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378:
administration in
Palestine for the discharge of all governmental functions without any external interference. As soon as that stage is reached the intervention of the Arab States, which is confined to the restoration of peace and establishment of law and order, shall be put an end to, and the sovereign State of Palestine will be competent in co-operation with the other States members of the Arab League, to take every step for the promotion of the welfare and security of its peoples and territory.
1598:
2030:
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426:"A key feature of the Arabs' plans was the complete marginalization of the Palestinians... This aptly reflected the political reality: The military defeats of April–May had rendered them insignificant. The Arab League through the first half of 1948 had consistently rejected Husseini's appeals to establish a government-in-exile... Under strong pressure from Egypt, which feared complete
595:. The Accords made no reference to the declaration of 1988 of Palestinian statehood, and marked the first political agreement between Palestinian Arab leaders and Israel. The Arab League has not made any official statements either supporting the establishment of the Palestinian Authority or condemning it. In October 1994, Jordan signed the
470:, which committed the signatories to coordination of military defense measures, and "the Arab League resolved to expel any Arab state which reached a separate economic, political or military agreement with Israel." Under pressure from the Arab League, the agreement between Israel and Jordan never came to pass. Jordan formally annexing the
369:(c) The Mandatory has already announced that on the termination of the Mandate it will no longer be responsible for the maintenance of law and order in Palestine except in the camps and areas actually occupied by its forces, and only to the extent necessary for the security of those forces and their withdrawal.
521:
According to Yaacov
Lozowick, "It was not the Palestinians themselves who decided to create the PLO after their defeat in 1948; the Arab League set it up in 1964 to attack Israel. For years, Palestinian independence was off the Arab agenda; now it was back. Inventing the PLO was a prelude to war, not
394:
An
Egyptian Ministerial order dated 1 June 1948 declared that all laws in force during the Mandate would continue to be in force in the Gaza Strip. On 8 July 1948, the Arab League decided to set up a temporary civil administration in Palestine, to be directly responsible to the Arab League. This plan
481:
In 1959, without reference to the Arab League that had created it, Gamal Abdel Nasser officially dissolved the All-Palestine
Government by decree, arguing that the All-Palestine Government had failed to successfully advance the Palestinian cause. The Gaza Strip became directly administered by Egypt.
406:
The
Egyptian government, suspicious of King Abdullah's intentions and growing power in Palestine, put a proposal to the Arab League meeting that opened in Alexandria on 6 September 1948. The plan would turn the temporary civil administration, which had been agreed to in July, into an Arab government
644:
stated: "... the Saudi step is an important one, but it is liable to founder if terrorism is not stopped. ... It is ... clear that the details of every peace plan must be discussed directly between Israel and the
Palestinians, and to make this possible, the Palestinian Authority must put an end to
377:
The Arab States recognize that the independence and sovereignty of
Palestine which was so far subject to the British Mandate has now, with the termination of the Mandate, become established in fact, and maintain that the lawful inhabitants of Palestine are alone competent and entitled to set up an
287:
reportedly said: "I personally wish that the Jews do not drive us to this war, as this will be a war of extermination and a momentous massacre which will be spoken of like the
Mongolian massacres and the Crusades". The second part of this sentence, without the caveat that he hoped to avoid war and
390:
However, despite the rhetoric Arab leaders were disunited. The
Egyptians knew of Abdullah's agreement with Meir and were determined to thwart Transjordan's territorial ambitions, "thus the Arab war plan changed in conception and essence from a united effort to conquer parts of the nascent Jewish
340:
260:. The committee was immediately recognised by the then six Arab League countries; the Mandate government recognised the new Committee two months later. However, the Committee fell apart due to infighting, and in June 1946 the Arab League imposed upon the Palestinians the
359:
10. Now that the
Mandate over Palestine has come to an end, leaving no legally constituted authority behind in order to administer law and order in the country and afford the necessary and adequate protection to life and property, the Arab States declare as
366:(b) Peace and order have been completely upset in Palestine, and, in consequence of Jewish aggression, approximately over a quarter of a million of the Arab population have been compelled to leave their homes and emigrate to neighbouring Arab countries.
386:"We are fighting for an Arab Palestine. Whatever the outcome the Arabs will stick to their offer of equal citizenship for Jews in Arab Palestine and let them be as Jewish as they like. In areas where they predominate they will have complete autonomy."
