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Sensing the political changes taking place in central Europe around the time of the First World War, as well as the stirrings of
Zionist ideals about the re-establishment of a homeland for Jews, numerous Jewish architects from around Europe emigrated to Palestine during the first three decades of the
192:
were built outside the village core and had two stories: a raised ground floor with tiny windows used for raising livestock and storage, and a separate residential floor with large windows and balconies. In the courtyard was a small structure used for storage. Sometimes a tabun baking oven would be
123:
were placed randomly or laid in courses as well as for polygonal structures, for example it is found in city walls. Rough-hewn Stones and ashlars were used for more complex structure, and they were extracted from quarries. Huge stones were used since the first century B.C. Stone dressing was
661:
185:
In the second half of the 19th century, a residential story characterized by a cross-vault was added above the traditional house, creating a space between the floor with the livestock in the bottom room and the residential story. A separate entrance was installed in each story.
231:, it would be architecture designed in the modernist "Bauhaus" style that would fill the plots of that plan; among the architects who emigrated to Palestine at that time, and who went on to establish formidable careers were:
725:
589:
920:
239:-style building in Tel Aviv, is often misattributed to him), Jacob (Jacques, Jacov) Ornstein (1886-1953), Salomon Gepstein (1882-1961), Josef Neufeld (1899โ1980) and Elsa Gidoni (1899โ1978; nรฉe Mandelstamm).
605:
477:
concrete style suited Israel's harsh climate and paucity of natural building materials. Today, many such old buildings remain in
Israeli cities. Although they are being gradually remodeled as part of the
196:
The first modern building technology was evident in the farmhouses. Iron beams were used and the roofs were made of concrete and roof tiles. These structures had balconies with a view and wide doorways.
624:
162:, until the end of the 19th century, traditional housing construction consisted of a single room without partitions, divided into levels in accordance with various functions carried out in the house:
446:, a collection of over 4,000 buildings from the 1930s built in a locally adapted form of the International Style, has first been named the "White City" in 1984 and has been declared a
489:
program which is meant to strengthen old buildings against earthquakes or completely demolished and replaced with more modern housing projects occupying the former site as part of the "
1031:
1058:
from "Jerusalem: Life
Throughout the Ages in a Holy City". Online course material from the Ingeborg Rennert Center for Jerusalem Studies, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
1229:
559:
has three institutions dedicated to the
Bauhaus, or more widely, the International Style: the Bauhaus Center with its own gallery and offering guided city tours (see homepage
321:
The architecture of Tel Aviv's movie theaters can be seen as a reflection of
Israeli architectural history: The first cinema, the Eden, opened in 1914, was an example of the
40:
has been influenced by the different architectural styles of those who have inhabited the country over time, sometimes modified to suit the local climate and landscape.
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716:
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were among the leading architects of the early 1950s. Rudolf (Reuven) Trostler played an important role in designing the country's early industrial buildings.
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104:
Ancient regional architecture can be divided into two phases based on building materials โ stone and sundried mud brick. Most of the stones used were
1608:
1285:
1633:
235:, Shmuel Mestechkin (1908-2004; specialised in kibbutz architecture), Lucjan Korngold (1897-1963; Poland and Brazil; the Rubinsky House, an early
567:
with original interior furnishings, established in 2008, and the
Liebling Haus center for urbanism, architecture and conservation (see homepage
635:
266:
127:
Sundried mud bricks were the most used material until modern times, particularly in the coastal plain and valleys. Structures were roofed with
500:" (evacuate and build) program, it is expected to take decades before this style of architecture completely disappears from Israel's cities.
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169:โ a bottom level at the elevation of the courtyard considered the โdirtyโ part of the house, used for storage and sheltering livestock.
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style that was in vogue at the time, combining
European and Arab traditions. The Mugrabi cinema, designed in 1930, was built in
1753:
1553:
389:
111:
After the
Hellenistic period, hard limestone was used for columns, capitals, bases or also the Herodian enclosure walls of the
1299:
811:
56:
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1104:, edited by Raphael Patai, Herzl Press, McGraw, New York, 1971 "Architecture and Town Planning in Israel," Vol. 1, pp. 71-76
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1568:
676:
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961:"Israel Goldstein Synagogue, Givat Ram campus of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel Heinz Rau and David Reznik"
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90:
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640:/Moghrabi Theatre, archit. Joseph Berlin, 1930 (gutted by fire in 1986, demolished in mid-90s), Tel Aviv
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From 1948, architecture in Israel was dominated by the need to house masses of new immigrants. The
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285:, then Israel's tallest building (today it's the second tallest, after the Azrieli Sarona tower).
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to accommodate the masses of new immigrants living in the temporary tents and tin shacks of the
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484:
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686:
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963:, Building of the Month, Twentieth Century Society, June 2010, retrieved September 13, 2012
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style. In the late 1930s, the Esther, Chen and
Allenby theaters were prime examples of the
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was urban in character, with flat roofs, rectangular doorways and painted floor tiles.
