2875:) postulates that the Crown of Aragon's political capital of Zaragoza though it was not the economic or the administrative one since the court was itinerative in the 14th century and took its start from the decrees of Peter IV of Aragon establishing his coronation there: "Pedro IV parte (...) de la aceptación de la capital del Ebro como 'cabeza del Reino'. por eso hizo saber a sus súbditos que 'Mandamos que este sacrosanto sacramento de la unción sea recibido de manos del metropolitano en la ciudad de Zaragoza' al tiempo que recordaba: "... y como quiera que los reyes de Aragón están obligados a recibir la unción en la ciudad de Zaragoza, que es la cabeza del Reino de Aragón, el cual reino es nuestra principal designación—esto es, apellido—y título, consideramos conveniente y razonable que, del mismo modo, en ella reciban los reyes de Aragón el honor de la coronación y las demás insignias reales, igual que vimos a los emperadores recibir la corona en la ciudad de Roma, cabeza de su imperio. Zaragoza, antigua capital del reino de Aragón, se ha convertido en la capital política de la Corona (...)".
2664:
2196:
1504:
2721:
1966:
1124:
2297:
2702:
2629:
130:
147:
2518:
2474:
4747:
116:
1570:, the only remaining independent Sardinian state, proved far more difficult to subdue. The rulers of Arborea developed the ambition to unite all of Sardinia under their rule and create a single Sardinian state, and at a certain point (1368–1388, 1392–1409) almost managed to drive the Aragonese out. The war between Arborea and Aragon was fought on and off for more than 100 years; this situation lasted until 1409, when the army of Arborea suffered a heavy defeat by the Aragonese army in the
2683:
2347:
2420:
636:
2604:
2445:
1135:
2539:
2370:
2320:
1835:
2560:
1673:
1086:(The Battler, reigned 1104–1134) had fought against Castile for hegemony in the Iberian peninsula. Upon the death of Alfonso I, the Aragonese nobility that campaigned close to him feared being overwhelmed by the influence of Castile. And so, Ramiro was forced to leave his monastic life and proclaim himself King of Aragon. He married Agnes, sister of the
2236:
in the 19th century, Algerian Lingua Franca was heavily gallicised (to the extent that locals are reported having believed that they spoke French when conversing in Lingua Franca with the
Frenchmen, who in turn thought they were speaking Arabic), and this version of the language was spoken into the nineteen hundreds...
1399:, was to cease. James I had realized that wasting his forces and distracting his energies in attempts to keep a footing in France would only end in disaster. In January 1266, James I besieged and captured Murcia, then settled his own men, mostly Catalans, there; and handed Murcia over to Castile with the
3011:
The new kingdom of
Castile had roughly tripled in size to some 335,000 square kilometres by 1300 but, at the same time, its population had increased by the same factor, from one to three millions In the new Crown of Aragon of 120,000 square kilometres the population density would have been about the
2235:
As the use of Lingua Franca spread in the
Mediterranean, dialectal fragmentation emerged, the main difference being more use of Italian and Provençal vocabulary in the Middle East, while Ibero-Romance lexical material dominated in the Maghreb. After France became the dominant power in the latter area
1578:
was lost in 1410. After some years during which
Arborean rulers failed to organise a successful resurgence, they sold their remaining rights for 100,000 gold florins, and by 1420 the Aragonese Kingdom of Sardinia finally extended throughout the island. The subduing of Sardinia having taken a century,
1339:
began on 12 September 1213. The
Catalan, Aragonese and Occitan forces were disorganised and disintegrated under the assault of Montfort's squadrons. Peter himself was caught in the thick of fighting, and died as a result of a foolhardy act of bravado. Thus, the nobility of Toulouse, Foix and other
1765:
The literary evocation of past splendour recalls correctly the great age of the 13th and 14th centuries, when
Majorca, Valencia and Sicily were conquered, the population growth could be handled without social conflict, and the urban prosperity, which peaked in 1345, created the institutional and
3040:
This group of states comprised the kingdoms of Aragon, Valencia, and
Majorca, the principality of Catalonia, and the counties of Roussillon and Cerdagne; further afield it embraced the kingdoms of Sicily and Sardinia. These states had no common institutions or bonds save allegiance to a common
1950:
than to the historical reality of the Crown. This vision survives today as "a nostalgic programme of politicised culture". Thus, the history of the Crown of Aragon remains a politically loaded topic in modern Spain, especially when it comes to asserting the level of independence enjoyed by
3992:
1809:. The original political structure was swept away, the administration was subsumed into the Castilian laws, the states of the Crown of Aragon loss their status of separate entitites and were united formally with those of Castile to legally form a single state, the
1231:
by renouncing the
Aragonese rights of annexing Murcia in exchange for securing the Aragonese frontier with Castile. This action should be seen as result of the aforementioned priority given over the Occitan and Catalan dominions of the Crown of Aragon.