403:, and received only half-hearted support from the Arab Higher Committee. The new administration was never properly established. Another order issued on 8 August 1948 vested an Egyptian Administrator-General with the powers of the High Commissioner.
335:. The next day the seven Arab League members, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Transjordan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Yemen, coordinated a march with their forces into what the previous day had been the area of the British Mandate, marking the start of the
303:
was adopted in resolution 181(II) by the General Assembly on 29 November 1947, it was unanimously rejected by the Arab League and by all its members and by leaders of the Arab community, including the Palestinian Arab Higher Committee.
1265:
363:(a) The right to set up a Government in Palestine pertains to its inhabitants under the principles of self-determination recognized by the Covenant of the League of Nations as well as the United Nations Charter.
351:
On the occasion of the intervention of Arab States in Palestine to restore law and order and to prevent disturbances prevailing in Palestine from spreading into their territories and to check further bloodshed.
466:. During the first few months of 1950, Israel and Jordan came very close to creating a separate "five-year non-aggression agreement". However, on 13 April 1950, Arab League members signed an agreement on
271:: "Jewish products and manufactured in Palestine shall be undesirable in the Arab countries; to permit them to enter the Arab countries would lead to the realization of the Zionist political objectives.
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94:
415:
was issued on 20 September. The All-Palestine Government was established in Gaza on 22 September 1948 and was recognised by all Arab League countries except Jordan; and on 30 September a rival
2715:
1761:
1275:
1889:
1834:
564:, and Egypt was suspended from the Arab League in 1979 after signing a peace treaty with Israel and the League's headquarters was moved from Cairo. Egypt was readmitted in 1989.
522:
a result of it; the goal was to destroy Israel, not to rectify the misfortune of the Palestinians, which still could have been done by the Arab states irrespective of Israel."
2654:
2570:
1096:
848:
70:
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190:. The Arab League has not made any official statements either supporting the establishment of the Palestinian Authority or condemning it. In October 1994, Jordan signed the
1579:
174:
in September 1967. The League members also agreed to continue the state of belligerency with Israel and not to negotiate a settlement to the conflict. The signing of the
87:
63:
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was condemned, and Egypt was suspended from the Arab League in 1979, which lasted until 1989. The Arab League on 15 November 1988 recognized the proclamation of the
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in 1947. On 15 May 1948, the then seven Arab League members coordinated an invasion of what was by then the former British Mandate, marking the start of the
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was founded during this meeting on 2 June 1964. The area of activity for the PLO was clearly within the then borders of the State of Israel: the
264:, renamed as "Arab Higher Committee" in 1947, with Amin al-Husayni (then living in Egypt) as its chairman and Jamal al-Husayni as vice-chairman.
1812:
299:
The Arab League bitterly opposed any attempts to establish a Jewish state and worked strenuously to defeat any partition of Palestine. When the
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control over the Palestinians, the League Political Committee in mid-September authorized the establishment of a Palestinian 'government.'"
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At the Cairo Summit of 1964, the Arab League initiated the creation of an organisation representing the Palestinian people. The first
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2303:
1994:
1984:
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2142:
1999:
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867:
Christopher C. Joyner (1984). "The transnational boycott as economic coercion in international law: policy, place, and practice".
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with Israel, and it was not ostracized by the Arab League, as Egypt had been in 1979. In 2002, the Arab League endorsed a
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633:, but makes more demands, essentially calling for full withdrawal by Israel "to the 1967 borders" (i.e., the
653:
341:
cablegram from the Secretary-General of the League of Arab States to the UN Secretary-General on 15 May 1948
312:
716:
688:. This was the first time that an Israeli government received an official delegation from the Arab League.
261:
201:
which called for full withdrawal by Israel "to the 1967 borders" in return for fully normalized relations.
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139:
joined on 5 May 1945. Since its formation the Arab League has promoted the Palestinian Arab cause in the
120:
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17:
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state and perhaps destroy it, into a multilateral land grab focusing on the Arab areas of the country."
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terror, the horrifying expression of which we witnessed just last night in Netanya", referring to the
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475:
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On Friday, 14 May 1948, a day before the British Mandate over Palestine expired (the next day being
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1546:
The Decline of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Middle East Politics and the Quest for Regional Order
1551:
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for the whole of Palestine. The formal announcement of the Arab League's decision to form the
238:
959:
1189:
1065:
1028:
781:
766:
652:
The Arab League has since re-endorsed the Initiative on several occasions, including at the
234:
167:
2710:
1493:
1430:
1409:
1338:
1333:
944:
691:
As of 2021, only six of the twenty-two members of the Arab League have recognized Israel:
1423:
1029:
1180:"Joint Defence and Economic Co-operation Treaty Between the States of the Arab League".
