2465:
6434:
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2451:
2414:
The phenomenon of writing Arabic with these improvised chat alphabets has drawn sharp rebuke from a number of different segments of Arabic-speaking communities. While educators and members of the intelligentsia mourn the deterioration and degradation of the standard, literary, academic language,
260:)—note the choice of a visually similar character, with the numeral resembling a mirrored version of the Arabic letter. Many users of mobile phones and computers use Arabish even though their system is capable of displaying Arabic script. This may be due to a lack of an appropriate
359:
Those letters that do not have a close phonetic approximation in the Latin script are often expressed using numerals or other characters, so that the numeral graphically approximates the Arabic letter that one would otherwise use (e.g.
2815:
R. Eskander, M. Al-Badrashiny, N. Habash, O. Rambow
Foreign words and the automatic processing of Arabic social media text written in Roman script Proceedings of the First Workshop on Computational Approaches to Code Switching
2004:
that are typically unorthodox in other languages. These clusters represents the deletion of short vowels and the syllabification of medial consonants in the phonology of Darija, a feature shared with and derived from
2865:
379:
Since many letters are distinguished from others solely by a dot above or below the main portion of the character, the transliterations of these letters frequently use the same letter or number with an
236:. As a result, Arabic-speaking users frequently transliterate Arabic text into Latin script when using these technologies to communicate. To handle those Arabic letters that do not have an approximate
196:). Add-ons for Mozilla Firefox and Chrome also exist (Panlatin and ARABEASY Keyboard ). The Arabic chat alphabet is never used in formal settings and is rarely, if ever, used for long communications.
316:
Most of the characters in the system make use of the Latin character (as used in
English and French) that best approximates phonetically the Arabic letter that one would otherwise use (for example,
2916:
2750:
2825:
Aula
Khatteb Abu-Liel, Zohar Eviatar & Bracha Nir (2019) Writing between languages: the case of Arabizi, Writing Systems Research, 11:2, 226-238, DOI: 10.1080/17586801.2020.1814482
3136:
2328:
Oh, God, I missed you a lot, man! How are you? Thank God. So I want to go to that one place near the Nile, the place near your very house! I'll wait for you at the bridge. deal??
240:
equivalent in the Latin script, numerals and other characters were appropriated known as "code switching". For example, the numeral "3" is used to represent the Arabic letter
313:
Because of the informal nature of this system, there is no single "correct" or "official" usage. There may be some overlap in the way various letters are transliterated.
6476:
2318:
wallahi moshtag lik shadid ya zol kefak inta? ana alhamdolillah konta dayir amshi le al ma7al dak gamb al nil, al makan garib men betak. 7astanak fi al kubri. htafakna
2389:
Oh, hey, my brother. How are you? Good. I am going to that supermarket in downtown N'Djamena, so if you want to come, hurry and come with me, my brother!
1737:
of the dominant
European language in the area—typically the language of the former colonists. Below are some examples of Arabic chat alphabet varieties.
4839:
3208:
707:
2924:
2758:
180:
Because of their widespread use, including in public advertisements by large multinational companies, large players in the online industry like
4890:
3259:
1057:
6469:
2800:
2619:
1159:
2938:
1052:
2304:والله مشتاق ليك شديد يا زول كيفك إنتا؟ انا الحمدلله اكنت داير امشى المحل داك جمب النيل، المكان قريب من بيتك. حاستناك فى الكبرى اتفقنا؟.
5433:
3802:
3119:
3059:
3011:
2716:
2379:
Boh yakhi, inta afé? Wallah semeh, ana maché lê supermarché dik bi ousut n'djamena lô tidoura tamshi yani, ta'al maa'ai yalla yakhi.
3109:
6462:
2839:
2229:
1644:
1512:
1445:
1294:
1269:
1032:
777:
2234:(as in English "chip"). Where this palatalization appears in other dialects, the Arabic letter is typically respelled to either
6619:
6080:
4449:
1862:
1225:
1203:
962:
447:
408:
232:. Most of these technologies originally permitted the use of the Latin script only, and some still lack support for displaying
5607:
4873:
3976:
3242:
2094:
1990:
607:
462:
3049:
2893:
Dua'a Abu Elhija (2014), "A new writing system? Developing orthographies for writing Arabic dialects in electronic media",
6614:
6055:
4832:
4424:
3201:
2223:
1471:
1459:
1374:
1264:
572:
567:
5372:
4923:
3741:
3292:
2431:
youth, from
Morocco to Iraq, to incorporate former colonial languages—especially English and French—into Arabic through
1317:
1164:
967:
757:
542:
522:
110:—though use is not necessarily restricted by age anymore and these chat alphabets have been used in other media such as
1661:
1415:
1198:
1117:
912:
3163:
Egyptian
Romanized Arabic: A Study of Selected Features from Communication Among Egyptian Youth on Facebook (Thesis)
2781:"Natural Language Processing Based Approach to Overcome Arabizi and Code Switching in Social Media Moroccan Dialect"
2600:"Natural Language Processing Based Approach to Overcome Arabizi and Code Switching in Social Media Moroccan Dialect"
161:. These Arabic chat alphabets also differ from each other, as each is influenced by the particular phonology of the
6609:
6016:
5495:
4385:
3864:
1244:
1193:
637:
612:
547:
512:
492:
452:
169:
of the dominant
European language in the area—typically the language of the former colonists, and typically either
79:
5769:
5759:
5736:
4138:
4128:
4105:
2787:. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Vol. 357. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 57–66.
2606:. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Vol. 357. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 57–66.
737:
682:
632:
457:
3038:
International
Journal of Arabic Linguistics, 2018, Arabic-Amazigh contact, 4 (1), pp.39-58. ffhalshs-01798660v2f
6604:
6437:
6345:
5827:
4825:
4806:
4714:
4196:
3194:
1875:
1868:
1604:
1169:
987:
582:
517:
373:
126:
2840:"Egyptian Romanized Arabic: A Study of Selected Features from Communication Among Egyptian Youth on Facebook"
6624:
5894:
5592:
5535:
4938:
4263:
3961:
3904:
3307:
3161:
1022:
942:
917:
687:
657:
487:
467:
95:
2955:"Moroccan Arabizi-to-Arabic conversion using rule-based transliteration and weighted Levenshtein algorithm"
2637:"Moroccan Arabizi-to-Arabic conversion using rule-based transliteration and weighted Levenshtein algorithm"
290:
or alternate character sets. Thus, the Arabic chat alphabet has become commonplace. It can be seen even in
5700:
5660:
5585:
5580:
5344:
4880:
4069:
4029:
3954:
3949:
3713:
3249:
2504:
2499:
2409:
1797:
1729:
Each of the different varieties of Arabic chat alphabets is influenced by the particular phonology of the
1628:
1586:
1421:
1208:
1140:
1122:
937:
577:
118:
67:
2783:. In Maleh, Yassine; Alazab, Mamoun; Gherabi, Noreddine; Tawalbeh, Lo’ai; Abd El-Latif, Ahmed A. (eds.).
2602:. In Maleh, Yassine; Alazab, Mamoun; Gherabi, Noreddine; Tawalbeh, Lo’ai; Abd El-Latif, Ahmed A. (eds.).
2365:بوه ياخي، إنت عفة؟ ولله سمح أنا ماشي لسوبرمارشة ديك بي وسط نجامينا لو تدور تمشي يعني، تعال معاي يلا ياخي.
