335:
209:), to which was added a specific name which consisted of only one word. Each species was presented in the Swedish text with their Latin scientific names, followed by detailed information containing the exact dates when he had found the animals, and a detailed description of eyes, legs and body. The differences between the sexes were also described. Each species was illustrated in impressively accurate drawings printed on coloured copper plates which were bound at the end of the volume.
317:
165:
371:
353:
33:
147:
93:, ("Swedish spiders into their main genera separated, and as sixty and a few particular species described and with illuminated figures illustrated") and included 162 pages of text (eight pages were unpaginated) and six colour plates. It was published in Swedish, with a Latin translation printed in a slightly smaller font below the Swedish text.
250:
In the late 19th century, Clerck's 1757 work was commonly accepted as the first application of binomial nomenclature to spiders. In 1959 the ICZN Commission ruled that the date 1758 should be used for Clerck's names, this date 1758 was repeated to apply to Clerck's names in the 4th edition of the
258:
In a complete binomial name with author and year, the year corresponds to the year of publication of the original source. Since 2000, the ICZN Code includes an exception of this very basic rule. From the beginning on the new provision in the Code has been misunderstood by many researchers who
1222:
Svenska
Spindlar uti sina hufvud-slågter indelte samt under några och sextio särskildte arter beskrefne och med illuminerade figurer uplyste / Aranei Svecici, descriptionibus et figuris æneis illustrati, ad genera subalterna redacti, speciebus ultra LX
233:
did not mention Clerck's work. Only after 1999 was this officially recognized in the Code. This means that in case of doubt the spelling of a spider name as from Clerck's 1757 work has priority over that proposed by
Linnaeus in 1758 (an example is
287:
could be interpreted in a way that the
Linnean work from 1 January 1758 should have priority. In 2009 the Commission saw itself forced to repeat once more, although this was already explicit in the Code's Article 3.1, that the name
183:
Clerck explained in the last (9th of the 2nd part) chapter of his work that in contrast to previous authors he used the term "spider" in the strict sense, for animals possessing eight eyes and separated
1454:
1450:
1373:
1310:
1273:
264:
226:
1382:
1319:
252:
230:
217:
Because of the exceptionally thorough treatment of the spider species, the scientific names proposed by Clerck (which were adopted by Carl
Linnaeus in his
1492:
75:
and was first published in
Stockholm in the year 1757. It was the first comprehensive book on the spiders of Sweden and one of the first regional
83:
Svenska
Spindlar uti sina hufvud-slägter indelte samt under några och sextio särskildte arter beskrefne och med illuminerade figurer uplyste
1601:
242:), and that Clerck's spiders were the first animals in modern zoology to have obtained an available scientific name in the Linnean system.
1408:
1467:
1424:
1286:
1363:, Volume 13, Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club, 1896, Pg. 61
1611:
1606:
1514:
1391:
1328:
1252:
Descriptive
Catalogue of the Spiders of Burma based upon the Collection made by Eugene W. Oates and Preserved in the British Museum
1616:
1256:
1591:
1236:
112:
1282:
and addition of the title of that work to the
Official List of Works approved as available for use in Zoological Nomenclature"
96:
Clerck described in detail 67 species of
Swedish spiders, and for the first time in a zoological work consistently applied
89:
Aranei
Svecici, descriptionibus et figuris æneis illustrati, ad genera subalterna redacti, speciebus ultra LX determinati
1631:
1377:
1646:
1314:
334:
1596:
1278:"Direction 104. Grant of the status of availability to the names published by C. A. Clerck in 1757 in the work
1103:
499:
488:
71:, respectively, for "Swedish spiders") is one of the major works of the Swedish arachnologist and entomologist
259:
believed that by setting the date for Clerck's work to 1758 (overriding its true date 1757) and the date for
1036:
1025:
1636:
1626:
1621:
975:
812:
790:
466:
455:
604:
582:
900:
823:
711:
681:
510:
222:
97:
72:
560:
1158:
1147:
1114:
944:
933:
867:
722:
521:
477:
359:
323:
1641:
1360:
1277:
1178:
1125:
1014:
878:
779:
705:
659:
648:
593:
571:
1506:
1484:
1136:
845:
768:
757:
733:
637:
626:
615:
433:
408:
341:
316:
303:
lists the following 67 species of spider; their current identities follow Platnick (2000–2010).