1544:
1456:
1128:
761:
490:
447:
328:
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with Israel, and it was not ostracized by the Arab League, as Egypt had been in 1979.
2777:
1209:
1114:
672:—appointed by the Arab League as its representatives—met with Israeli prime minister
986:
887:
2705:
1539:
1227:
823:
641:
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588:
324:
210:
195:
183:
128:
1364:
575:, which the Arab League immediately recognized. At the time, the PLO was based in
241:
during the war. As the war ended, Amin al-Husayni escaped to Egypt, and moved to
1597:
746:
677:
673:
549:
531:
463:
163:
108:
720:
681:
561:
545:
s: "no peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel, no negotiations with it."
455:
1487:"Israel gets ´historic´ Arab visit - Envoys urge action on Palestinian state"
685:
506:
471:
443:
427:
408:
621:, which was endorsed unanimously at a summit meeting of the Arab League in
256:
as the supreme executive body of Palestinian Arabs in the territory of the
771:
505:
This Organization does not exercise any territorial sovereignty over the
1201:
712:
704:
308:
296:, after it was widely disseminated in English as anti-Arab propaganda.
242:
124:
637:) in return for fully normalized relations with the whole Arab world.
1845:
715:. Relations with Israel have deteriorated, especially after the last
696:
657:
622:
510:
332:
269:
boycott of any Jewish-owned business operating in Mandatory Palestine
246:
230:
1404:
1193:
1153:, Vol 4, by Anis F. Kassim, Kluwer Law International (1 June 1988),
1315:
Response of FM Peres to the decisions of the Arab Summit in Beirut
708:
692:
665:
576:
420:
136:
132:
112:
116:
1816:
1568:
267:
On 2 December 1945 the Arab League Council formally declared a
27:
Overview of the Arab League's role in the Arab–Israeli conflict
182:. The Palestine Liberation Organization and Israel signed the
1470:"The News International: Latest News Breaking, Pakistan News"
961:
Human rights in the Israeli-occupied territories, 1967-1982
482:
At that time, Amin al-Husayni moved from Egypt to Lebanon.
279:
According to an interview in an 11 October 1947 article of
225:, had been in exile since 1937, and spent the war years in
1031:
International history of the twentieth century and beyond
1010:"The makings of history / The blind misleading the blind"
1224:
The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East
111:
was formed in Cairo on 22 March 1945 with six members:
554:
1978 Camp David Peace Accords between Egypt and Israel
162:
to operate within the territory of Israel. During the
1424:"A Revealing Spat Between Israel and the Arab League"
1513:. www.en.baybak.com. 17 January 2009. Archived from
538:. Paragraph 3 of the resolution became known as the
288:
incorrectly dated to 15 May 1948 (the day after the
252:
In November 1945 the Arab League re-established the
2678:
2635:
2609:
2548:
2362:
2135:
2037:
1857:
1689:
1609:
382:Six days after the invasion, Azzam told reporters:
1543:
1253:"Right to Exist: A Moral Defense of Israel's Wars"
1064:
1151:Palestine Yearbook of International Law 1987–1988
1097:"Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel"
571:unilaterally proclaimed the establishment of the
315:gathered at the Tel Aviv Museum, and approved a
849:International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict
1240:Article 24 of the Palestinian National Charter
423:and promptly denounced the Gaza "government".
1828:
1580:
534:, eight leaders of Arab countries issued the
123:(renamed Jordan after independence in 1946),
88:
8:
886:Barnett, David; Karsh, Efraim (Fall 2011).
301:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
186:in 1993 which led to the setting up of the
149:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
1835:
1821:
1813:
1587:
1573:
1565:
1405:"World news and comment from the Guardian"
1266:"Essential Documents: Khartoum Resolution"
579:and did not have control over any part of
166:, the Arab League was instrumental in the
95:
81:
31:
1182:The American Journal of International Law
788:Arab–Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties
723:had suspended its relations with Israel.
18:Arab League and the Arab-Israeli conflict
1507:"Qatar, Mauritania cut ties with Israel"
1222:Oded, Eran. "Arab-Israel Peacemaking."
530:On 1 September 1967, in the wake of the
985:David Barnett and Efraim Karsh (2011).
