405:
64:
40:
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116:
Patients with arachnoid cysts may never show symptoms, even in some cases where the cyst is large. Therefore, while the presence of symptoms may provoke further clinical investigation, symptoms independent of further data cannot—and should not—be interpreted as evidence of a cyst's existence, size,
1837:
Van
Beijnum J, Hanlo PW, Han KS, Ludo Van der Pol W, Verdaasdonk RM, Van Nieuwenhuizen O (May 2006). "Navigated laser-assisted endoscopic fenestration of a suprasellar arachnoid cyst in a 2-year-old child with bobble-head doll syndrome. Case report".
416:. Frequently, arachnoid cysts are incidental findings on MRI scans performed for other clinical reasons. In practice, diagnosis of symptomatic arachnoid cysts requires symptoms to be present, and many with the disorder never develop symptoms.
2191:
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Some scientists debate whether arachnoid cysts are a true congenite condition or if this should be separated from secondary cysts. A recent study shows differences in communication between the arachnoid cyst and the subarachnoid space by
543:
Most arachnoid cysts are asymptomatic, and do not require treatment. Where complications are present, leaving arachnoid cysts untreated may cause permanent severe neurological damage due to the progressive expansion of the cyst(s) or
327:
The exact cause of arachnoid cysts is not known. Researchers believe that most cases of arachnoid cysts are developmental malformations that arise from the unexplained splitting or tearing of the arachnoid membrane.
439:. Intracranial arachnoid cysts usually occur adjacent to the arachnoidal cistern. Spinal arachnoid cysts may be extradural, intradural, or perineural and tend to present with signs and symptoms indicative of a
152:
In a 2002 study involving 78 patients with a migraine or tension-type headache, CT scans showed abnormalities in over a third of the patients, though arachnoid cysts only accounted for 2.6% of patients in this
2764:
120:
Symptoms vary by the size and location of the cyst(s), though small cysts usually have no symptoms and are discovered only incidentally. On the other hand, a number of symptoms may result from large cysts:
1190:
Vakis AF, Koutentakis DI, Karabetsos DA, Kalostos GN (2006). "Psychosis-like syndrome associated with intermittent intracranial hypertension caused by a large arachnoid cyst of the left temporal lobe".
365:) may result. In the cases of intracystic hemorrhage and hematoma, the individual may have symptoms of increased pressure within the cranium and signs of compression of nearby nerve (neural) tissue.
465:
Most arachnoid cysts are asymptomatic and do not require treatment. Treatment may be necessary when symptomatic. A variety of procedures may be used to decompress (remove pressure from) the cyst.
3150:
3145:
3162:
3140:
985:
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108:
whereas secondary arachnoid cysts are the result of head injury or trauma. Most cases of primary cysts begin during infancy; however, onset may be delayed until adolescence.
2509:
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2504:
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Arachnoid cysts are seen in up to 1.1% of the population with a gender distribution of 2:1 male:female. Only 20% of these have symptoms, usually from secondary
2306:
1248:
Blackshaw S, Bowen RC (November 1987). "A case of atypical psychosis associated with alexithymia and a left fronto-temporal lesion: possible correlations".
1716:
Park SW, Yoon SH, Cho KH, Shin YS (June 2006). "A large arachnoid cyst of the lateral ventricle extending from the supracerebellar cistern--case report".
1681:
Helland CA, Wester K (July 2006). "Arachnoid cysts in adults: long-term follow-up of patients treated with internal shunts to the subdural compartment".
156:
A study found 18% of patients with intracranial arachnoid cysts had non-specific headaches. The cyst was in the temporal location in 75% of these cases.
3236:
3132:
3122:
2299:
982:
915:
3102:
2775:
1751:
Gangemi M, Colella G, Magro F, Maiuri F (June 2007). "Suprasellar arachnoid cysts: endoscopy versus microsurgical cyst excision and shunting".
1517:"Arachnoid cysts do not contain cerebrospinal fluid: A comparative chemical analysis of arachnoid cyst fluid and cerebrospinal fluid in adults"
3127:
2759:
1448:
1472:
Wang X, Chen JX, You C, Jiang S (July 2012). "CT cisternography in intracranial symptomatic arachnoid cysts: classification and treatment".