6426:
6259:
6211:
6021:
6003:
5996:
5986:
5981:
5973:
5793:
5528:
5500:
5490:
5294:
4918:
4795:
4628:
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4390:
4372:
4365:
4355:
4350:
4342:
4162:
3897:
3869:
3859:
3663:
3287:
1801:
1714:
1097:
1077:
1002:
712:
662:
217:
2954:
2953:
Hajbi, Soufiane; Amezian, Omayma; Moukhi, Nawfal El; Korchiyne, Redouan; Chihab, Younes (2024-03-01).
2921:- Help or Harm? Analysis of the Impacts of Arabizi -threat or Benefit to the Written Arabic Language?"
2636:
2635:
Hajbi, Soufiane; Amezian, Omayma; Moukhi, Nawfal El; Korchiyne, Redouan; Chihab, Younes (2024-03-01).
2464:
332:
in the pronunciation of an Arabic letter can also produce some variation in its transliteration (e.g.
6162:
5922:
5842:
5322:
4531:
4291:
4211:
3691:
2966:
2648:
2227:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1687:
1659:
1642:
1602:
1584:
1510:
1479:
1477:
1469:
1457:
1443:
1413:
1343:
1274:
1027:
997:
587:
193:
204:
During the last decades of the 20th century, Western text-based communication technologies, such as
6562:
6221:
6031:
5904:
5727:
5278:
5192:
4590:
4400:
4273:
4096:
3647:
3561:
2489:
1766:
1730:
329:
221:
162:
154:
71:
6389:
6075:
5991:
5788:
5713:
4758:
4444:
4360:
4157:
4082:
2248:
2219:
1974:
1909:
83:
2780:
2599:
2345:
3035:
6136:
5889:
5809:
5749:
5512:
5419:
5404:
5315:
4977:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4505:
4258:
4178:
4118:
3881:
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3773:
3684:
3346:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3115:
3055:
3017:
3007:
2984:
2796:
2712:
2666:
2615:
2001:
1465:
887:
882:
857:
852:
827:
822:
797:
717:
225:
2704:
305:, there is now "a high degree of normativization or standardisation in Arabizi orthography."
6552:
6299:
6157:
5955:
5936:
5899:
5778:
5708:
5651:
5636:
5563:
5409:
5394:
5339:
5301:
5005:
4948:
4908:
4668:
4526:
4324:
4305:
4268:
4147:
4077:
4020:
4005:
3932:
3778:
3763:
3708:
3670:
3374:
3317:
3277:
3088:
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2898:
2872:
2788:
2656:
2607:
2543:
2518:
2494:
2456:
2420:
2006:
1921:
1901:
1507:
345:
189:
174:
2732:
6340:
6269:
6206:
6200:
6069:
5944:
5884:
5744:
5688:
5673:
5668:
5641:
5631:
5575:
5548:
5523:
5458:
5452:
5438:
5424:
5381:
5363:
4963:
4953:
4933:
4868:
4709:
4638:
4575:
4569:
4438:
4313:
4253:
4113:
4057:
4042:
4037:
4010:
4000:
3944:
3917:
3892:
3827:
3821:
3807:
3793:
3750:
3732:
3332:
3322:
3302:
3237:
2484:
2470:
2295:
2150:
2049:
2015:
1997:
1982:
1978:
1905:
1814:
1770:
1387:
1379:
353:
272:
261:
170:
158:
122:
91:
2222:
variant pronunciations of the letter in one of its subdialects, in which it is sometimes
2970:
2652:
6599:
6567:
6485:
6420:
6350:
6284:
6189:
5963:
5852:
5847:
5832:
5817:
5783:
5568:
4943:
4885:
4789:
4719:
4653:
4558:
4332:
4221:
4216:
4201:
4186:
4152:
3937:
3312:
3254:
2538:
2432:
2424:
2356:
209:
205:
5167:
5077:
5050:
3536:
3446:
3419:
2439:, and this raises concerns regarding the preservation of the quality of the language.
130:
6593:
6578:
6382:
6377:
6363:
6309:
6244:
6226:
6112:
6097:
6091:
6060:
5879:
5874:
5859:
5822:
5683:
5678:
5602:
5558:
5414:
5388:
5129:
5120:
4913:
4900:
4751:
4746:
4732:
4678:
4613:
4595:
4481:
4466:
4460:
4429:
4248:
4243:
4228:
4191:
4052:
4047:
3971:
3927:
3783:
3757:
3498:
3489:
3282:
3269:
2436:
1913:
279:
233:
75:
2705:""A Funky Language for Teenz to Use": Representing Gulf Arabic in Instant Messaging"
1808:, the numeral 2 can represent either a Hamza or a qāf pronounced as a glottal stop.
17:
6572:
6355:
6314:
6254:
6234:
6194:
6107:
6102:
5869:
5864:
5754:
5477:
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5255:
5237:
5030:
4724:
4683:
4623:
4603:
4563:
4476:
4471:
4238:
4233:
4123:
3846:
3832:
3624:
3606:
3399:
3036:
The
Amazigh influence on Moroccan Arabic: Phonological and morphological borrowing.
2779:
Hajbi, Soufiane; Chihab, Younes; Ed-Dali, Rachid; Korchiyne, Redouan (2022-01-12).
2598:
Hajbi, Soufiane; Chihab, Younes; Ed-Dali, Rachid; Korchiyne, Redouan (2022-01-12).
2341:
2205:
2160:
1966:
1785:
1762:
1689:
1439:
1370:
1366:
992:
892:
862:
832:
802:
427:
107:
87:
6179:
4548:
2584:
2902:
2866:"Writing Arabizi: Orthographic Variation in Romanized Lebanese Arabic on Twitter"
6512:
6249:
6141:
6085:
5837:
5246:
4998:
4618:
4510:
4454:
4206:
3615:
3367:
2979:
2792:
2661:
2611:
2416:
2104:
1734:
1489:
1401:
291:
166:
111:
5149:
5095:
3518:
3464:
2450:
140:
6557:
6532:
6517:
5399:
5308:
3768:
3677:
2446:
2428:
381:
229:
3021:
2988:
2670:
6527:
6522:
6507:
6304:
4673:
3173:
2534:
2514:
1527:
Depending on the region, different letters may be used for the same phoneme.
1485:
287:
237:
185:
3093:
2435:
or as a form of slang. These improvised chat alphabets are used to replace
1666:
rarely spelled ⟨a⟩ as names are commonly transcribed in official documents.
6454:
6180:
5265:
5256:
5247:
5238:
5229:
5220:
5211:
5202:
5193:
5184:
5175:
5165:
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5139:
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5112:
5103:
5093:
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5067:
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5040:
5031:
5022:
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3634:
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3607:
3598:
3589:
3580:
3571:
3562:
3553:
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3534:
3526:
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3508:
3499:
3490:
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3472:
3462:
3454:
3444:
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3427:
3417:
3409:
3400:
3391:
254:
6289:
6279:
6172:
4982:
4658:
4648:
4541:
3351:
2479:
302:
99:
1996:
One of the characteristics of Franco-Arabic as it is used to transcribe
6537:
6324:
4988:
4693:
3357:
2509:
2078:
1986:
1641:
Used in a
Palestinian dialect where the letter is sometimes pronounced
1503:
1424:. It is the more traditional way of spelling the letter for both cases.
2876:
2709:
The Multilingual Internet: Language, Culture, and Communication Online
2566:
188:
have introduced tools that convert text written in Arabish to Arabic (
6547:
6239:
6167:
5219:
4863:
4848:
4608:
4536:
3588:
3232:
3217:
2401:
2074:
295:
269:
265:
181:
335:
3076:
2940:
Rudimentos del árabe vulgar que se habla en el Imperio de Marruecos
2880:
6319:
6274:
6264:
5183:
5138:
5111:
5084:
5057:
5021:
4993:
4817:
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4643:
4633:
3552:
3507:
3480:
3453:
3426:
3390:
3362:
3186:
2686:
Yaghan, M. (2008). "Araby: A Contemporary Style of Arabic Slang".