869:Vanderbilt Journal of International Law
859:
343:, the Arab League gave reasons for the
43:
1550:. State University of New York Press.
940:
929:
640:In response, Israeli Foreign Minister
468:Joint Defense and Economic Cooperation
2789:Politics of the Arab–Israeli conflict
1365:"Haaretz - Israel News - Haaretz.com"
1099:. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
1071:. Cornell University Press. pp.
924:"Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam interview"
158:In 1964, the Arab League created the
7:
2794:Foreign relations of the Arab League
1603:Foreign relations of the Arab League
656:in March 2007. On 25 July 2007, the
1443:"Arabs push Israel for final talks"
844:List of Middle East peace proposals
591:which led to the setting up of the
290:Israeli Declaration of Independence
627:UN Security Council Resolution 242
478:was assassinated on 20 July 1951.
355:Clause 10 of the Cablegram said:-
25:
1327:Time to Test the Arab Peace Offer
834:Israeli–Palestinian peace process
585:Palestine Liberation Organization
495:Palestine Liberation Organization
160:Palestine Liberation Organization
2028:
1890:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1844:
1680:
1596:
1067:The Middle East in World Affairs
958:Cohen, Esther Rosalind (1985).
1392:"Weekend News Wrapup- 7/15/07"
1035:. London: Routledge. pp.
593:Palestinian National Authority
513:, on the Gaza Strip or in the
373:The Cablegram also declared -
331:, to be known as the State of
229:, actively collaborating with
188:Palestinian National Authority
147:. The Arab League opposed the
1:
1378:"Arab League to visit Israel"
1008:Tom Segev (21 October 2011).
819:Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace
733:Arab League boycott of Israel
339:. In the introduction to the
145:Arab League boycott of Israel
1457:"The Arab League in Israel?"
1352:"Weekend News Wrapup-7-8-07"
1271:Council on Foreign Relations
1230:. New York: Continuum, 2002.
1188:(2): 51–54. 1 January 1955.
794:Paris Peace Conference, 1919
587:(PLO) and Israel signed the
583:. On 13 September 1993, the
569:Palestinian National Council
499:Palestinian National Charter
487:Palestinian National Council
283:, the Arab League Secretary
258:British Mandate of Palestine
143:, including by imposing the
141:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
2799:Foreign relations of Israel
2753:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1851:Foreign relations of Israel
1317:28 March 2002 (Israeli MFA)
839:Arab–Israeli peace projects
560:were each condemned in the
552:'s visit to Jerusalem, the
511:Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
2815:
987:"Azzam's genocidal threat"
888:"Azzam's Genocidal Threat"
597:Israel–Jordan peace treaty
417:First Palestinian Congress
192:Israel–Jordan peace treaty
2758:International recognition
2686:Alliance of the periphery
2026:
1678:
1511:BayBek, Voice of a Nation
893:The Middle East Quarterly
814:Madrid Conference of 1991
804:1949 Armistice Agreements
799:Faisal–Weizmann Agreement
753:Black September in Jordan
567:On 15 November 1988, the
558:Egypt–Israel peace treaty
440:1949 Armistice Agreements
233:leadership. His relative
176:Egypt–Israel peace treaty
170:, which lasted until the
1429:18 November 2007 at the
413:All-Palestine Government
395:was strongly opposed by
219:Grand Mufti of Jerusalem
1332:17 January 2009 at the
1298:"Timeline: Arab League"
680:, and defense minister
625:. The plan is based on
313:Jewish People's Council
292:), became known as the
939:Cite journal requires
829:2000 Camp David Summit
647:Netanya suicide attack
2660:Arab–Israeli alliance
2655:Arab–Israeli conflict
1433:World Politics Review
1027:Best, Antony (2004).
991:Middle East Quarterly
913:Sachar, 1979, p. 333.
777:2003 invasion of Iraq
613:Arab Peace Initiative
337:1948 Arab–Israeli War
294:Azzam Pasha quotation
262:Arab Higher Executive
254:Arab Higher Committee
217:were leaderless. The
199:Arab Peace Initiative
153:1948 Arab–Israeli War
58:Views on the conflict
45:Arab–Israeli conflict
2737:Diplomatic missions
2716:United Arab Emirates
2344:United Arab Emirates
1797:United Arab Emirates
1492:16 July 2011 at the
1336:. By Scott MacLeod.
1132:, 21 May 1948, p. 3.
