330:, who is described as "the god of the Sun and of the Moon, the god of Light (Splendour), who was so proud of his beauty, and who for his pride was driven from Paradise". Diana instructs Aradia to "go to earth below / To be a teacher unto women and men / Who fain would study witchcraft." When Aradia descends, she becomes the first of all
1888:
342:
has a chapter containing folklore about the night assembly or banquet, titled "The Sabbat: Tregunda or Witch
Meeting", which involves Diana. Leland comments in the Appendix, "I also believe that in this Gospel of the Witches we have a trustworthy outline at least of the doctrine and rites observed at
208:
dealing with witchcraft by the 12th century. Regino reports that there were groups of women who believed that they could go on night journeys where they would fly across the sky to meet Diana and her train. The name of
Herodias is not present in the text as attributed to Regino, but in the version
460:, an "ethnic Italian" form of Wicca introduced by Raven Grimassi in the 1980s. Grimassi claims that there was a historical figure called "Aradia di Toscano", whom he portrays as the founder of a revivalist religion of Italian witchcraft in the 14th century. Grimassi claims that Leland's
316:, a book which he claimed was the religious text belonging to a group of Tuscan witches who venerated Diana as the Queen of the Witches. He also claimed that he had been given the book by a Tuscan woman named Maddalena, although historians such as
337:
Aradia is described as having continuing power to affect the world after she returns to the sphere of Diana. For example, in "A Spell to Win Love", the "Invocation to Diana" asks Diana to send her daughter Aradia to perform the magic. Leland's
261:, noted: "Although venerated elsewhere in Europe, Herodias was especially beloved in Italy. She and Diana are the goddesses most frequently mentioned in witch-trial transcripts and were apparently worshipped together".
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through the centuries. Instead of Leland's goddess Diana and her messianic daughter Aradia, Kelly's text described mortal human beings. The priestesses' names alternated between
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1832:
1745:
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174:, now also seen as a host of spirits flying through the night across the Italian countryside. Other names attached to the night flight of Herodias included
2288:
349:
Leland also equates Aradia with
Herodias, explaining his speculation that Herodias was actually Lilith: "This was not ... derived from the Herodias of the
357:, bearing the same name ... So far back as the sixth century the worship of Herodias and Diana by witches was condemned by a Church Council at Ancyra."
343:
these meetings . They adored forbidden deities and practised forbidden deeds, inspired as much by rebellion against
Society as by their own passions."
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1950:
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act becomes not only an expression of the divine life force, but an act of resistance against all forms of oppression and the primary focus of
109:, Aradia has become "arguably one of the central figures of the modern pagan witchcraft revival" and as such has featured in various forms of
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284:), whom he believed was a "metamorphosis of Diana". She was viewed as the patroness of a secretive group of dancers known as the
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Encyclopedia of
Spirits: The Ultimate Guide to the Magic of Fairies, Genies, Demons, Ghosts, Gods & Goddesses
883:
334:, and promises her students that "ye shall all be freed from slavery, / And so ye shall be free in everything."
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who was sent to Earth in order to teach the oppressed peasants how to perform witchcraft to use against the
1004:, which contains an academic discussion of the history and controversies associated with Leland and Aradia.
125:, founder of the Wiccan-inspired tradition of Stregheria, claims that Aradia was a historical figure named
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Magliocco, Sabina (2009). "Aradia in
Sardinia: The Archaeology of a Folk Character". Hidden Publishing.
526:". Magliocco also notes that the text "has not achieved broad diffusion in contemporary Pagan circles".
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1023:, a Web site devoted to Aradia as a Wiccan goddess and as a powerful spirit in Italian folklore.
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and other writers have noted the evident identification of
Herodias with Lilith. Historian
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Leland speculates that this folklore ultimately has roots in ancient
Etruscan mythology.
