1291:
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1178:
1306:
1336:
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1818:
1238:
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305:
and
Baltica were connected during the Late Palaeoproterzoic (1.7–1.74 Ga) and Siberia later joined them. Paleomagnetic reconstructions indicate that they formed a single supercontinent during the Mesoproterozoic (1.5–1.45 Ga) but paleomagnetic data and geological pieces of evidence also
281:
argued that most cratons that were around at 2.5 Ga most likely formed in a single region simply because they were located in a single region in
Pangaea, which is the reason Rogers argued for the existence of Arctica. The core of Arctica was the Canadian Shield, which
219:) was the first to assume that the crust in the Arctic region was of continental origin. Shatsky, however, was a "fixist" and, erroneously, explained the presence of Precambrian and Paleozoic metamorphic rocks on the New Siberian, Wrangel, and De long Islands with
298:
orogenies. These two orogenies are derived from continental crust (not oceanic crust) and were probably intracontinental, leaving
Kenorland intact from 2.5 Ga to the present. Correlations between orogenies in Canada and Siberia remain more controversial.
357:. During this period the configuration of Arctica changed and the continent moved from near the Equator to near the North Pole while keeping its position between three major cratons: Laurentia, Baltica, and Siberia. An extended magmatic event, the
223:. "Mobilists", on the other hand, also erroneously, proposed that North America had rifted from Eurasia and that the Arctic basins had opened behind a retreating Alaska.
663:"Large igneous provinces (LIPs), giant dyke swarms, and mantle plumes: significance for breakup events within Canada and adjacent regions from 2.5 Ga to the Present"
1126:
1890:
1045:
Williams, H.; Hoffman, P. E.; Lewry, J. F.; Monger, J .W. H.; Rivers, T. (1991). "Anatomy of North
America: thematic portrayals of the continent".
739:
326:
basins formed, but the presence of
Precambrian metamorphic complexes discovered in the 1980s indicated a continent once existed between
358:
314:
The current geological structure of the Arctic Region is the result of tectonic processes during the
Mesozoic and Cenozoic (250
197:
cratons. Russian geologists writing in
English call the continent "Arctida" since it was given that name in 1987, alternatively the
1895:
1119:
1087:
1885:
1900:
1870:
445:
1828:
701:
Khain, V. E.; Filatova, N. I. (2009). "From
Hyperborea to Arctida: The Problem of the Precambrian Central Arctic Craton".
1734:
1112:
290:. They argued that this continent formed around 2.5 Ga and then rifted before reassembling along the 1.8 Ga
1021:
Vernikovsky, V. A.; Metelkin, D. V.; Vernikovskaya, A. E.; Matushkin, N. Y.; Lobkovsky, L. I.; Shipilov, E. V. (2014).
1694:
1639:
1629:
1382:
306:
suggest a considerable spatial gap between
Siberia and Laurentia and Arctica is thought to be the missing link.
1848:
1614:
28:
1671:
1666:
295:
1609:
983:"Geodynamic evolution of the Arctic Ocean and modern problems in geological studies of the Arctic region"
782:
1494:
1402:
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268:
190:
178:
115:
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and eastern South
America. Arctica then grew around 1.5 Ga by accretion of East Antarctica and
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232:
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1580:
1539:
1023:"Early evolution stages of the arctic margins (Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic) and plate reconstructions"
335:
260:
194:
95:
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1002:
857:
849:
726:
385:
1817:
1765:
1619:
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1075:
421:
138:
448: – Terrane that includes parts of Alaska, Siberia and the continental shelf between them
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730:
662:
154:
824:
Rogers, J. J. W. (1996). "A history of continents in the past three billion years".
809:
635:, 90–130 Ma: northern Canada, initiation of the Arctic Ocean, p. 701, fig. 6b, p.705
1822:
1775:
1509:
1484:
1295:
1290:
417:
362:
186:
166:
158:
100:
1076:"Tectonic History of the Arctic Region from the Ordivician Through the Cretaceous"
51:
1022:
271:. Around 1 Ga Nena, Ur, and Atlantica collided to form the supercontinent
1676:
1644:
1634:
961:. 2nd International Conference on Precambrian Continental Growth and Tectonism.
497:
404:
and Timan-Pechora Plates). Remains of the last continent are now located on the
393:
388:, Inuit Fold Belt in northern Greenland, and two Arctic underwater ridges, the
1714:
1624:
1604:
1454:
1182:
1177:
998:
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722:
366:
220:
202:
142:
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1514:
1459:
1392:
1135:
425:
327:
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302:
287:
256:
240:
134:
966:
353:. It reformed during the Permian-Triassic 255 Ma and became part of
1709:
1594:
1499:
1474:
1464:
1427:
1412:
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1387:
1310:
1305:
608:
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57:
853:
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17:
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1760:
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1227:
1222:
1167:
1162:
413:
381:
346:
146:
35:
686:
845:
1534:
1139:
251:; Arctica formed around 2.5–2 Ga by the amalgamation of the
498:
Siberian craton - a fragment of a Paleoproterozoic supercontinent
400:. More recent reconstructions also include Barentsia (including
1197:
1192:
1080:
The Arctic Seas: Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology
1030:
Proceedings of the International Conference on Arctic Margins VI
1108:
740:"Tectonics and petroleum potential of the East Arctic province"
781:
Metelkin, D. V.; Vernikovsky, V. A.; Matushkin, N. Y. (2015).