1199:
The third edition of the ICZN Code (1960) restricted binomial publications to works after 1757.
164:
1433:
1387:
1361:
Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne
1324:
997:
955:
856:
801:
532:
444:
422:
415:
401:
221:
in 1758 with only minor modifications) had traditionally been recognized by arachnologists as
172:
132:
106:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
196:(because they had two eyes and a broadly joined prosoma and opisthosoma) and other groups of
1476:
986:
911:
889:
834:
377:
64:
370:
352:
1510:
1220:
1064:
1053:
922:
670:
120:
is the only pre-Linnaean source to be recognised as a taxonomic authority for such names.
263:
to 1 January 1758, the priority was changed. In 2007, a case was even brought before the
1092:
393:
32:
1585:
1076:
101:
1488:
1345:
1250:
229:
decided that Clerck's work should be available for zoological nomenclature, but the
104:. Linnaeus had originally invented this system for botanical names in his 1753 work
1080:
693:
548:
540:
189:
146:
267:
because the researchers were no longer sure whether the generic name should be
1072:
963:
745:
689:
544:
17:
1166:
741:
389:
197:
193:
76:
1480:
269:
205:
185:
1386:(4th ed.). The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature.
1323:(4th ed.). The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature.
292:
established by Clerck shall have priority and be used for the genus.
68:
31:
1249:
Eugene William Oates & Tord Thorell (1895). "Introduction".
192:, and that his concept of this group of animals did not include
79:
of a group of animals worldwide. The full title of the work is
1463:
Latreille, 1804 (Arachnida, Araneae): proposed conservation"
1417:
Latreille, 1804 (Arachnida, Araneae): proposed conservation"
1226:. Stockholm: Laurentius Salvius. pp. , 1–154, pl. 1-6.
1239:
of all 67 names of species established by Clerck 1757.
1350:. Vol. 8. Macmillan & Co. 1896. p. 255.
1451:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
1374:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
1311:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
1274:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
203:
For all spiders Clerck used a single generic name (
1455:"Opinion 2224 (Case 3371) Araneidae Clerck, 1758,
283:. In their judgement the year 1758 for Clerck's
29:1757 arachnology text by Carl Alexander Clerck
1383:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
1320:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
253:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
231:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
81:
46:
8:
87:
56:
1511:"The World Spider Catalog, Version 11.0"
1305:
1303:
1301:
1268:
1266:
110:, and presented it again in 1758 in the
1211:
1192:
7:
1409:"Case 3371. Araneidae Clerck, 1758,
1344:"Rules of Nomenclature in Zoology".
116:for more than 4,000 animal species.
1468:Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
1425:Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
1287:Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
1515:American Museum of Natural History
36:Title page of the 1757 edition of
25:
213:Impact and importance of the work
1257:British Museum (Natural History)
369:
351:
333:
315:
163:
145:
113:10th edition of Systema Naturae
1:
1602:18th-century books in Latin
1021:Araneus litera v insignitus
225:and available. In 1959 the
124:Presentation of the spiders
1663:
1432:(1): 15–18. Archived from
170:Figure of male and female
1612:Biological classification
1607:Arachnological literature
1104:Philodromus margaritatus
1032:Araneus litera v notatus
528:Araneus litera x notatus
500:Larinioides sclopetarius
489:Larinioides sclopetarius
1617:Zoological nomenclature
1037:Aelurillus v-insignitus
1026:Aelurillus v-insignitus
1592:1757 non-fiction books
976:Dendryphantes hastatus
813:Alopecosa pulverulenta
791:Acantholycosa lignaria
467:Larinioides patagiatus
456:Larinioides patagiatus
88:
82:
57:
47:
40:
1481:10.21805/bzn.v66i2.a9
808:Araneus pulverulentus
718:Araneus labyrinthicus
712:Malthonica ferruginea
682:Linyphia triangularis
511:Araniella cucurbitina
98:binomial nomenclature
73:Carl Alexander Clerck
35:
1407:N. J. Kluge (2007).