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Magliocco, Sabina (2009). 'Aradia in
Sardinia: The Archaeology of a Folk Character' in
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Magliocco, Sabina (2009). 'Aradia in
Sardinia: The Archaeology of a Folk Character' in
571:
Magliocco, Sabina (2009). 'Aradia in Sardinia: The Archaeology of a Folk Character' in
438:
370:
183:
122:
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Magliocco, Sabina (2002). "Who Was Aradia? The History and Development of a Legend",
618:
Sabina Magliocco (2002). 'Who Was Aradia? The History and Development of a Legend' in
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221:). Magliocco (2002) suggests that the legends surrounding this figure, known as
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Erodiade (Herodias), the Cult of Herodias, the night assembly, and Aradia.
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Rosemary Ellen Guiley, The Encyclopedia of Witches and Witchcraft, 1989
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Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period
1889:
Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
933:
Ways of the Strega: Italian Witchcraft, Its Lore, Magick and Spells
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that this identification with Herodias was inspired by the work of
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667:(February 1975). "Some Observations on European Witchcraft" in
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is a "distorted Christianized version" of the story of Aradia.
954:
The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft
94:, who was later merged with other folkloric figures such as
245:. Magliocco believed that the latter of these two figures,
46:
is one of the principal figures in the American folklorist
865:(1980, 1989), First Wingbo edition 1989, pp. 23, 27, 44.
863:
The Holy Book of Women's Mysteris: Complete in One Volume
498:). The text contained a list of mother and daughter
449:. Aradia was invoked in spellcraft in Z. Budapest's
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begins with the tale of Aradia's birth to Diana and
276:, was a name used for a Romanian folkloric Queen of
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86:has theorised that prior to being used in Leland's
399:as well as some other forms of Neo-Paganism. Some
288:who operated up until at least the 19th century.
90:, Aradia was originally a supernatural figure in
998:The complete text of "Aradia" by Charles Leland.
433:invoked Aradia as a moon goddess in the 1960s.
1746:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament
488:New Reformed Orthodox Order of the Golden Dawn
320:have disputed the truth of these such claims.
1833:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts
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620:The Pomegranate: The Journal of Pagan Studies
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518:character; according to her teachings, the
213:, written c. 1012, the reference to Diana (
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741:Leland is referring to the Canon Episcopi.
418:Portions of Leland's text influenced the
395:Aradia has become an important figure in
467:Neo-Pagan narratives of Aradia include
147:. It appears that Herodias, the wife of
552:
217:) was augmented by "or with Herodias" (
204:). It became notable as a paragraph of
2152:List of people executed for witchcraft
379:. Anthropologist and field folklorist
27:Character in the Gospel of the Witches
2121:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire
996:"Aradia or the Gospel of the Witches"
957:. New York: Oxford University Press.
7:
2299:Witchcraft in folklore and mythology
684:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
496:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
462:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
324:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
313:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
298:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
53:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
1021:Goddess Aradia and Related Subjects
575:. Hidden Publishing. Page 40 to 60.
264:The Romanian historian of religion
2289:People whose existence is disputed
2218:Left-hand path and right-hand path
1793:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus
792:Farrar, Janet and Stewart (1983).
671:Volume 14, Number 3. Page 160-161.
451:The Holy Book of Women's Mysteries
105:Since the publication of Leland's
25:
353:, but from an earlier replica of
306:In 1899, the American folklorist
1002:The Stregoneria Italiana Project
681:Leland, Charles Godfrey (1899).
635:. Hidden Publishing. Page 54-55.
633:Ten Years of Triumph of the Moon
586:Ten Years of Triumph of the Moon
573:Ten Years of Triumph of the Moon
490:, distributed a document titled
241:(Araja the just) were found in
2279:New religious movement deities
1916:Jamyi Witch hiring controversy
1777:Summis desiderantes affectibus
456:Aradia is a central figure in
1:
588:. Hidden Publishing. Page 42.
415:, or "Queen of the Witches".
198:
191:De ecclesiasticis disciplinis
137:The Italian form of the name
1921:accusations against children
1817:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
914:, from www.AradiaGoddess.com
541:Triple Goddess (Neopaganism)
475:(1993), by Aidan Kelly; and
829:Farrar, Janet and Stewart.