1004:
Yamakawa H, Ohkuma A, Hattori T, Niikawa S, Kobayashi H (1991). "Primary intracranial arachnoid cyst in the elderly: a survey on 39 cases".
810:
Millichap JG (May 1997). "Temporal lobe arachnoid cyst-attention deficit disorder syndrome: role of the electroencephalogram in diagnosis".
2965:
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2415:
446:
Arachnoid cysts may also be classified as primary (congenital) or secondary (acquired) and have been reported in humans, cats, and dogs.
2206:
3184:
3117:
2672:
663:
Ariai S, Koerbel A, Bornemann A, Morgala M, Tatagiba M (2005). "Cerebellopontine angle arachnoid cyst harbouring ectopic neuroglia".
2887:
2690:
2019:
1334:
1112:
797:
1347:
Schievink WI, Huston J, Torres VE, Marsh WR (December 1995). "Intracranial cysts in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease".
1291:
Cullum CM, Heaton RK, Harris MJ, Jeste DV (October 1994). "Neurobehavioral and neurodiagnostic aspects of late-onset psychosis".
3006:
385:
1568:
Arachnoid cyst. (n.d.). Gale
Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders. Retrieved September 10, 2006, from Answers.com Web site:
637:
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2032:
Vernooij MW, Ikram MA, Tanghe HL, Vincent AJ, Hofman A, Krestin GP, Niessen WJ, Breteler MM, van der Lugt A (November 2007).
2713:
3231:
3200:
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3001:
2943:
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420:
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Weber F, Knopf H (January 2006). "Incidental findings in magnetic resonance imaging of the brains of healthy young men".
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Additional clinical assessment tools that can be useful in evaluating a patient with arachnoid cysts include the
373:. A comparison of arachnoid cyst fluid and CSF in a series of patients show differences in chemical composition.
133:
404:
3174:
2948:
2362:
2217:
3179:
1515:
Berle M, Wester KG, Ulvik RJ, Kroksveen AC, Haaland OA, Amiry-Moghaddam M, Berven FS, Helland CA (June 2010).
1061:
Buongiorno G, Ricca G (September 2003). "Supratentorial arachnoid cyst mimicking a Ménière's disease attack".
983:
http://www.escriber.com/Progress/Features.asp? Action=View&Archive=True&ID=29&GroupID=&Page=18
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http://www.escriber.com/Progress/Features.asp? Action=View&Archive=True&ID=67&GroupID=&Page=11
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1883:"Arachnoid cysts of the left temporal fossa: impaired preoperative cognition and postoperative improvement"
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1.2 to 2.3%). Only a small percentage of the detected abnormalities require urgent medical attention.
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612:
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234:
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Cysts in the suprasellar region in children have presented as bobbing and nodding of the head called
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2195:
579:
105:
77:
63:
361:), increasing its size. If a blood vessel bleeds on the outside of a cyst, a collection of blood (
331:
In some cases, arachnoid cysts occurring in the middle fossa are accompanied by underdevelopment (
3095:
3080:
3068:
2818:
2769:
2606:
2469:
2357:
2139:
1973:
Kohn R, Lilly RB, Sokol MS, Malloy PF (1989). "Psychiatric presentations of intracranial cysts".
1955:
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548:(bleeding). However, with treatment most individuals with symptomatic arachnoid cysts do well.
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52:
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Greenfield JP, Souweidane MM (December 2005). "Endoscopic management of intracranial cysts".
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819:
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436:
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1930:
Wester K (August 2008). "Intracranial arachnoid cysts--do they impair mental functions?".
1581:
Reed SD, Cho DY, Paulsen D (2009). "Quadrigeminal
Arachnoid Cysts in a kitten and a dog".
989:
922:
377:
346:
There are some cases where hereditary disorders have been connected with arachnoid cysts.