2528:
2405:
2082:
1793:
1789:
415:
213:
150:
94:. These informal chat alphabets were originally used primarily by
2546:, a related standardized Semitic language written in Latin script
2181:
301:
According to one 2020 paper based on a survey done in and around
286:, are often run on systems or over protocols that do not support
6542:
6502:
6294:
5264:
5210:
5201:
5174:
5156:
5102:
5066:
4663:
3633:
3579:
3570:
3543:
3525:
3471:
3435:
2523:
2210:
2086:
1970:
1781:
1777:
1758:
1435:
1407:
1362:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1306:
1303:
1283:
1253:
1233:
1178:
1148:
1130:
1106:
1086:
1066:
1041:
1011:
976:
951:
926:
901:
871:
841:
811:
786:
766:
746:
726:
696:
671:
646:
621:
596:
556:
531:
501:
476:
436:
391:
363:
319:
283:
245:
98:
in very informal settings—especially for communicating over the
6458:
4821:
3190:
3177:
5228:
5039:
3597:
3408:
2090:
103:
2316:
2269:
2036:
1853:
1846:
3111:
Handbook of Language and Communication: Diversity and Change
2833:
2831:
2377:
2585:"Purists alarmed at increasing popularity of Franco-Arabic"
2427:. Arabic chat alphabets emerged amid a growing trend among
117:
These chat alphabets differ from more formal and academic
2423:, view the Arabic Chat Alphabet as a detrimental form of
2167:
2125:
1753:
1747:
3077:"The lexical borrowing in Palestinian colloquial Arabic"
2785:
Advances in Information, Communication and Cybersecurity
2604:
Advances in Information, Communication and Cybersecurity
153:), and in that what is being transcribed is an informal
3108:
Hellinger, Marlis; Pauwels, Anne (September 25, 2008).
1876:[elˈɡæwweˈʕæːmelˈe(ːhe)nnɑˈhɑɾdɑfeskendeˈɾejjæ]
2255:
1869:[ænæˈɾɑˑjeħelˈɡæmʕæ(ʔe)sˈsæːʕætæˈlæːtælˈʕɑsˤɾ]
1450:. However, it is most often transcribed as if it were
264:, or because users are already more familiar with the
2302:
2022:
1832:
1821:
2363:
1942:
6398:
6333:
6220:
6150:
6129:
6054:
5972:
5954:
5915:
5808:
5768:
5735:
5726:
5699:
5659:
5650:
5624:
5511:
5371:
5362:
5353:
5332:
5286:
5277:
5014:
4899:
4856:
4767:
4702:
4589:
4519:
4498:
4423:
4341:
4323:
4284:
4177:
4137:
4104:
4095:
4068:
4028:
4019:
3993:
3880:
3740:
3731:
3722:
3701:
3655:
3646:
3383:
3268:
3225:
1796:) in Metropolitan (Cairene) Egyptian Arabic—unlike
2698:
2696:
282:systems, such as IRC, bulletin board systems, and
2111:
1985:. French became the primary European language in
2923:. Ohio, US: University of Dayton. Archived from
1456:. In Egypt, it is instead used for transcribing
149:) that do not exist in the basic Latin script (
3048:Conder, Claude Reignier (September 21, 2018).
2751:"ARABEASY Keyboard type Arabic in English IME"
2707:. In Danet, Brenda; Herring, Susan C. (eds.).
2703:Palfreyman, David; Muhamed, Al Khalil (2007).
2578:
2576:
6470:
4833:
3202:
2531:, a tool for real time Arabic transliteration
8:
1928:
1451:
1405:
1378:are most likely to be used in regions where
389:
361:
333:
317:
243:
144:
134:
61:
2711:. Oxford University Press. pp. 43–64.
2567:"Arabizi is destroying the Arabic language"
2271:b7'air allah eysallemch .. sh7aalech enty??
2137:How are you? What are you doing right now?
6477:
6463:
6455:
5732:
5656:
5368:
5359:
5283:
4840:
4826:
4818:
4101:
4025:
3737:
3728:
3652:
3209:
3195:
3187:
3174:
2200:Palestinian Bedouin/Triangle Region Arabic
129:instead of diacritics for letters such as
3092:
2978:
2660:
372:because the latter looks like a vertical
3006:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
2682:
2680:
2352:
2291:
2244:
2156:
2100:
2073:Spoken along the Persian Gulf coasts of
2011:
1954:How is your health, what are you doing?
1917:
1889:How is the weather today in Alexandria?
1855:el gaw 3amel eh elnaharda f eskendereya?
1810:
1412:(without dots), representing both final
1215:
398:
2915:Abdurazag Ahmed Saide (December 2019).
2557:
1537:The dollar sign is only used in Jordan.
1476:). In Israel, it is used to transcribe
2838:Bjørnsson, Jan Arild (November 2010).
1874:
1867:
3075:Hijjo, Nael F. M. (August 25, 2014).
2871:. The University of Texas at Austin.
2410:Modern Standard Arabic § History
2060:How are you doing with your studies?
2048:
1848:ana raye7 el gam3a el sa3a 3 el 3asr.
228:became increasingly prevalent in the
7:
3135:جناحي, نجوى عبداللطيف (2018-01-06).
2583:Al-Fawaz, Nadia (26 December 2014).
2364:
2303:
2281:Fine, God bless you. How about you?
2256:
2193:Who are you blaming, my heart, who?
2168:
2112:
2023:
1833:
1822:
1382:is the primary non-Arabic language.
1929:
1834:الجو عامل ايه النهارده فى إسكندريه؟
1452:
1406:
390:
362:
334:
318:
244:
145:
135:
6425:Languages between parentheses are
4794:Languages between parentheses are
25:
2864:Sullivan, Natalie (May 4, 2017).
2415:conservative Muslims, as well as
2183:3alayman ya galb ti3tib 3alayman?
1442:, this may be used to transcribe
1342:
1316:
1293:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1243:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1116:
1096:
1076:
1056:
1051:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
966:
961:
941:
936:
916:
911:
891:
886:
881:
861:
856:
851:
831:
826:
821:
801:
796:
776:
756:
736:
716:
711:
706:
686:
681:
661:
656:
636:
631:
611:
606:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
546:
541:
521:
516:
511:
491:
486:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
426:
368:is represented using the numeral
6433:
6432:
4802:
4801:
2463:
2449:
2127:shlonik? Shnu ga3d tsawe al7een?
1627:are used for the pronunciations
2565:Ghanem, Renad (20 April 2011).
1944:keef so7tak, shu 2a3ed bte3mal?
1823:انا رايح الجامعه الساعه 3 العصر
6429:of the language on their left.
4798:of the language on their left.
3002:Miller, Susan Gilson. (2013).
1973:demonstrates the influence of
1765:demonstrates the influence of
1:
6563:Padonkaffsky jargon (Russian)
3160:Bjørnsson, Jan Arild (2010).
3097:– via www.academia.edu.
2050:[kifæʃdæjərfləqrˤɑja]
1886:I'm going to college at 3 pm.
1784:) is usually pronounced as a
384:added before or after (e.g. '
6548:Lolspeak / LOLspeak / Kitteh
4924:Ancient South Arabian script
4891:Influence on other languages
3293:Ancient South Arabian script
3260:Influence on other languages
2943:, Madrid 1872, S. 5, 26, 95.
