. 176–179.
2602:Sandars, Mary Frances.
2584:Erbe 1993, pp. 174–176.
2539:Erbe 1993, pp. 172–174.
920:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
4123:Princess Maria Josepha
3988:Marie, Queen of France
3758:Princess Maria Antonia
2693:. Gerold, Vienna 1896
1324:
1304:Uxori Optimae Albertus
1274:and is located in the
1246:Treaty of Campo Formio
1225:
1217:
1178:Klemens von Metternich
1014:
915:Der Schauspieldirektor
778:
654:Charles of ZweibrĂĽcken
594:
582:
531:
442:
384:
282:
273:
4405:Daughters of emperors
3174:Anna, Queen of France
3123:Anna, Queen of Poland
2777:at Wikimedia Commons
2621:. Styria, Graz 1987,
1977:Maria Anna of Austria
1322:
1223:
1215:
1191:. The French General
1139:war against the Turks
1127:United Belgian States
897:Prince of Starhemberg
772:
588:
576:
529:
437:
378:
4375:Nobility from Vienna
4370:Duchesses of Teschen
4175:Princess Maria Luisa
3138:Gregoria Maximiliana
3108:Margaret (1567–1633)
3098:Anna, Queen of Spain
2794:Cadet branch of the
1672:Louis XIII of France
1208:Last years and death
1189:Revolutionary France
992:Hendrik Van der Noot
949:Palace of Versailles
852:Austrian Netherlands
630:Duke of Saxe-Teschen
579:Marcello Bacciarelli
568:Maria Luisa of Spain
425:Trautson-Falkenstein
173:Archduchy of Austria
4440:Daughters of counts
4360:Austrian princesses
4093:Princess Maria Anna
3525:Elisabeth Franziska
3143:Eleanor (1582–1620)
1574:Eleonore of Austria
1286:complex in Vienna.
846:After the death of
634:Ungarisch Altenburg
116:29 November 1780 –
4420:Daughters of kings
2857:Political offices
2833:Duchess of Teschen
1325:
1280:Augustinian Church
1226:
1218:
1201:Battle of Jemappes
1162:Flight to Varennes
1112:Poppelsdorf Palace
1108:Elector of Cologne
1104:Maximilian Francis
1076:Brabant Revolution
1052:Brabant Revolution
783:Hungarian nobility
779:
595:
583:
532:
443:
429:Obersthofmeisterin
385:
381:Martin van Meytens
64:Duchess of Teschen
55:Martin van Meytens
36:Duchess of Teschen
4317:
4316:
4312:
3900:
3899:
3113:Maria (1584–1649)
2888:
2887:
2879:Succeeded by
2847:Succeeded by
2797:House of Lorraine
2773:Media related to
2759:, p. 172–179
2725:978-3-406-69748-7
2689:Hanns Schlitter,
2392:
2391:
2388:
2387:
1063:Pro aris et focis
1058:French Revolution
1046:Twofold expulsion
981:Josephine Reforms
934:Schönbrunn Palace
762:
761:
716:
715:
491:Clemens of Saxony
452:Schönbrunn Palace
337:
336:
332:Roman Catholicism
302:Habsburg-Lorraine
291:
290:
177:Holy Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
4447:
4395:Albertine branch
4365:Dukes of Teschen
4303:
4274:Princess Dolores
3927:
3920:
3913:
3904:
3746:Maria Inmaculata
3653:Maria Antonietta
3643:Maria Annunciata
3133:Catherine Renata
2914:
2907:
2900:
2891:
2862:Preceded by
2823:Preceded by
2813:
2806:
2780:
2772:
2744:, p. 57–103
2729:
2677:
2676:
2663:
2657:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2630:
2615:
2609:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2531:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2498:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2453:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2409:
2406:
1606:Eleonora Gonzaga
1405:
1396:
1257:Augustinerbastei
1197:Charles de Croix
1098:they arrived to
953:Marie Antoinette
881:Palace of Laeken
790:Art Collection.