298:
283:
81:
39:
855:"Computed tomography scan of the head in patients with migraine or tension-type headache"
357:). Blood vessels on the surface of a cyst may tear and bleed into the cyst (intracystic
349:
Some complications of arachnoid cysts can occur when a cyst is damaged because of minor
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Strojnik T (2006). "Different approaches to surgical treatment of arachnoid cysts".
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Richards G, Lusznat RM. "An arachnoid cyst in a patient with pre-senile dementia",
617:
340:
126:
57:
1959:
534:
Pharmacological treatments may address specific symptoms such as seizures or pain.
149:. A patient experiencing a headache does not necessarily have an arachnoid cyst.
2222:
1729:
1694:
1384:"Haemorrhage into an arachnoid cyst: a serious complication of minor head trauma"
578:
A study that looked at 2,536 healthy young males found a prevalence of 1.7% (95%
2441:
2402:
2344:
1440:
1435:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 724. pp. 37–50.
952:
935:
602:
350:
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101:
89:
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1125:
Alves da Silva J, Alves A, Talina M, Carreiro S, GuimarĂŁes J, Xavier M (2007).
1074:
17:
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2422:
2185:
2127:
1943:
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1651:
1569:
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1204:
936:"Musical hallucinosis in acquired deafness. Phenomenology and brain substrate"
545:
502:
454:
358:
332:
1304:
339:. The exact role that temporal lobe abnormalities play in the development of
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2601:
2584:
2516:
2263:
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2091:
2074:
1807:
556:
525:
512:
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396:
353:. Trauma can cause the fluid within a cyst to leak into other areas (e.g.,
272:
2135:
2100:
2059:
1951:
1859:
1815:
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1737:
1702:
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1552:
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146:
85:
314:
Patients with left temporal lobe cysts had mood disturbances similar to
220:
In elderly patients (>80 years old) symptoms were similar to chronic
1986:
1017:
910:
Cameron AD. "Psychotic phenomena with migraine and an arachnoid cyst",
559:
had postoperative improvement after surgical decompression of the cyst.
506:
161:
2168:
676:
515:
techniques are proving effective, including laser-assisted techniques.
47:
An MRI of a 25-year-old woman with left frontotemporal arachnoid cyst.
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2622:
2589:
2180:
198:
1431:
Westermaier T, Schweitzer T, Ernestus RI (2012). "Arachnoid Cysts".
376:
Arachnoid cysts can also occur secondary to other disorders such as
3137:
Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMALED)
735:
403:
395:
2244:
562:
Surgery can resolve psychiatric manifestations in selected cases.
139:
Cysts in the left middle cranial fossa have been associated with
2211:
140:
2295:
787:
The A-Z of
Neurological Practice: A Guide to Clinical Neurology
268:
Frontal arachnoid cysts have been associated with depression.
2034:"Incidental findings on brain MRI in the general population"
756:
Gelabert-González M (2004). "Intracranial arachnoid cysts".
318:(bipolar disorder) and were known to show outward aggression
2075:"Arachnoid cysts: case series and review of the literature"
1127:"Arachnoid cyst in a patient with psychosis: a case report"
1107:, Oxford University Press, USA; 2Rev Ed, 2003 Jan 23;208. (
271:
Cysts on the left temporal lobe have been associated with
117:
location, or potential functional impact on the patient.
2012:
423:(MMSE), a brief questionnaire-based test used to assess
457:
symptoms; for this reason, diagnosis is often delayed.
408:
Axial CT showing a typical arachnoid cyst left temporal
1329:
Oxford
University Press, USA (March 29, 2001); p129. (
853:
Valença MM, Valença LP, Menezes TL (September 2002).
2158:
1327:
In Search of
Madness: Schizophrenia and Neuroscience
435:
Arachnoid cysts can be found on the brain or on the
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3035:
3026:
3019:
2974:
2924:
2896:
2867:
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2454:
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129:(enlargement of the head), particularly in children
51:
32:
275:. A left fronto-temporal cyst showed symptoms of
400:Arachnoid cyst as seen on a CT image of the brain
195:(weakness or paralysis on one side of the body)
169:(excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid)
2307:
8:
1623:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1233:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1175:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1046:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
893:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
88:that may develop between the surface of the
2006:
2004:
1570:http://www.answers.com/topic/arachnoid-cyst
1105:Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience
906:
904:
3032:
3023:
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2460:
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2340:
2314:
2300:
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2159:
973:
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785:Barker RA, Scolding N, Rowe D, Larner AJ.