2903:10.1080/17586801.2013.868334
2378:
2317:
2270:
2182:
2126:
2037:
1854:
1847:
6181:
5266:
5257:
5248:
5239:
5230:
5221:
5212:
5203:
5194:
5185:
5176:
5166:
5158:
5148:
5140:
5131:
5122:
5113:
5104:
5094:
5086:
5076:
5068:
5059:
5049:
5041:
5032:
5023:
4964:
4550:
3635:
3626:
3617:
3608:
3599:
3590:
3581:
3572:
3563:
3554:
3545:
3535:
3527:
3517:
3509:
3500:
3491:
3482:
3473:
3463:
3455:
3445:
3437:
3428:
3418:
3410:
3401:
3392:
3333:
3004:A history of modern Morocco
2980:10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02073
2793:10.1007/978-3-030-91738-8_6
2662:10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02073
2612:10.1007/978-3-030-91738-8_6
2257:بخير الله إيسلمك شحالك إنتي
2113:شلونك؟ شنو قاعد تسوي الحين؟
1943:
1699:
1681:
1671:
1654:
1636:
1614:
1596:
1404:, the final form is always
340:might be transliterated as
255:
206:mobile phone text messaging
6641:
6553:Martian language (Chinese)
3081:Issues in Language Studies
2537:, a similar phenomenon in
2399:
1899:
1733:being transcribed and the
1574:
1556:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1497:
1429:
1395:
1356:
262:keyboard layout for Arabic
165:being transcribed and the
121:systems, in that they use
6493:
6412:
6405:Islam and Arabic language
4781:
4774:Islam and Arabic language
3184:
3179:Links to related articles
3124:– via Google Books.
3064:– via Google Books.
3054:. BoD – Books on Demand.
2239:
2235:
2209:
2169:عليمن يا گلُب تعتب عليمن؟
1804:. Therefore, in Egyptian
1800:in which it represents a
1776:Additionally, the letter
1704:Used where pronounced as
1686:Used where pronounced as
1551:is also found in Morocco.
1325:
1302:
1282:
1252:
1232:
1183:
1177:
1147:
1129:
1105:
1085:
1065:
1040:
1010:
975:
950:
925:
900:
870:
840:
810:
785:
765:
745:
725:
695:
670:
645:
620:
595:
555:
530:
500:
475:
435:
416:
27:Romanized Arabic alphabet
6346:Arabic script in Unicode
6081:Jordanian Bengali Pidgin
5441:(North-Eastern Tunisian)
4715:Arabic script in Unicode
4450:Jordanian Bengali Pidgin
3810:(North-Eastern Tunisian)
2895:Writing Systems Research
2362:
2301:
2254:
2166:
2110:
2021:
2000:is the presence of long
1930:كيف صحتك، شو قاعد بتعمل؟
1927:
1831:
1820:
5608:Western Egyptian Bedawi
3977:Western Egyptian Bedawi
3137:"لنهجر لغة "العربيزي"!"
2406:Islam § Scriptures
2218:) indicates one of the
1977:on the romanization of
1769:on the romanization of
1569:may be used in Lebanon.
1438:, and sometimes in the
96:youth in the Arab world
70:alphabets for informal
6620:Romanization of Arabic
6579:Yaminjeongeum (Korean)
3094:10.33736/ils.1661.2014
3051:Tent Work in Palestine
2505:Romanization of Syriac
2500:Arabic transliteration
2038:kifach dayer fle9raya?
1601:Less common forms for
1386:is especially used in
218:bulletin board systems
119:Arabic transliteration
86:into a combination of
62:
6538:Jejemon (Philippines)
6212:Quranic Arabic Corpus
4919:Ancient North Arabian
4581:Quranic Arabic Corpus
3288:Ancient North Arabian
3169:. University of Oslo.
3114:. Walter de Gruyter.
2517:, the same idea with
2374:Arabic transcription
2313:Arabic transcription
2266:Arabic transcription
2178:Arabic transcription
2122:Arabic transcription
2033:Arabic transcription
1939:Arabic transcription
1843:Arabic transcription
1802:voiceless uvular stop
1222:Arabic chat alphabet
405:Arabic chat alphabet
388:is used to represent
6615:Nonstandard spelling
6558:Miguxês (Portuguese)
6163:Sun and moon letters
5323:Pre-classical Arabic
4532:Sun and moon letters
3692:Pre-classical Arabic
2845:. University of Oslo
2402:Arabic § Spread
2095:eastern Saudi Arabia
2024:كيفاش داير فالقراية؟
1745:The frequent use of
1676:Used in the Maghreb.
1488:) or "چيميل يافيت" (
1484:, as in "ﺭﻣﺎت ﭼﺎﻥ" (
352:by a speaker of the
344:by a speaker of the
194:Microsoft Translator
32:Arabic chat alphabet
18:Arabic Chat Alphabet
6523:Fingilish (Persian)
6017:Judeo-Tripolitanian
5496:Judeo-Tripolitanian
4386:Judeo-Tripolitanian
3865:Judeo-Tripolitanian
3034:Mohamed Lahrouchi.
2971:2024SciAf..2302073H
2937:José de Lerchundi:
2653:2024SciAf..2302073H
2490:Varieties of Arabic
1767:English orthography
1219:Additional letters
330:Regional variations
6533:Gyaru-moji (Japan)
6390:MacArabic encoding
4759:MacArabic encoding
2959:Scientific African
2641:Scientific African
2249:Palestinian Arabic
2220:Palestinian Arabic
2002:consonant clusters
1991:French colonialism
1975:French orthography
1910:Palestinian Arabic
6610:Instant messaging
6587:
6586:
6452:
6451:
6446:
6445:
6421:extinct languages
6360:MS-DOS codepages
6125:
6124:
6121:
6120:
5804:
5803:
5722:
5721:
5620:
5619:
5316:Old Hijazi Arabic
4815:
4814:
4790:extinct languages
4729:MS-DOS codepages
4494:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4173:
4172:
4091:
4090:
3989:
3988:
3685:Old Hijazi Arabic
2802:978-3-030-91738-8
2621:978-3-030-91738-8
2421:Arab nationalists
2393:
2392:
2332:
2331:
2285:
2284:
2197:
2196:
2141:
2140:
2064:
2063:
2007:Amazigh languages
1958:
1957:
1893:
1892:
1506:to transliterate
1350:
1349:
1214:
1213:
1189:y i ee ei ai a é
346:Levantine dialect
226:instant messaging
16:(Redirected from
6632:
6575:(used in phones)
6503:Alay (Indonesia)
6479:
6472:
6465:
6456:
6436:
6435:
6184:
5733:
5657:
5593:Western Algerian
5540:Eastern Algerian
5536:Algerian Saharan
5466:(Lesser Kabylia)
5369:
5360:
5302:Nabataean Arabic
5284:
5269:
5260:
5251:
5242:
5233:
5224:
5215:
5206:
5197:
5188:
5179:
5171:
5161:
5153:
5143:
5134:
5125:
5116:
5107:
5099:
5089:
5081:
5071:
5062:
5054:
5044:
5035:
5026:
5006:Maltese alphabet
4969:
4949:Algerian Braille
4939:Eastern numerals
4909:Nabataean script
4842:
4835:
4828:
4819:
4805:
4804:
4553:
4102:
4026:
3962:Western Algerian
3909:Eastern Algerian
3905:Algerian Saharan
3835:(Lesser Kabylia)
3738:
3729:
3671:Nabataean Arabic
3653:
3638:
3629:
3620:
3611:
3602:
3593:
3584:
3575:
3566:
3557:
3548:
3540:
3530:
3522:
3512:
3503:
3494:
3485:
3476:
3468:
3458:
3450:
3440:
3431:
3423:
3413:
3404:
3395:
3375:Maltese alphabet
3338:
3318:Algerian Braille
3308:Eastern numerals
3278:Nabataean script
3211:
3204:
3197:
3188:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3045:
3039:
3032:
3026:
3025:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2982:
2950:
2944:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2927:on Jul 23, 2023.