3984:
3547:
2663:
779:
The component realms of the Crown were not united politically except at the level of the king, who ruled over each autonomous polity according to its own laws, raising funds under each tax structure, dealing separately with each
2137:. The Spanish historian Domingo Buesa Conde has argued that Zaragoza ought to be considered the permanent political capital, but not the economic or administrative capital, owing to the obligation for kings to be crowned at the
1790:, the loss of Minorca and its Italian domains in 1707–1716, and the imposition of French language on Roussillon (1700) and Castilian as the language of government in all the old Aragonese Crown lands in Spain (1707–1716).
1951:
constituents of the Crown, like the
Principality of Catalonia, which is sometimes used to justify the level of autonomy (or independence) that should be enjoyed by contemporary Catalonia and other territories.
2251:
Linguist Steven
Dworkin hypothesized that Catalan was the point of entry for Mediterranean Lingua Franca terms into Spain, arguably the source of several Italian and Arabic loanwords in Spanish, citing the
1632:
The fact that the King was keen on settling new kingdoms instead of merely expanding the existing kingdoms was a part of a power struggle that pitted the interests of the king against those of the existing
1655:
as an instrument of self-government in order to limit the power of nobility in these new acquisitions and, at the same time, increase their allegiance to the monarchy itself. The trend in the neighbouring
1769:
The Aragonese crown's wealth and power stagnated and its authority was steadily transferred to the new Spanish crown settled in Castile after that date—the demographic growth was partially offset by the
2132:
settled the capital in Naples. Alfonso, in particular, wanted to transform Naples into a real Mediterranean capital and lavished huge sums to embellish it further. Later the courts were itinerant until
2253:
3347:
3962:
4234:
1921:
as an argument against the centralism of Spanish nationalism and in favor of federalism, confederation, or even independence. Some Catalans associated their ancient political status with their
1749:, known as Emperor Charles V, in 1516 ruled over all of the kingdoms on the Iberian peninsula, save the Kingdoms of Portugal and the Algarve, under one monarch—his co-monarch and mother Queen
2720:
2052:
in its place. After the dynastic union with Castile and the establishment of the monarchs in that realm, the king began to be permanently represented in the realms of the Crown of Aragon by
4239:
3670:
3543:
1340:
vassals of the Crown of Aragon were defeated. The conflict concluded with the Treaty of Meaux-Paris in 1229, in which the Crown of Aragon agreed to renounce its rights over the south of
6465:
2391:
Joined with Aragon in 1162 to form the Crown. Through the 12th and the 14th centuries, the County of Barcelona developed common institutions and legislation with the other
6435:
3818:
2244:
as a language. Although its official classification is that of a pidgin, some scholars adamantly oppose that classification and believe it would be better viewed as an
3365:
2939:
1742:
1642:
1127:
934:
4122:
2998:
2701:
146:
3113:
1044:, who ascended to the throne in 1162. This union respected the existing institutions and parliaments of both territories. The combined state was initially known as
2172:, were contrary to the more plural development that preceded in the Crown of Aragon. The previous religious background was described as "longstanding tradition of
3138:, Salvat, vol. II page 60: "El Reino de Aragon, el Principado de Cataluña, el Reino de Valencia y el Reino de Mallorca, constituyen una confederación de Estados".