551:More specific prognoses are listed below:
62:
38:
29:
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2049:
1906:
1542:
1532:
1407:
1152:
1142:
951:
870:
781:
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1382:De K, Berry K, Denniston S (July 2002).
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
655:
3103:Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies
2776:Template:Demyelinating diseases of CNS
1881:Wester K, Hugdahl K (September 1995).
1616:
1226:
1168:
1039:
999:
997:
886:
2073:Pradilla G, Jallo G (February 2007).
480:drains into the subdural compartment.
7:
2954:Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
979:Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry
912:Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry
555:Patients with impaired preoperative
214:, a condition often associated with
3185:Infantile progressive bulbar palsy
732:"Arachnoid Cysts Information Page"
449:Arachnoid cysts can be relatively
293:A patient with a cyst on the left
25:
2888:Template:Cerebrovascular diseases
2691:Frontotemporal lobar degeneration
3237:Central nervous system disorders
2908:For more detailed coverage, see
2886:For more detailed coverage, see
2857:For more detailed coverage, see
2823:For more detailed coverage, see
2774:For more detailed coverage, see
1887:J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry
143:in a study on affected children.
104:. Primary arachnoid cysts are a
1975:J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci
872:10.1590/s0004-282x2002000400005
386:agenesis of the corpus callosum
92:and the cranial base or on the
308:-like headaches, and periodic
1:
3201:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
3086:Hereditary spastic paraplegia
2944:Normal pressure hydrocephalus
934:Griffiths TD (October 2000).
421:mini-mental state examination
100:that cover the brain and the
3170:Progressive muscular atrophy
1730:10.1016/j.surneu.2005.07.069
1695:10.1016/j.surneu.2005.12.032
1131:Annals of General Psychiatry
412:Diagnosis is principally by
343:arachnoid cysts is unknown.
2680:Primary progressive aphasia
1689:(1): 56–61, discussion 61.
1441:10.1007/978-1-4614-0653-2_3
988:September 28, 2007, at the
921:September 28, 2007, at the
261:arachnoid cyst can mimic a
3253:
3002:Hashimoto's encephalopathy
2708:Posterior cortical atrophy
2529:Striatonigral degeneration
2380:Cavernous sinus thrombosis
1852:10.3171/ped.2006.104.5.348
1595:10.1177/104063870902100519
1433:Neurodegenerative Diseases
1361:10.3171/jns.1995.83.6.1004
1262:10.1177/070674378703200809
1075:10.1258/002221503322334602
790:Cambridge University Press
638:Arnold–Chiari malformation
252:Location-specific symptoms
3108:Spinal muscular atrophies
3076:Primary lateral sclerosis
2934:Intracranial hypertension
2714:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
2128:10.1016/j.jns.2005.09.008
1944:10.1007/s00415-008-0011-y
1765:10.1080/02688690701339197
1652:10.1007/s00508-006-0540-2
1486:10.1016/j.jns.2012.03.008
1205:10.1080/02688690600776986
953:10.1093/brain/123.10.2065
290:-like symptoms at age 61.
286:resulted in new onset of
134:bobble-head doll syndrome
46:
37:
3175:Progressive bulbar palsy
2966:Intracranial hypotension
2949:Choroid plexus papilloma
2363:Herpesviral encephalitis
469:Surgical placement of a
335:) or compression of the
201:(lack of muscle control)
2687:Frontotemporal dementia
2373:Encephalitis lethargica
2092:10.3171/foc.2007.22.2.7
1808:10.3171/foc.2005.19.6.8
1521:Cerebrospinal Fluid Res
125:Cranial deformation or
2992:Hepatic encephalopathy
1640:Wien. Klin. Wochenschr
1305:10.1093/arclin/9.5.371
1293:Arch Clin Neuropsychol
1144:10.1186/1744-859x-6-16
1103:Cummings JL, Mega MS.