2912:
2906:
2897:, 6:2, 190-214,
2891:
2885:
2884:
2883:on Jun 17, 2022.
2879:. Archived from
2870:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2844:
2835:
2826:
2823:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2757:. Archived from
2755:Chrome Web Store
2747:
2741:
2740:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2700:
2691:
2684:
2675:
2674:
2664:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2580:
2571:
2570:
2562:
2495:Arabic phonology
2473:
2468:
2467:
2459:
2457:Languages portal
2454:
2453:
2381:
2367:
2366:
2353:
2320:
2306:
2305:
2292:
2273:
2259:
2258:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2213:
2185:
2171:
2170:
2157:
2129:
2115:
2114:
2101:
2052:
2040:
2026:
2025:
2012:
1946:
1932:
1931:
1922:Levantine Arabic
1918:
1902:Jordanian Arabic
1896:Levantine Arabic
1878:
1871:
1857:
1850:
1836:
1835:
1825:
1824:
1811:
1718:
1711:
1703:
1693:
1685:
1675:
1665:
1658:
1648:
1640:
1630:
1618:
1608:
1600:
1591:only in Lebanon.
1590:
1578:
1560:
1546:
1536:
1526:
1516:
1501:
1483:
1475:
1464:(which can be a
1463:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1433:
1423:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1399:
1360:
1346:
1335:
1320:
1309:
1297:
1286:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1256:
1247:
1236:
1216:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1185:
1181:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1124:
1120:
1109:
1100:
1089:
1080:
1069:
1060:
1055:
1044:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1014:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
979:
970:
965:
954:
945:
940:
929:
920:
915:
904:
895:
890:
885:
874:
865:
860:
855:
844:
835:
830:
825:
814:
805:
800:
789:
780:
769:
760:
749:
740:
729:
720:
715:
710:
699:
690:
685:
674:
665:
660:
649:
640:
635:
624:
615:
610:
599:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
559:
550:
545:
534:
525:
520:
515:
504:
495:
490:
479:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
439:
430:
418:
399:
395:
394:
376:of the former).
367:
366:
354:Egyptian dialect
339:
338:
323:
322:
309:Comparison table
258:
251:
249:
248:
190:Google Translate
148:
147:
138:
137:
65:
21:
6640:
6639:
6635:
6634:
6633:
6631:
6630:
6629:
6605:Arabic language
6590:
6589:
6588:
6583:
6489:
6483:
6453:
6448:
6447:
6442:
6408:
6394:
6341:Arabic keyboard
6329:
6224:
6216:
6201:Mater lectionis
6195:Triliteral root
6146:
6117:
6058:
6050:
5968:
5950:
5911:
5800:
5764:
5718:
5695:
5646:
5616:
5507:
5487:Judeo-Maghrebi
5355:
5349:
5345:Modern Standard
5328:
5273:
5010:
4954:Maltese Braille
4934:Arabic numerals
4895:
4852:
4846:
4816:
4811:
4777:
4763:
4710:Arabic keyboard
4698:
4593:
4585:
4570:Mater lectionis
4564:Triliteral root
4515:
4486:
4427:
4419:
4337:
4319:
4280:
4169:
4133:
4087:
4064:
4015:
3985:
3876:
3856:Judeo-Maghrebi
3724:
3718:
3714:Modern Standard
3697:
3642:
3379:
3323:Maltese Braille
3303:Arabic numerals
3264:
3221:
3215:
3180:
3166:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3146:
3144:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3033:
3029:
3014:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2936:
2932:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2892:
2888:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2837:
2836:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2764:
2762:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2737:Firefox Add-ons
2731:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2702:
2701:
2694:
2685:
2678:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2622:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2485:Arabic alphabet
2471:Internet portal
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2445:
2412:
2398:
2369:
2368:
2346:N'Djamena, Chad
2337:
2308:
2307:
2296:Sudanese Arabic
2290:
2288:Sudanese Arabic
2261:
2260:
2202:
2173:
2172:
2151:Baghdadi Arabic
2146:
2117:
2116:
2069:
2028:
2027:
2016:Moroccan Arabic
1989:as a result of
1979:Moroccan Arabic
1963:
1961:Moroccan Arabic
1934:
1933:
1916:
1906:Lebanese Arabic
1898:
1838:
1837:
1827:
1826:
1815:Egyptian Arabic
1798:Standard Arabic
1771:Egyptian Arabic
1743:
1741:Egyptian Arabic
1727:
1722:
1697:
1679:
1669:
1652:
1634:
1631:, respectively.
1612:
1594:
1572:
1554:
1540:
1530:
1520:
1495:
1427:
1393:
1388:Algerian Arabic
1354:
1137:a e eh at et é
324:corresponds to
311:
273:keyboard layout
241:
202:
159:Standard Arabic
108:cellular phones
102:or for sending
92:Arabic numerals
72:Arabic dialects
66:) refer to the
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6638:
6636:
6628:
6627:
6625:Internet slang
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6592:
6591:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6581:
6576:
6570:
6568:Pseudo-Chinese
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6494:
6491:
6490:
6486:Internet slang
6484:
6482:
6481:
6474:
6467:
6459:
6450:
6449:
6444:
6443:
6441:
6440:
6430:
6423:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6407:
6406:
6402:
6400:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6392:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6372:
6369:
6366:
6358:
6353:
6351:ISO/IEC 8859-6
6348:
6343:
6337:
6335:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6285:Naskh (script)
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6231:
6229:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6177:
6176:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6154:
6152:
6148:
6147:
6145:
6144:
6139:
6133:
6131:
6127:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6065:
6063:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6048:
6047:
6046:
6043:
6040:
6037:
6029:
6028:
6027:
6022:Judeo-Tunisian
6019:
6014:
6013:
6012:
6009:
6004:Judeo-Moroccan
6001:
6000:
5999:
5989:
5987:Judeo-Egyptian
5984:
5982:Judeo-Algerian
5978:
5976:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5964:Bedouin Arabic
5960:
5958:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5941:
5940:
5939:
5934:
5931:
5928:
5919:
5917:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5909:
5908:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5814:
5812:
5806:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5798:
5797:
5796:
5786:
5781:
5775:
5773:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5741:
5739:
5730:
5724:
5723:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5716:
5711:
5705:
5703:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5692:
5691:
5686:
5676:
5671:
5665:
5663:
5654:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5628:
5626:
5622:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5583:
5576:Moroccan koiné
5573:
5572:
5571:
5561:
5553:
5552:
5551:
5549:Tunisian koiné
5545:Eastern Hilal
5543:
5542:
5541:
5538:
5533:
5532:
5531:
5529:Judeo-Algerian
5524:Algerian koiné
5520:Central Hilal
5517:
5515:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5501:Judeo-Tunisian
5498:
5493:
5491:Judeo-Moroccan
5485:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5475:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5461:
5456:
5444:
5443:
5442:
5431:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5385:
5377:
5375:
5366:
5357:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5342:
5336:
5334:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5319:
5312:
5305:
5298:
5290:
5288:
5281:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5262:
5253:
5244:
5235:
5226:
5217:
5208:
5199:
5190:
5181:
5172:
5163:
5154:
5145:
5136:
5127:
5118:
5109:
5100:
5091:
5082:
5073:
5064:
5055:
5046:
5037:
5028:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5008:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4944:Arabic Braille
4941:
4936:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4905:
4903:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4866:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4853:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4822:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4799:
4792:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4741:
4738:
4735:
4727:
4722:
4720:ISO/IEC 8859-6
4717:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4654:Naskh (script)
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4600:
4598:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4434:
4432:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4398:
4397:
4396:
4391:Judeo-Tunisian
4388:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4373:Judeo-Moroccan
4370:
4369:
4368:
4358:
4356:Judeo-Egyptian
4353:
4351:Judeo-Algerian
4347:
4345:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4333:Bedouin Arabic