758:. Oxford University Press.
479:, by Myth Woodling (2001).
471:(1981), by Raven Grimassi;
469:The Book of the Holy Strega
407:as one of the names of the
189:is a passage from the work
71:, Aradia is portrayed as a
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1841:Daemonolatreiae libri tres
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559:
295:
29:
1873:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men
831:Eight Sabbats for Witches
818:The Rebirth of Witchcraft
794:Eight Sabbats for Witches
502:who had taught religious
443:Eight Sabbats for Witches
2203:Christian views on magic
1881:The Discovery of Witches
1753:Directorium Inquisitorum
930:Grimassi, Raven (1996).
121:, as an actual deity.
1809:De praestigiis daemonum
1761:De maleficis mulieribus
951:Hutton, Ronald (1999).
908:Woodling, Myth (2001),
441:used the name in their
376:Satanism and Witchcraft
259:Encyclopedia of Spirits
253:in Sardinian folklore.
215:cum Diana paganorum dea
79:and the upper classes.
1865:Compendium Maleficarum
1857:Magical Investigations
1748:(8th–2nd centuries BC)
911:Secret Story of Aradia
477:Secret Story of Aradia
308:Charles Godfrey Leland
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237:(Araja the demon) and
48:Charles Godfrey Leland
2254:14th century in Italy
1488:Cloak of invisibility
1244:Solitary practitioner
1157:Witch-cult hypothesis
782:, volume 18, p. 5–22.
427:Charge of the Goddess
302:Witch-cult hypothesis
77:Roman Catholic Church
2208:Magical organization
1723:Witches of Benevento
884:"Stregheria.com FAQ"
669:History of Religions
486:, co-founder of the
2304:Witchcraft in Italy
2259:Children of Lucifer
1825:Newes from Scotland
1785:Malleus Maleficarum
1162:Anglo-Saxon England
756:Triumph of the Moon
720:Leland, Chapter VII
492:The Gospel of Diana
473:The Gospel of Diana
367:Triumph of the Moon
2177:Witches in fiction
2165:In popular culture
1739:historic treatises
1013:2010-04-05 at the
816:Valiente, Doreen.
536:Etruscan mythology
2294:Religion in Italy
2264:Diana (mythology)
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2198:Witch (archetype)
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1435:Sympathetic magic
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979:978-0-9555237-5-5
871:978-0-914728-67-2
851:978-0-7090-1293-1
654:978-0-06-135024-5
425:, especially the
401:Wiccan traditions
219:vel cum Herodiade
211:Burchard of Worms
157:Early Middle Ages
127:Aradia di Toscano
18:Aradia di Toscano
16:(Redirected from
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2172:Magic in fiction
2002:Northern Moravia
1956:
1936:Papua New Guinea
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1688:Nine sorceresses
1440:Witches' Sabbath
1289:Ceremonial magic
1279:Apotropaic magic
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381:Sabina Magliocco
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84:Sabina Magliocco
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890:on May 22, 2006
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3:
2:
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2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2228:Folk religion
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
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2184:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
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2153:
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2145:
2143:
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2138:
2135:
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2128:
2122:
2119:
2118:
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2112:
2100:
2097:
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2064:
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2036:
2034:
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2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
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1969:
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1961:
1957:
1954:
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1948:
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1927:
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1911:
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1750:
1747:
1744:
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1735:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1718:Three Witches
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
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1679:
1678:Morgan le Fay
1676:
1674:
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1666:
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1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1523:Kitchen witch
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
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1477:
1474:
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1469:
1467:
1464:
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1459:
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1433:
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1401:
1399:
1396:
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1371:
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1309:
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1198:
1190:
1187:
1186:
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1177:
1175:
1174:Latin America
1172:
1168:
1165:
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1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
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1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1098:Witch smeller
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
993:
989:
981:
975:
970:
966:
964:0-19-820744-1
960:
956:
955:
949:
945:
943:1-56718-253-4
939:
936:. Llewellyn.
