History of archery - Knowledge (XXG)

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penetration as the crossbow, but a much higher rate of fire. It also required more skill and strength to use effectively than a crossbow. Its lack of accuracy at long ranges made it a mass weapon rather than an individual one. During the late medieval period the English army famously relied on massed archers armed with the longbow. In the Scottish Highlands, archers were used in battle until 1689 at Killiekrankie, with a documented fatal shot from the Hanoverian Government army. They were last used in large numbers during the final clan battle between the MacDonalds and the Mackintoshes in 1688. Highlanders are most regularly recorded or depicted using the short recurve or "McNaughton Bow" in this period. Significant victories attributable to the longbow, such as the

1046:(a form of recurve composite bow) as their principal weapon. Mongol bows of that period were constructed from leather, horn, and wood with animal sinew outside, held together with fish glue and covered with tree bark to protect against water. 13th century bows were said to be able to shoot 700–800 meters accurately. Warriors would carry two bows, a long one for shooting at range and a short one for close fighting. They also carried different types of arrows for different uses, some of which could pierce thick armour. The bow was also used for hunting, and warriors were trained from an early age, and competed in tournaments. 1173: 1064: 869: 430: 796: 491: 311: 804: 1301:; however mounted archers remained in the Ottoman order of battle until the post-1826 reforms to the Ottoman Army. The art of traditional archery remained in minority use for sport and for hunting in Turkey up until the 1920s, but the knowledge of constructing composite bows fell out of use with the death of the last bowyer in the 1930s. The rest of the Middle East also lost the continuity of its archery tradition at this time. 1157: 584: 7281: 1231:

man-portable missile weapon (16th century arquebuses and muskets had 1,300 to 3,000 joules per shot depending on size and powder load, as compared to 80-100 joules for a typical longbow arrow or 150-200 joules for a crossbow bolt), and were tactically superior in the common situation of soldiers shooting at each other from behind obstructions. They also penetrated steel armour without any need to develop special

1366: 739:(dhanus "bow" and veda "knowledge"), which was an ancient treatise on the science of archery and its use in warfare. The existence of Dhanurveda or "Science of Archery" in antiquity is evident from references made in several works of ancient literature. The Viṣṇu Purāṇa refers it as one of the eighteen branches of knowledge taught, while the Mahābhārata mentions it as having sutras like other vedas. 7291: 405:-borne archers became a defining feature of Middle Bronze Age warfare, from Europe to Eastern Asia and India. However, in the Middle Bronze Age, with the development of massed infantry tactics, and with the use of chariots for shock tactics or as prestigious command vehicles, archery seems to have lessened in importance in European warfare. In approximately the same period, with the 1350:, established in 1688. The latter held competitions in which the archers had to dislodge a wooden parrot from the top of an abbey tower. The Company of Scottish Archers was formed in 1676 and is one of the oldest sporting bodies in the world. It remained a small and scattered pastime, however, until the late 18th century when it experienced a fashionable revival among the 30: 1312:

remained competitive with muzzle-loading guns. "After... about 1800, most Comanches began to discard muskets and pistols and to rely on their older weapons." Repeating firearms, however, were superior in turn, and the Comanches adopted them when they could. Bows remained effective hunting weapons for

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was occupied between around 3700 and 3400 BC; excavations found that every timber structure on the site had been burnt, and there was a concentration of arrow heads around a probable entrance to the enclosure, suggesting that these arrows may have been used by a large group of archers in an organized

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in 1658 were "shooting six times before a musketeer can fire twice". Firearms were also very susceptible to wet weather. However, they had a longer effective range (up to 200 yards for the longbow, up to 600 yards for the musket), greater penetration, were extremely powerful compared to any previous

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Rosendahl, Gaëlle; Beinhauer, Karl-Wilhelm; Löscher, Manfred; Kreipl, Kurt; Walter, Rudolf & Rosendahl, Wilfried (2006). "Le plus vieil arc du monde? Une pièce intéressante en provenance de Mannheim, Allemagne" [The oldest bow in the world? An interesting piece from Mannheim, Germany].

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for the competitors. The clubs were "the drawing rooms of the great country houses placed outside" and thus came to play an important role in the social networks of local elites. As well as its emphasis on display and status, the sport was notable for its popularity with females. Young women could

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At the start of the medieval period, shortbows were used for both hunting and warfare. Medieval shortbows were structurally similar to ancient bows, but new construction materials significantly increased their usefulness. With a range of about 100yds a shortbow had the ability to kill or injure an

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his enemy ordered "all the archers, of whom there was a very great number in Gaul, to be collected". By the 4th century, archers with powerful composite bows were a regular part of Roman armies throughout the empire. During the fall of the western empire, the Romans came under severe pressure from

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mounted archery was largely supplanted by foot archers. This was in contrast to the nomadic armies on horseback from Central Asia such as the Iranian, Scythians, Parthians, Kushans, and Hunas. Later Indian kingdoms entities would maintain and field large numbers of mounted archers. The use of bows

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first appeared in Europe in the 13th century, although similar weapons were described in antiquity. It did not appear with any frequency until the 14th. Like their shortbow predecessors longbow archers were more likely to be peasants or yeomen than men-at-arms. The longbow had a similar range and

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A trilobate arrowhead can be defined as an arrowhead that has three wings or blades that are usually placed at equal angles (i.e. c. 120°) around the imaginary longitudinal axis extending from the centre of the socket or tang. Since this type of arrowhead is rare in southeastern Arabia, we must

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was introduced in Europe. Crossbows generally had a longer range, greater accuracy and more penetration than the shortbow, but suffered from a much slower rate of fire. Unlike the longbow they did not require special skill or strength to use effectively. They were also controversial, attracting

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was the preferred bow in the later Medieval period. More powerful than the shortbow, they had the advantage over the longer longbow that they could be fired from horseback. However they also required skilled craftsmen to manufacture, and, like the longbow, extensive training to use well. The

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describes it as that 'upaveda of yajurveda' which has five arts or practical aspects. The Dhanurveda enumerates the rules of archery, and describes the uses of weapons and the training the army. Besides providing the account of the training of the archers, Vasiṣṭha's Dhanurveda describes the

1532:. These modern forms are now dominant in modern Western archery; traditional bows are in a minority. In the 1980s, the skills of traditional archery were revived by American enthusiasts, and combined with the new scientific understanding. Much of this expertise is available in the 141:

in Southern France, used some 54,000 years ago, have damage from use that indicates their use as projectile weapons, and some are too small (less than 10mm across as the base) for any practical use other than as arrowheads. They are associated with possibly the first groups of

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Boudot-Lamotte, A. (1972). "J. D. Latham et Lt. Cdr. W. F. Paterson, Saracen Archery, An English version and exposition of a Mameluke work on Archery (ca. A.D. 1368), with Introduction, Glossary, and Illustrations, London (The Holland Press) 1970, XL + 219 pp".

3734:'Kitāb f maʿrifat ʿilm ramy al-sihām', a treatise on archery by Husayn b. ʿAbd al-Rahman b. Muhammad b. Muhammad b. ʿAbdallah al-Yunini AH 647(?)–724, AH 1249-50(?)–1324 : A critical edition of the Arabic text together with a study of the work in English 1390:

being presented as a reward to the victor. General meetings were held from 1789, in which local lodges convened together to standardise the rules and ceremonies. Archery was also co-opted as a distinctively British tradition, dating back to the lore of

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Junkmanns, Jürgen; Klügl, Johanna; Schoch, Werner H.; Di Pietro, Giovanna & Hafner, Albert (December 2019). "Neolithic and Bronze Age archery equipment from alpine ice-patches: A review on components, construction techniques and functionality".

1486:, founded in 1961 and named in honor of Pope and his friend, Arthur Young, became one of North America's leading bowhunting and conservation organizations. Founded as a nonprofit scientific organization, the club was patterned after the prestigious 1188:

eventually rendered bows obsolete in warfare. Despite the high social status, ongoing utility, and widespread pleasure of archery, almost every culture that gained access to even early firearms used them widely, to the relative neglect of archery.

1133:. It describes the means of how a yew bow could be made, the kinds of wood that could be used, how to shoot it, string it and different kind of arrows. According to the writer, its purpose is for posterity, possibly due to the rise of the gun. 559: 1292:

still fielded auxiliary cavalry which was noted for its use of bows from horseback. This practice was continued by the Ottoman subject nations, despite the Empire itself being a proponent of early firearms. The practice declined after the

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Archery societies were set up across the country, each with its own strict entry criteria and outlandish costumes. Recreational archery soon became extravagant social and ceremonial events for the nobility, complete with flags, music and

962:, with models having a range of 300 yd (274 m) and being able to penetrate armour or kill a horse. They fired short metal bolts rather than arrows. The French army relied substantially on the crossbow in late medieval times. 666:. The nomads from the Eurasian steppes are believed to play an integral part in introducing the composite bow to other civilizations, including Mesopotamia, Iran, India, East Asia, and Europe. There are arrowheads from the earliest 157:, dated to 48,000 years ago. "Bow-and-arrow hunting at the Sri Lankan site likely focused on monkeys and smaller animals, such as squirrels... Remains of these creatures were found in the same sediment as the bone points." 3546:

During the Choson period (1392–1910), Korea adopted a military-service examination system from China that included a focus on archery skills and that contributed to the development of Korean archery as a practical martial

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Ongoing use of bows and arrows was maintained in isolated cultures with little or no contact with the outside world. The use of traditional archery in some African conflicts has been reported in the 21st century, and the

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not only compete in the contests but retain and show off their sexuality while doing so. Thus, archery came to act as a forum for introductions, flirtation and romance. It was often consciously styled in the manner of a

1026:. Their archers were more lightly armoured than the Cataphracts, and consequently more mobile. Their tactic was to fire at the enemy infantry, and use their superior mobility to prevent the enemy from closing with them. 579:

formed the first standing armies used exclusively for warfare. This included soldiers trained and employed as archers. The archers served as an integral division of the military that was used on foot and on chariots.

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in 1844 and over the next decade the extravagant and festive practices of the past were gradually whittled away and the rules were standardised as the 'York Round' – a series of shoots at 60, 80, and 100 yards.

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still use bows as part of a lifestyle scarcely touched by outside contact. A remote group in Brazil, recently photographed from the air, aimed bows at the aeroplane. Bows and arrows saw considerable use in the

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From the 1920s, professional engineers took an interest in archery, previously the exclusive field of traditional craft experts. They led the commercial development of new forms of bow including the modern

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In China, at the beginning of the 21st century, there has been revival in interest among craftsmen looking to construct bows and arrows, as well as in practicing technique in the traditional Chinese style.

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A right exelent and pleasaunt dialogue, betwene Mercury and an English souldier contayning his supplication to Mars: bevvtified with sundry worthy histories, rare inuentions, and politike deuises

330:, Castellón, Valencia. A depiction of a larger battle (which may, however, date to the early Neolithic), in which eleven archers are attacked by seventeen running archers, is found in Les Dogue, 4458:

Archery: The Technical Side. A compilation of scientific and technical articles on theory, construction, use and performance of bows and arrows, reprinted from journals of science and of archery

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different types of bows and arrows, as well as the process of making them. Detailed accounts of training methodologies in early India considered to be an essential martial skill in early India.

950:. The shortbow remained the primary ranged weapon throughout early medieval Europe. Archers were usually unarmoured, and were typically peasants or townsmen rather than nobles or men-at-arms. 1713:

The Handbook Of The SAS And Elite Forces. How The Professionals Fight And Win. Edited by Jon E. Lewis. p.488-Tactics And Techniques, Survival. Robinson Publishing Ltd 1997. ISBN 1-85487-675-9

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With the bow let us win cows, with the bow let us win the contest and violent battles with the bow. The bow ruins the enemy's pleasure; with the bow let us conquer all corners of the world.