6480:
1782:(1609). It was unable to prevent the separation of Sicily and Naples due to the establishment of the Council of Italy, the loss of Roussillon in 1659 after the
949:, whereas Portugal, which completed its southward expansion in 1249, would focus on the Atlantic Ocean. Mercenaries from the territories in the Crown, known as
1894:
in Spain consider the former kingdoms of the Crown of Aragon to be the foundation of their nations, the Catalan nationalist movement being the most prominent.
1733:, who became Queen of Castile and León after Henry's death in 1474. Their marriage was a dynastic union which became the constituent event for the dawn of the
4682:
3351:
3954:
2068:
from Peter II (12th century). The General Courts of the Crown (the simultaneous meeting of the Courts of Catalonia, Aragon and Valencia) used to gather at
1664:
by granting different grades of self-government either to cities or territories, instead of placing the new territories under the direct rule of nobility.
1383:
renounced any historical claim of feudal overlordship over Catalonia. The general principle was clear, Catalan influence north of the Pyrenees, beyond the
2149:
During the Crown of Aragon, the Catalan culture and language underwent a vigorous expansion. During the period of trade, Occitan-Catalan contributions to
4266:
2682:
1106:(Ruler of the Kingdom and Commander of the Aragonese Military) but the title of King of Aragon was reserved for Ramiro II and Berenguer's future sons.
2195:
1741:
and the states of the Crown of Aragon remained distinct polities, each keeping its own traditional institutions, parliaments and laws. The process of
6470:
1316:
3932:
3885:
1186:
983:
However, the different territories were only connected through the person of the monarch. A modern historian, Juan de Contreras y Lopez de Ayala,
4079:
3162:
6460:
4169:
2100:
1891:
1775:
1503:
1095:
6244:
5626:
4116:
4035:
3926:
3871:
3777:
3077:
3033:
2104:
6440:
4481:
4049:
1629:, rather than subjected directly to a centralised government. They were more an economic part of the Crown of Aragon than a political one.
2898:
800:. The larger Crown of Aragon must not be confused with one of its constituent parts, the Kingdom of Aragon, from which it takes its name.
129:
2103:, which was the official repository of royal documentation of the Crown since the reign of Alfonso II (12th century), was located in the
1546:, ignoring already existing, indigenous states. In 1324, James II finally started to seize the Pisan territories in the former states of
6490:
2138:
2065:
1960:
135:
6296:
5296:
3738:
3623:
6445:
3814:
3664:
3107:
2264:
The crown was made up of the following territories (which are nowadays parts of the modern countries of Spain, France, Italy, Greece,
3910:
Aspects of the comparison between Maltese, Mediterranean Lingua Franca and the Occitan-Catalan linguistic group (13th–15th centuries)
3695:(in Catalan). Bruguera, J. (Jordi); Massot i Muntaner, Josep. Montserrat: Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat. 1980. p. 189.
4940:
4218:
3801:
3577:
3190:
2992:
2962:
2923:
2872:
1877:
1037:
2177:
1810:
629:
2223:. Among the speakers who created the language, also called Sabir, were Muslims from Aragon called "Tagarins" (a term mentioned by
1699:, representatives from each Iberian state of the Crown, the kingdoms of Aragon, Valencia and the Principality of Catalonia, chose
6485:
4675:
5922:
3825:
1500:
completed the conquest of the Kingdom of Valencia, the Crown of Aragon established itself as one of the major powers in Europe.
1123:
2670:
2563:
1844:
1535:
1335:
where they were joined by Raymond of Foix and Raymond of Toulouse's forces, in September 1213 to confront Montfort's army. The
955:
participated in the creation of this Mediterranean empire, and later found employment in countries all across southern Europe.