1113:. UN. Archived from
1111:"Links to documents"
757:Civil War in Lebanon
738:Palestinian refugees
701:United Arab Emirates
493:on 29 May 1964. The
347:of the Arab States:
245:in 1959; he died in
223:Haj Amin al-Husseini
1517:on 19 February 2017
1304:. 15 November 2011.
1170:Morris, 1999. p.222
1141:Morris, 1999. p.221
676:, foreign minister
635:1949 Armistice line
536:Khartoum Resolution
172:Khartoum Resolution
2691:Camp David Accords
1117:on 7 January 2014.
1061:Lenczowski, George
809:Camp David Accords
618:The New York Times
573:State of Palestine
474:on 24 April 1950.
180:State of Palestine
2771:
2770:
1900:Equatorial Guinea
1810:
1809:
1476:on 6 August 2007.
1342:. 8 January 2009.
1251:Yaacov Lozowick,
1082:978-0-8014-0255-5
1046:978-0-415-20739-3
971:978-0-7190-1726-1
670:Ahmed Aboul Gheit
668:foreign minister
662:Abdul Ilah Khatib
660:foreign minister
460:occupied by Egypt
321:the establishment
239:Southern Rhodesia
215:Palestinian Arabs
105:
104:
71:International law
16:(Redirected from
2806:
2591:Papua New Guinea
2566:Marshall Islands
2220:Kurdistan Region
2032:
1849:
1848:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1814:
1690:Member relations
1684:
1610:League relations
1601:
1600:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1566:
1561:
1549:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1503:
1497:
1496:United Jerusalem
1484:
1478:
1477:
1472:. Archived from
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
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1421:
1415:
1414:
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1395:
1389:
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1318:
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1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1278:on 18 April 2014
1274:. Archived from
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782:2006 Lebanon War
767:1982 Lebanon War
544:
501:of 1964 stated:
419:was convened in
249:on 4 July 1974.
237:was interned in
235:Jamal al-Husayni
97:
90:
83:
32:
21:
2814:
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2711:Abraham Accords
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1533:Further reading
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1494:Wayback Machine
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2706:Oslo Accords
2647:
2636:Multilateral
2622:Soviet Union
2617:East Germany
2304:Saudi Arabia
2286:
1995:South Africa
1985:Sierra Leone
1772:Saudi Arabia
1641:
1545:
1540:Avraham Sela
1519:. Retrieved
1515:the original
1510:
1501:
1482:
1474:the original
1464:
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1438:
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1408:
1399:
1387:
1373:
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1337:
1322:
1310:
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1292:
1280:. Retrieved
1276:the original
1269:
1260:
1252:
1247:
1235:
1228:Avraham Sela
1223:
1218:
1185:
1181:
1175:
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1123:
1115:the original
1105:
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1055:
1030:
1022:
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994:
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932:cite journal
918:
909:
897:. Retrieved
891:
881:
872:
868:
862:
824:Oslo Accords
690:
651:
642:Shimon Peres
639:
616:
609:Saudi Arabia
606:
589:Oslo Accords
566:
547:
539:
529:
520:
489:convened in
484:
480:
467:
454:, while the
446:, including
437:
425:
405:
393:
389:
381:
372:
354:
345:intervention
344:
329:Eretz Israel
325:Jewish state
317:proclamation
316:
306:
298:
280:
278:
266:
251:
211:World War II
208:
184:Oslo Accords
157:
129:Saudi Arabia
106:
29:
2784:Arab League
2648:Arab League
2581:New Zealand
2530:Switzerland
2480:Netherlands
2314:South Korea
2294:Philippines
2272:North Korea
2143:Afghanistan
2000:South Sudan
997:(4): 85–88.