4329:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4155:
4150:
4144:
4142:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4110:
4108:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4074:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3945:Moroccan koiné
3942:
3941:
3940:
3930:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3918:Tunisian koiné
3914:Eastern Hilal
3912:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3898:Judeo-Algerian
3893:Algerian koiné
3889:Central Hilal
3886:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3870:Judeo-Tunisian
3867:
3862:
3860:Judeo-Moroccan
3854:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3830:
3825:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3754:
3746:
3744:
3735:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3659:
3657:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3631:
3622:
3613:
3604:
3595:
3586:
3577:
3568:
3559:
3550:
3541:
3532:
3523:
3514:
3505:
3496:
3487:
3478:
3469:
3460:
3451:
3442:
3433:
3424:
3415:
3406:
3397:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3313:Arabic Braille
3310:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3154:
3153:
3127:
3120:
3100:
3067:
3060:
3040:
3027:
3012:
2994:
2945:
2930:
2907:
2886:
2856:
2827:
2818:
2808:
2801:
2771:
2742:
2724:
2717:
2692:
2676:
2627:
2620:
2590:
2572:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2541:
2532:
2526:
2521:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2460:
2444:
2441:
2433:code switching
2425:Westernization
2397:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2361:
2359:
2357:Chadian Arabic
2351:
2350:
2336:
2335:Chadian Arabic
2333:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2300:
2298:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2253:
2251:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2165:
2163:
2155:
2154:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2109:
2107:
2099:
2098:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2020:
2018:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1926:
1924:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1830:
1828:
1819:
1817:
1742:
1739:
1731:Arabic dialect
1726:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1695:
1677:
1667:
1650:
1632:
1610:
1592:
1570:
1552:
1538:
1528:
1518:
1493:
1425:
1400:Mainly in the
1391:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1337:
1322:
1321:
1314:
1311:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1288:
1279:
1278:
1261:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1238:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1220:
1212:
1211:
1190:
1187:
1174:
1173:
1156:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1114:
1113:h a e ah eh é
1111:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1071:
1062:
1061:
1049:
1046:
1037:
1036:
1019:
1016:
1007:
1006:
984:
981:
972:
971:
959:
956:
947:
946:
934:
931:
922:
921:
909:
906:
897:
896:
879:
876:
867:
866:
849:
846:
837:
836:
819:
816:
807:
806:
794:
791:
782:
781:
774:
771:
762:
761:
754:
751:
742:
741:
734:
731:
722:
721:
704:
701:
692:
691:
679:
676:
667:
666:
654:
651:
642:
641:
629:
626:
617:
616:
604:
601:
592:
591:
564:
561:
552:
551:
539:
536:
527:
526:
509:
506:
497:
496:
484:
481:
472:
471:
444:
441:
432:
431:
424:
421:
412:
411:
406:
403:
310:
307:
210:World Wide Web
201:
198:
163:Arabic dialect
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6637:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6597:
6595:
6580:
6577:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6543:Leet ("1337")
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6495:
6492:
6487:
6480:
6475:
6473:
6468:
6466:
6461:
6460:
6457:
6439:
6431:
6428:
6424:
6422:
6418:
6415:
6414:
6411:
6404:
6403:
6401:
6397:
6391:
6388:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6373:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6332:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6310:Sini (script)
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6300:Ruqʿah script
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6245:Hijazi script
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6228:
6223:
6219:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6202:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6178:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6159:
6156:
6155:
6153:
6149:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6132:
6128:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6071:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6062:
6057:
6053:
6044:
6041:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6033:
6030:
6025:
6024:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6005:
6002:
5998:
5995:
5994:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5975:
5971:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5947:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5935:
5932:
5929:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5923:Central Asian
5921:
5920:
5918:
5914:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5895:Taʽizzi-Adeni
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5882:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5811:
5807:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5767:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5702:
5698:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5664:
5662:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5649:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5629:
5627:
5623:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5594:
5591:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5577:
5574:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5479:
5476:
5474:Traras-Msirda
5473:
5472:
5470:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5391:
5390:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5361:
5358:
5352:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5331:
5325:
5324:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5276:
5270:
5268:
5263:
5261:
5259:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5245:
5243:
5241:
5236:
5234:
5232:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5218:
5216:
5214:
5209:
5207:
5205:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5162:
5160:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5110:
5108:
5106:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5090:
5088:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5013:
5007:
5004:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4914:Arabic script
4912:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4855:
4850:
4843:
4838:
4836:
4831:
4829:
4824:
4823:
4820:
4808:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4760:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4742:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4679:Sini (script)
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4669:Ruqʿah script
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4614:Hijazi script
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4592:
4588:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4426:
4422:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4340:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4292:Central Asian
4290:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4264:Taʽizzi-Adeni
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3848:
3845:
3843:Traras-Msirda
3842:
3841:
3839:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3283:Arabic script
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3212:
3207:
3205:
3200:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3183:
3176:
3165:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3142:
3138:
3131:
3128:
3123:
3121:9783110198539
3117:
3113:
3112:
3104:
3101:
3095:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3071:
3068:
3063:
3061:9783734041389
3057:
3053:
3052:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3031:
3028:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3013:9781139624695
3009:
3005:
2998:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2934:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2920:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2857:
2841:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2812:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2775:
2772:
2761:on 2022-03-28
2760:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2720:
2718:9780199719495
2714:
2710:
2706:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2690:24(2): 39-52.
