414:(Creek) and Cherokee Tribes. It is believed that the area was a buffer between the two nations, used as a trade and transportation corridor. The land was ceded to the State of Georgia by the Muscogee in 1821. The land was then distributed to settlers via the Georgia Land Lotteries. Throughout the rest of the 19th and most of the 20th centuries, the area remained very sparsely populated, with many of the roads remaining unpaved until the mid-1900s. The railroad connecting Atlanta and Augusta runs through the area. This railroad helped historically supported Lithonia's quarry industry, which was fed by the granite gneiss of numerous area quarries, including Arabia Mountain. Otherwise, much of the surrounding land was used for small-scale farming. The remains of the agricultural landscape are still visible in the National Heritage Area, including at the Lyon Farm, Vaughters Farm, and Parker House. Small settlements developed along crossroads, the South River (Upper Ocmulgee River), and the railroad, such as the Klondike National Historic District, Flat Rock Community, and downtown
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and pressure that caused Arabia
Mountain to have a taffy-like consistency when it was cooling over 400 million years ago. Bands of different minerals folded and twisted, creating the "tidal swirl" pattern seen today . By contrast, Panola Mountain has a flakier rock with less compressive strength due to differences in cooling rates. Panola Mountain also has a darker colored rock and different mineral grains. Differences in mineral composition between Panola and Stone Mountains indicated different magma sources at the time of formation.
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434:, and street curbing in Atlanta as well as many other Georgia cities. Prior to 1880, the stone was hand quarried but starting in 1879, workers used drills, dynamite and air compressors to "raise a ledge" or sever a large block of stone from the mass. That allowed more control over the size of the stone and large stones could be used for dimensional or building construction. The proximity to the railroad meant that the Tidal Grey could be easily transported across the country.
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In the 1970s, the
Davidson family donated over 500 acres including Arabia Mountain and surrounding lands to DeKalb County as a nature preserve for local residents to enjoy. Since then, the Davidson-Arabia Mountain Nature Preserve has been expanded several times and now includes 2,550 acres, several
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Due to the variety of eco-systems within the
Heritage Area, the "edge effect" allows for greater biodiversity where two or more ecosystems intersect. For example, where the rock outcroppings border forests, the shallow soil retains more moisture due to runoff and can support the species of both the
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Not only does plant matter such as moss erode the rock and help to build soil levels in the pits, but the stone is also weathered by non-chemical factors. Wind, freeze-thaw cycles, and even lightning strikes cause the rock to fragment and breakdown. Cracks can form, giving another foothold to plant
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The monadnocks were formed when erosion resistant rock is exposed after softer rock is eroded over time. The individual characteristics of the monadnock are determined by the individual processes that formed the granite. For example, Arabia
Mountain features a unique "swirl" pattern due to the heat
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Like Stone
Mountain, Arabia Mountain was quarried for decades before the property was turned over to the DeKalb park system. Structures and excavations from the quarry operations can be seen throughout the park. The stone quarried from Arabia Mountain, officially called "Tidal Grey", was prized for
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The proximity of the Arabia
Mountain National Heritage Area to Atlanta, the second fastest-growing metropolitan area in the country during the 2000s leaves it vulnerable to overdevelopment. This threat of encroaching sprawl was recognized after nearly a decade, as the area was determined to be a
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It took thousands of years for plants and trees to grow in the granite outcroppings. The first plants on the mountains were lichens, which draw nutrients from dust and rainwater. Acids from these lichens and mosses gradually formed pits in the rock, called chemical erosion. This allowed shallow
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The existence of the
Atlanta Augusta Railroad allowed the granite quarrying industry in the area to flourish in the late 1800s. Remnants of this industry can be seen throughout the Heritage Area in the form of quarry office ruins, rock ledges, and drill holes on the rock. Unlike Arabia, Panola
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amounts of soil to accumulate, providing a place for more plant life to take root. This process is called
Primary Succession as a succession of plants colonize the rock from lichen, to mosses, to diamorpha and larger plants, then gradually accumulating enough soil to support shrubs and trees.
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Another advancement to the quarrying industry at Arabia
Mountain was the discovery that adding granite grit to chicken feed helped with the birds' digestion. The Davidson family, which owned several quarries in the area, became the largest supplier of
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magazine article from 1941 reported the U.S. government allowed them to continue to operate during WWII in the name of national defense. In 1949, the
Lithonia district produced nearly 1.5 million tons of granite valued at the time at $ 3 million.
385:, and more. The National Heritage Area was established in 2006 and is coordinated by the Arabia Mountain National Heritage Area Alliance, which includes board members, representatives from the community and local organizations, and staff.