1159:Micrommata virescens
1148:Micrommata virescens
1115:Philodromus aureolus
1099:Araneus margaritatus
945:Dolomedes fimbriatus
934:Dolomedes plantarius
868:Dolomedes fimbriatus
723:Agelena labyrinthica
677:Araneus triangularis
522:Metellina segmentata
506:Araneus cucurbitinus
495:Araneus sclopetarius
478:Larinioides cornutus
1179:Argyroneta aquatica
1126:Thanatus formicinus
1015:Sitticus terebratus
896:Araneus piscatorius
879:Alopecosa inquilina
780:Alopecosa inquilina
706:Tegenaria domestica
660:Floronia bucculenta
655:Araneus bucculentus
649:Nesticus cellulanus
605:Parasteatoda lunata
594:Phylloneta sisyphia
583:Parasteatoda lunata
517:Araneus segmentatus
440:Araneus pyramidatus
1632:Biological systems
1507:Norman I. Platnick
1219:C. Clerck (1757).
1137:Xysticus cristatus
1121:Araneus formicinus
1010:Araneus terebratus
940:Araneus fimbriatus
929:Araneus plantarius
901:Pirata piscatorius
846:Alopecosa trabalis
824:Pardosa paludicola
819:Araneus paludicola
775:Araneus inquilinus
769:Alopecosa aculeata
758:Alopecosa fabrilis
734:Clubiona pallidula
729:Araneus pallidulus
701:Araneus domesticus
644:Araneus cellulanus
638:Enoplognatha ovata
627:Enoplognatha ovata
616:Enoplognatha ovata
462:Araneus patagiatus
434:Nuctenea umbratica
429:Araneus umbraticus
409:Araneus diadematus
360:Araneus fimbriatus
246:Year 1757 or 1758?
41:
1647:Illustrated books
1459:Clerck, 1758 and
1413:Clerck, 1758 and
1174:Araneus aquaticus
1154:Araneus virescens
1132:Araneus cristatus
1043:Araneus flammatus
998:Salticus scenicus
956:Pisaura mirabilis
951:Araneus mirabilis
907:Araneus fumigatus
885:Araneus piraticus
857:Alopecosa cuneata
830:Araneus amentatus
802:Pardosa monticola
797:Araneus monticola
786:Araneus lignarius
764:Araneus aculeatus
622:Araneus redimitus
589:Araneus sisyphius
561:Steatoda castanea
556:Araneus castaneus
533:Zygiella x-notata
484:Araneus sericatus
451:Araneus ocellatus
445:Araneus marmoreus
423:Araneus marmoreus
416:Araneus quadratus
402:Araneus angulatus
282:
275:
133:Araneus angulatus
107:Species Plantarum
16:(Redirected from
1654:
1577:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1491:. Archived from
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1421:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1307:
1296:
1295:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1216:
1200:
1197:
1110:Araneus aureolus
1060:Araneus arcuatus
1049:Araneus falcatus
1004:Araneus striatus
993:Araneus scenicus
987:Marpissa muscosa
982:Araneus muscosus
971:Araneus hastatus
918:Araneus pullatus
912:Pardosa amentata
890:Pirata piraticus
852:Araneus cuneatus
841:Araneus trabalis
835:Pardosa amentata
753:Araneus fabrilis
666:Araneus montanus
633:Araneus lineatus
600:Araneus formosus
473:Araneus cornutus
378:Araneus muscosus
373:
355:
337:
324:Araneus cornutus
319:
309:Selected species
301:Svenska Spindlar
285:Svenska Spindlar
280:
273:
167:
149:
138:Svenska Spindlar
118:Svenska Spindlar
91:
85:
60:
50:
48:Svenska Spindlar
38:Svenska Spindlar
21:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1597:1757 in science
1582:
1581:
1580:
1519:
1517:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1436:
1419:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1347:Natural Science
1343:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1309:
1308:
1299:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1259:. p. viii.