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style architecture was exemplified by the Tamar cinema built inside the historic
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743:
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538:
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175:โ A higher residential level used for sleeping, eating, hospitality and storage.
875:
804:
The
Architecture of Ancient Israel: From the Prehistoric to the Persian Periods
181:(gallery) โ Another living area above the mastaba, used primarily for sleeping.
1181:
1179:[Inspiration for sale: The curious case of the house in Gush Etzion].
459:
393:
120:
119:
was used for building stone, door sockets, door pivots but also for drainage.
1230:
Amos Gitai sets up Israel's first architecture museum in memory of his father
29:
This article is about Israel's architecture. For the quarterly magazine, see
474:
373:
334:
278:
242:
105:
41:
1148:"Futuristic House Biomorphism by Ephraim Henry Pavie Architects and Design"
71:, and glass-sided skyscrapers all are part of the architecture of Israel.
1314:
Fifty Years of Israeli Architecture as Reflected in Jerusalem's Buildings
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556:
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20th century. While much innovative planning occurred during the time of
45:
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924:
330:
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52:
49:
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447:
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128:
116:
94:
147:
950:, as quoted by Jewish Virtual Library, retrieved September 13, 2012
908:
at Pioneering Women of American Architecture. Accessed 10 May 2021.
568:
388:
and was part of a master plan for the city drawn up in 1918 by Sir
357:
built homes with tiled roofs like those in the German countryside.
575:
425:
270:
210:
209:
159:
98:
89:
227:, 1920โ1948, in particular the town plan for Tel Aviv in 1925 by
894:, Amnon Bar Or โ Tal Gazit Architects Ltd. Accessed 10 May 2021.
470:" or train in Hebrew due to their relative monotony and length.
60:
1342:
1251:"How Israel turned homeowners into YIMBYs - Works in Progress"
560:
1320:
1283:
Arzaworld.com: Historical Architecture and Design in Israel
1071:
Spaces of global cultures: architecture, urbanism, identity
574:
The Munio Gitai Weinraub Museum of Architecture opened in
1267:- overview of TAMA 38 and pinui binui renovation programs
599:
town hall 1928-1965; redesigned by archit. Mayra Kovalsky
1325:
415:, another important Mandate-time town planner being the
399:
Three of the six British town planners of the time were
1333:"Jerusalem: Architecture in the late Ottoman Period"
1672:
1632:
1374:
595:Old Town Hall - built 1925, archit. Moshe Czerner;
63:arches and minarets, Russian Orthodox onion domes,
1317:, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 26 May 1999
1114:Sir Banister Fletcher's A History of Architecture
214:Government Mint building, Jerusalem, designed by
774:, which overlaps with the architecture of Israel
1206:"Bauhaus Museum Opens in Tel Aviv's White City"
979:, 2 February 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
717:Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences
376:require that all buildings be faced with local
124:primarily done with the chisel and the hammer.
1354:
458:In the 1950s and 1960s, Israel built rows of
8:
1176:ืืฉืจืื ืืืืืจื: ืืืงืจื ืืืืืจ ืฉื ืืืืช ืืืืฉ ืขืฆืืื
526:is the tallest building in Israel to date.
301:for iconic Jerusalem buildings such as the
1361:
1347:
1339:
1034:. Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Archived from
916:
914:
797:
795:
793:
67:modernist buildings, sculptural concrete
1125:ืืขืืจื ืขืฉืจืืช ืฉื ืื ืขื ืฉืื ืืื ื ืืจืืืช ืืืขืืื
502:
265:, the country's first large hotels, the
146:
789:
585:
802:Aharon Kempinski, Ronny Reich (1992).
434:("Bauhaus") architecture, part of the
267:Jewish National and University Library
1278:JewishVirtualLibrary.org: Archaeology
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
529:Ephraim Henry Pavie has evolved from
518:are going up around the country. The
201:Modern architecture and town planning
7:
1074:. New York: Routledge. p. 168.
880:at culture.pl. Accessed 10 May 2021.
293:-born Israeli architect who won the
1032:"Jerusalem Architecture Since 1948"
865:at GreyScape. Accessed 10 May 2021.
851:at GreyScape. Accessed 10 May 2021.
1102:Encyclopedia of Zionism and Israel
380:. The ordinance dates back to the
25:
1136:ืืื ืืืื ืฉืจืื ื ืขืืจืืืื ืืืืช ืขืงืื?
541:is a rare case of non-geometric,
225:the British Mandatory authorities
31:Architecture of Israel (magazine)
1727:
1718:
1717:
1327:Architecture of Israel Quarterly
1296:A little modesty goes a long way
750:
724:
709:
693:
675:
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645:
623:
604:
588:
1173:Kanti, Yonatan (2 April 2012).