342:. The peak is 955 feet (290 m) above sea level, rising 172 feet (52 m) above Arabia Lake reservoir. Bradley Mountain is closer to the visitor trails than Arabia Mountain and is often misidentified by visitors as Arabia Mountain.
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Although there is little historical evidence about what existed in the lands that currently make up the National Heritage Area, by the time of Anglo-American settlement in the early 19th century, the area was sparsely populated by
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in the world. They claimed that the sparkling particles of mica in the Stonemo grit attracted the eye and helped the chicken's gizzard break down food. The company was so successful in distributing their feed additive, a
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The seemingly barren landscape of Arabia Mountain is teeming with plant life specially adapted to live in the mountain's harsh environment. Arabia Mountain is one of five locations in the US where black-spored quillwort
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populations occur here. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's five-year review of these species, completed in 2008, states that "enforcement to protect sensitive areas needs improvement" in the Arabia Mountain area."
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with a multi-use bike path, hiking trails, and lakes for fishing. The park features large exposed granite formations, wetlands, pine forest, oak forest, streams habitat and two lakes. Plant species include the rare
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its high structural density and compressive strength as well as its "swirl" pattern. Tidal Grey Arabia Mountain can be seen in the construction of buildings for the
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482:. These monadnocks are composed of a granitoid rock and are interspersed with islands of plant life. The Metro-Atlanta area has multiple monadnocks, including
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On October 12, 2006, the mountain and Davidson-Arabia Mountain Nature Preserve were designated as nationally significant as a part of the Arabia Mountain
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The defining feature that gives the Arabia Mountain National Heritage Area its significance at the national level is its granite outcroppings, called
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that encompasses natural, cultural, and historical elements to form a cohesive, nationally significant landscape. The area is due east of
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made the rock a popular building stone and many buildings in the region were constructed with stone quarried from the Lithonia district
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has completed more than 30 miles of a 12-foot-wide (3.7 m) concrete road for pedestrian and bicycle use running from downtown
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788:"Heritage Areas, National Park Service, Frequently Asked Questions." National Park Service. Accessed February 10, 2015.
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Arabia Mountain is one of a small number of locations in the southeastern United States where Small's
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in Georgia or the US, but is in Tennessee). When granite and similar stone outcrops are exposed to
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Mountain was never quarried because of its geologic qualities such as softer texture and veining.
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in the fall. The area included rock quarries and abandoned structures from the mining operations.
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and spans 40,000 acres (16,000 ha) reaching from the historic commercial center of
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in Conyers. This includes a spur to a parking area on Klondike Road and a spur to the
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Division of Natural Areas, Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation.
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significant part of national history and earned congressional designation as a
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Additionally, Davidson-Arabia Mountain Nature Preserve includes 2,550 acres in
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life, and the rock is broken into particles that add to the shallow soil.
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760:"Arabia Mountain National Heritage Area (U.S. National Park Service)"
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490:. Arabia and Panola Mountains are located within the Heritage Area.
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and thence through the Davidson-Arabia Mountain Nature Preserve to
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in recognition of its cultural, historical and natural features.
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is across from Stonecrest but is not in the Stonecrest limits.
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Arabia Mountain National Heritage Area Interpretive Panel, B-2
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Arabia Mountain National Heritage Area Interpretive Panel, C-1
1120:"Federally Threatened and Endangered Plants found in Georgia"
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but not sufficiently melted to become granite. The resulting
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Leslie Edwards, Jonathan Ambrose, and L. Kathrine Kirkman,
1006:, (Missoula, MO: Mountain Press Publishing Company, 2013)
377:, Davidson-Arabia Mountain Nature Preserve, the historic
1147:"Tennessee Natural Heritage Program Rare Planet List"
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1095:"Three Granite Outcrop Plants – 5-year Review"
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709:) in a granite pool on top of Arabia Mountain
16:Mountain in Georgia, United States of America
8:
2186:National Heritage Areas of the United States
723:Closeup photograph of black-spored quillwort
580:content from decaying dead leaves and other
509:, metamorphosed at higher temperatures than
842:"Arabia Past: Discover the Davidson Quarry"
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497:Arabia Mountain appears to be composed of
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2206:Protected areas of DeKalb County, Georgia
1002:Pamela J.W. Gore and William Witherspoon,
662:'s Murphey Candler Elementary School and
1077:"Arabia Mountain National Heritage Area"
332:Davidson-Arabia Mountain Nature Preserve
2211:Nature reserves in Georgia (U.S. state)
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505:, the mountain is actually composed of
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45:View from the summit of Arabia Mountain
1226:Arabia Mountain National Heritage Area
1057:Arabia Mountain National Heritage Area
980:Arabia Mountain National Heritage Area
922:Arabia Mountain National Heritage Area
897:Arabia Mountain National Heritage Area
872:Arabia Mountain National Heritage Area
846:Arabia Mountain National Heritage Area
330:, is the northern of two peaks in the
328:Arabia Mountain National Heritage Area
313:Arabia Mountain Heritage Area Alliance
167:Arabia Mountain National Heritage Area
2080:Quinebaug and Shetucket Rivers Valley
1935:Crossroads of the American Revolution
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790:http://www.nps.gov/heritageareas/FAQ/
7:
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2191:Landforms of DeKalb County, Georgia
2125:Southern Campaign of the Revolution
1222:"What is a National Heritage Area?"