409:
401:
3050:Ataxia–telangiectasia
3007:Static encephalopathy
2730:Mitochondrial disease
2568:Spasmodic torticollis
2478:Basal ganglia disease
1899:10.1136/jnnp.59.3.293
1534:10.1186/1743-8454-7-8
1006:Acta Neurochir (Wien)
981:, 2001 May–June;5(3)
824:10.1212/wnl.48.5.1435
608:Dandy–Walker syndrome
603:Brain Tumors, General
485:cystoperitoneal shunt
407:
399:
174:intracranial pressure
3232:Congenital disorders
2997:Toxic encephalopathy
2703:Lewy bodies dementia
2051:10.1056/NEJMoa070972
1400:10.1136/emj.19.4.365
613:Empty sella syndrome
295:middle cranial fossa
235:Urinary incontinence
3045:Friedreich's ataxia
2428:Meningoencephalitis
2368:Limbic encephalitis
1846:(5 Suppl): 348–51.
792:2005 Jan 10, p61. (
224:or normal pressure
216:Alzheimer's disease
179:Developmental delay
106:congenital disorder
96:, one of the three
78:cerebrospinal fluid
3081:Pseudobulbar palsy
2819:Status epilepticus
2770:Multiple sclerosis
2607:Myoclonic epilepsy
2470:movement disorders
2416:Acute disseminated
2358:Viral encephalitis
2255:External resources
1987:10.1176/jnp.1.1.60
1583:J Vet Diagn Invest
1018:10.1007/bf01402113
914:2002 Mar-Apr 6(2)
859:Arq Neuropsiquiatr
633:Panhypopituitarism
628:Hyperprolactinemia
531:Capsular resection
410:
402:
355:subarachnoid space
282:Cyst on the right
183:Behavioral changes
112:Signs and symptoms
94:arachnoid membrane
3219:
3218:
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3214:
3211:
3210:
3015:
3014:
2920:
2919:
2859:Template:Headache
2825:Template:Epilepsy
2746:
2745:
2720:Vascular dementia
2563:Status dystonicus
2436:
2435:
2411:Encephalomyelitis
2289:
2288:
2014:2000 Jan 1;105. (
1646:(Suppl 2): 85–8.
1450:978-1-4614-0652-5
677:10.1159/000086566
665:Pediatr Neurosurg
522:needle aspiration
489:peritoneal cavity
371:CT cisternography
263:Ménière's disease
222:subdural hematoma
82:arachnoidal cells
71:
70:
27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3244:
3033:
3024:
2982:Brain herniation
2793:
2633:Intention tremor
2628:Essential tremor
2493:Postencephalitic
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1101:
1095:
1094:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1037:
1001:
992:
975:
966:
965:
955:
931:
925:
908:
899:
898:
892:
884:
874:
850:
844:
843:
807:
801:
783:
774:
773:
753:
747:
746:
744:
742:
728:
697:
696:
660:
593:Acoustic neuroma
453:or present with
316:manic depression
98:meningeal layers
67:
66:
42:
30:
21:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3207:
3133:Congenital DSMA
3054:
3011:
2970:
2916:
2904:Sleep disorders
2892:
2869:Cerebrovascular
2863:
2829:
2786:
2780:
2742:
2724:
2649:
2595:Choreoathetosis
2468:
2445:
2432:
2396:
2330:
2320:
2290:
2285:
2284:
2250:
2249:
2171:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2079:Neurosurg Focus
2072:
2071:
2067:
2038:N. Engl. J. Med
2031:
2030:
2026:
2009:
2002:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1796:Neurosurg Focus
1793:
1792:
1788:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1615:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1567:
1560:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1480:(1–2): 125–30.
1471:
1470:
1466:
1451:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1325:Heinrichs, RW.
1324:
1320:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1225:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1167:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1102:
1098:
1063:J Laryngol Otol
1060:
1059:
1055:
1038:
1003:
1002:
995:
990:Wayback Machine
976:
969:
946:(10): 2065–76.