935:
934:
928:
927:
921:
913:
912:
905:
902:
889:
885:
879:
876:
872:
868:
864:
861:Budapest, Z.
858:
855:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:0-919345-26-3
836:
832:
826:
823:
819:
813:
810:
805:
803:0-919345-26-3
799:
795:
788:
785:
781:
775:
772:
767:
765:0-500-27242-5
761:
757:
753:
747:
744:
738:
735:
729:
727:
723:
717:
714:
711:
705:
702:
696:
694:1-56414-679-0
690:
686:
685:
677:
674:
670:
666:
661:
658:
655:
651:
647:
641:
638:
634:
628:
625:
621:
615:
612:
606:
603:
599:
598:Grimassi 1996
594:
591:
587:
581:
578:
574:
568:
565:
561:
556:
553:
546:
542:
539:
537:
534:
533:
529:
527:
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521:
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513:
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501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
421:
416:
414:
410:
409:Great Goddess
406:
403:use the name
402:
398:
390:
388:
386:
382:
378:
377:
372:
368:
364:
363:Ronald Hutton
360:
356:
352:
351:New Testament
347:
344:
341:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
319:
318:Ronald Hutton
315:
314:
309:
303:
299:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
272:, along with
271:
267:
266:Mircea Eliade
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:s'Araja justa
244:
240:
239:s'Araja justa
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
207:
196:
192:
188:
187:
181:
177:
173:
169:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
149:Herod Antipas
146:
142:
141:
132:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
55:
54:
50:'s 1899 work
49:
45:
39:
38:Aradia Megido
35:
34:
19:
2193:Witch (word)
2142:Witch's mark
1951:Early Modern
1887:
1879:
1871:
1863:
1855:
1849:Daemonologie
1847:
1839:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1807:
1801:Laienspiegel
1799:
1791:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1683:Muma Pădurii
1627:
1614:Folklore and
1585:Sator Square
1538:Magic circle
1533:Magic carpet
1493:Crystal ball
1430:Spiritualism
1254:Witch doctor
1137:Cunning folk
953:
932:
910:
904:
892:. Retrieved
888:the original
878:
862:
857:
842:
830:
825:
817:
812:
793:
787:
779:
774:
755:
746:
737:
716:
704:
683:
676:
668:
660:
645:
640:
632:
627:
619:
614:
605:
593:
585:
580:
572:
567:
555:
511:
507:
495:
491:
481:
476:
472:
468:
466:
461:
455:
450:
446:
442:
431:Alex Sanders
417:
413:Moon Goddess
404:
394:
374:
366:
365:suggests in
348:
345:
339:
336:
323:
322:
311:
305:
281:
273:
269:
263:
258:
255:Judika Illes
250:
246:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
190:
185:
179:
175:
165:
153:Christianity
144:
138:
136:
126:
113:, including
106:
104:
95:
87:
81:
68:
51:
43:
42:
31:
1900:Persecution
1769:Formicarius
1713:Spearfinger
1653:Elbow witch
1553:Magic sword
1518:Julleuchter
1503:Goofer dust
1445:White magic
1358:Incantation
1284:Black magic
1239:Renaissance
1207:Chaos magic
1179:Middle East
1110:Philippines
894:October 13,
622:, Issue 18.
560:Hutton 1999
500:priestesses
484:Aidan Kelly
391:Neopaganism
278:the Fairies
111:Neopaganism
2274:Messianism
2248:Categories
2213:Maleficium
2137:Witch-hunt
1941:Witch camp
1600:Witch ball
1543:Magic ring
1528:Love charm
1383:Necromancy
1378:Moon magic
1373:Mediumship
1368:Love magic
1353:Gray magic
1333:Divination
1132:Benandanti
1062:witchcraft
922:References
710:Chapter II
504:witchcraft
458:Stregheria
420:Gardnerian
310:published
251:sa Rejusta
202: 906
119:Stregheria
96:sa Rejusta
2114:Classical
1633:Baba Yaga
1616:mythology
1425:Spiritism
1415:Sex magic
1393:Shamanism
1388:Occultism
1343:Evocation
1338:Entheogen
1316:Damnation
1267:Practices
699:Chapter I
562:. p. 148.