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adopted a military-service examination system from China that included a focus on archery skills and that contributed to the development of Korean archery as a practical martial art.

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The oldest Neolithic bow known from Europe was found in anaerobic layers dating between 7,400 and 7,200 BP, the earliest layer of settlement at the lake settlement at La Draga,

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helped to improve archery standards and pioneered new archery techniques. He won the Grand National 11 times in a row and published a highly influential guide to the sport in 1856.

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Langley, Michelle C.; Amano, Noel; Wedage, Oshan; Deraniyagala, Siran; Pathmala, M. M.; Perera, Nimal; Boivin, Nicole; Petraglia, Michael D. & Roberts, Patrick (12 June 2020).

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Domestication of horses and mounted horseback archery are also believed to have originated in the Eurasian steppes. This revolutionized warfare as well as the practice of archery.

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in 341 BC. Because the cultures associated with Chinese society spanned a wide geography and time range, the techniques and equipment associated with Chinese archery are diverse.

1246:, ironically a part of the oldest regular unit in England to be armed with gunpowder weapons. The last recorded use of bows in battle in England seems to have been a skirmish at 483:

fielded large numbers of archers in their armies. Arrows were destructive against massed formations, and the use of archers often proved decisive. The Sanskrit term for archery,

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Archery continued in some areas that were subject to limitations on the ownership of arms, such as the Scottish Highlands during the repression that followed the decline of the

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was the general ratio of Malian formations in the 16th century. The archers generally opened battle, softening up the enemy for cavalry charges or the advance of the spearmen.

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The composite bow in India was being used by 2nd millennium BCE. The bow was used extensively on foot as well on chariots. It was incorporated into the standing armies of the

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Possible fragments of a bow found at Mannheim-Vogelstang have been dated to the Early Magdelenian age (c. 17,500 to 18,000 years ago) and at Stellmoor dated 11,000 years ago.

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bladelets found embedded in a human skull and within the thoracic cavity of another human skeleton, suggest the use of stone-tipped arrows as weapons about 10,000 years ago.

1413:, the sport became increasingly popular among all classes, and it was framed as a nostalgic reimagining of the preindustrial rural Britain. Particularly influential was Sir 381:

and arrowheads are also commonly found in Beaker graves. European Neolithic fortifications, arrow-heads, injuries, and representations indicate that, in Neolithic and Early

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The British initiated a major revival of archery as an upper-class pursuit from about 1780–1840. Early recreational archery societies included the Finsbury Archers and the

1111: 3428: 220:, Switzerland, alongside the remains of both a bear and a hunter, with flint fragments found in the bear's third vertebra, suggest the use of arrows at 13,500 years ago. 1092:

A complete arrow of 75 cm (along with other fragments and arrow heads) dated back to 1283 AD, was discovered inside a cave situated in the Qadisha Valley, Lebanon.

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about 2100–1700 BC. These people are also believed to have invented spoke-wheeled chariots, and chariot archery became an integral component of the militaries of early

4978: 299:) and other small woody shoots. Some still have flint arrow-heads preserved; others have blunt wooden ends for hunting birds and small game. The ends show traces of 6736: 6477: 6073: 4036:

The mean depth of arrow wounds, for example, was an inch and a half, that of gunshot wounds six inches, not counting balls that went right through the body or head.

1338: 1254:, an impromptu militia, armed with bows, was effective against un-armoured musketmen. The last use of the bow in battle in Britain is said to have occurred at the 612:

detail the bows and the number of arrows assigned to the chariot crew. Archery was essential to the role of the light horse-drawn chariot as a vehicle of warfare.

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Alofs, Eduard (2014). "Studies on Mounted Warfare in Asia I: Continuity and Change in Middle Eastern Warfare, c. ce 550–1350–What Happened to the Horse Archer?".

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Backwell, Lucinda; d'Errico, Francesco & Wadley, Lyn (June 2008). "Middle Stone Age bone tools from the Howiesons Poort layers, Sibudu Cave, South Africa".

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was already using mounted archers extensively by the 5th Century, and the Emperor Mavrikios laid down principles for their use in his seminal military work the

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made extensive use of shortbows both on land and at sea, but other early medieval armies less so, with some notable exceptions. Both sides used archers at the

943:, and the Norman archers struck a decisive blow by firing their arrows into the air (avoiding shields and armour which they could not penetrate) and wounding 6692: 6201: 323: 6524: 5975: 527:" were a conventional representation of Egypt's external enemies. One of the oldest representations of the Nine bows is on the seated statue of Pharaoh 3533: 1239:

in 1503 was won by Spain mainly by the use of matchlock firearms, marking the first time a major battle in Europe was won through the use of firearms.

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Alofs, Eduard (2015). "Studies on Mounted Warfare in Asia II: The Iranian Tradition–The Armoured Horse Archer in the Middle East, c. ce 550–1350".

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Lombard, Marlize & Phillipson, Laurel (2010). "Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64,000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa".

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people of Punjab and it is stated that the Punjab Kamboj Gaure/Gore came from the Kunar valley to Punjab at some point in time in the past. (See:

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Lahr, M. Mirazón; Rivera, F.; Power, R.K.; Mounier, A.; Copsey, B.; Crivellaro, F.; Edung, J.E.; Fernandez, J.M. Maillo & Kiarie, C. (2016).

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Lombard, Marlize (August 2011). "Quartz-tipped arrows older than 60 ka: further use-trace evidence from Sibudu, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, South Africa".

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as long as there were buffalo to hunt. The last Comanche hunt was in 1878, and it failed for lack of buffalo, not lack of appropriate weapons.

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A treatise on Saracen archery was written in 1368. This was a didactic poem on archery dedicated to a Mameluke sultan by Ṭaibughā al-Ashrafī.

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became more popular among the middle class. By 1889, just 50 archery clubs were left in Britain, but it was still included as a sport at the

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in 1877, some rebels fell back on the use of bows and arrows. Archery remained an important part of the military examinations until 1894 in

1193:"Have them bring as many guns as possible, for no other equipment is needed. Give strict orders that all men, even the samurai, carry guns." 4971: 1843: 563:

Archer wearing feather headdress. Alabaster. From Nineveh, Iraq. Reign of Ashurbanipal II, 668–627 BC. The Burrell Collection, Glasgow, UK.

134:, where likely arrowheads have been found, dating from approximately 72,000–60,000 years ago, on some of which poisons may have been used. 2636: 982:

becoming part of military lore. In both England and Scotland legislation was passed to ensure a supply of trained longbowmen, such as the

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severely limited the import and manufacture of guns, and encouraged traditional martial skills among the samurai; towards the end of the

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of many cultures) until the end of the 19th century, when bow and arrows was made functionally obsolete by the invention and spread of

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Gwang Ok; Seokgyu Choi & Hee Surk Jeong (2010). "'The Disturbance of War': The Ancient Origin and Development of Korean Archery".

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Within the steppe of Eurasia, archery continued to play an important part in warfare, although now restricted to mounted archery. The

1235:. Armies equipped with guns could thus provide superior firepower, and highly trained archers became obsolete on the battlefield. The 326:

of the Mesolithic, show battles between archers. A group of three archers encircled by a group of four is found in Cueva del Roure,

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Arab archery. An Arabic manuscript of about A.D. 1500, "A book on the excellence of the bow & arrow" and the description thereof

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Backwell, Lucinda; Bradfield, Justin; Carlson, Kristian J.; Jashashvili, Tea; Wadley, Lyn & d'Errico, Francesco (April 2018).

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stigma to those who used them, and were outlawed by the Lateran Council of 1139. Despite this, crossbows were used in the early

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practiced archery and Cretan mercenary archers were in great demand. Crete was known for its unbroken tradition of archery.

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during the Maurya Era, goes in depth on the importance and implementation of archery. It also mentions an archery school at

369:. The intact specimen is short at 1.08 m (3 ft 7 in), has a D-shaped cross-section, and is made of yew wood. 1516:

and in some Asian countries but it is not recognized as an international competition. Archery is the national sport of the

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Traditional Bowyers Encyclopedia: The Bowhunting and Bowmaking World of the Nation's Top Crafters of Longbows and Recurves

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The early Romans had very few archers, if any. As their empire grew, they recruited auxiliary archers from other nations.

2611: 6329: 5869: 5342: 2531: 1243: 1172: 345:, about 2500 BC, spreading south into the temperate zones as early as 2000 BC, and was widely known among the 143: 2800:. Translated from the French by David Lorton (1st English ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. p. 29. 1327: 1168:. The date of the top image is unknown; the middle image is from 1496 and the bottom panel is circa fourteenth century. 1063: 7315: 7254: 7204: 5295: 4725: 4050:

The Knight and the Blast Furnace: A History of the Metallurgy of Armour in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period

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Lombard, Marlize (October 2020). "The tip cross-sectional areas of poisoned bone arrowheads from southern Africa".

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and advocated responsible bowhunting by promoting quality, fair chase hunting, and sound conservation practices.

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Towards the end of the 19th century, the sport experienced declining participation as alternative sports such as

6897: 6592: 5684: 5229: 3210: 1207:(c. 1569 – c. 1644) mentions archery as having been practiced "down to a recent period within our own memory." 406: 3773:

A translation of "Kitāb fī bayān fadl al-qaws w-al-sahm wa-awsāfihima," no. 793 in descriptive catalog of the

2825: 3465: 1129:, France, in the late 15th century details how archery in medieval Europe was practiced. The book was titled 6709: 6619: 5791: 5558: 5377: 5310: 5042: 4767: 3541: 1487: 1011:, an armoured horse archer. The Byzantines also recruited mercenary light mounted archers from the Steppes. 983: 716: 540: 338:, Aragon, seven archers with plumes on their heads are fleeing a group of eight archers running in pursuit. 283:

pointed shafts have been found in England, Germany, Denmark, and Sweden. They were often rather long, up to

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Based on indirect evidence, the bow seems also to have appeared or reappeared later in Eurasia around the

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Archers were a widespread if supplemental part of the military in the classical period, and bowmen fought

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Mummies from Lebanon: Preliminary Report on the Archaeological Discovery of 'Asi-al-Hadat (13th Century)

3568: 1358:, an antiquarian and collector, formed the Toxophilite Society in London in 1781, with the patronage of 873: 819: 4091: 3392: 3184: 327: 4673:

Johnes, Martin (April 2004). "Archery, romance and elite culture in England and Wales, c. 1780–1840".

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Momies du Liban: Rapport préliminaire sur la découverte archaéologique de 'Asi-al-Hadat (XIIIe siècle)

795: 6887: 6753: 6748: 6731: 6726: 6704: 6494: 6208: 6061: 5953: 5857: 5650: 5335: 5305: 5134: 5077: 2607: 2250: 2193: 2115: 2058: 2001: 1911: 1804: 1761: 1262:'s Royalist highlanders defeated an army of Scottish Covenanters. Among Montrose's army were bowmen. 1255: 712:

The use of bow and arrow was recorded extensively throughout the history of the Indian subcontinent.

639: 544: 3325: 2104:"Bow-and-arrow, technology of the first modern humans in Europe 54,000 years ago at Mandrin, France" 1990:"Bow-and-arrow, technology of the first modern humans in Europe 54,000 years ago at Mandrin, France" 1512:

In modern times, mounted archery continues to be practiced as a popular competitive sport in modern

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are depicted giving "lessons in archery". Some Egyptian deities are also connected to archery. The "

6918: 6792: 6403: 6262: 6095: 5628: 5501: 5382: 5357: 4650:"A Rural Community and a Train Stop: Archery, Georgia, and the Jimmy Carter National Historic Site" 4600: 4482: 3892: 3170: 2494: 2384: 2292: 1867: 1483: 1464: 1236: 1219: 975: 837: 445: 319: 103: 88: 61: 4714:

Kaegi, Walter Emil Jr. (1964). "The contribution of archery to the Turkish conquest of Anatolia".