345:The mountain is also in a namesake
1398:Martin Luther King Jr. High School
1040:The Natural Communities of Georgia
770:from the original on July 13, 2013
703:Colony of black-spored quillwort (
689:(red diamorpha) on Arabia Mountain
14:
2201:Mountains of Georgia (U.S. state)
1126:from the original on June 5, 2009
614:rock outcropping and the forest.
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623:granite outcrops and two lakes.
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1995:Kenai Mountains - Turnagain Arm
1990:Journey Through Hallowed Ground
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2105:Shenandoah Valley Battlefields
1910:Bronzeville – Black Metropolis
1118:US Fish and Wildlife Service.
1093:US Fish and Wildlife Service.
821:South River Watershed Alliance
1:
1791:Pine Mountain (Bartow County)
1277:Arabia Mountain Heritage Area
471:
470:A quarry at Arabia Mountain,
232:Show map of the United States
1985:llinois & Michigan Canal
656:Monastery of the Holy Spirit
525:Botany and endangered plants
367:Monastery of the Holy Spirit
2196:Inselbergs of North America
1796:Pine Mountain (Cobb County)
1249:"The Arabia Mountain Trail"
1004:Roadside Geology of Georgia
664:Arabia Mountain High School
660:DeKalb County School System
178:natural monument or feature
2232:
2000:Lackawanna Heritage Valley
1282:Arabia Mountain View Trail
1228:. Arabia Mountain Alliance
1197:Government Printing Office
1026:"Granite & Technology"
652:Panola Mountain State Park
375:Panola Mountain State Park
19:For Black Lips album, see
18:
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1287:Arabia Mountain Top Trail
185:
171:
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38:
2065:Ohio & Erie Canalway
1915:Cache La Poudre Corridor
1769:Little Kennesaw Mountain
1395:This list is incomplete.
1081:Granite & Technology
950:New Georgia Encyclopedia
61:955 ft (291 m)
2150:Upper Housatonic Valley
2110:Silos & Smokestacks
1858:National Heritage Areas
71:172 ft (52 m)
2015:Mississippi Gulf Coast
1460:Big John Dick Mountain
1385:The Mall at Stonecrest
1357:Arabia Mtn HS (magnet)
1292:Photos of the mountain
628:National Heritage Area
486:, Arabia Mountain and
475:
456:National Heritage Area
390:DeKalb County, Georgia
347:National Heritage Area
336:DeKalb County, Georgia
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286:33.66500°N 84.11833°W
99:33.66500°N 84.11833°W
1860:of the United States
1545:Horsetrough Mountain
1447:Blue Ridge Mountains
1439:Mountains of Georgia
1201:"Public Law 109-338"
539:Amphianthus pusillus
501:. Although made of
2216:Stonecrest, Georgia
2145:Tennessee Civil War
2060:Northern Rio Grande
2005:Maritime Washington
1980:Hudson River Valley
1940:Delaware and Lehigh
1801:Pine Mountain Range
1749:Chenocetah Mountain
1470:Black Rock Mountain
1328:Stonecrest, Georgia
706:Isoetes melanospora
598:Physical Weathering
533:Isoetes melanospora
379:Flat Rock Community
310:Governing body
291:33.66500; -84.11833
282: /
207:Show map of Georgia
104:33.66500; -84.11833
95: /
2035:Mountains to Sound
1960:Freedom's Frontier
1875:Alabama Black Belt
1744:Blackjack Mountain
1713:White Oak Mountain
1575:Slaughter Mountain
1555:Levelland Mountain
1505:Double Spring Knob
1380:Flat Rock Archives
1015:arabiaalliance.org
848:. October 10, 2019
740:on Arabia Mountain
588:Primary Succession
566:endangered species
476:
428:U.S. Naval Academy
397:in the winter and
383:Flat Rock Archives
51:Highest point
2181:IUCN Category III
2168:
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2130:Southern Maryland
2095:Santa Cruz Valley
2020:Mississippi Hills
2010:Mississippi Delta
1895:Aviation Heritage
1824:
1823:
1786:Pine Log Mountain
1764:Kennesaw Mountain
1663:Horseleg Mountain
1610:Screamer Mountain
1580:Springer Mountain
1495:Currahee Mountain
1455:Big Bald Mountain
1405:
1404:
1247:PATH Foundation.