2689:
2688:Design Issues
2683:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2591:
2586:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2568:
2561:
2558:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2466:
2461:
2458:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2437:Arabic script
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2395:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2287:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2231:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2208:to represent
2207:
2199:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1969:to represent
1968:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1914:Syrian Arabic
1911:
1907:
1903:
1895:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1829:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1757:to represent
1756:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1724:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1547:This use for
1545:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1502:Only used in
1500:
1499:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1447:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1417:
1409:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
985:
982:
978:
974:
973:
969:
964:
960:
957:
953:
949:
948:
944:
939:
935:
932:
928:
924:
923:
919:
914:
910:
907:
903:
899:
898:
894:
889:
884:
880:
877:
873:
869:
868:
864:
859:
854:
850:
847:
843:
839:
838:
834:
829:
824:
820:
817:
813:
809:
808:
804:
799:
795:
792:
788:
784:
783:
779:
775:
772:
768:
764:
763:
759:
755:
752:
748:
744:
743:
739:
735:
732:
728:
724:
723:
719:
714:
709:
705:
702:
698:
694:
693:
689:
684:
680:
677:
673:
669:
668:
664:
659:
655:
652:
648:
644:
643:
639:
634:
630:
627:
623:
619:
618:
614:
609:
605:
602:
598:
594:
593:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
565:
562:
558:
554:
553:
549:
544:
540:
537:
533:
529:
528:
524:
519:
514:
510:
507:
503:
499:
498:
494:
489:
485:
482:
478:
474:
473:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
445:
442:
438:
434:
433:
429:
425:
422:
420:
414:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
400:
397:
393:
387:
383:
377:
375:
371:
365:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
337:
331:
327:
321:
314:
308:
306:
304:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:communication
276:
274:
271:
267:
263:
259:
257:
247:
239:
235:
234:Arabic script
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
199:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
142:
132:
128:
124:
120:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
76:Arabic script
73:
69:
64:
59:
55:
54:Franco-Arabic
51:
50:
45:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
6573:SMS language
6497:
6416:
6356:Windows-1256
6315:Taliq script
6255:Jeli Thuluth
6235:Ajami script
6199:
6103:Pidgin madam
6090:
6068:
6032:Judeo-Yemeni
5974:Judeo-Arabic
5956:Sociological
5943:
5905:Judeo-Yemeni
5728:Mesopotamian
5603:Libyan koiné
5387:
5380:
5373:Pre-Hilalian
5321:
5314:
5307:
5300:
5295:Proto-Arabic
5293:
4928:Zabūr script
4881:Romanization
4785:
4725:Windows-1256
4684:Taliq script
4624:Jeli Thuluth
4604:Ajami script
4568:
4472:Pidgin madam
4459:
4437:
4401:Judeo-Yemeni
4343:Judeo-Arabic
4325:Sociological
4312:
4274:Judeo-Yemeni
4097:Mesopotamian
3972:Libyan koiné
3756:
3749:
3742:Pre-Hilalian
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3664:Proto-Arabic
3662:
3297:Zabūr script
3250:Romanization
3162:
3145:. Retrieved
3140:
3130:
3110:
3103:
3084:
3080:
3070:
3050:
3043:
3030:
3003:
2997:
2962:
2958:
2948:
2939:
2933:
2925:the original
2918:
2910:
2894:
2889:
2881:the original
2859:
2847:. Retrieved
2821:
2811:
2784:
2774:
2763:. Retrieved
2759:the original
2754:
2745:
2736:
2727:
2708:
2687:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2603:
2593:
2587:. Arab News.
2569:. Arab News.
2560:
2417:Pan-Arabists
2413:
2342:Shuwa Arabic
2340:
2215:
2203:
2161:Iraqi Arabic
2149:
2144:Iraqi Arabic
2072:
1995:
1964:
1805:
1786:glottal stop
1775:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1728:
1698:
1680:
1670:
1653:
1635:
1624:
1620:
1619:The letters
1613:
1595:
1583:is used for
1580:
1573:
1566:
1562:
1561:Capitalized
1555:
1548:
1541:
1531:
1521:
1496:
1440:Persian Gulf
1428:
1394:
1383:
1361:
1355:
1155:w o ou oo u
385:
378:
369:
358:
349:
341:
325:
315:
312:
300:
292:domain names
277:
253:
203:
179:
116:
88:Latin script
63:franco-arabe
57:
53:
48:
47:
42:
41:
36:
35:
31:
29:
6250:Jawi script
6222:Calligraphy
6151:Linguistics
6076:Gulf Pidgin
5992:Judeo-Iraqi
5933:Kashkadarya
5789:Judeo-Iraqi
5714:Palestinian
5625:Nile Valley
5287:Pre-Islamic
4999:Dagger alif
4619:Jawi script
4591:Calligraphy
4520:Linguistics
4445:Gulf Pidgin
4361:Judeo-Iraqi
4302:Kashkadarya
4158:Judeo-Iraqi
4083:Palestinian
3994:Nile Valley
3656:Pre-Islamic
3368:Dagger alif
3143:(in Arabic)
2238: or
2224:palatalized
2204:The use of
2105:Gulf Arabic
2067:Gulf Arabic
1965:The use of
1735:orthography
1579:The number
1490:Gimel Yafit
1402:Nile Valley
1260:j ch tch g
878:z th dh 6'
773:sh ch $ x
417:أ إ آ ء ئ ؤ
167:orthography
127:multigraphs
112:advertising
80:transcribed
6594:Categories
6518:DoggoLingo
6137:Literature
5810:Peninsular
5750:Khuzestani
5480:(Mountain)
5400:Australian
5309:Old Arabic
4959:Diacritics
4886:Numerology
4506:Literature
4179:Peninsular
4119:Khuzestani
3849:(Mountain)
3769:Australian
3678:Old Arabic
3328:Diacritics
3255:Numerology
3147:2019-07-22
2965:: e02073.
2877:2152/72420
2765:2019-03-31
2733:"Panlatin"
2647:: e02073.
2552:References
2400:See also:
2344:spoken in
1900:See also:
983:q 8 9 2 g
818:d dh 9' D
678:z th dh d
382:apostrophe
374:reflection
288:code pages
230:Arab world
56:or simply
6528:Greeklish
6508:Denglisch
6427:varieties
6419:indicate
6334:Technical
6305:Shahmukhi
6260:Kairouani
6158:Phonology
5937:Khorasani
5927:Bakhtiari
5779:Anatolian
5709:Jordanian
5689:Damascene
5652:Levantine
5564:Hassaniya
5405:Cottenera
5340:Classical
5279:Varieties
4857:Overviews
4796:varieties
4788:indicate
4703:Technical
4674:Shahmukhi
4629:Kairouani
4527:Phonology
4306:Khorasani
4296:Bakhtiari
4148:Anatolian
4078:Jordanian
4058:Damascene
4021:Levantine
3933:Hassaniya
3774:Cottenera
3709:Classical
3648:Varieties
3226:Overviews
3022:855022840
2989:2468-2276
2671:2468-2276
2535:Greeklish
2515:Fingilish
2419:and some
2396:Criticism
2242:.