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people took to archery as early as 5,000 years ago. It was widespread by the time of the earliest

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and have flat arms and a D-shaped midsection. The center section is biconvex. The complete bow is

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Naukar, Rajput, and Sepoy: The Ethnohistory of the Military Labour Market of Hindustan, 1450–1850

3923: 3878: 3682: 3125: 2554: 2467: 2435: 2407: 2389: 2274: 1970: 1939:"The antiquity of bow-and-arrow technology: evidence from Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave" 1884: 1847: 1777: 1497:, and is the basis of a popular modern sport. The Japanese continue to make and use their unique 1322: 1274: 1227: 940: 816: 390: 370: 250:

and consisted of a mainshaft and a 15–20 centimetre (6–8 inches) long foreshaft with a

224: 87:. Archery rose to prominence in Europe in the later medieval period, where victories such as the 180: 1470:

In the United States, primitive archery was revived in the early 20th century. The last of the

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skilled horse archers, used to some extent by all Native Americans on the Great Plains to hunt

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Delrue, Parsival (2007). "Trilobate Arrowheads at Ed-Dur (U.A.E, Emirate of Umm Al-Qaiwain)".

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Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Military Technology, Missiles and Sieges, Volume 5, Part 6

2827:

Enemies of Civilization: Attitudes toward Foreigners in Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China

2439: 341:

Archery seems to have arrived in the Americas via Alaska, as early as 6000 BC, with the

261:

swamp in Denmark. In the 1940s, two bows were found there, dated to about 8,000 BP. The

7284: 7171: 6977: 6831: 6780: 6687: 6430: 6272: 6213: 5933: 5889: 5689: 5511: 5362: 5322: 5018: 4840: 4802: 4757: 4729: 4702: 4684: 4636: 4609: 4578: 4549: 4213: 4116: 4011: 3945: 3870: 3714: 3432: 3045: 2898: 2546: 2476: 2327: 2258: 2209: 2201: 2184: 2131: 2123: 2074: 2066: 2017: 2009: 1960: 1950: 1919: 1876: 1812: 1769: 1587: 1347: 1204: 1085: 1000: 947: 918: 803: 480: 476: 472: 468: 295: 289: 217: 198: 99: 49: 3620: 2180:"Bows and arrows and complex symbolic displays 48,000 years ago in the South Asian tropics" 519:

and was practiced both for hunting and use in warfare. Legendary figures from the tombs of

7125: 6997: 6923: 6880: 6870: 6802: 6661: 6631: 6393: 6321: 6299: 6257: 6152: 6122: 5987: 5982: 5633: 5516: 5087: 3808: 3559: 3514: 3387: 3214: 3009: 3005: 1582: 1577: 1431:

The 1840s saw the first attempts at turning the recreation into a modern sport. The first

1410: 1309: 1294: 1223: 1215: 1072: 979: 971: 880: 853: 779:

and arrows continued to be used as the mainstay of most Indian armies until the advent of

655: 460: 456: 414: 84: 4436: 2047:"Modern human incursion into Neanderthal territories 54,000 years ago at Mandrin, France" 1638:"Archery history: Tribal use of the bow and arrow through the modern day | World Archery" 1122:

of c. 1500 details the practices and techniques of archery among the Arabs of that time.

4761: 4171: 3639:"Ouadi Qadisha (the Holy Valley) and the Forest of the Cedars of God (Horsh Arz el-Rab)" 2254: 2197: 2119: 2062: 2005: 1915: 1808: 1765: 1447: 254:

point. They had shallow grooves on the base, indicating that they were shot from a bow.

7176: 7090: 7012: 6770: 6697: 6519: 6484: 6415: 6304: 6176: 5884: 5469: 5459: 5261: 4540: 3774: 3765: 3348: 3287: 3202: 3113: 3095: 3056:. Vol. 11 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 174. 3037: 2579: 2214: 2179: 2136: 2103: 2079: 2046: 2022: 1989: 1689: 1441: 1314: 1289: 986:

which prohibited "Several new devised Games" that might detract from archery training.

679: 667: 583: 464: 418: 378: 262: 243: 165: 138: 4514: 4015: 2238: 1663: 735:

lay emphasis on the use of the bow and arrow. The second Veda, the Yajurveda contains

547:. So effective were the Nubians as archers that Nubia as a whole would be referred to 7309: 7166: 7161: 7115: 7105: 7017: 6982: 6950: 6656: 6641: 6587: 6462: 6450: 6366: 6289: 6117: 6078: 6066: 6054: 5766: 5677: 5606: 5347: 5290: 5268: 5177: 5109: 5104: 5082: 4814: 4749: 4688: 4621: 4590: 4561: 4217: 3077: 3041: 2920: 2902: 2480: 1974: 1888: 1781: 1395:

and it served as a patriotic form of entertainment at a time of political tension in

1387: 1375: 1076: 1019: 995: 848: 844: 812: 756: 748: 651: 616: 532: 520: 512: 448: 45: 4598:

Callanan, Martin (September 2013). "Melting snow patches reveal Neolithic archery".

4076:. Shrewsbury: Leake and Evans. 24 October 1867. p. 32 – via Google Books. 4031: 2743: 2558: 1365: 7042: 6987: 6575: 6531: 6512: 6467: 6339: 6267: 6191: 6013: 5948: 5943: 5899: 5526: 5408: 5372: 5352: 5204: 5182: 5094: 3913: 3106:, branches of which are still to be found on the Panjkora and on both sides of the 2861: 2720: 2716: 2278: 2239:"Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya" 1529: 1414: 1400: 1355: 1211: 1096: 1080: 1057: 1039: 1015: 775: 760: 671: 575:

extensively used the bow and arrow for hunting and warfare. The empires in ancient

495: 421:

cultures and a foundation of their military success, until the massed use of guns.

150: 6624: 3563: 3178: 2354: 2161:"Clues to the earliest known bow-and-arrow hunting outside Africa have been found" 4654:

Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development

3343: 2331: 1773: 1608: 7110: 7032: 6940: 6875: 6614: 6604: 6560: 6555: 6507: 6445: 6381: 6282: 6127: 6049: 5970: 5958: 5751: 5719: 5704: 5694: 5665: 5623: 5538: 5506: 5454: 5387: 5224: 5099: 3874: 3788: 3174: 3099: 2928: 2821: 2692: 2550: 1559: 1525: 1479: 1403: 1351: 1232: 1137: 888: 740: 732: 576: 531:(3rd Dynasty, 27th century BC). Many of the archers in service to Egypt were of 434: 236: 131: 114:, gradually reducing the importance of archery in warfare throughout the world. 34: 4417: 4246: 3790:

The Art of Archery published, with Notes, from a Manuscript of the 15th Century

1482:, learned many of Ishi's traditional archery skills, and popularized them. The 1042:

and his successors relied almost exclusively on mounted warriors, who used the

17: 7151: 7146: 7130: 7095: 7068: 7027: 6758: 6651: 6609: 6425: 6388: 6351: 5834: 5746: 5611: 5573: 5474: 5447: 5367: 5280: 5197: 5165: 5119: 5030: 4998: 4806: 4613: 4002: 3794: 2954:

The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe ca. 1200 B.C

2866:

The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe ca. 1200 B.C

1923: 1880: 1816: 1392: 1383: 1282: 1266: 1247: 1043: 1008: 808: 659: 609: 484: 382: 335: 274: 258: 228: 176: 4582: 4553: 3741: 3674: 2562: 2378:

McEwen, Edward; Miller, Robert L. & Bergman, Christopher A. (June 1991).

539:, who go from a mercenary force during their initial service to Egypt in the 385:

Europe, archery was a major form of interpersonal violence. For example, the

7100: 7080: 7075: 7047: 6959: 6666: 6565: 6457: 6435: 6420: 6235: 6018: 6003: 5928: 5911: 5829: 5714: 5645: 5640: 5563: 5442: 5330: 5256: 5023: 5013: 3882: 3718: 1723: 1537: 1359: 1218:

in the time needed for a "ready shooter" to give five from the musket), and

902: 898: 860:

invaders, and later Eastern Roman armies relied heavily on mounted archery.

728: 663: 592: 524: 386: 314:

Cave painting of a battle between archers, Morella la Vella, Valencia, Spain

304: 300: 154: 65: 4640: 4052:. History of Warfare. Vol. 12. Leiden: Brill. pp. 922 & 945. 4023: 3572:. Vol. III, Fasc. 5. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. pp. 514–522 3241: 3102:, were also known as Gorys or Guraios, modern Ghori or Gori, a wide spread 2270: 2223: 2205: 2145: 2127: 2088: 2070: 2031: 2013: 1423:

that depicted the heroic character Locksley winning an archery tournament.

1079:

has been credited with writing a manual of archery in the tenth century in

130:

The oldest known evidence of arrows comes from South African sites such as

4381: 2499:"The Social Life of Spanish Paleolithic Hunters as Shown by Levantine Art" 2412:

Traditional Archery from Six Continents: The Charles E. Grayson Collection

935:

unarmoured man at close range, but were often ineffective against armour.

619:

has multiple references to archery as a skill identified with the ancient

7037: 6992: 6967: 6933: 6440: 6376: 6181: 5921: 5916: 5824: 5699: 5521: 5484: 5464: 4956: 4706: 4358:

Cherokee Bows and Arrows: How to Make and Shoot Primitive Bows and Arrows

2465:

Christensen, Jonas (December 2004). "Warfare in the European Neolithic".

1955: 1938: 1565: 1502: 1380: 1305: 1270: 1166:

The sports and pastimes of the people of England from the earliest period

1145: 1141: 1060:

of China (1146–256 BC); archery skill was a virtue for Chinese emperors.

959: 954: 910: 892: 764: 692: 632: 628: 624: 605: 358: 202: 169: 76: 4852: 4665: 4649: 4295:

Ishi in Two Worlds: a biography of the last wild Indian in North America

3016:(4th ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 140. 2393: 2379: 2262: 1851: 1493:

In Korea, the transformation of archery to a healthy pastime was led by

7022: 7007: 7002: 6854: 6502: 6408: 6294: 6252: 6228: 6008: 5814: 5724: 5578: 5479: 5437: 5300: 5219: 5172: 5160: 4741: 4441: 4202:"Archery, Romance and Elite Culture in England and Wales, c. 1780-1840" 3952:. University of Cambridge Oriental Publications No. 43. Cambridge, UK: 3436: 3121: 2347:

La grotte du Bichon, un site préhistorique des montagnes neuchâteloises

1965: 1831: 1690:"Battle of Agincourt | Facts, Summary, & Significance | Britannica" 1549: 1536:(see Further reading). Modern game archery owes much of its success to 1513: 1456: 1419: 1342:

A print of the 1822 meeting of the "Royal British Bowmen" archery club.

1126: 966: 897:

Archery featured prominently in ancient Chinese culture and philosophy

780: 724: 696: 620: 601: 572: 568: 548: 516: 402: 232: 213: 161: 107: 95: 80: 57: 53: 41: 29: 2653: 2651: 2444:. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. p. 72. 1242:

The last regular unit armed with bows was the Archers' Company of the

913:

were developed, and Han Dynasty writers attributed Chinese success in

840:, archers are listed among the troops Alexander personally commanded. 771:

which enrolled 103 princes from different kingdoms across the empire.