1159:on April 23, 2009
976:"Management Plan"
893:"Vaughters' Barn"
562:Diamorpha smallii
416:Lithonia, Georgia
321:
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317:
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254:Nearest city
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2100:Schuylkill River
2090:Sangre de Cristo
2075:Path of Progress
1925:Champlain Valley
1905:Blackstone River
1851:
1844:
1837:
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1683:Old Shorter Hill
1668:Lookout Mountain
1645:Ridge-and-Valley
1590:Wildcat Mountain
1560:Mount Oglethorpe
1490:Cowrock Mountain
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1255:on July 25, 2010
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2055:Northern Plains
1880:Arabia Mountain
1870:Abraham Lincoln
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1806:Sawnee Mountain
1781:Panola Mountain
1774:Mount Wilkinson
1734:Arabia Mountain
1729:Alcovy Mountain
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1708:Turkey Mountain
1693:Pigeon Mountain
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1530:Grassy Mountain
1525:Glassy Mountain
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1053:"Visitor Guide"
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648:Stonecrest Mall
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151:Easiest route
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124:DeKalb County
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1703:Taylor Ridge
1688:Jackson Hill
1673:Lumpkin Hill
1658:Blossom Hill
1535:Grassy Ridge
1374:
1342:DeKalb Co SD
1257:. Retrieved
1253:the original
1242:
1230:. Retrieved
1225:
1216:
1204:. Retrieved
1191:
1182:
1173:
1161:. Retrieved
1154:the original
1140:
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1060:. Retrieved
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618:Preservation
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326:, a part of
323:
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140:First ascent
28:
21:
2140:Susquehanna
2030:MotorCities
1970:Great Basin
1885:Atchafalaya
1500:Dick's Knob
1347:Lithonia HS
1062:February 5,
985:February 5,
955:February 5,
927:February 5,
902:February 5,
877:February 5,
868:"Lyon Farm"
852:February 5,
826:February 5,
774:February 5,
764:www.nps.gov
544:Amphianthus
302:Established
289: /
265:Coordinates
102: /
77:Coordinates
2175:Categories
2120:South Park
2070:Oil Region
1920:Cane River
1630:Rocky Knob
1600:Young Lick
1565:Rabun Bald
1550:Jacks Knob
1485:Coosa Bald
817:"OVERVIEW"
747:References
480:monadnocks
351:U.S. state
274:33°39′54″N
87:33°39′54″N
67:Prominence
2135:St. Croix
1900:Baltimore
1605:Rich Knob
1368:Landmarks
1232:March 10,
552:stonecrop
507:migmatite
458:in 2006.
381:with the
340:monadnock
260:, Georgia
249:, Georgia
115:Geography
57:Elevation
2155:Wheeling
1510:Flat Top
1259:July 15,
1124:Archived
768:Archived
644:Lithonia
582:detritus
519:quarries
412:Muscogee
363:Lithonia
277:84°7′6″W
258:Lithonia
242:Location
134:Climbing
120:Location
90:84°7′6″W
1335:Schools
1206:May 23,
1163:May 11,
1130:May 11,
1103:May 11,
670:Gallery
578:organic
570:erosion
560:, syn.
499:granite
462:Geology
405:History
371:Conyers
365:to the
359:Atlanta
355:Georgia
349:in the
247:Atlanta
144:unknown
128:Georgia
24:(album)
1722:Others
574:lichen
511:gneiss
430:, the
1955:Essex
1157:(PDF)
1150:(PDF)
1098:(PDF)
738:Cairn
334:, in
176:III (
1261:2010
1234:2012
1208:2007
1165:2009
1132:2009
1105:2009
1064:2020
987:2020
957:2020
929:2020
904:2020
879:2020
854:2020
828:2020
776:2020
638:The
474:1910
446:Time
305:2006
157:Hike
646:to
369:in
353:of
2177::
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26:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