748:5 September 1771
726:
683:
626:Duchy of Teschen
356:Duchy of Teschen
352:Albert of Saxony
266:
252:
234:
232:
228:
189:
165:
163:
119:
51:
39:
21:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4355:House of Wettin
4320:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4307:
4297:
4255:12th generation
4250:
4220:11th generation
4215:
4191:10th generation
4186:
4163:
4140:
4081:
4065:
4049:
4033:
4002:
3966:
3934:
3931:
3901:
3896:
3864:
3853:18th generation
3848:
3822:17th generation
3817:
3796:16th generation
3791:
3716:15th generation
3711:
3616:14th generation
3611:
3556:13th generation
3551:
3466:12th generation
3461:
3408:11th generation
3403:
3368:Maria Elisabeth
3344:Maria Elisabeth
3337:10th generation
3332:
3301:
3297:Maria Magdalena
3277:Maria Elisabeth
3260:
3217:
3162:
3074:
3001:
2966:
2950:
2934:
2923:
2918:
2884:
2875:
2867:
2852:
2838:
2836:
2828:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2792:
2785:
2766:
2726:
2709:
2686:
2681:
2680:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2616:
2612:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2393:
1730:Anne of Austria
1393:
1317:
1270:in Vienna. Her
1210:
1054:
1048:
1002:Jan Frans Vonck
977:
969:Madame de Staël
930:Antonio Salieri
909:
844:
839:
767:
674:puerperal fever
670:
593:, ca. 1766–1770
566:, with Infanta
524:
456:genre paintings
395:with the names
373:
368:
346:of Austria and
287:
236:
224:
220:
217:
204:
191:
187:
167:
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117:
58:
42:Maria Christina
37:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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4168:9th generation
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4142:
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4096:
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4004:
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3968:
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3353:
3347:
3340:
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3334:
3333:
3331:
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3325:
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3315:
3309:
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3306:9th generation
3303:
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3300:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
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3265:8th generation
3262:
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3259:
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3248:
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3238:
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3225:
3223:
3222:7th generation
3219:
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3216:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3170:
3168:
3167:6th generation
3164:
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3155:
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3145:
3140:
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3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
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3079:5th generation
3076:
3075:
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3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3016:
3009:
3007:
3006:4th generation
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2974:
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2971:3rd generation
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2955:2nd generation
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2942:
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2939:1st generation
2936:
2935:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2885:
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2877:
2868:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2850:Albert Casimir
2848:
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2842:Albert Casimir
2829:
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2818:Regnal titles
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2793:
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2764:External links
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2747:Michael Erbe:
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1050:Main article:
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2718:: C.H. Beck.
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1327:The personal
1321:
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1308:Enlightenment
1305:
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1019:Joseph Murray
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751:30 April 1847
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4415:LGBT royalty
4309:
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3885:
3879:
3873:
3438:Maria Amalia
3361:
2870:
2839:
2831:
2812:24 June 1798
2809:
2802:
2795:
2787:
2767:
2748:
2733:
2711:
2690:
2684:Bibliography
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1329:coat of arms
1326:
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845:
827:Pope Pius VI
811:Maria Amalia
792:
780:
717:
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650:Maria Amalia
647:
639:
629:
614:
603:local castle
598:
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444:
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386:
339:
338:
188:(1798-06-24)
186:24 June 1798
118:1 March 1792
53:Portrait by
33:
4335:1798 deaths
4330:1742 births
3498:Maria Luisa
2805:13 May 1742
2605:Louis XVIII
1282:within the
1135:enlightened
842:First years
706:17 May 1767
703:16 May 1767
643:Schloss Hof
599:Statthalter
371:Early years
166:13 May 1742
124:Predecessor
78:Predecessor
4324:Categories
3563:Maria Anna
3493:Maria Anna
3426:Maria Anna
3350:Maria Anna
2876:1781–1793
2396:References
1296:Freemasons
1185:Francis II
1131:Leopold II
1088:Luxembourg
615:GrĂĽnnehaus
476:Maximilian
162:1742-05-13
3192:Margarita
3040:Magdalena
2837:1766–1798
2826:Joseph II
2629:, p. 300.