751:, and used in mounted warfare on horses, camels, and elephants with a 197:, artifacts which may be arrow-shaft straighteners are known from the 7266: 7156: 7120: 7085: 6570: 6247: 6107: 6085: 5938: 5874: 5819: 5209: 5187: 5155: 5129: 4844: 3820: 3643: 3638: 3141: 2908:

investigate its origin and the reasons behind its presence at ed-Dur.

1571: 1460: 1396: 1298: 1050: 1035: 936: 906: 884: 768: 752: 700: 536: 528: 499: 374: 362: 194: 117:

Archery is still practiced today, for hunting and as a target sport.

4733: 755:. The importance of archery continued through antiquity during the 688: 596:

units: nine rows of archers protected by one row of shield-bearers.

7063: 6636: 6356: 6240: 6090: 6044: 5906: 5761: 5709: 5655: 5285: 5251: 3107: 3103: 2102:

Metz, Laure; Lewis, Jason E.; Slimak, Ludovic (24 February 2023).

1554: 1446: 1364: 1337: 1171: 1155: 1062: 944: 867: 830: 802: 794: 720: 687: 582: 558: 489: 428: 366: 309: 251: 28: 1406:

were excluded from the clubs due to their lack of social status.

917:

to the massed use of crossbows, first definitely attested at the

6954: 6582: 6543: 6223: 6023: 5879: 5809: 5729: 5601: 5114: 4948: 4629:

Gunn, Steven (2010). "Archery practice in early Tudor England".

3591:

Groupe d'études et de recherches souterraines du Liban (1994).

1498: 1475: 1471: 1436: 799:

Apollo and Artemis. Tondo of an Attic red-figure cup, ca. 470 BC

273:(5 ft) long. Bows of Holmegaard-type were in use until the 247: 6827: 6150: 5789: 5055: 4960: 4402:[2010 Traditional Archery Symposium Held in Hangzhou]. 1664:"Bow and arrow | History, Construction & Uses | Britannica" 94:

Archery in both hunting and warfare was eventually replaced by

6186: 5894: 5660: 5618: 4786:

With a Bended Bow: Archery in Mediaeval and Renaissance Europe

3298:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 124–128. 2351:

The Bichon cave, a prehistoric site in the Neuchâtel mountains

1176:

Archery game outside the town. Jan Lamsvelt in Van Heemskerk:

1067:

Sasanian king is shooting an arrow on a horse to hunt two lion

1018:

are representative, used mounted archers against the European

857: 266: 4831:

Sutherland, Caroline (2001). "Archery in the Homeric epics".

4511:

The Office of the State Archaeologist, The University of Iowa

4074:"The Garrisons of Shropshire During the Civil War, 1642–1648" 3998:"For whom the bell tolls: accidental deaths in Tudor England" 3140:) The clan name Gore or Gaure is also found among the modern 2353:]. Archéologie neuchâteloise (in French). Vol. 42. 1505:, popular use of their traditional longbows never died out. 4456:

Hickman, C. N.; Nagler, Forrest; Klopsteg, Paul E. (1947).

3764:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Archived from 3755:

Faris, Nabih Amin & Elmer, Robert Potter, eds. (1945).

2721:"The Neolithic Settlement on Carn Brea: Preliminary Report" 638:

Three-bladed (trilobate) arrowheads have been found in the

277:; the convexity of the midsection has decreased with time. 235:, Germany. They were associated with artifacts of the late 6823: 4862:

Archery in Medieval England: Who Were the Bowmen of Crecy?

3777:

of Arabic manuscripts in the Princeton University library.

2956:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 125. 2868:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 119. 2658:

Osgood, Richard; Monks, Sarah & Toms, Judith (2010) .

2509:(Facsimile ed.). London, UK: Routledge. p. 207. 1724:"Archery | Types, Equipment & Techniques | Britannica" 1451:

Picture of Pope taken while grizzly hunting at Yellowstone

334:, Castellón, Valencia. At Val del Charco del Agua Amarga, 4386:

Folk Archery Federation of the People's Republic of China

3843:

Asano Yukinaga, 1598 AD, letter to his father, quoted in

3246:

Folk Archery Federation of the People's Republic of China

3084:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 136. 2772:. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. p. 186. 2414:. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press. p. 1. 2045:

Slimak, L.; Zanolli, C.; Higham, T.; et al. (2022).

3977:

Duvernay, Thomas A. & Duvernay, Nicholas Y. (2007).

1478:, came out of hiding in California in 1911. His doctor, 52:(approx. 70,000 years ago). It is documented as part of 4445:– via Asian Traditional Archery Research Network. 2744:"The Excavation of the Neolithic Settlement, Carn Brea" 223:

Other early indications of archery in Europe come from

183:

from 5,000 BP or earlier depicts people carrying bows.

2613:

Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, Volume 1

1988:

Metz, Laure; Lewis, Jason E.; Slimak, Ludovic (2023).

4085: 4083: 1214:(a Tudor English author expects eight shots from the 1056:

In Asia archery was one of the Six Noble Arts of the

437:

and short spears, detail from the archers' frieze in

257:

The oldest definite bows known so far come from the

7185: 7139: 7056: 6949: 6911: 6680: 6493: 6320: 6167: 6032: 5996: 5845: 5802: 5592: 5423: 5396: 5321: 5238: 5143: 5068: 3817:

History of Black Africa: From Yesterday to Tomorrow

3309:Selby, Stephen (Winter 2010). "The Bows of China". 4339:Adventurous Bowmen: field notes on African archery 3996:Gunn, Steven; Gromelski, Tomasz (6 October 2012). 3908: 3906: 3429:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 3425:Trebuchet Energy Efficiency – Experimental Results 3344:"Crossbow : Definition, History, & Facts" 3110:at the point of its confluence with Landai. (See: 2984:. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers. p. 271. 2532:"Adoption of the Bow in Prehistoric North America" 4161:First published in the USA by Alfred Knopf, 1974. 4135:First published in the USA by Alfred Knopf, 1974. 3484:"Mongolian Archery: from the Stone Age to Naadam" 2410:; French, Mary & O'Brien, Michael J. (2007). 4763:A Chapter in the Evolution of Archery in America 4524:Archery and Crossbow Guilds in Medieval Flanders 3771:on 2 November 2012 – via Tuba-Archery.com. 1144:were dominated by archers. Three archers to one 209:shouldered Khiam-points may well be arrowheads. 201:, (ca. 12,800–10,300 BP) onwards. The 48:, was probably developed in Africa by the later 3532:Grayson, Charles E. & French, Mary (2004). 3236: 3234: 3094:The Ashvayanas living on river Guraeus (modern 2632:"The oldest Neolithic Bow discovered in Europe" 2293:"Digital photograph (colour) from Tin-Tazarift" 1613:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. 1540:, an American bow hunter and bow manufacturer. 1399:. The societies were also elitist, and the new 1191: 1120:A book on the excellence of the bow & arrow 847:'s armies in Gaul included Cretan archers, and 4360:. Tahlequah, Oklahoma: White Bear Publishing. 3460: 3458: 3456: 3326:"Archery and Social Class in Medieval England" 1832:"The Howieson's Poort industry of Sibudu Cave" 6839: 4972: 4953:Online Archery Books with historical content. 4795:International Journal of the History of Sport 3538:University of Missouri Museum of Anthropology 3183:. Translated by W. A. Macdevitt. London, UK: 2388:. Vol. 264, no. 6. pp. 76–83. 1747: 1745: 1103:(1292AD-1350AD) comes from the 14th century. 551:or land of the bow by the Ancient Egyptians. 149:Likely arrowheads were reported in 2020 from 8: 4437:"Archery: the Real Game is Played Elsewhere" 3813:Histoire de l'Afrique noire: d'hier à demain 2830:. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. p. 43. 1115:, was written by Hussain bin Abd al-Rahman. 662:, and from there it diffused throughout the 487:, came to refer to martial arts in general. 3667:A book about students' knowledge of archery 2856: 2854: 909:philosopher) was an avid archer. In China, 7290: 6846: 6832: 6824: 6164: 6147: 5799: 5786: 5244: 5065: 5052: 4979: 4965: 4957: 4422:Asian Traditional Archery Research Network 4382:"2009 Chinese Traditional Archery Seminar" 4149:. London, UK: Vintage Books. p. 553. 4123:. London, UK: Vintage Books. p. 125. 3687:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2357:: Office et musée cantonal d'archéologie. 1754:Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 106:. Firearms eventually diffused throughout 4195: 4193: 3266:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. 2731:. Cornwall Archaeological Society: 54–62. 2213: 2135: 2078: 2021: 1964: 1954: 1160:Panels depicting Archery in England from 1109:A 14th-century treatise on Arab archery, 1007:. The core of the Byzantine army was the 72:(though in hunting they are still used). 4270:The Traditional Bowyer's Bible, Volume 4 3793:. Translated by H. Walrond. London, UK: 2345:Chauviere, François-Xavier, ed. (2009). 287:(4 ft) and made of European hazel ( 4924:The Traditional Bowyers Bible, Volume 4 4906:The Traditional Bowyers Bible, Volume 3 4888:The Traditional Bowyers Bible, Volume 2 4870:The Traditional Bowyers Bible, Volume 1 4435:Dorji, Kunga T. & Phuntsho, Tashi. 3663:كتاب عنية الطلاب في معرفة الرمي بالنشاب 3466:"Military Technology: The horse archer" 2754:. Cornwall Archaeological Society: 5–8. 1599: 91:cemented the longbow in military lore. 7232:World University Archery Championships 3680: 1607:Whitman, Theodore R. (3 August 2017). 1260:James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose 1258:in Scotland on 1 September 1644, when 3257: 3255: 543:to an elite paramilitary unit by the 441:. Siliceous glazed bricks, c. 510 BC. 373:, interpreted as display versions of 7: 4507:"American Indian Archery Technology" 1844:South African Archaeological Society 1632: 1630: 1112:Kitāb fī maʿrifat ʿilm ramy al-sihām 901:himself was an archery teacher; and 4268:Allely, Steve; et al. (2008). 3736:(Ph.D.). University of Manchester. 3313:(2). Hong Kong: Three-In-One Press. 2586:. London, UK: Thames & Hudson. 2380:"Early bow design and construction" 1304:An exception to this trend was the 535:extraction commonly referred to as 347:indigenous peoples of North America 4462:National Field Archery Association 4147:Comanches, the history of a people 4121:Comanches, the history of a people 4092:"Archery in the English Civil War" 3599:] (in French). Paris: Édifra. 3383:"People of the Hundred Years' War" 3311:Journal of Chinese Martial Studies 25: 6103:Megalithic architectural elements 4526:. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer. 3423:Rhoten, Ronald (9 January 2006). 3296:Science and Civilisation in China 2891:Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 2637:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 1904:Journal of Archaeological Science 1797:Journal of Archaeological Science 1099:by Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr, called 763:, a military treaties written by 7289: 7280: 7279: 4699:Journal of Neolithic Archaeology 4689:10.1111/j.1468-229X.2004.00297.x 4326:. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 4218:10.1111/j.1468-229X.2004.00297.x 3490:. 14 August 2020. Archived from 3187:. Book VII, p. XXXI – via 2903:10.1111/j.1600-0471.2007.00281.x 2481:10.1111/j.0065-001X.2004.00014.x 1369:Fashionable female archers, 1799 1308:culture of North America, where 1210:Early firearms were inferior in 836:During the invasion of India by 6722:Evolutionary origin of religion 4779:. University of Oklahoma Press. 3847:The Samurai: A Military History 3621:"Asi l Hadath – Fortified Cave" 3118:History of The Punjab, Volume I 1131:Le Fachon de tirer l'arc a main 608:relied heavily on the bow. The 4324:Hunting with the Bow and Arrow 4299:University of California Press 4239:"The Royal Company of Archers" 2689:Shadowland: Wales 3000-1500 BC 2640:. 29 June 2012. Archived from 1433:Grand National Archery Society 1273:after the Trail of Tears. The 1250:; in October 1642, during the 915:battles against nomad invaders 377:, form a defining part of the 126:Paleolithic and Epipaleolithic 1: 6335:Art of the Middle Paleolithic 5865:British megalith architecture 4826:. Hong Kong University Press. 4200:Johnes, Martin (April 2004). 4090:Fox, E.T. (15 October 2015). 4016:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61702-4 3364:"The Bow in Medieval Warfare" 3054:The Cambridge Ancient History 2159:Bower, Bruce (12 June 2020). 1125:An anonymous book written in 1014:Turkish tribes, of which the 953:Around the tenth century the 715:The paleolithic paintings of 417:became a defining feature of 303:, which was fastened on with 6330:Art of the Upper Paleolithic 5870:Nordic megalith architecture 4648:Jackson, Antoinette (2016). 4418:"Magyar Traditional Archery" 4356:Herrin, Al (November 1989). 3943:As attributed to Bernier by 3887:(1st ed.). London, UK: 3797:– via Archery Library. 3154:Singh Dardi, Kirpal (2005). 3146:Singh Dardi, Kirpal (1979). 2770:The Culture of Ancient Egypt 2539:North American Archaeologist 2332:10.1016/j.anthro.2006.06.008 1774:10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102477 1568:, Japanese horseback archery 1244:Honourable Artillery Company 494:Ta-Seti (uppermost) at the " 137:Small stone points from the 4726:Medieval Academy of America 4400:"2010传统射艺研讨会在杭州举行-杭网原创-杭州网" 4096:Fox Historical Publications 3242:"Six Arts of Ancient China" 2551:10.2190/HN64-P1UD-NM0A-J0LR 1534:Traditional Bowyer's Bibles 1360:George, the Prince of Wales 695:bowmen on gold plaque from 343:Arctic small tool tradition 246:). The arrows were made of 7332: 6893:Modern competitive archery 6478:British Isles and Brittany 6399:Gwion Gwion rock paintings 4406:(in Chinese). 30 May 2010. 4293:Kroeber, Theodora (2004). 3979:Korean Traditional Archery 3954:Cambridge University Press 3897:Corpus of Electronic Texts 3819:] (in French). Paris: 3669:] (in Arabic). Cairo. 3534:"Korean Archery Equipment" 3098:), which are the Gauri of 3050:The High Empire, AD 70–192 2982:Education in Ancient India 2618:Government Printing Office 1222:reports that well-trained 1024:Battle of Dorylaeum (1097) 878: 654:was first produced in the 642:, dated to 100 BC-150 AD. 439:Palace of Darius I in Susa 33:Longbowmen archers of the 7275: 6861: 6163: 6146: 5798: 5785: 5247: 5064: 5051: 4994: 4926:. The Lyons Press. 2008. 4908:. The Lyons Press. 1994. 4890:. The Lyons Press. 1992. 4872:. The Lyons Press. 1992. 4807:10.1080/09523360903556824 4775:Laubin, Reginald (1980). 4614:10.1017/S0003598X00049425 4145:Fehrenbach, T.R. (2007). 3983:Handong Global University 3895:. p. 27 – via 3732:Jallon, Adnan D. (1980). 3380:name="RoyalArmouries"> 3156:Kambojas Through the Ages 2980:Scharfe, Hartmut (2002). 2584:The First North Americans 2322:(in French and English). 1924:10.1016/j.jas.2011.04.001 1881:10.1017/S0003598X00100134 1817:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006 1474:tribe, a native known as 318:The oldest depictions of 64:(where it figures in the 6898:World Archery Federation 4583:10.1177/0968344513518333 4554:10.1177/0968344513517664 3211:Adrian Keith Goldsworthy 2507:Social Life of Early Man 631:used to great effect in 407:Seima-Turbino Phenomenon 349:from about 500 AD. 6710:Evolutionary musicology 6113:Oldest extant buildings 6040:Archaeological features 5559:Prepared-core technique 4860:Wadge, Richard (2012). 4822:Selby, Stephen (2000). 4777:American Indian Archery 4768:Smithsonian Institution 4522:Crombie, Laura (2016). 4048:Williams, Alan (2003). 3981:. Pohang, South Korea: 3845:Turnbull, S.R. (1977). 3787:Gallice, Henri (1903). 3719:10.1163/157005872X00203 3519:History of Fighting.com 3330:History of Fighting.com 3262:Selby, Stephen (2000). 3082:The Iliad: A Commentary 3048:, eds. (October 2000). 1488:Boone and Crockett Club 1328:2007–2008 Kenyan crisis 994:In the Middle East the 984:Unlawful Games Act 1541 783:, introduced by Mongol 717:Bhimbetka rock shelters 6973:Austroasiatic crossbow 6903:World Archery Rankings 6672:Unchambered long cairn 6520:Mound Builders culture 5853:Neolithic architecture 4988:Prehistoric technology 4475:Bertalan, Dan (2007). 3884:The History of Ireland 3849:. London, UK: Osprey. 3659:Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya 3207:Greece and Rome at War 2952:Drews, Robert (1993). 2687:Burrow, Steve (2011). 2206:10.1126/sciadv.aba3831 2128:10.1126/sciadv.add4675 2071:10.1126/sciadv.abj9496 2014:10.1126/sciadv.add4675 1642:www.worldarchery.sport 1610:The History of Archery 1452: 1370: 1343: 1201: 1181: 1169: 1101:Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya 1068: 1005:Strategikon of Maurice 876: 826: 800: 774:During the era of the 704: 597: 564: 503: 442: 409:and the spread of the 315: 38: 6347:List of Stone Age art 5549:Microblade technology 5497:Langdale axe industry 5095:Ard / plough 4337:Pope, Saxton (1926). 4322:Pope, Saxton (1925). 3569:Encyclopaedia Iranica 3413:name="RoyalArmouries" 3180:Caesar's Commentaries 3124:: Publication Bureau 3112:Singh, Fauja (1997). 3014:Philosophies of India 2742:Mercer, R.J. (1972). 2608:Hodge, Frederick Webb 1499:traditional equipment 1450: 1368: 1341: 1175: 1159: 1066: 874:Warring States period 871: 806: 798: 791:Greco-Roman antiquity 691: 586: 562: 493: 432: 313: 32: 7237:Military World Games 6888:History of crossbows 6754:Prehistoric medicine 6749:Prehistoric counting 6732:Prehistoric religion 6727:Paleolithic religion 6705:Behavioral modernity 6062:Causewayed enclosure 5954:Abri de la Madeleine 5078:Neolithic Revolution 4864:. The History Press. 4788:. The History Press. 4766:. Washington, D.C.: 4707:10.12766/jna.2019.10 4641:10.1093/pastj/gtq029 3562:(15 December 1988). 3395:on 29 September 2022 3352:. 18 September 2023. 3148:These Kamboja People 2666:. pp. 139–142. 2530:Blitz, John (1988). 1956:10.15184/aqy.2018.11 1830:Wadley, Lyn (2008). 1435:meeting was held in 1334:Recreational revival 1256:Battle of Tippermuir 1198:Asano Yukinaga, 1598 1022:, especially at the 640:United Arab Emirates 7205:World Championships 6793:Prehistoric warfare 5539:Magdalenian culture 5502:Levallois technique 5433:Earliest toolmaking 4784:Roth, Erik (2011). 