1248:
1247:
1243:
1237:AnimalBase list
1235:
1231:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1065:Evarcha arcuata
1054:Evarcha falcata
923:Pardosa pullata
874:Araneus nivalis
863:Araneus undatus
671:Neriene montana
578:Araneus lunatus
567:Araneus hamatus
385:
384:
383:
382:
381:
374:
365:
364:
363:
356:
347:
346:
345:
338:
329:
328:
327:
320:
311:
310:
298:
261:Systema Naturae
248:
227:ICZN Commission
219:Systema Naturae
215:
181:
180:
179:
178:
177:
168:
159:
158:
157:
152:Description of
150:
141:
140:
126:
100:as proposed by
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1660:
1658:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1567:Tetragnathidae
1498:
1495:on 2016-03-14.
1475:(2): 192–193.
1442:
1439:on 2012-03-02.
1399:
1392:
1378:"Article 21.1"
1365:
1353:
1336:
1329:
1297:
1280:Aranei Svecici
1262:
1241:
1229:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1163:
1162:
1151:
1143:Araneus roseus
1140:
1129:
1118:
1107:
1096:
1093:Misumena vatia
1088:Araneus vatius
1069:
1068:
1057:
1046:
1040:
1029:
1018:
1007:
1001:
990:
979:
960:
959:
948:
937:
926:
915:
904:
893:
882:
871:
860:
849:
838:
827:
816:
805:
794:
783:
772:
761:
738:
737:
726:
715:
686:
685:
674:
663:
652:
641:
630:
619:
611:Araneus ovatus
608:
597:
586:
575:
564:
537:
536:
525:
514:
503:
492:
481:
470:
459:
448:
437:
426:
419:
412:
405:
394:Tetragnathidae
386:
375:
368:
367:
366:
357:
350:
349:
348:
342:Araneus ovatus
339:
332:
331:
330:
321:
314:
313:
312:
308:
307:
306:
305:
297:
294:
247:
244:
214:
211:
169:
162:
161:
160:
151:
144:
143:
142:
130:
129:
128:
127:
125:
122:
58:Aranei Svecici
28:
24:
18:Aranei Svecici
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1659:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1637:Swedish books
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1627:Carl Linnaeus
1625:
1623:
1622:Zoology books
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:Philodromidae
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1435:
1431:
1427:
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1418:
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1412:
1403:
1400:
1395:
1393:0-85301-006-4
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1379:
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1369:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1330:0-85301-006-4
1326:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1315:"Article 3.1"
1312:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:(3–5): 89–91.
1293:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1275:
1269:
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1128:
1127:
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1119:
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1111:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1077:Philodromidae
1074:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1044:
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1038:
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1520:September 9,
1518:. Retrieved
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572:Singa hamata
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1571:Theridiidae
1563:Sparassidae
1539:Linyphiidae
1535:Clubionidae
1223:determinati
1165:Chapter 8 (
1081:Sparassidae
1071:Chapter 7 (
962:Chapter 6 (
740:Chapter 5 (
694:Clubionidae
688:Chapter 4 (
549:Linyphiidae
541:Theridiidae
539:Chapter 3 (
388:Chapter 2 (
238:instead of
190:opisthosoma
1642:Monographs
1586:Categories
1575:Thomisidae
1559:Salticidae
1555:Pisauridae
1547:Nesticidae
1527:Agelenidae
1207:References
1073:Thomisidae
964:Salticidae
746:Pisauridae
690:Agelenidae
545:Nesticidae
265:Commission
77:monographs
1543:Lycosidae
1531:Araneidae
1461:Tegenaria
1415:Tegenaria
1187:Footnotes
1167:Cybaeidae
742:Lycosidae
390:Araneidae
255:in 1999.
198:arachnids
194:Opiliones
176:(plate 1)
156:(page 22)
43:The book
1489:83789938
1453:(2009).
1376:(1999).
1313:(1999).
1276:(1959).
281:Linnaeus
223:binomial
1457:Araneus
1411:Araneus
296:Species
290:Araneus
270:Araneus
236:Araneus
206:Araneus
186:prosoma
65:Swedish
1487:
1390:
1327:
278:Aranea
274:Clerck
240:Aranea
1485:S2CID
1437:(PDF)
1420:(PDF)
69:Latin
1573:and
1522:2010
1388:ISBN
1325:ISBN
188:and
67:and
1553:,
1477:doi
276:or
136:in
53:or
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63:(
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