482:In 1992,
257:, in her
206:canon law
197:(written
180:Noctiluca
33:Homestuck
2147:Pricking
2058:Scotland
1981:Virginia
1971:New York
1966:Maryland
1959:Americas
1708:Sorginak
1698:Pasiphaë
1590:Talisman
1560:Mojo bag
1508:Grimoire
1403:Regional
1348:Familiar
1311:Anathema
1227:Neopagan
1222:Medieval
1127:Akelarre
1011:Archived
1008:"Aradia"
845:(1984).
833:(1981).
754:(2000).
708:Leland,
648:(2009).
530:See also
359:Pipernus
286:calusari
274:Irodiada
243:Sardinia
186:Episcopi
145:Erodiade
140:Herodias
133:Folklore
100:Sardinia
30:For the
2186:Related
2130:Related
2048:Iceland
2043:Finland
2038:England
2033:Denmark
1997:Hungary
1693:Obayifo
1623:Agamede
1580:Potions
1513:Incense
1454:Objects
1274:Animism
1249:Warlock
1184:Oceania
1167:Britain
820:(1989).
385:Italian
332:witches
328:Lucifer
176:Minerva
166:By the
155:of the
73:messiah
65:Tuscany
61:witches
2269:Lilith
2099:Basque
2084:Geneva
2079:France
2063:Sweden
2053:Norway
2028:Baltic
2012:Russia
2007:Poland
1908:Modern
1892:(1751)
1884:(1647)
1876:(1627)
1868:(1608)
1860:(1599)
1852:(1597)
1844:(1595)
1836:(1593)
1828:(1591)
1820:(1584)
1812:(1563)
1804:(1509)
1796:(1489)
1788:(1487)
1780:(1484)
1772:(1475)
1764:(1440)
1756:(1376)
1703:Sebile
1658:Hecate
1628:Aradia
1575:Poppet
1570:Nkondi
1483:Censer
1466:Athame
1461:Amulet
1420:Sigils
1408:Yellow
1217:Hoodoo
1212:Goetia
1189:Mākutu
1117:Europe
1088:Azande
1083:Africa
1076:Region
976:
961:
940:
869:
849:
837:
800:
762:
691:
652:
524:ritual
520:sexual
516:erotic
508:Aradia
405:Aradia
355:Lilith
340:Aradia
223:Aradia
184:canon
182:. The
107:Gospel
88:Gospel
69:Gospel
44:Aradia
2233:Adept
2094:Spain
2089:Italy
1976:Salem
1931:Nepal
1926:India
1737:Major
1673:Medea
1668:Kalku
1648:Drude
1643:Dayan
1638:Circe
1565:Nkisi
1476:besom
1471:Broom
1398:Black
1328:Demon
1306:Curse
1301:Coven
1232:Wicca
1152:Völva
1147:Seiðr
1122:Italy
1093:Ghana
1069:Types
1058:Magic
547:Notes
512:Diana
435:Janet
397:Wicca
270:Arada
231:Araja
227:Arada
172:Diana
151:, in
115:Wicca
58:pagan
1663:Huld
1595:Wand
1363:Jinn
1321:Jinx
1200:Form
1105:Asia
1060:and
974:ISBN
959:ISBN
938:ISBN
896:2005
867:ISBN
847:ISBN
835:ISBN
798:ISBN
760:ISBN
689:ISBN
650:ISBN
510:and
445:and
437:and
300:and
178:and
117:and
373:in
229:or
209:by
193:by
143:is
98:of
63:in
2250::
841:.
725:^
453:.
429:.
411:,
225:,
199:c.
102:.
1050:e
1043:t
1036:v
982:.
967:.
946:.
898:.
873:.
806:.
768:.
697:.
600:.
280:(
40:.
20:)
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