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complex sequences of syntax. Studies indicate that as the arcuate fasciculus matures and undergoes myelination, there is a corresponding increase in the ability to process syntax. Furthermore, lesions in the arcuate fasciculus often result in difficulties with syntax. Researchers have found that when subjects are confronted with difficult syntactic structures, there is high synchronicity between the left frontal and parietal regions due to their connection by the arcuate fasciculus. This research further supports the arcuate fasciculus as the key component of human language.
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is unmyelinated. The myelination process occurs gradually during childhood; myelin density has been shown to increase between the age of 3 and 10. A study comparing a group of 6-year-olds to a group of 3-year-olds found that the 6-year-olds had stronger functional connectivity of the arcuate fasciculus. The arcuate fasciculus is similarly undeveloped in non-human primates such as chimpanzees and macaques. This supports the theory that the arcuate fasciculus is a critical component in language.
264:. It is mostly considered to be an oversimplification, but this model is still utilized because a satisfactory replacement has not been developed. The topographical relationships between independent measures of white matter and gray matter integrity suggest that rich developmental or environmental interactions influence brain structure and function. The presence and strength of such associations may elucidate pathophysiological processes influencing systems such as language and
49:
436:, the arcuate fasciculus appears to have bilateral deficits that reduce it by one-third or more relative to non-stutterers. However, there is ongoing debate concerning the contribution of each hemisphere. Diffusion-based evidence of differences between stutterers and controls is not isolated to the arcuate fasciculus.
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suggest that the connection between the posterior temporal cortex and frontal cortex plays a vital role in short-term memory of words and speech sounds that are new or have just been heard. The arcuate fasciculus is the main connection between these two regions. Studies that challenge the claim that
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that drastically increases the signaling efficiency of the neuron. The arcuate fasciculus is heavily myelinated in healthy adult brains. The density of this myelination has been found to predict the accuracy and speed to which one can comprehend sentences. However, the arcuate fasciculus of newborns
447:
is a disorder that prevents children from developing language normally. These children particularly have difficulty with the syntactic and hierarchal structures of language. Damage to the arcuate fasciculus is implicated as a possible cause of specific language impairment, however further data is
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refers to a set of rules by which we order words within a language. Some researchers argue that syntax is what distinguishes language as a uniquely human capacity. Though the exact function of the arcuate fasciculus is still debated, the predominant theory is that it is involved with processing
424:, the superior arcuate fasciculus in the right hemisphere could not be detected, suggesting a disconnection between the posterior superior temporal gyrus and the posterior inferior frontal gyrus. Researchers suggested the posterior superior temporal gyrus was the origin of the disorder.
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has improved, this has become a testable hypothesis. Research indicates more diffuse termination of the fibers of the arcuate than previously thought. While the main caudal source of the fiber tract appears to be posterior superior temporal cortex, the rostral terminations are mostly in
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of the brain. These fiber tracts are asymmetrical; the left arcuate fasciculus is stronger than the right. While the left arcuate fasciculus is thought to be the one involved with syntax processing, the right arcuate fasciculus has been implicated in
317:. The basis of this model is generally accepted, however the details of it are highly contentious. The dorsal pathway consists of multiple fiber tracts, one of which is the arcuate fasciculus. The dorsal pathway as a whole is implicated in
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Nakajima, Riho; Yordanova, Yordanka N.; Duffau, Hugues; Herbet, Guillaume (July 2018). "Neuropsychological evidence for the crucial role of the right arcuate fasciculus in the face-based mentalizing network: A disconnection analysis".
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is a disorder that is primarily characterized by reading deficits. Research has shown that decreases in the integrity of the arcuate fasciculus coincide with worsened reading ability in dyslexic subjects.
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in their arcuate fasciculus were especially deficient in their syntax processing abilities. Worsened syntax processing correlated with the degree of degradation in the arcuate fasciculus.
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Adams, R. D. The anatomy of memory mechanisms in the human brain. In "The pathology of Memory, edited by G. A. Talland and N. C. Waugh. New York: Academic Press, 1969.