4483:Skyhorse Publishing 4343:G. P. Putnam's Sons 4272:. The Lyons Press. 4249:on 25 November 2012 4172:"Amazonian archers" 4010:(9849): 1222–1223. 3893:Irish Texts Society 3879:Dinneen, Patrick S. 3823:. pp. 37–133. 3515:"Mongolian Archery" 3513:Griffiths, Andrew. 3324:Griffiths, Andrew. 3171:Gaius Julius Caesar 2748:Cornish Archaeology 2725:Cornish Archaeology 2436:Otterbein, Keith F. 2408:Grayson, Charles E. 2385:Scientific American 2263:10.1038/nature16477 2255:2016Natur.529..394L 2198:2020SciA....6.3831L 2120:2023SciA....9D4675M 2063:2022SciA....8J9496S 2006:2023SciA....9D4675M 1916:2011JArSc..38.1918L 1809:2008JArSc..35.1566B 1766:2020JArSR..33j2477L 1484:Pope and Young Club 1465:1900 Paris Olympics 1285:and 1904 in China. 1237:Battle of Cerignola 976:Battle of Agincourt 852:the highly skilled 838:Alexander the Great 293:), wayfaring tree ( 104:early modern period 89:Battle of Agincourt 7316:History of archery 6744:Origin of language 6737:Spiritual drug use 6647:Rectangular dolmen 6549:Dartmoor kistvaens 6362:Carved stone balls 6074:Circular enclosure 6033:Other architecture 5976:Alp pile dwellings 5564:Solutrean industry 5475:Gravettian culture 5125:Secondary products 4632:Past & Present 4517:on 1 October 2013. 4388:. 2 November 2009. 3775:Garrett collection 3627:. 6 December 1989. 3437:10.2514/6.2006-775 3185:Everyman's Library 3126:Punjabi University 2794:Traunecker, Claude 2660:Bronze Age Warfare 2616:. Washington, DC: 2468:Acta Archaeologica 2297:The British Museum 1728:www.britannica.com 1694:www.britannica.com 1668:www.britannica.com 1644:. 3 September 2020 1562:, Japanese archery 1453: 1371: 1348:Kilwinning Papingo 1344: 1275:Tokugawa shogunate 1228:Battle of Samugarh 1182: 1178:Batavische Arcadia 1170: 1152:Decline of archery 1069: 941:Battle of Hastings 877: 872:Winged arrowhead, 827: 801: 705: 598: 565: 504: 443: 371:Stone wrist-guards 316: 70:repeating firearms 39: 7303: 7302: 6929:Ballista elephant 6821: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6813: 6812: 6766:Prehistoric music 6715:music archaeology 6372:Cup and ring mark 6197:Clothing/textiles 6142: 6141: 6138: 6137: 5781: 5780: 5777: 5776: 5584:Yubetsu technique 5569:Striking platform 5534:Lithic technology 5419: 5418: 5404:Game drive system 5323:Projectile points 5215:Mortar and pestle 4949:"Archery Library" 4933:978-0-9645741-6-8 4758:Klopsteg, Paul E. 4492:978-1-60239-046-1 4481:. New York City: 4367:978-0-96236-013-8 4308:978-0-520-24037-7 4279:978-0-9645741-6-8 4156:978-0-09-952055-9 4130:978-0-09-952055-9 4059:978-9-00412-498-1 3963:978-0-52152-305-9 3946:Kolff, Dirk H. A. 3871:Keating, Geoffrey 3830:978-2-21804-176-1 3606:978-2-90407-072-3 3564:"Bahrām VI Čōbīn" 3544:on 24 June 2016. 3488:Bow International 3446:978-1-62410-039-0 3224:978-1-85367-303-0 3189:Project Gutenberg 3063:978-0-52126-335-1 3046:Rathbone, Dominic 3023:978-0-69101-758-7 2991:978-9-00412-556-8 2963:978-0-69104-811-6 2938:978-0-04445-030-6 2875:978-0-69104-811-6 2837:978-0-7914-6364-2 2824:(February 2012). 2807:978-0-80143-834-9 2798:The Gods of Egypt 2779:978-0-22690-152-7 2702:978-1-84217-459-3 2691:. Havertown, PA: 2673:978-0-75245-697-3 2664:The History Press 2593:978-0-500-02120-0 2516:978-0-41533-041-1 2421:978-0-8262-1751-6 2364:978-2-940347-41-4 2249:(7586): 394–398. 1620:978-1-9742-6255-7 1518:Kingdom of Bhutan 1279:Satsuma Rebellion 1252:English Civil War 919:Battle of Ma-Ling 856:belonging to the 785:gunpowder empires 703:, 4th century BC. 676:Sintashta culture 411:Andronovo culture 332:Ares del Maestrat 229:Ahrensburg valley 188:Upper Paleolithic 146:to leave Africa. 112:Gunpowder empires 98:in Europe in the 85:mounted on horses 16:(Redirected from 7323: 7293: 7292: 7283: 7282: 7091:Cresting machine 6978:Cable-backed bow 6919:Archer's paradox 6848: 6841: 6834: 6825: 6781:Divje Babe flute 6688:Archaeoastronomy 6431:Petrosomatoglyph 6165: 6148: 5997:Water management 5800: 5787: 5690:Denticulate tool 5512:Lithic reduction 5245: 5066: 5053: 4981: 4974: 4967: 4958: 4952: 4937: 4919: 4901: 4883: 4865: 4856: 4845:10.2307/25528380 4833:Classics Ireland 4827: 4818: 4789: 4780: 4771: 4753: 4710: 4692: 4683:(294): 193–208. 4669: 4644: 4625: 4608:(337): 728–745. 4594: 4565: 4527: 4518: 4513:. Archived from 4497: 4496: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4453: 4447: 4446: 4432: 4426: 4425: 4414: 4408: 4407: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4319: 4313: 4312: 4290: 4284: 4283: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4245:. Archived from 4235: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4212:(294): 193–208. 4197: 4188: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4168: 4162: 4160: 4142: 4136: 4134: 4117:Fehrenbach, T.R. 4113: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4087: 4078: 4077: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4045: 4039: 4038: 3993: 3987: 3986: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3941: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3910: 3901: 3900: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3809:Ki-Zerbo, Joseph 3805: 3799: 3798: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3770: 3763: 3752: 3746: 3745: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3686: 3678: 3655: 3649: 3648: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3617: 3611: 3610: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3560:Shahbazi, A. Sh. 3556: 3550: 3549: 3540:. 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925:Medieval history 825:; 4th century BC 813:arrow with a bow 719:depict archery. 656:Eurasian Steppes 646:Eurasian Steppes 604:warriors of the 513:ancient Egyptian 328:Morella la Vella 324:Iberian cave art 296:Viburnum lantana 290:Corylus avellana 286: 272: 242: 218:Grotte du Bichon 216:points found in 199:Natufian culture 179:rock art of the 100:Late Middle Ages 62:classical period 50:Middle Stone Age 44:, or the use of 21: 7331: 7330: 7326: 7325: 7324: 7322: 7321: 7320: 7306: 7305: 7304: 7299: 7271: 7181: 7135: 7052: 6998:English longbow 6958: 6945: 6924:Mounted archery 6907: 6857: 6852: 6822: 6809: 6676: 6662:Stone box grave 6632:Megalithic tomb 6537:Cotswold-Severn 6489: 6394:Guardian stones 6322:Prehistoric art 6316: 6159: 6134: 6123:Timber trackway 6028: 5992: 5988:Wattle and daub 5841: 5820:Standing stones 5794: 5773: 5588: 5415: 5392: 5317: 5234: 5144:Food processing 5139: 5088:New World crops 5060: 5047: 4990: 4985: 4947: 4944: 4934: 4922: 4916: 4904: 4898: 4886: 4880: 4868: 4859: 4830: 4824:Chinese Archery 4821: 4792: 4783: 4774: 4756: 4734:10.2307/2850132 4713: 4701:(21): 283–314. 4695: 4672: 4647: 4628: 4597: 4568: 4537: 4534: 4532:Further reading 4521: 4504: 4501: 4500: 4493: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4455: 4454: 4450: 4434: 4433: 4429: 4416: 4415: 4411: 4398: 4397: 4393: 4380: 4379: 4375: 4368: 4355: 4354: 4350: 4336: 4335: 4331: 4321: 4320: 4316: 4309: 4292: 4291: 4287: 4280: 4267: 4266: 4262: 4252: 4250: 4237: 4236: 4232: 4222: 4220: 4199: 4198: 4191: 4181: 4179: 4170: 4169: 4165: 4157: 4144: 4143: 4139: 4131: 4115: 4114: 4110: 4100: 4098: 4089: 4088: 4081: 4072: 4071: 4067: 4060: 4047: 4046: 4042: 3995: 3994: 3990: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3964: 3944: 3942: 3938: 3928: 3926: 3912: 3911: 3904: 3869: 3868: 3864: 3857: 3844: 3842: 3838: 3831: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3768: 3761: 3754: 3753: 3749: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3701: 3700: 3696: 3679: 3657: 3656: 3652: 3637: 3636: 3632: 3619: 3618: 3614: 3607: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3575: 3573: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3531: 3530: 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2534: 2529: 2528: 2524: 2517: 2493: 2492: 2488: 2464: 2463: 2459: 2452: 2434: 2433: 2429: 2422: 2406: 2405: 2401: 2377: 2376: 2372: 2365: 2344: 2343: 2339: 2320:L'Anthropologie 2316: 2315: 2311: 2301: 2299: 2291: 2290: 2286: 2236: 2235: 2231: 2177: 2176: 2172: 2158: 2157: 2153: 2114:(8): eadd4675. 2101: 2100: 2096: 2057:(6): eabj9496. 2044: 2043: 2039: 2000:(8): eadd4675. 1987: 1986: 1982: 1936: 1935: 1931: 1901: 1900: 1896: 1864: 1863: 1859: 1829: 1828: 1824: 1794: 1793: 1789: 1751: 1750: 1743: 1733: 1731: 1722: 1721: 1717: 1712: 1708: 1698: 1696: 1688: 1687: 1683: 1673: 1671: 1662: 1661: 1657: 1647: 1645: 1636: 1635: 1628: 1621: 1606: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1583:Chinese archery 1578:Turkish archery 1546: 1429: 1417:'s 1819 novel, 1411:Napoleonic Wars 1336: 1310:mounted archery 1295:Crimean Khanate 1269:cause, and the 1224:mounted archers 1216:English longbow 1200: 1197: 1154: 1032: 992: 990:The Middle East 980:English longbow 972:Battle of Crecy 932: 927: 895: 881:Chinese archery 879:Main articles: 866: 854:mounted archers 793: 710: 668:chariot burials 648: 557: 509: 427: 425:Ancient history 415:mounted archery 400: 355: 284: 270: 263:Holmegaard bows 240: 181:Tassili plateau 175:In the Sahara, 160:At the site of 128: 123: 23: 22: 18:Archery contest 15: 12: 11: 5: 7329: 7327: 7319: 7318: 7308: 7307: 7301: 7300: 7298: 7297: 7287: 7276: 7273: 7272: 7270: 7269: 7264: 7263: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7213: 7212: 7202: 7201: 7200: 7189: 7187: 7183: 7182: 7180: 7179: 7177:Target archery 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7143: 7141: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7072: 7071: 7060: 7058: 7054: 7053: 7051: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7013:Holmegaard bow 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6964: 6962: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6943: 6938: 6937: 6936: 6931: 6921: 6915: 6913: 6909: 6908: 6906: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6884: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6862: 6859: 6858: 6853: 6851: 6850: 6843: 6836: 6828: 6819: 6818: 6815: 6814: 6811: 6810: 6808: 6807: 6806: 6805: 6795: 6790: 6789: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6771:Alligator drum 6763: 6762: 6761: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6740: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6719: 6718: 6717: 6707: 6702: 6701: 6700: 6698:lunar calendar 6695: 6684: 6682: 6681:Other cultural 6678: 6677: 6675: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6628: 6627: 6622: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6601: 6600: 6595: 6585: 6580: 6579: 6578: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6552: 6551: 6541: 6540: 6539: 6529: 6528: 6527: 6517: 6516: 6515: 6510: 6499: 6497: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6487: 6485:Venus figurine 6482: 6481: 6480: 6475: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6454: 6453: 6448: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6416:Megalithic art 6413: 6412: 6411: 6406: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6385: 6384: 6374: 6369: 6367:Cave paintings 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6343: 6342: 6332: 6326: 6324: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6314: 6313: 6312: 6307: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6286: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6250: 6245: 6244: 6243: 6233: 6232: 6231: 6226: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6205: 6204: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6173: 6171: 6169:Material goods 6161: 6160: 6151: 6144: 6143: 6140: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6132: 6131: 6130: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6099: 6098: 6088: 6083: 6082: 6081: 6071: 6070: 6069: 6059: 6058: 6057: 6047: 6042: 6036: 6034: 6030: 6029: 6027: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6000: 5998: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5979: 5978: 5968: 5963: 5962: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5925: 5924: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5903: 5902: 5892: 5887: 5885:Cliff dwelling 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5861: 5860: 5849: 5847: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5839: 5838: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5817: 5812: 5806: 5804: 5796: 5795: 5790: 5783: 5782: 5779: 5778: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5771: 5770: 5769: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5743: 5742: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5681: 5680: 5670: 5669: 5668: 5663: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5637: 5636: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5615: 5614: 5604: 5598: 5596: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5530: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5493: 5492: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5470:Fire hardening 5467: 5462: 5460:Clovis culture 5457: 5452: 5451: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5429: 5427: 5421: 5420: 5417: 5416: 5414: 5413: 5412: 5411: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5393: 5391: 5390: 5385: 5383:Manis Mastodon 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5339: 5338: 5327: 5325: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5315: 5314: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5283: 5278: 5277: 5276: 5266: 5265: 5264: 5262:throwing stick 5254: 5248: 5242: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5201: 5200: 5195: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5169: 5168: 5158: 5153: 5147: 5145: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5091: 5090: 5085: 5074: 5072: 5062: 5061: 5056: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5045: 5040: 5039: 5038: 5028: 5027: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 4995: 4992: 4991: 4986: 4984: 4983: 4976: 4969: 4961: 4955: 4954: 4943: 4942:External links 4940: 4939: 4938: 4932: 4920: 4914: 4902: 4896: 4884: 4878: 4866: 4857: 4828: 4819: 4801:(3): 523–536. 