1343:Lithuania
1276:Herzgruft
1151:Frankfurt
1147:Vonckists
997:Vonckists
990:, led by
947:. In the
945:Louis XVI
856:Joseph II
819:Ferdinand
788:Albertina
560:Innsbruck
537:Pressburg
468:Ferdinand
366:Biography
263:English:
144:Alongside
134:Successor
98:Alongside
88:Successor
82:Joseph II
3860:Eleonore
3829:Gabriela
3803:Adelheid
3697:Eleonora
3586:Mathilda
3055:Margaret
2751:, 1993,
1391:Ancestry
1379:Lorraine
1367:Burgundy
1242:Napoleon
1166:Provence
1143:Statists
1120:Mechelen
1084:Flanders
1072:Brussels
987:Statists
893:Bavarian
873:Brussels
799:Florence
678:smallpox
623:Silesian
551:(son of
522:Marriage
512:Eurydice
414:Podewils
328:Religion
3764:Assunta
3740:Dolores
3520:Hermine
3380:Johanna
2695:on-line
1385:Teschen
1375:Austria
1363:Bohemia
1359:Hungary
1353:Teschen
1333:impales
1253:Teplitz
1234:Dresden
1230:MĂĽnster
1199:at the
1155:Dresden
1096:Koblenz
1080:Brabant
1032:Brabant
889:Scheldt
721:Charles
607:florins
541:Hungary
508:Orpheus
460:gouache
393:Hofburg
235:
223:
219:
3623:Sophie
3065:Helena
2808:
2755:
2740:
2722:
2716:Munich
2625:
2448:
1920:(= 18)
1371:Medici
1347:Saxony
1339:Poland
1238:Vienna
1170:Artois
1068:Laeken
865:Tienen
861:Vienna
817:) and
807:Naples
777:, 1776
738:Notes
695:Notes
581:, 1766
487:Albert
447:Jesuit
389:Vienna
383:, 1750
318:Mother
308:Father
279:French
270:German
229:
209:Spouse
197:Burial
169:Vienna
113:Tenure
57:, 1765
3180:MarĂa
2840:with
2810:Died:
2803:Born:
2671:[
1092:Trier
1036:Breda
941:Paris
823:Milan
815:Parma
795:Italy
735:Death
732:Birth
692:Death
689:Birth
668:Issue
405:Marie
297:House
255:Names
242:Issue
233:)
225:(
221:
70:Reign
4077:none
4045:none
2753:ISBN
2738:ISBN
2720:ISBN
2623:ISBN
2446:ISBN
2339:31.
2307:15.
2281:30.
2219:29.
2187:14.
2161:28.
2095:27.
2063:13.
2037:26.
1975:25.
1943:12.
1916:24.
1848:23.
1816:11.
1790:22.
1728:21.
1696:10.
1670:20.
1604:19.
1546:18.
1484:17.
1426:16.
1315:Arms
1168:and
1145:and
1100:Bonn
1094:and
1070:for
922:and
821:(in
813:(in
805:(in
729:Name
686:Name
510:and
489:and
474:and
409:Mimi
231:1766
183:Died
156:Born
3878:**
2245:7.
2121:3.
2001:6.
1874:1.
1754:5.
1630:2.
1572:9.
1510:4.
1452:8.
1387:).
928:of
918:of
867:by
809:),
801:),
407:or
4326::
3890:#
3884:^
3872:*
3231:**
3194:**
3188:**
3182:**
3176:**
3094:**
3088:**
2714:.
1090:,
833:.
758:.
470:,
281::
272::
227:m.
175:,
171:,
4308:^
4294:*
4288:*
4282:*
4276:*
4270:*
4264:*
4247:*
4241:*
4235:*
4229:*
4212:*
4206:*
4200:*
4183:*
4177:*
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4154:*
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4131:*
4125:*
4119:*
4113:*
4107:*
4101:*
4095:*
3963:^
3926:e
3919:t
3912:v
3778:^
3772:^
3766:^
3760:^
3754:^
3748:^
3742:^
3736:^
3730:^
3673:^
3667:^
3661:^
3655:^
3608:#
3582:^
3576:^
3570:^
3548:#
3542:#
3506:^
3500:^
3458:#
3452:#
3446:#
3440:^
3434:^
3428:^
3422:^
3400:^
3394:^
3388:^
3382:^
3376:^
3370:^
3364:^
3358:^
3352:^
3346:^
3237:*
3021:*
3015:*
2998:*
2992:*
2986:*
2980:*
2913:e
2906:t
2899:v
2728:.
2452:.
1381:)
1349:)
164:)
160:(
31:.
20:)
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