933:
932:
928:
923:Wayback Machine
909:
902:
885:
852:
851:
847:
809:
808:
804:
784:
777:
755:
754:
750:
740:
738:
730:
729:
700:
662:
661:
657:
652:
647:
588:
569:
541:
463:
433:
394:
378:Marfan syndrome
325:
284:sylvian fissure
254:
189:Dysdiadokinesis
114:
74:Arachnoid cysts
61:
28:
23:
22:
18:Arachnoid cysts
15:
12:
11:
5:
3250:
3248:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3224:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3105:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3064:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3030:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2961:Cerebral edema
2958:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2930:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2910:Template:Sleep
2900:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2790:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2738:Leigh syndrome
2734:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2659:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2587:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2474:
2472:
2465:Extrapyramidal
2458:
2449:
2447:encephalopathy
2438:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2407:
2405:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2349:
2347:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2324:nervous system
2321:
2319:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2296:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2271:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2236:
2225:
2214:
2203:
2188:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:Classification
2156:
2155:External links
2153:
2150:
2149:
2116:J. Neurol. Sci
2106:
2065:
2044:(18): 1821–8.
2024:
2000:
1965:
1938:(8): 1113–20.
1922:
1873:
1829:
1786:
1753:Br J Neurosurg
1743:
1708:
1673:
1630:
1589:(5): 707–710.
1573:
1558:
1507:
1474:J. Neurol. Sci
1464:
1449:
1423:
1374:
1339:
1318:
1283:
1240:
1193:Br J Neurosurg
1182:
1117:
1096:
1053:
993:
967:
926:
900:
845:
802:
775:
764:(12): 1161–6.
760:(in Spanish).
748:
698:
654:
653:
651:
648:
646:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
589:
587:
584:
568:
565:
564:
563:
560:
540:
537:
536:
535:
532:
529:
518:
517:
516:
509:
494:
493:
492:
487:drains to the
481:
478:internal shunt
471:cerebral shunt
462:
459:
432:
431:Classification
429:
393:
390:
324:
321:
320:
319:
312:
302:hallucinations
291:
280:
269:
266:
259:supratentorial
253:
250:
249:
248:
247:
246:
243:
240:
237:
232:
218:
208:
202:
196:
190:
187:
184:
181:
176:
170:
164:
159:
158:
157:
154:
144:
137:
130:
113:
110:
69:
68:
55:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
33:Arachnoid cyst
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3249:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2987:Reye syndrome
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2939:Hydrocephalus
2937:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2752:Demyelinating
2749:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2640:Restless legs
2638:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2578:Blepharospasm
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2534:Hemiballismus
2532:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2399:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2385:Brain abscess
2383:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2317:
2312:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2122:(1–2): 81–4.
2121:
2117:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2020:0-683-30576-X
2017:
2013:
2010:Flaherty AW.
2007:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1759:(3): 276–80.
1758:
1754:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1355:(6): 1004–7.
1354:
1350:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1335:0-19-512219-4
1332:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1299:(5): 371–82.
1298:
1294:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1256:(8): 688–92.
1255:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1172:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1113:0-19-513858-9
1110:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1069:(9): 728–30.
1068:
1064:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1012:(1–2): 42–7.
1011:
1007:
1000:
998:
994:
991:
987:
984:
980:
974:
972:
968:
963:
959:
954:
949:
945:
941:
937:
930:
927:
924:
920:
917:
913:
907:
905:
901:
896:
890:
882:
878:
873:
868:
865:(3A): 542–7.
864:
860:
856:
849:
846:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
818:(5): 1435–9.