4790: 4781: 4772: 4754: 4711: 4693: 4670: 4660:(3): 265–301. 4645: 4635:(209): 53–81. 4626: 4595: 4571:War in History 4566: 4548:(4): 423–444. 4541:War in History 4533: 4530: 4529: 4528: 4519: 4505:Weitzel, Tim. 4499: 4498: 4491: 4485:. p. 73. 4467: 4448: 4427: 4409: 4391: 4373: 4366: 4348: 4329: 4314: 4307: 4285: 4278: 4260: 4243:MartinFrost.ws 4230: 4189: 4163: 4155: 4137: 4129: 4108: 4079: 4065: 4058: 4040: 3988: 3969: 3962: 3936: 3902: 3862: 3855: 3836: 3829: 3800: 3779: 3747: 3724: 3694: 3650: 3630: 3612: 3605: 3583: 3551: 3524: 3505: 3475: 3470:Britannica.com 3452: 3445: 3415: 3406: 3373: 3355: 3349:Britannica.com 3335: 3316: 3301: 3290:, ed. (1986). 3279: 3272: 3251: 3230: 3223: 3194: 3162: 3158:. p. 131. 3150:. p. 122. 3134: 3096:river Panjkora 3087: 3078:Kirk, Geoffrey 3069: 3062: 3042:Garnsey, Peter 3029: 3022: 2997: 2990: 2972: 2962: 2944: 2937: 2927:. London, UK: 2921:Morphy, Howard 2912: 2897:(2): 239–250. 2881: 2874: 2850: 2836: 2813: 2806: 2785: 2778: 2757: 2734: 2708: 2701: 2679: 2672: 2647: 2623: 2620:. p. 484. 2599: 2592: 2571: 2545:(2): 123–145. 2522: 2515: 2503:Washburn, S.L. 2486: 2475:(2): 129–156. 2457: 2450: 2427: 2420: 2399: 2370: 2363: 2337: 2326:(3): 371–382. 2309: 2284: 2229: 2170: 2151: 2094: 2037: 1980: 1929: 1894: 1857: 1836:Goodwin Series 1822: 1787: 1741: 1715: 1706: 1681: 1655: 1626: 1619: 1598: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1569: 1563: 1557: 1552: 1545: 1542: 1495:Emperor Gojong 1442:Horace A. Ford 1428: 1427:A modern sport 1425: 1388:laurel wreaths 1376:21 gun salutes 1335: 1332: 1290:Ottoman Empire 1195: 1184:The advent of 1164:'s 1801 book, 1153: 1150: 1095:A treatise on 1031: 1028: 991: 988: 931: 928: 926: 923: 865: 862: 829:The people of 792: 789: 709: 706: 680:Indo-Europeans 674:, part of the 647: 644: 556: 553: 541:Middle Kingdom 508: 505: 451:, notably the 426: 423: 419:Eurasian nomad 399: 396: 389:settlement at 379:Beaker culture 354: 351: 166:Turkana County 139:Grotte Mandrin 127: 124: 122: 119: 46:bow and arrows 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7328: 7317: 7314: 7313: 7311: 7296: 7288: 7286: 7278: 7277: 7274: 7268: 7265: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7211: 7208: 7207: 7206: 7203: 7199: 7196: 7195: 7194: 7191: 7190: 7188: 7184: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7167:Field archery 7165: 7163: 7162:Clout archery 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7138: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7106:Flu-flu arrow 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7070: 7067: 7066: 7065: 7062: 7061: 7059: 7055: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7018:Laminated bow 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6983:Composite bow 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6965: 6963: 6961: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6942: 6939: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6926: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6916: 6914: 6910: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6867: 6864: 6863: 6860: 6856: 6849: 6844: 6842: 6837: 6835: 6830: 6829: 6826: 6804: 6801: 6800: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6768: 6767: 6764: 6760: 6757: 6756: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6724: 6723: 6720: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6690: 6689: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6679: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6657:Simple dolmen 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6642:Passage grave 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6590: 6589: 6588:Gallery grave 6586: 6584: 6581: 6577: 6574: 6573: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6550: 6547: 6546: 6545: 6542: 6538: 6535: 6534: 6533: 6530: 6526: 6523: 6522: 6521: 6518: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6505: 6504: 6503:Burial mounds 6501: 6500: 6498: 6496: 6492: 6486: 6483: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6463:Statue menhir 6461: 6459: 6456: 6452: 6451:Stone carving 6449: 6447: 6444: 6443: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6401: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6383: 6380: 6379: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6341: 6338: 6337: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6319: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6290:Sewing needle 6288: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6255: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6242: 6239: 6238: 6237: 6234: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6221: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6149: 6145: 6129: 6126: 6125: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6118:Timber circle 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6097: 6094: 6093: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6080: 6077: 6076: 6075: 6072: 6068: 6067:Tor enclosure 6065: 6064: 6063: 6060: 6056: 6055:fulacht fiadh 6053: 6052: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6031: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5977: 5974: 5973: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5946: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5923: 5920: 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5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5435: 5434: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5422: 5410: 5407: 5406: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5395: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5337: 5334: 5333: 5332: 5329: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5320: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5291:spear-thrower 5289: 5288: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5275: 5272: 5271: 5270: 5269:Bow and arrow 5267: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5249: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5237: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5178:Grinding slab 5176: 5174: 5171: 5167: 5164: 5163: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5148: 5146: 5142: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5110:Domestication 5108: 5106: 5105:Digging stick 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5083:Founder crops 5081: 5080: 5079: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5054: 5050: 5044: 5041: 5037: 5034: 5033: 5032: 5029: 5025: 5024:New Stone Age 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5001: 5000: 4997: 4996: 4993: 4989: 4982: 4977: 4975: 4970: 4968: 4963: 4962: 4959: 4950: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4935: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4915:1-58574-087-X 4911: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4897:1-58574-086-1 4893: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4879:1-58574-085-3 4875: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4829: 4825: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4791: 4787: 4782: 4778: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4764: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4718: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4677: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4633: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4602: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4542: 4536: 4535: 4531: 4525: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4503: 4502: 4494: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4479: 4471: 4468: 4463: 4459: 4452: 4449: 4444: 4443: 4438: 4431: 4428: 4423: 4419: 4413: 4410: 4405: 4401: 4395: 4392: 4387: 4383: 4377: 4374: 4369: 4363: 4359: 4352: 4349: 4344: 4340: 4333: 4330: 4325: 4318: 4315: 4310: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4289: 4286: 4281: 4275: 4271: 4264: 4261: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4231: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4196: 4194: 4190: 4178:. 30 May 2008 4177: 4173: 4167: 4164: 4158: 4152: 4148: 4141: 4138: 4132: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4112: 4109: 4097: 4093: 4086: 4084: 4080: 4075: 4069: 4066: 4061: 4055: 4051: 4044: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4004: 3999: 3992: 3989: 3984: 3980: 3973: 3970: 3965: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3940: 3937: 3925: 3921: 3920: 3915: 3914:Rich, Barnabe 3909: 3907: 3903: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3885: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3866: 3863: 3858: 3856:0-85045-097-7 3852: 3848: 3840: 3837: 3832: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3804: 3801: 3796: 3792: 3791: 3783: 3780: 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Preface by 3208: 3204: 3198: 3195: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3181: 3176: 3172: 3166: 3163: 3157: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3135:8-1738-0336-6 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3091: 3088: 3083: 3079: 3073: 3070: 3065: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3033: 3030: 3025: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3001: 2998: 2993: 2987: 2983: 2976: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2959: 2955: 2948: 2945: 2940: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2916: 2913: 2909: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2885: 2882: 2877: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2862:Drews, Robert 2857: 2855: 2851: 2839: 2833: 2829: 2828: 2823: 2817: 2814: 2809: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2789: 2786: 2781: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2761: 2758: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2738: 2735: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2712: 2709: 2704: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2683: 2680: 2675: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2654: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2638: 2633: 2627: 2624: 2619: 2615: 2614: 2609: 2603: 2600: 2595: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2575: 2572: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2533: 2526: 2523: 2518: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2495:Pericot, Luis 2490: 2487: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2469: 2461: 2458: 2453: 2451:1-58544-329-8 2447: 2443: 2442: 2441:How War Began 2437: 2431: 2428: 2423: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2403: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2386: 2381: 2374: 2371: 2366: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2341: 2338: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2313: 2310: 2298: 2294: 2288: 2285: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2233: 2230: 2225: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2186: 2181: 2174: 2171: 2166: 2162: 2155: 2152: 2147: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2098: 2095: 2090: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2041: 2038: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1984: 1981: 1976: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1933: 1930: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1898: 1895: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1869: 1861: 1858: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1826: 1823: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1791: 1788: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1748: 1746: 1742: 1729: 1725: 1719: 1716: 1710: 1707: 1695: 1691: 1685: 1682: 1670:. 