1150:
611:
597:
115:
6455:
4889:
4721:
4259:
3700:
1273:
succeeded in extending its influence to the area that is now south of France through strong family ties, in the areas of the
828:
485:
381:
1426:
and as a vassal of the Crown of Aragon after that date until 1349, becoming a full member of the Crown of Aragon from 1349.
1965:
6475:
6360:
4864:
4177:
4161:
2784:
2506:
1910:
1798:
1746:
1312:
1076:
832:
741:
2502:
1625:
The King's possessions outside of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands were ruled by proxy through local elites as
511:
6355:
6239:
1161:
looked south in a battle against Castile for the control of the middle valley of the Ebro in the Iberian peninsula. The
5402:
3593:
1109:
Raymond Berenguer IV, the first ruler of the united dynasty, called himself Count of Barcelona and "Prince of Aragon".
6365:
5084:
4668:
4621:
2591:
2296:
2241:
2208:
3451:
3420:
3214:
6450:
4691:
4631:
4626:
4601:
4586:
3724:
3315:
3263:
3151:, chapter II. The age of the Early Count-Kings (1137–1213) (The Principate of Ramon Berenguer IV 1137–1162), p. 31.
2749:
2628:
2165:
1684:
1145:
937:
of the Aragonese Crown in the Iberian Peninsula stopped in Murcia, which eventually consolidated as a realm of the
328:
5035:
1637:. This process was also under way in most of the European states that successfully effected the transition to the
6323:
5471:
4606:
4591:
4496:
4252:
2754:
2744:
2373:
1787:
1779:
1438:
875:
789:
3482:
1200:
as the Aragonese nobility demanded. Like his father, he gave priority to the expansion and consolidation of the
6430:
6281:
6256:
6106:
5765:
5760:
4616:
4275:
2404:
1922:
1368:
958:
The Crown of Aragon has been considered an empire which ruled in the Mediterranean for hundreds of years, with
1718:
recovered the northern Catalan counties—Roussillon and Cerdagne—which had been lost to France as well as the
851:. The 'de facto' capital and leading cultural, administrative and economic centre of the Crown of Aragon was
6495:
6348:
6229:
5770:
5723:
5666:
5365:
5309:
5057:
4636:
4378:
3654:
2517:
2044:
From the 15th century onwards, every realm of the Crown was granted its own court of justice in the form of
1449:
1182:
1068:
945:. Subsequently, the Aragonese Crown focused on the Mediterranean, governing as far afield as Greece and the
5822:
5537:
5291:
2473:
6370:
6271:
6266:
5954:
5902:
5755:
5659:
5644:
5304:
5258:
5099:
4986:
4841:
4818:
4581:
4185:
3693:
Actes del cinquè Col·loqui Internacional de Llengua i Literatura Catalanes: Andorra, 1–6 d'octubre de 1979
2731:
2616:
2157:
2129:
1848:
1814:
1715:
1704:
1700:
1676:
1591:
1507:
1324:
362:
4520:
2176:, the royal sanctioning and protection of subject Muslim populations within Christian realms." Aesthetic
6301:
6261:
6074:
5949:
5013:
5003:
4962:
4933:
4826:
4783:
3908:
3851:
2396:
2275:
Sort by "Earliest annexion" to see the states in the chronological order they were joined to the crown.
2161:
1981:. The Pennon was used exclusively by the monarchs of the Crown and was expressive of their sovereignty.
1726:
1708:
1680:
1563:
1547:
1516:
1468:
to excommunicate the king, place Sicily under interdiction, and offer the kingdom of Aragon to a son of
6194:
6189:
4373:
4083:
1606:, were finally implemented more firmly into the Crown. The Greek possessions were permanently lost to
6394:
6224:
6174:
6069:
6000:
5971:
5890:
5792:
5224:
5062:
5052:
4793:
4763:
4736:
4318:
4173:
4071:
2689:
2674:
2494:
2432:
2211:
was a mixed language used widely for commerce and diplomacy and was also current among slaves of the
1982:
1802:
1567:
1551:
1469:
1384:
1345:
1193:
1091:
1041:
1033:
968:
820:
524:
350:
2346:
1722:, which had recently joined the Crown of Aragon but had been lost after internal dynastic disputes.