644:
342:
584:, Arctica and Kenorland (~2500 Ma), pp. 360–361
283:
604:
602:
738:
Khain, V. E.; Polyakova, I. D.; Filatova, N. I. (2009).
945:
Geology and Mineral Resources in the North of the USSR
533:
481:
479:
477:
345:, Arctica originally formed as a continent during the
620:
485:
459: – Orogen that formed during the Neoproterozoic
259:
formed around 2 Ga by the amalgamation of the
361:, broke Arctica in part 130–90 Ma, opened the
88:
78:
70:
65:
424:in easternmost Siberia, and fragments in northern
349:950 Ma and became part of the supercontinent
955:Siberia, Laurentia and Baltica in Mesoproterozoic
557:
181:cratons in North America. Arctica was named by
593:
1120:
981:Vernikovsky, V. A.; Dobretsov, N. L. (2015).
581:
545:
278:
8:
947:(in Russian). Vol. 1. pp. 149–165.
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44:
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1152:
1147:
1127:
1113:
1105:
1074:Zonenshain, L. P.; Natapov, L. M. (1987).
943:(1935). "On the tectonics of the Arctic".
645:Metelkin, Vernikovsky & Matushkin 2015
536:, Tectonic units and their history, p. 335
343:Metelkin, Vernikovsky & Matushkin 2015
247:in the Middle Proterozoic by accretion to
50:
987:Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences
914:"The Supercontinent Medley: Recent Views"
255:and Siberian shields plus Greenland; and
372:Fragments of this continent include the
952:Tait, J. A.; Pisarevsky, S. A. (2009).
473:
216:
41:Ancient continent in the Neoarchean era
869:Rogers, J. J. W.; Santosh, M. (2003).
647:, Introduction, p. 114; Fig. 1, p. 115
569:
520:
508:
182:
137:which formed approximately 2.565
43:
235:, Rogers proposed that the continent
7:
783:"Arctida between Rodinia and Pangea"
534:Khain, Polyakova & Filatova 2009
871:"Supercontinents in Earth History"
667:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
359:High Arctic Large Igneous Province
25:
1891:Natural history of North America
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621:Vernikovsky & Dobretsov 2015
486:Vernikovsky & Dobretsov 2015
189:formed by the separation of the
1662:Possible future supercontinents
810:10.1016/j.precamres.2014.09.013
661:Ernst, R.; Bleeker, W. (2010).
747:Russian Geology and Geophysics
446:Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane
145:era. It was made of Archaean
1:
898:10.1016/S1342-937X(05)70993-X
558:Zonenshain & Natapov 1987
231:In his reconstruction of the
1440:Other prehistoric continents
1067:10.1016/0040-1951(91)90416-P
1078:. In Herman, Yvonne (ed.).
611:, Introduction, pp. 265–266
267:to form the supercontinent
1917:
594:Tait & Pisarevsky 2009
310:Phanerozoic microcontinent
133:is a hypothetical ancient
33:
26:
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999:10.1134/S1019331615030193
767:10.1016/j.rgg.2009.03.006
723:10.1134/S1028334X09070071
582:Rogers & Santosh 2003
546:Khain & Filatova 2009
341:In the reconstruction of
279:Rogers & Santosh 2003
49:
1896:Prehistory of the Arctic
1849:Chronology of continents
912:Sankaran, A. V. (2003).
633:Ernst & Bleeker 2010
34:Not to be confused with
29:Arctica (disambiguation)
1886:Natural history of Asia
609:Vernikovsky et al. 2014
239:formed at about 3
1901:Former supercontinents
1610:Great Australian Bight
967:10.13140/2.1.3432.3840
832:(1): 91–107, Chicago.
703:Doklady Earth Sciences
560:, Introduction, p. 829
201:, in reference to the
1871:Historical continents
432:and in the submerged
365:, and left radiating
318:to present) when the
227:Precambrian continent
116:North Atlantic Craton
1834:Continental fragment
1829:Regions of the world
790:Precambrian Research
412:and adjacent shelf,
410:New Siberian Islands
378:New Siberian Islands
284:Williams et al. 1991
233:supercontinent cycle
66:Historical continent
27:For other uses, see
1791:Indian Subcontinent
1581:Submerged continent
1059:1991Tectp.187..117W
1032:. Fairbanks, Alaska
890:2003GondR...6..357R
838:1996JG....104...91R
802:2015PreR..259..114M
759:2009RuGG...50..334K
715:2009DokES.428.1076K
679:2010CaJES..47..695E
369:across the Arctic.
261:West African Craton
46:
1572:
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826:Journal of Geology
386:Chukotka Peninsula
199:Hyperborean craton
56:Arctica, 2400 Ma (
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139:billion years ago
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16:(Redirected from
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207:Greek mythology
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993:(3): 206–212.