817:
813:
806:
803:
799:
798:0-521-62960-8
795:
791:
788:
782:
780:
776:
771:
767:
763:
759:
752:
749:
737:
733:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
699:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
659:
656:
649:
644:
643:Hydrocephalus
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
623:Syringomyelia
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
598:Arachnoiditis
596:
594:
591:
590:
585:
583:
581:
576:
574:
573:hydrocephalus
566:
561:
558:
554:
553:
552:
549:
547:
538:
533:
530:
527:
523:
519:
514:
510:
508:
504:
501:
500:
498:
495:
490:
486:
482:
479:
475:
474:
472:
468:
467:
466:
460:
458:
456:
452:
447:
444:
442:
441:radiculopathy
438:
430:
428:
426:
422:
417:
415:
406:
398:
391:
389:
387:
383:
382:arachnoiditis
379:
374:
372:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
344:
342:
338:
337:temporal lobe
334:
329:
322:
317:
313:
311:
307:
303:
300:
296:
292:
289:
288:schizophrenia
285:
281:
278:
274:
270:
267:
264:
260:
256:
255:
251:
244:
241:
238:
236:
233:
230:
229:
227:
226:hydrocephalus
223:
219:
217:
213:
209:
207:
206:hallucination
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
171:
168:
167:Hydrocephalus
165:
163:
160:
155:
151:
150:
148:
145:
142:
138:
135:
131:
128:
124:
123:
122:
118:
111:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
65:
59:
56:
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
3195:
3094:
3067:
3028:Degenerative
2765:Inflammatory
2712:
2645:Stiff-person
2483:Parkinsonism
2456:Degenerative
2353:Encephalitis
2336:Inflammation
2326:, primarily
2273:
2262:
2238:
2227:
2216:
2205:
2190:
2175:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2011:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1893:(3): 293–8.
1890:
1886:
1876:
1843:
1840:J. Neurosurg
1839:
1832:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1724:(6): 611–4.
1721:
1717:
1711:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1619:cite journal
1586:
1582:
1576:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1432:
1426:
1394:(4): 365–6.
1391:
1387:
1377:
1352:
1349:J. Neurosurg
1348:
1342:
1326:
1321:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1229:cite journal
1199:(3): 156–9.
1196:
1192:
1185:
1171:cite journal
1134:
1130:
1120:
1104:
1099:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1042:cite journal
1009:
1005:
978:
943:
939:
929:
911:
889:cite journal
862:
858:
848:
815:
811:
805:
786:
761:
757:
751:
739:. Retrieved
671:(4): 220–3.
668:
664:
658:
618:Porencephaly
577:
570:
567:Epidemiology
550:
542:
520:Drainage by
497:Fenestration
484:
477:
464:
451:asymptomatic
448:
445:
434:
418:
411:
375:
367:
348:
345:
341:middle fossa
330:
326:
127:macrocephaly
119:
115:
73:
72:
58:Neurosurgery
3180:Fazio–Londe
3020:Both/either
2814:Generalised
2673:Early-onset
2668:Alzheimer's
2403:spinal cord
1981:(1): 60–6.
1718:Surg Neurol
1683:Surg Neurol
1388:Emerg Med J
351:head trauma
277:alexithymia
239:Hemiparesis
210:Pre-senile
193:Hemiparesis
102:spinal cord
80:covered by
3226:Categories
2788:paroxysmal
2760:Autoimmune
2553:Dyskinesia
2423:Meningitis
2401:Brain and
2229:DiseasesDB
758:Rev Neurol
650:References
546:hemorrhage
513:endoscopic
503:Craniotomy
359:hemorrhage
333:hypoplasia
172:Increased
2785:Episodic/
2663:Tauopathy
2614:Akathisia
2602:Myoclonus
2585:Athetosis
2517:Tauopathy
2264:eMedicine
2240:SNOMED CT
2085:(2): E7.
1932:J. Neurol
1802:(6): E7.