747:Suez Crisis
678:Tzipi Livni
674:Ehud Olmert
550:Anwar Sadat
532:Six-Day War
515:Himmah Area
464:Six-Day War
401:Transjordan
285:Azzam Pasha
168:oil embargo
164:Six-Day War
121:Transjordan
109:Arab League
2778:Categories
2763:Legitimacy
2643:Arab world
2627:Yugoslavia
2571:Micronesia
2510:San Marino
2465:Luxembourg
2237:Kazakhstan
2190:East Timor
2163:Bangladesh
2153:Azerbaijan
1990:Somaliland
1980:Seychelles
1945:Mauritania
1747:Mauritania
1446:Al Jazeera
1381:Al Jazeera
1282:8 November
855:References
721:Mauritania
682:Ehud Barak
603:After 2000
562:Arab World
548:President
456:Gaza Strip
319:declaring
2746:in Israel
2741:of Israel
2679:Diplomacy
2556:Australia
2460:Lithuania
2319:Sri Lanka
2309:Singapore
2288:Palestine
2205:Indonesia
2183:Hong Kong
2127:Venezuela
2045:Argentina
1950:Mauritius
1762:Palestine
1210:246007073
899:6 January
686:Jerusalem
658:Jordanian
607:In 2002,
581:Palestine
526:1967–2000
507:West Bank
472:West Bank
444:West Bank
434:1949–1967
428:Hashemite
2430:Holy See
2334:Thailand
2282:Pakistan
2257:Maldives
2252:Malaysia
2173:Cambodia
2115:military
2100:Paraguay
2075:Colombia
2050:Barbados
2038:Americas
2020:Zimbabwe
1910:Ethiopia
1880:Cameroon
1875:Botswana
1712:Djibouti
1657:Pakistan
1542:(1998).
1490:Archived
1427:Archived
1330:Archived
1302:BBC News
1063:(1962).
772:Gulf War
727:See also
719:, where
717:Gaza War
666:Egyptian
556:and the
540:Three No
360:follows:
37:a series
35:Part of
2733:Morocco
2721:Bahrain
2549:Oceania
2535:Ukraine
2500:Romania
2445:Ireland
2440:Iceland
2435:Hungary
2420:Germany
2410:Finland
2405:Denmark
2390:Croatia
2385:Belgium
2380:Belarus
2375:Austria
2370:Albania
2349:Vietnam
2262:Myanmar
2247:Lebanon
2195:Georgia
2158:Bahrain
2148:Armenia
2122:Uruguay
2055:Bolivia
2010:Tunisia
1970:Nigeria
1960:Namibia
1955:Morocco
1930:Liberia
1905:Eritrea
1865:Algeria
1792:Tunisia
1777:Somalia
1752:Morocco
1737:Lebanon
1707:Comoros
1702:Bahrain
1697:Algeria
1627:Eritrea
1521:23 June
1242:of 1964
1226:. Ed.
1202:2213907
1161:, p 294
1014:Haaretz
713:Morocco
705:Bahrain
509:in the
311:), the
309:Shabbat
275:1948–49
243:Lebanon
205:1945–48
125:Lebanon
52:History
2701:Jordan
2525:Sweden
2515:Serbia
2505:Russia
2495:Poland
2490:Norway
2475:Monaco
2455:Kosovo
2425:Greece
2415:France
2395:Cyprus
2363:Europe
2339:Turkey
2329:Taiwan
2242:Kuwait
2232:Jordan
2168:Bhutan
2095:Panama
2090:Mexico
2065:Canada
2060:Brazil
2015:Uganda
1975:Rwanda
1940:Malawi
1920:Guinea
1870:Angola
1858:Africa
1732:Kuwait
1727:Jordan
1667:Turkey
1642:Israel
1554:
1208:
1200:
1157:
1079:
1043:
968:
697:Jordan
623:Beirut
442:, the
333:Israel
247:Beirut
131:, and
39:on the
2728:Sudan
2696:Egypt
2601:Tonga
2596:Samoa
2586:Palau
2576:Nauru
2520:Spain
2470:Malta
2450:Italy
2354:Yemen
2324:Syria
2299:Qatar
2267:Nepal
2227:Japan
2200:India
2178:China
2085:Haiti
2070:Chile
2005:Sudan
1965:Niger
1935:Libya
1925:Kenya
1915:Ghana
1895:Egypt
1802:Yemen
1787:Syria
1782:Sudan
1767:Qatar
1742:Libya
1717:Egypt
1662:Sudan
1647:Japan
1622:Egypt
1617:China
1206:S2CID
1198:JSTOR
751:1970
711:and
709:Sudan
693:Egypt
577:Tunis
543:'
450:were
421:Amman
323:of a
137:Yemen
133:Syria
113:Egypt
2561:Fiji
2277:Oman
2215:Iraq
2210:Iran
2136:Asia
2105:Peru
2080:Cuba
1885:Chad
1757:Oman
1722:Iraq
1637:Iran
1552:ISBN
1523:2012
1339:Time
1284:2009
1155:ISBN
1077:ISBN
1041:ISBN
966:ISBN
945:help
901:2012
755:and
740:and
664:and
629:and
458:was
409:Gaza
231:Nazi
117:Iraq
107:The
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1037:120
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