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937:
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30:
19:
1814:
1753:
1739:
1703:hypothesised
1693:
1661:
1579:
1510:Kazakhstania
1485:Congo Craton
1449:
1439:
1375:Prehistoric
1374:
1333:
1318:
1303:
1296:Afro-Eurasia
1288:
1250:
1235:
1220:
1205:
1190:
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1160:
1093:. Retrieved
1082:. Springer.
1079:
1050:
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1034:. Retrieved
1029:
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986:
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954:
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589:
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516:
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418:Brooks Ridge
371:
363:Arctic Ocean
340:
313:
301:
292:Trans-Hudson
277:
230:
217:Shatsky 1935
211:
203:hyperboreans
198:
187:Arctic Ocean
185:because the
130:
126:
125:
101:Slave Craton
1881:Proterozoic
1677:Novopangaea
1545:South China
1525:North China
931:28 February
796:: 114–129.
570:Rogers 1996
521:Rogers 1996
509:Rogers 1996
380:, northern
367:dyke swarms
183:Rogers 1996
153:, with its
1865:Categories
1813:See also:
1715:Hyperborea
1705:continents
1640:Seychelles
1625:Madagascar
1605:Doggerland
1500:Euramerica
1455:Asiamerica
1183:Antarctica
1136:Continents
572:, Abstract
464:References
374:Kara Shelf
221:subduction
165:, and the
143:Neoarchean
1786:Greenland
1650:Zealandia
1615:Jan Mayen
1600:Cathaysia
1520:Laurentia
1515:Laramidia
1505:Kalaharia
1460:Atlantica
1393:Kenorland
1213:Australia
1007:152499653
862:128776432
731:128422376
426:Greenland
416:north of
390:Lomonosov
328:Laurentia
320:Amerasian
303:Laurentia
288:Kenorland
257:Atlantica
135:continent
1844:Category
1710:Atlantis
1695:Mythical
1630:Mauritia
1595:Beringia
1480:Cimmeria
1475:Chilenia
1465:Avalonia
1445:Amazonia
1428:Vaalbara
1413:Pannotia
1398:Laurasia
1388:Gondwana
1383:Columbia
1311:Americas
1095:19 March
1036:19 March
972:19 March
854:30068065
692:28 March
440:See also
406:Kara Sea
402:Svalbard
324:Eurasian
253:Canadian
245:Gondwana
195:Siberian
175:Superior
127:Arctica,
58:Siderian
1876:Archean
1730:Meropis
1725:Lemuria
1540:Siberia
1490:Cuyania
1470:Baltica
1450:Arctica
1418:Rodinia
1408:Pangaea
1341:Oceania
1326:Eurasia
1055:Bibcode
1012:5 March
903:8 March
886:Bibcode
834:Bibcode
815:5 March
798:Bibcode
772:5 March
755:Bibcode
711:Bibcode
675:Bibcode
654:Sources
408:Shelf,
355:Pangaea
351:Rodinia
336:Siberia
332:Baltica
273:Rodinia
265:Baltica
171:Wyoming
163:Siberia
147:cratons
141:in the
131:Arctida
74:2565 Ma
45:Arctica
18:Arctida
1766:Arabia
1761:Alaska
1701:, and
1672:Aurica
1667:Amasia
1530:Pampia
1228:Europe
1168:Africa
1086:
1005:
860:
852:
729:
414:Alaska
382:Alaska
347:Tonian
334:, and
286:named
177:, and
155:Anabar
71:Formed
36:Arctic
1645:Sunda
1635:Sahul
1585:lands
1535:Sahul
1140:Earth
1026:(PDF)
1003:S2CID
959:(PDF)
917:(PDF)
874:(PDF)
858:S2CID
850:JSTOR
786:(PDF)
743:(PDF)
727:S2CID
532:E.g.
469:Notes
394:Alpha
167:Slave
1699:lost
1587:and
1403:Nena
1198:Asia
1097:2016
1084:ISBN
1038:2016
1014:2016
974:2016
933:2016
905:2016
817:2016
774:2016
694:2016
428:and
392:and
322:and
294:and
269:Nena
193:and
79:Type
1138:of
1063:doi
1051:187
995:doi
963:doi
894:doi
842:doi
830:104
806:doi
794:259
763:doi
719:doi
707:428
683:doi
205:in
161:in
129:or
1867::
1735:Mu
1697:,
1423:Ur
1061:.
1049:.
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1001:.
991:85
989:.
985:.
925:85
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671:47
669:.
665:.
601:^
476:^
436:.
420:,
384:,
376:,
338:.
330:,
316:Ma
275:.
241:Ga
237:Ur
209:.
173:,
169:,
1583:/
1128:e
1121:t
1114:v
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997::
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907:.
896::
888::
882:6
864:.
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808::
800::
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765::
757::
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721::
713::
696:.
685::
677::
396:-
215:(
157:/
60:)
38:.
31:.
20:)
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