812:Neurology
557:cognition
539:Prognosis
526:burr hole
461:Treatment
455:insidious
425:cognition
392:Diagnosis
273:psychosis
147:Headaches
53:Specialty
3151:SMALED2B
3146:SMALED2A
2843:Migraine
2835:Headache
2801:epilepsy
2797:Seizures
2655:Dementia
2558:Dystonia
2275:Orphanet
2269:radio/48
2245:33595009
2144:27917253
2136:16256141
2101:17608350
2060:17978290
1952:18677648
1868:35236043
1860:16848093
1824:24488862
1816:16398484
1781:46128402
1773:17612918
1738:16720186
1703:16793443
1668:45788859
1660:16817052
1611:28289664
1603:19737770
1553:20537169
1502:36127070
1494:22520095
1459:22411232
1418:12101165
1313:14589653
1278:30229064
1221:28934276
1213:16801049
1163:17598903
1091:26032192
1083:14561365
1034:24540942
986:Archived
962:11004124
919:Archived
881:12244387
840:28361288
770:15625636
741:April 7,
693:34344350
685:16088260
586:See also
511:Various
507:excision
363:hematoma
310:paranoia
306:migraine
299:auditory
245:Seizures
242:Headache
231:Dementia
212:dementia
204:Musical
162:Seizures
86:collagen
3163:SMA-PME
3158:SMA-PCH
3141:SMALED1
2853:Tension
2848:Cluster
2573:Meige's
2390:Amoebic
2223:D016080
1995:2577719
1917:7673959
1544:2898803
1409:1725893
1369:7490613
1270:3690485
1154:1933420
1026:1799142
832:9153486
265:attack.
2882:Stroke
2696:Pick's
2623:Tremor
2590:Chorea
2212:207790
2142:
2134:
2099:
2058:
2018:
1993:
1960:792144
1958:
1950:
1915:
1908:486033
1905:
1866:
1858:
1822:
1814:
1779:
1771:
1736:
1701:
1666:
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1609:
1601:
1551:
1541:
1500:
1492:
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1416:
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1333:
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1276:
1268:
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1137:: 16.
1111:
1089:
1081:
1032:
1024:
960:
879:
838:
830:
796:
768:
691:
683:
323:Causes
199:Ataxia
186:Nausea
153:study.
60:
3196:both:
3128:DSMA1
3123:SMAX2
3118:SMAX1
3098:only:
3071:only:
2975:Other
2897:Other
2809:Focal
2442:Brain
2345:Brain
2234:33219
2201:348.0
2186:G93.0
2140:S2CID
1956:S2CID
1864:S2CID
1820:S2CID
1777:S2CID
1664:S2CID
1607:S2CID
1527:: 8.
1498:S2CID
1274:S2CID
1217:S2CID
1087:S2CID
1030:S2CID
940:Brain
836:S2CID
736:NINDS
689:S2CID
505:with
437:spine
384:, or
90:brain
2799:and
2510:PKAN
2505:NBIA
2280:2356
2218:MeSH
2207:OMIM
2196:9-CM
2132:PMID
2097:PMID
2056:PMID
2016:ISBN
1991:PMID
1948:PMID
1913:PMID
1856:PMID
1812:PMID
1769:PMID
1734:PMID
1699:PMID
1656:PMID
1625:link
1599:PMID
1549:PMID
1490:PMID
1455:PMID
1445:ISBN
1414:PMID
1365:PMID
1331:ISBN
1309:PMID
1266:PMID
1235:link
1209:PMID
1177:link
1159:PMID
1109:ISBN
1079:PMID
1048:link
1022:PMID
958:PMID
895:link
877:PMID
828:PMID
794:ISBN
766:PMID
743:2017
681:PMID
297:had
141:ADHD
84:and
76:are
3113:SMA
3096:LMN
3069:UMN
3060:MND
2926:CSF
2877:TIA
2522:PSP
2498:NMS
2467:and
2328:CNS
2192:ICD
2177:ICD
2124:doi
2120:240
2087:doi
2046:doi
2042:357
1983:doi
1940:doi
1936:255
1903:PMC
1895:doi
1848:doi
1844:104
1804:doi
1761:doi
1726:doi
1691:doi
1648:doi
1644:118
1591:doi
1539:PMC
1529:doi
1482:doi
1478:318
1437:doi
1404:PMC
1396:doi
1357:doi
1301:doi
1258:doi
1201:doi
1149:PMC
1139:doi
1071:doi
1067:117
1014:doi
1010:113
948:doi
944:123
867:doi
820:doi
673:doi
524:or
476:An
414:MRI
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3037:SA
2544:OA
2539:HD
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