2214: (
1788:, like a
1486:Ramat Gan
1466:reduction
1336:
1310:
1287:
1257:
1186:
186:Microsoft
74:in which
68:romanized
6488:variants
6438:Category
6290:Nastaliq
6280:Muhaqqaq
6270:Maghrebi
6130:Academic
6070:Bimbashi
6026:Tunisene
5997:Baghdadi
5945:Shirvani
5885:Hadhrami
5843:Bahraini
5794:Baghdadi
5745:Baghdadi
5684:Aleppine
5674:Lebanese
5669:Cilician
5642:Sudanese
5632:Egyptian
5513:Hilalian
5471:Western
5449:Eastern
5446:Village
5425:Żurrieqi
5389:Sicilian
5382:Andalusi
5364:Maghrebi
5333:Literary
4985:(tanwin)
4983:Nunation
4869:Alphabet
4864:Language
4851:language
4807:Category
4659:Nastaliq
4649:Muhaqqaq
4639:Maghrebi
4499:Academic
4439:Bimbashi
4395:Tunisene
4366:Baghdadi
4314:Shirvani
4254:Hadhrami
4212:Bahraini
4163:Baghdadi
4114:Baghdadi
4053:Aleppine
4043:Lebanese
4038:Cilician
4011:Sudanese
4001:Egyptian
3882:Hilalian
3840:Western
3818:Eastern
3815:Village
3794:Żurrieqi
3758:Sicilian
3751:Andalusi
3733:Maghrebi
3702:Literary
3354:(tanwin)
3352:Nunation
3238:Alphabet
3233:Language
3220:language
2849:31 March
2480:Arablish
2443:See also
2386:English
2325:English
2278:English
2190:English
2134:English
2057:English
1951:English
1883:English
1725:Examples
1237:
1182:
1152:
1141:/aeatet/
1134:
1110:
1090:
1070:
1045:
1015:
980:
955:
933:gh 3' 8
930:
905:
875:
845:
815:
790:
770:
750:
730:
700:
675:
650:
628:kh 7' 5
625:
600:
560:
535:
505:
480:
440:
402:Letters
348:, or as
303:Nazareth
250:⟩
242:⟨
238:phonetic
157:and not
123:numerals
104:messages
100:Internet
43:Arabeezi
6498:Arabizi
6417:Italics
6325:Thuluth
6190:Grammar
6061:pidgins
6056:Creoles
6045:Sanʽani
5930:Bukhara
5890:Sanʽani
5853:Kuwaiti
5848:Emirati
5833:Dhofari
5818:Bahrani
5784:Cypriot
5772:(Qeltu)
5599:Sulaym
5586:Western
5581:Eastern
5459:Sfaxian
5455:(Sahel)
5410:Gozitan
5395:Maltese
5015:Letters
4989:Shaddah
4978:Harakat
4973:Tashkil
4901:Scripts
4874:History
4786:Italics
4694:Thuluth
4559:Grammar
4430:pidgins
4425:Creoles
4414:Sanʽani
4299:Bukhara
4259:Sanʽani
4222:Kuwaiti
4217:Emirati
4202:Dhofari
4187:Bahrani
4153:Cypriot
4141:(Qeltu)
3968:Sulaym
3955:Western
3950:Eastern
3828:Sfaxian
3824:(Sahel)
3779:Gozitan
3764:Maltese
3384:Letters
3358:Shaddah
3347:Harakat
3342:Tashkil
3270:Scripts
3243:History
2967:Bibcode
2919:Arabizi
2649:Bibcode
2544:Maltese
2519:Persian
2510:Arabist
2079:Bahrain
1987:Morocco
1806:Arabizi
1508:Spanish
1504:Morocco
1290:ch tch
1018:k g ch
563:j g dj
538:s th t
419:
294:, like
278:Online
200:History
175:English
155:dialect
84:encoded
49:Arabish
37:Arabizi
6240:Diwani
6227:Script
6185:(case)
6182:ʾIʿrāb
6168:Tajwid
6113:Bongor
6092:Maridi
6042:Habban
5916:Others
5900:Tihami
5880:Yemeni
5875:Shihhi
5860:Hejazi
5828:Bedawi
5823:Bareqi
5679:Syrian
5637:Saʽidi
5569:Nemadi
5555:Maqil
5453:Sahili
5420:Żejtun
5356:spoken
5354:Modern
4849:Arabic
4609:Diwani
4596:Script
4554:(case)
4551:ʾIʿrāb
4537:Tajwid
4482:Bongor
4461:Maridi
4411:Habban
4285:Others
4269:Tihami
4249:Yemeni
4244:Shihhi
4229:Hejazi
4197:Bedawi
4192:Bareqi
4048:Syrian
4006:Saʽidi
3938:Nemadi
3924:Maqil
3822:Sahili
3789:Żejtun
3725:spoken
3723:Modern
3218:Arabic
3118:
3058:
3020:
3010:
2987:
2816:(2014)
2799:
2715:
2669:
2618:
2408:, and
2075:Kuwait
1998:Darija
1983:Darija
1912:, and
1380:French
1373:, and
443:a e è
296:Qal3ah
270:AZERTY
266:QWERTY
224:, and
208:, the
182:Google
171:French
60:(from
58:Franco
6600:ASCII
6399:Other
6320:Tawqi
6275:Mashq
6265:Kufic
6173:Imāla
6142:Names
6108:Turku
6036:Adeni
5870:Omani
5865:Najdi
5770:North
5760:South
5755:Shawi
5737:Gilit
5701:South
5661:North
5559:Fessi
5478:Jebli
5464:Jijel
5439:Tunis
5434:Urban
5415:Qormi
5024:ʾAlif
4994:Hamza
4966:i‘jām
4768:Other
4689:Tawqi
4644:Mashq
4634:Kufic
4542:Imāla
4511:Names
4477:Turku
4405:Adeni
4239:Omani
4234:Najdi
4139:North
4129:South
4124:Shawi
4106:Gilit
4070:South
4030:North
3928:Fessi
3847:Jebli
3833:Jijel
3808:Tunis
3803:Urban
3784:Qormi
3393:ʾAlif
3363:Hamza
3335:i‘jām
3167:(PDF)
3141:Watan
3087:(2).
2869:(PDF)
2843:(PDF)
2539:Greek
2529:Yamli
2232:]
2228:[
2083:Qatar
1790:hamza
1629:/t,d/
848:t 6 T
284:blogs
214:email
151:ASCII
139:) or
6513:Doge
6295:Rasm
6098:Nubi
6086:Juba
6059:and
6039:Beda
6011:Wqal
6008:Kjal
5838:Gulf
5186:Ġayn
5177:ʿAyn
4664:Rasm
4467:Nubi
4455:Juba
4428:and
4408:Beda
4380:Wqal
4377:Kjal
4207:Gulf
3555:Ġayn
3546:ʿAyn
3116:ISBN
3056:ISBN
3018:OCLC
3008:ISBN
2985:ISSN
2851:2019
2797:ISBN
2713:ISBN
2667:ISSN
2616:ISBN
2524:l33t
2429:Arab
2093:and
2087:Oman
2045:IPA
1761:and
1751:and
1623:and
1565:and
1436:Iraq
1420:and
1204:e(ː)
1199:i(ː)
1170:u(ː)
1165:o(ː)
1123:/ae/
958:f v
793:s 9
603:7 h
483:b p
463:ɛ(ː)
458:ɑ(ː)
453:a(ː)
448:æ(ː)
256:ʿayn
192:and
184:and
125:and
106:via
90:and
30:The
6383:864
6378:720
6374:711
6371:710
6368:709
6364:708
6207:IPA
5267:Yāʾ
5258:Wāw
5249:Hāʾ
5240:Nūn
5231:Mīm
5222:Lām
5213:Kāf
5204:Qāf
5195:Fāʾ
5168:Ẓāʾ
5159:Ṭāʾ
5150:Ḍād
5141:Ṣād
5132:Šīn
5123:Sīn
5114:Zāy
5105:Rāʾ
5096:Ḏāl
5087:Dāl
5078:Ḫāʾ
5069:Ḥāʾ
5060:Ǧīm
5051:Ṯāʾ
5042:Tāʾ
5033:Bāʾ
4752:864
4747:720
4743:711
4740:710
4737:709
4733:708
4576:IPA
3636:Yāʾ
3627:Wāw
3618:Hāʾ
3609:Nūn
3600:Mīm
3591:Lām
3582:Kāf
3573:Qāf
3564:Fāʾ
3537:Ẓāʾ
3528:Ṭāʾ
3519:Ḍād
3510:Ṣād
3501:Šīn
3492:Sīn
3483:Zāy
3474:Rāʾ
3465:Ḏāl
3456:Dāl
3447:Ḫāʾ
3438:Ḥāʾ
3429:Ǧīm
3420:Ṯāʾ
3411:Tāʾ
3402:Bāʾ
3089:doi
2975:doi
2899:doi
2873:hdl
2789:doi
2657:doi
2608:doi
2230:t͡ʃ
2226:to
2216:kāf
2091:UAE
1981:or
1863:IPA
1778:qāf
1700:^16
1682:^15
1672:^14
1655:^13
1645:t͡ʃ
1637:^12
1615:^11
1597:^10
1513:t͡ʃ
1472:d͡ʒ
1468:of
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1434:In
1422:/a/
1295:t͡ʃ
1270:t͡ʃ
1226:IPA
1209:/a/
1033:t͡ʃ
863:t̪ˠ
858:t̪ˤ
833:d̪ˠ
828:d̪ˤ
583:ɟ͡ʝ
573:d͡ʒ
523:t͡s
409:IPA
396:).
356:).
328:).
268:or
222:IRC
173:or
141:ḍād
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