836:Heritage Conservation in Israel
618:, flanked by modern glass tower
514:As property values have risen,
466:, some of these were known as "
333:style. In the 1950s and 1960s,
115:. In the north of the country,
1685:British Indian Ocean Territory
806:. Israel Exploration Society.
257:designed the interiors of the
1:
731:The Biomorphic House by
450:World Heritage Site in 2001.
973:"A mixed modernist message,"
937:Dora Gad's private sanctuary
206:Notable architects since WWI
1780:
959:Brittain-Catlin, Timothy,
948:Encyclopedia Judaica, 2008
927:Magazine, October 17, 2008
438:UNESCO World Heritage Site
303:Israel Goldstein Synagogue
78:
28:
1713:
1068:King, Anthony D. (2004).
778:List of Jewish architects
772:Architecture of Palestine
403:, "the most pro-Arab and
365:Housing built during the
81:Architecture of Palestine
1434:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1175:
989:Architectural milestones
700:The three towers of the
670:, built 1949-1953, Haifa
392:, then city engineer of
384:and the governorship of
307:Brigham Young University
297:in architecture and the
131:wooden beams covered by
1695:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1321:Israel Architect Design
905:Elsa Mandelstamm Gidoni
341:building on Tel Aviv's
1754:Architecture in Israel
1009:. Paul Goldberger for
1001:"Passion Set in Stone"
511:
444:White City of Tel Aviv
439:
219:
155:
101:
69:Brutalist architecture
38:architecture of Israel
18:Architecture in Israel
537:. The Pavie House in
506:
429:
401:Charles Robert Ashbee
213:
150:
93:
79:Further information:
1609:United Arab Emirates
1369:Architecture of Asia
1210:Architectural Record
616:Rothschild Boulevard
552:Museums and archives
531:organic architecture
520:Azrieli Sarona Tower
508:Azrieli Sarona Tower
1636:limited recognition
1056:The British Mandate
1013:. 10 September 1995
758:Meier on Rothschild
733:Ephraim Henry Pavie
432:International Style
349:Late Ottoman period
193:located inside it.
154:and metal grillwork
65:International Style
1302:2008-06-09 at the
1288:2018-04-20 at the
1255:worksinprogress.co
1011:The New York Times
1006:The New York Times
891:The Rubinsky House
512:
460:concrete tenements
440:
372:Municipal laws in
233:Yehuda Magidovitch
220:
218:(1935), built 1937
156:
102:
95:Byzantine basilica
1764:Culture of Israel
1741:
1740:
1678:other territories
848:Shmuel Mestechkin
668:Shrine of the Bรกb
655:, built 1926-1953
409:Clifford Holliday
386:Sir Ronald Storrs
277:passenger ships.
16:(Redirected from
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1731:
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1690:Christmas Island
1376:Sovereign states
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687:Jerusalem Forest
685:memorial, 1966,
679:
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639:
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608:
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499:
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421:Richard Kaufmann
283:Moshe Aviv Tower
190:Fortified houses
21:
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1649:Northern Cyprus
1635:
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1308:David Kroyanker
1304:Wayback Machine
1290:Wayback Machine
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1243:Further reading
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862:Lucjan Korngold
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510:(finished 2017)
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454:State of Israel
413:Austen Harrison
382:British Mandate
378:Jerusalem stone
367:British Mandate
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152:Jerusalem stone
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343:Allenby Street
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317:Movie theaters
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1404:Bangladesh
1394:Azerbaijan
1182:Nrg Maariv
1042:2012-08-28
1017:2012-08-28
813:9652210137
784:References
436:White City
430:Classical
419:architect
394:Alexandria
121:Fieldstone
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1700:Hong Kong
1654:Palestine
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1574:Singapore
1454:Indonesia
578:in 2012.
475:Brutalist
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1286:Archived
766:See also
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557:Tel Aviv
533:towards
524:Tel Aviv
464:maabarot
355:Templers
327:art deco
323:eclectic
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173:Mastabeh
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1389:Armenia
1234:Haaretz
977:Haaretz
925:Haaretz
582:Gallery
480:TAMA 38
468:rakevet
331:Bauhaus
259:Knesset
167:Rawiyeh
97:in the
75:History
57:Templer
50:Islamic
1664:Taiwan
1599:Turkey
1564:Russia
1499:Kuwait
1479:Jordan
1469:Israel
1429:Cyprus
1414:Brunei
1409:Bhutan
1189:10 May
1158:10 May
1078:
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719:, 2009
704:, 1999
448:UNESCO
289:was a
261:, the
137:rushes
129:timber
117:basalt
1705:Macau
1624:Yemen
1584:Syria
1559:Qatar
1539:Nepal
1474:Japan
1449:India
1439:Egypt
1424:China
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576:Haifa
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271:El Al
160:Lifta
133:reeds
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1459:Iran
1263:2024
1257:(14)
1217:2012
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1076:ISBN
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