1 July 2024 1669: 1665: 1659: 1656: 1643: 1639: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1622: 1616: 1612: 1611: 1603: 1600: 1593: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1510: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1449: 1445: 1443: 1438: 1434: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1421: 1416: 1412: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1385: 1382: 1377: 1367: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1340: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1324: 1318: 1316: 1311: 1307: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1194: 1190: 1187: 1179: 1174: 1167: 1163: 1162:Joseph Strutt 1158: 1151: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1123: 1121: 1116: 1114: 1113: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1087: 1083:'s catalogue 1082: 1078: 1077:Bahram Chobin 1074: 1065: 1061: 1059: 1054: 1052: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1029: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1020:First Crusade 1017: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1002: 997: 996:composite bow 989: 987: 985: 981: 977: 973: 968: 963: 961: 956: 951: 949: 946: 942: 938: 929: 924: 922: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 894: 890: 886: 882: 875: 870: 863: 861: 859: 855: 850: 849:Vercingetorix 846: 845:Julius Caesar 841: 839: 834: 832: 824: 822: 818: 817:Gnathia style 815:in her feet; 814: 810: 805: 797: 790: 788: 786: 782: 777: 772: 770: 766: 762: 758: 757:Maurya Empire 754: 750: 749:Mahajanapadas 745: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 723:hymns in the 722: 718: 713: 707: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 683: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 652:composite bow 645: 643: 641: 636: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 617:Old Testament 613: 611: 607: 603: 595: 594: 590: 585: 581: 578: 574: 570: 561: 554: 552: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 506: 501: 497: 492: 488: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 449:civilizations 447: 440: 436: 433:Archers with 431: 424: 422: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 397: 395: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 352: 350: 348: 344: 339: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 312: 308: 306: 302: 298: 297: 292: 291: 282: 278: 276: 268: 264: 260: 255: 253: 249: 245: 239:(11,000–9,000 238: 234: 230: 226: 221: 219: 215: 210: 208: 204: 200: 196: 191: 189: 184: 182: 178: 173: 171: 167: 163: 158: 156: 152: 147: 145: 144:modern humans 140: 135: 133: 125: 120: 118: 115: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 92: 90: 86: 82: 78: 73: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 36: 31: 27: 19: 7241:Continental 7186:Competitions 7043:Takedown bow 6988:Compound bow 6865: 6598:wedge-shaped 6583:Funeral pyre 6576:Great dolmen 6532:Chamber tomb 6513:Round barrow 6468:Stone circle 6340:Blombos Cave 6268:Grooved ware 6192:Chalcolithic 6096:Thornborough 6014:Flush toilet 5949:Blombos Cave 5944:Rock shelter 5900:Quiggly hole 5792:Architecture 5767:illustration 5409:Buffalo jump 5273: 5230:Storage pits 5193:Aşıklı Höyük 5183:Ground stone 5019:Subdivisions 4923: 4905: 4887: 4869: 4861: 4836: 4832: 4823: 4798: 4794: 4785: 4776: 4762: 4721: 4715: 4698: 4680: 4674: 4657: 4653: 4630: 4605: 4599: 4574: 4570: 4545: 4539: 4523: 4515:the original 4510: 4477: 4470: 4457: 4451: 4440: 4430: 4421: 4412: 4404:Hangzhou Net 4403: 4394: 4385: 4376: 4357: 4351: 4341:. New York: 4338: 4332: 4323: 4317: 4297:. Berkeley: 4294: 4288: 4269: 4263: 4251:. Retrieved 4247:the original 4242: 4233: 4221:. Retrieved 4209: 4205: 4180:. Retrieved 4175: 4166: 4146: 4140: 4120: 4111: 4099:. Retrieved 4095: 4068: 4049: 4043: 4035: 4007: 4001: 3991: 3978: 3972: 3949: 3939: 3927:. Retrieved 3918: 3883: 3875:Comyn, David 3865: 3846: 3839: 3816: 3812: 3803: 3789: 3782: 3766:the original 3757: 3750: 3733: 3727: 3713:(1): 98–99. 3710: 3704: 3697: 3666: 3662: 3653: 3642: 3633: 3624: 3615: 3596: 3592: 3586: 3574:. Retrieved 3567: 3554: 3545: 3542:the original 3537: 3527: 3518: 3508: 3496:. Retrieved 3492:the original 3487: 3478: 3469: 3424: 3418: 3409: 3397:. Retrieved 3393:the original 3386: 3376: 3367: 3358: 3347: 3338: 3329: 3319: 3310: 3304: 3291: 3282: 3263: 3245: 3206: 3197: 3179: 3175:Rhys, Ernest 3165: 3155: 3147: 3117: 3114:Joshi, L. M. 3090: 3081: 3072: 3049: 3032: 3013: 3000: 2981: 2975: 2967: 2953: 2947: 2924: 2915: 2906: 2894: 2890: 2884: 2865: 2841:. Retrieved 2826: 2822:Poo, Mu-chou 2816: 2797: 2788: 2769: 2760: 2751: 2747: 2737: 2728: 2724: 2717:Mercer, R.J. 2711: 2688: 2682: 2659: 2642:the original 2635: 2626: 2612: 2602: 2583: 2574: 2563:the original 2542: 2538: 2525: 2506: 2489: 2472: 2466: 2460: 2440: 2430: 2411: 2402: 2383: 2373: 2350: 2346: 2340: 2323: 2319: 2312: 2300:. Retrieved 2296: 2287: 2246: 2242: 2232: 2189: 2183: 2173: 2165:Science News 2164: 2154: 2111: 2107: 2097: 2054: 2050: 2040: 1997: 1993: 1983: 1946: 1942: 1932: 1907: 1903: 1897: 1872: 1866: 1860: 1839: 1835: 1825: 1800: 1796: 1790: 1757: 1753: 1732:. Retrieved 1727: 1718: 1709: 1697:. Retrieved 1693: 1684: 1672:. Retrieved 1667: 1658: 1646:. Retrieved 1641: 1609: 1602: 1533: 1530:compound bow 1522: 1511: 1507: 1501:. Among the 1492: 1469: 1454: 1430: 1418: 1415:Walter Scott 1408: 1401:middle class 1372: 1356:Ashton Lever 1345: 1319: 1303: 1287: 1264: 1241: 1212:rate of fire 1209: 1203:In Ireland, 1202: 1192: 1183: 1177: 1165: 1135: 1130: 1124: 1119: 1118:A treatise, 1117: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1097:Arab archery 1094: 1091: 1084: 1081:Ibn al-Nadim 1070: 1058:Zhou dynasty 1055: 1048: 1040:Genghis Khan 1033: 1016:Seljuk Turks 1013: 993: 964: 952: 933: 896: 842: 835: 828: 820: 811:shooting an 776:Gupta Empire 773: 761:Arthashastra 746: 736: 714: 711: 684: 672:Krivoye Lake 649: 637: 614: 599: 591: 587:The ancient 566: 510: 507:North Africa 496:White Chapel 444: 435:recurve bows 401: 356: 340: 317: 294: 288: 279: 265:are made of 256: 222: 211: 192: 185: 174: 159: 151:Fa Hien Cave 148: 136: 129: 116: 93: 74: 40: 26: 7227:Universiade 7222:Paralympics 7111:Release aid 7033:Recurve bow 6941:Run archery 6620:unchambered 6615:Long barrow 6605:Grave goods 6561:Court cairn 6556:Clava cairn 6508:Bowl barrow 6446:Rock cupule 6389:Golden hats 6382:Hill figure 6283:Unstan ware 6263:Cord-marked 6128:Sweet Track 6050:Burnt mound 5971:Stilt house 5959:Sibudu Cave 5752:Tally stick 5720:Quern-stone 5705:Hammerstone 5695:Fire plough 5666:Pesse canoe 5624:Bannerstone 5594:Other tools 5507:Lithic core 5455:Aurignacian 5343:Bare Island 5225:Quern-stone 4839:: 111–120. 4577:(1): 4–27. 4253:17 December 3576:30 December 3100:Mahabharata 2929:Unwin Hyman 2693:Oxbow Books 2302:11 November 1966:11336/81248 1846:: 122–132. 1480:Saxton Pope 1472:Yahi Indian 1404:bourgeoisie 1352:aristocracy 1323:Sentinelese 1233:musculature 948:King Harold 733:Atharvaveda 699:kurgan, in 658:during the 577:Mesopotamia 573:Babylonians 555:Mesopotamia 545:New Kingdom 322:, found in 285:120 cm 271:1.50 m 237:Paleolithic 132:Sibudu Cave 66:mythologies 35:Middle Ages 7152:Bowhunting 7147:Bowfishing 7140:Activities 7131:Thumb ring 7096:Finger tab 7028:Mongol bow 6759:trepanning 6652:Ring cairn 6610:Jar burial 6593:transepted 6525:U.S. sites 6426:Petroglyph 6352:Bird stone 6310:wine press 5983:Stone roof 5966:Roundhouse 5858:long house 5835:Stonehenge 5803:Ceremonial 5747:Stone tool 5574:Tool stone 5544:Metallurgy 5448:Mousterian 5425:Toolmaking 5363:Cumberland 5336:Transverse 5306:Schöningen 5198:Qesem cave 5166:Earth oven 5120:Irrigation 5031:Technology 4999:Prehistory 4728:: 96–108. 4003:The Lancet 3922:. London: 3891:, for the 3889:David Nutt 3795:Horace Cox 3213:. London: 2662:. Stroud: 1760:: 102477. 1594:References 1409:After the 1393:Robin Hood 1384:tournament 1248:Bridgnorth 1044:Mongol bow 1038:armies of 1009:Cataphract 737:Dhanurveda 660:Bronze Age 627:describes 610:Nuzi texts 485:dhanurveda 398:Bronze Age 383:Bronze Age 281:Mesolithic 275:Bronze Age 259:Holmegaard 177:Mesolithic 121:Prehistory 7217:World Cup 7101:Fletching 7081:Bowstring 7076:Arrowhead 7057:Equipment 7048:Welsh bow 6960:Bow shape 6803:symbolism 6667:Tor cairn 6625:Grønsalen 6566:Cremation 6458:Sculpture 6436:Pictogram 6421:Petroform 6241:amber use 6209:Cosmetics 6019:Reservoir 6004:Check dam 5934:Pueblitos 5929:Pit-house 5912:Longhouse 5846:Dwellings 5715:Microlith 5646:Bow drill 5641:Bone tool 5634:prismatic 5443:Acheulean 5358:Cresswell 5331:Arrowhead 5257:Boomerang 5173:Granaries 5135:Terracing 5014:Stone Age 4815:161376479 4750:161246352 4622:130099119 4601:Antiquity 4591:162976652 4562:163010878 4182:5 January 4101:12 August 3948:(2002) . 3742:499854155 3683:cite book 3675:643468400 2843:7 January 2796:(2001) . 2497:(2004) . 2355:Neuchâtel 1975:166154740 1943:Antiquity 1889:162438490 1868:Antiquity 1782:224889105 1734:17 August 1699:17 August 1674:17 August 1648:17 August 1538:Fred Bear 1503:Cherokees 1271:Cherokees 1049:In Korea 911:crossbows 899:Confucius 864:East Asia 741:Śukranīti 729:Yajurveda 664:Old World 629:long bows 593:sparabara 569:Assyrians 525:Nine bows 461:Egyptians 457:Parthians 394:assault. 391:Carn Brea 387:Neolithic 353:Neolithic 305:birch-tar 301:fletching 231:north of 225:Stellmoor 168:, Kenya, 155:Sri Lanka 60:from the 7310:Category 7295:Glossary 7285:Category 7250:Americas 7193:Olympics 7172:Popinjay 7038:Self bow 6993:Crossbow 6968:Arbalest 6934:Yabusame 6876:Japanese 6441:Rock art 6404:painting 6377:Geoglyph 6202:timeline 6182:Beadwork 5922:Mehrgarh 5917:Mudbrick 5825:megalith 5700:Fire-saw 5522:debitage 5517:analysis 5485:Hand axe 5465:Cupstone 5043:Glossary 5004:Timeline 4853:25528380 4760:(1963). 4717:Speculum 4666:26384874 4223:26 March 4176:BBC News 4119:(2007). 4032:20425600 4024:23057076 3929:21 April 3916:(1574). 3881:(eds.). 3873:(1908). 3811:(1978). 3661:(1932). 3498:12 April 3399:28 March 3205:(1998). 3173:(1929). 3080:(1993). 3008:(1969). 2923:(1988). 2864:(1993). 2768:(1956). 2719:(1970). 2610:(1907). 2582:(2011). 2559:28324859 2438:(2004). 2394:24936943 2271:26791728 2224:32582854 2146:36812314 2089:35138885 2032:36812314 1852:40650023 1566:Yabusame 1544:See also 1381:Medieval 1306:Comanche 1267:Jacobite 1196:— 1186:firearms 1146:spearman 1075:general 1073:Sasanian 960:Crusades 955:crossbow 893:Yabusame 781:firearms 765:Chanakya 693:Scythian 633:Corduene 625:Xenophon 606:Kassites 517:pharaohs 481:Japanese 453:Persians 359:Banyoles 203:Khiamian 170:obsidian 110:via the 96:firearms 81:chariots 7116:Quarrel 7023:Longbow 7008:Gakgung 7003:Flatbow 6881:Turkish 6871:Chinese 6866:History 6855:Archery 6798:Symbols 6409:pigment 6295:Weaving 6258:Cardium 6253:Pottery 6248:Mirrors 6236:Jewelry 6177:Baskets 6157:culture 6009:Cistern 5815:Pyramid 5757:Weapons 5735:Scraper 5725:Racloir 5685:Cleaver 5673:Chopper 5579:Uniface 5490:Grooves 5480:Hafting 5438:Oldowan 5397:Systems 5348:Cascade 5311:woomera 5301:harpoon 5274:history 5240:Hunting 5220:Pottery 5161:Cooking 5070:Farming 5036:history 5009:Outline 4742:2850132 4676:History 4442:Kuensel 4206:History 3706:Arabica 3177:(ed.). 3122:Patiala 3116:(ed.). 3012:(ed.). 2505:(ed.). 2279:4462435 2251:Bibcode 2215:7292635 2194:Bibcode 2137:9946345 2116:Bibcode 2080:8827661 2059:Bibcode 2023:9946345 2002:Bibcode 1912:Bibcode 1805:Bibcode 1762:Bibcode 1550:Archery 1526:recurve 1514:Hungary 1457:croquet 1420:Ivanhoe 1315:buffalo 1226:at the 1180:, 1708. 1142:footmen 1127:Picardy 967:longbow 937:Vikings 823:pottery 821:pelikai 809:acrobat 807:Female 725:Rigveda 697:Kul Oba 621:Hebrews 602:Chariot 589:Persian 549:Ta-Seti 477:Chinese 473:Koreans 469:Indians 465:Nubians 446:Ancient 403:Chariot 375:bracers 336:Alcañiz 233:Hamburg 227:in the 214:Azilian 193:In the 162:Nataruk 108:Eurasia 77:on foot 58:hunting 54:warfare 42:Archery 7267:Naadam 7260:Europe 7245:Africa 7157:Bowyer 7126:Target 7121:Quiver 7086:Bracer 6912:Topics 6776:flutes 6571:Dolmen 6495:Burial 6305:winery 6278:Linear 6108:Midden 6086:Cursus 6079:Goseck 5939:Pueblo 5890:Dugout 5875:Burdei 5554:Mining 5378:Lamoka 5373:Folsom 5353:Clovis 5210:Metate 5188:Hearth 5156:Basket 5130:Sickle 4930: 4912: 4894: 4876: 4851: 4813: 4748: 4740: 4664: 4620: 4589: 4560: 4489: 4364: 4305: 4276: 4153: 4127: 4056: 4030: 4022: 3960: 3924:J. 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