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228:. Due to their proximity, they are sometimes referred to interchangeably. They can be distinguished by the location and function of their endpoints in the
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processing. Studies further suggest that the right arcuate fasciculus is involved with the ability to read emotion from human facial expression.
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CATANI, M; THIEBAUT DE SCHOTTEN, M (1 September 2008). "A diffusion tensor imaging tractography atlas for virtual in vivo dissections".
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that slowly worsens over time. It can affect both the production and comprehension of language. Progressive aphasic patients that have
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Bernal, Byron; Altman, Nolan (1 February 2010). "The connectivity of the superior longitudinal fasciculus: a tractography DTI study".
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the arcuate fasciculus is responsible for repetition cite that in some cases lesions to the arcuate fasciculus nor total
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The arcuate fasciculus is a bilateral structure; this means that it is present in both the right and left
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Historically, the arcuate fasciculus has been understood to connect two important areas for language use:
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of language proposes that there are two streams by which the brain processes language information: the
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Dick, Anthony Steven; Bernal, Byron; Tremblay, Pascale (15 December 2013). "The
Language Connectome".
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that extends into the subcortical white matter and compromises the arcuate fasciculus. This type of
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816:"A qualitative and quantitative review of diffusion tensor imaging studies in reading and dyslexia"
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754:"Beyond the arcuate fasciculus: consensus and controversy in the connectional anatomy of language"
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Myelination is a process by which axons are covered with a protective substance called
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384:. Patients otherwise exhibit a relatively normal control of language. The symptoms of
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Vandermosten, Maaike; Boets, Bart; Wouters, Jan; Ghesquière, Pol (1 July 2012).
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ends in the premotor cortex which is implicated in acoustic-motor mapping.
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The arcuate fasciculus connects two important areas for language use,
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Language in our brain : the origins of a uniquely human capacity
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232:. The arcuate fasciculus terminates in Broca's area (specifically
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Carlson, N. (2012). Physiology of behavior. (11th ed.). Pearson.
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is characterized by difficulty with repetition and prevalent
236:) which is linked to processing complex syntax. However, the
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Neural pathway connecting Broca's area and
Wernicke's area
973:"Anomalous white matter morphology in adults who stutter"
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Historically the arcuate fasciculus has been linked to
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Cieslak, M; Ingham, R; Ingham, J; Grafton, S (2015).
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977:Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
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635:Bernal, B.; Ardila, A. (18 August 2009).
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820:Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
752:Dick, A. S.; Tremblay, P. (2012-12-01).
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53:Tractography showing arcuate fasciculus
922:Loui, P; Alsop, D; Schlaug, S (2009).
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1113:Inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus
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448:required to validate this claim.
1108:Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
1099:Superior longitudinal fasciculus
238:superior longitudinal fasciculus
226:superior longitudinal fasciculus
224:tract that runs parallel to the
146:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
1139:Central nervous system pathways
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420:In nine out of ten people with
321:and processing complex syntax.
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989:10.1044/2015_JSLHR-S-14-0193
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445:Specific language impairment
440:Specific language impairment
393:produce conduction aphasia.
220:The arcuate fasciculus is a
511:Friederici, Angela (2017).
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678:Magnetic Resonance Imaging
713:"Myelination at a glance"
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288:Developmental differences
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470:Wernicke–Geschwind model
374:inferior parietal lobule
319:sensory-to-motor mapping
182:that generally connects
928:Journal of Neuroscience
717:Journal of Cell Science
262:superior temporal gyrus
307:two-streams hypothesis
254:inferior frontal gyrus
1134:Cerebral white matter
359:Clinical significance
771:10.1093/brain/aws222
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382:phonemic paraphasias
271:As the technique of
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402:Progressive aphasia
397:Progressive aphasia
103:fasciculus arcuatus
1103:Arcuate fasciculus
1081:Association fibers
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878:: 179–187.
348:hemispheres
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194:. It is an
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280:, part of
244:Connection
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