1130:
of the Crown of Aragon between 11th and 14th centuries in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands
6150:
6086:
5966:
5932:
5834:
5802:
5654:
5649:
5461:
5180:
5116:
4991:
4976:
4884:
4874:
4831:
4778:
4731:
4726:
4571:
4552:
4501:
4492:
4446:
4165:
4075:
2632:
2486:
2377:
2334:
2224:
2189:
2125:
2111:
1999:
1974:
1918:
1895:
1730:
1696:
1619:
1583:, which had never been wrested from the Genoese, was dropped from the formal title of the Kingdom.
1483:
to demand a confirmation of their privileges, which the king had to accept in 1283. Thus began the
1457:
1434:
1423:
1376:
1364:
1298:
1294:
1228:
1158:
1139:
1080:
1064:
1009:
903:
883:
879:
856:
797:
737:
616:
472:
459:
433:
223:
6199:
4746:
1433:
as the Aragonese noblemen had intended since even before the creation of the Crown of Aragon. The
6179:
6162:
6113:
5978:
5787:
5738:
5671:
5589:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5476:
5446:
5338:
5236:
5104:
5079:
4879:
4869:
4798:
4788:
4768:
4755:
4711:
4596:
4547:
4510:
4505:
4467:
4455:
4414:
4330:
4306:
4041:
3877:
3718:
3610:
Page on the official flag of Aragon and the origin of the "palos de gules" or "barras de Aragón"
2933:
2796:
2727:
2712:
2708:
2693:
2587:
2573:
2521:
2448:
2134:
1754:
1719:
1692:
1657:
1611:
1587:
1543:
1525:
1497:
1489:
1407:
1392:
1380:
1308:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1224:
1201:
1162:
1021:
1013:
923:
887:
793:
749:
725:
228:
187:
160:
54:
4703:
4450:
4015:
1220:
3169:
6308:
6204:
6140:
6135:
6064:
5961:
5676:
5604:
5599:
5441:
5370:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5143:
5094:
4907:
4856:
4846:
4836:
4773:
4716:
4695:
4538:
4515:
4460:
4402:
4390:
4368:
4335:
4289:
4214:
4112:
4106:
4031:
3922:
3867:
3797:
3773:
3706:
3696:
3660:
3573:
3392:
3359:
3186:
3103:
3073:
3067:
3029:
2988:
2982:
2958:
2919:
2868:
2641:
2607:
2477:
2419:
2323:
2228:
2049:
2020:
1906:
1806:
1750:
1734:
1615:
1607:
1595:
1571:
1430:
1429:
Valencia was finally made a new kingdom with its own institutions and not an extension of the
1400:
1352:
1208:
1087:
1005:
942:
899:
891:
871:
860:
824:
808:
733:
602:
498:
413:
377:
306:
233:
218:
28:
5812:
4525:
3097:
1355:(13th century) returned to an era of expansion to the South, by conquering and incorporating
6157:
5944:
5939:
5895:
5882:
5780:
5775:
5639:
5634:
5616:
5577:
5510:
5493:
5434:
5424:
5419:
5360:
5316:
5286:
5246:
5229:
5212:
5175:
4926:
4899:
4808:
4803:
4534:
4488:
4471:
4181:
4023:
3914:
3859:
3746:
3631:
3544:"La web de la Generalitat rebautiza la Corona de Aragón como "nación catalana independiente"
3409:
3396:
3203:
2836:
2828:
2822:
2810:
2759:
2498:
2392:
2150:
2008:
1914:
1899:
1818:
1738:
1559:
1453:
1372:
1302:
1256:
1017:
973:
938:
848:
816:
804:
753:
707:
701:
675:
274:
269:
254:
197:
192:
82:
68:
6184:
3819:"Felipe II, the King that defended Majorca but didn't want to recognize all its privileges"
6375:
6343:
6216:
6167:
6123:
6118:
6096:
6091:
6049:
6042:
6017:
5877:
5872:
5713:
5594:
5488:
5483:
5451:
5276:
5160:
5153:
5148:
5133:
5089:
4971:
4957:
4576:
2764:
2490:
2350:
2305:
2216:
1986:
1978:
1771:
1599:
1484:
1336:
1301:, which led to bringing Occitania firmly under the control of the King of France, and the
1290:
1118:
1025:
919:
669:
397:
320:
310:
289:
259:
249:
5817:
5797:
1898:, on the other hand, tends to place more importance on the later dynastic union with the
1783:
1293:, led to the loss of these possessions in southern France. Pope Innocent III called upon
1946:
movement evoked a "Pyrenean realm" that corresponded more to the vision of 13th century
6318:
6313:
6276:
6251:
6234:
6145:
6130:
6101:
6059:
5907:
5867:
5862:
5750:
5743:
5703:
5693:
5683:
5498:
5377:
5271:
5138:
5020:
4611:
4193:
2850:
2842:
2400:
2045:
2016:
1555:
1465:
1282:
1244:
1178:
1029:
812:
773:
744:. At the height of its power in the 14th and 15th centuries, the Crown of Aragon was a
729:
405:
294:
264:
96:
3572:. Breassone. Académie internationale d'héraldique. Les Origines des armoiries. Paris.
3350:(in Spanish). Zaragoza, Diputación General de Aragón. pp. 101–102. Archived from
1157:
Alfonso II inherited two realms and with them, two different expansion processes. The
6424:
6399:
6286:
6081:
6054:
6027:
6005:
5983:
5827:
5807:
5733:
5718:
5562:
5515:
5503:
5429:
5321:
5195:
5190:
5165:
5047:
4045:
3881:
2245:
2200:
1943:
1626:
1227:
to redefine the frontiers and zones of expansion of each kingdom. Alfonso II assured
988:
959:
946:
745:
2003:
principle, Aragon, Catalonia and Valencia each had a legislative body, known as the
1985:, vassal of the Crown of Aragon, used a coat of arms with four bars, as seen on the
811:, joining what contemporaries referred to as "the Spains", led to what would become
6291:
6032:
6022:
5988:
5917:
5912:
5839:
5629:
5611:
5572:
5567:
5547:
5542:
5414:
5407:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5281:
5219:
5200:
5185:
5121:
3659:(in Catalan) (Universitat de Lleida ed.). Universitat de Lleida. p. 180.
2382:
1859:
1672:
1638:
1134:
977:
927:
2603:
2444:
1524:
In 1297, to solve the dispute between the Anjevins and the Aragonese over Sicily,
1441:. The Kingdom of Majorca had an independent status with its own kings until 1349.
1753:
in confinement—thereby furthering the creation of the Spanish monarchy, albeit a
962:
power to setting rules over the entire sea, (as documented, for instance, in the
6010:
5995:
5844:
5557:
5466:
5456:
5382:
5030:
5025:
4434:
2538:
2461:
2423:
2369:
2319:
2169:
2037:
1939:
1661:
1419:
1072:
1067:(reigned 1134–1137) who was raised in the Monastery of Saint Pons de Thomières,
907:
428:
17:
2559:
748:
controlling a large portion of present-day eastern Spain, parts of what is now
6037:
5854:
5728:
5688:
5621:
4355:
4027:
3918:
3863:
2493:
rule in 1442; briefly gained independence, contended again by the French King
2457:
2173:
2048:, resulting from the division of the Royal Court and the establishment of the
1973:
The origin of Coat of arms of the Crown of Aragon is the familiar coat of the
1947:
1794:
1511:
1415:
951:
5927:
5698:
5582:
5552:
5333:
5207:
4998:
4647:
4301:
3597:
3383:
2181:
2089:
2081:
1603:
1445:
1388:
1341:
1266:
1166:
852:
4244:
3710:
2069:
1566:
state in north-western Sardinia, and added them to its direct domains. The
4147:, which was never conquered or controlled by the Aragonese or the Spanish.
2900:
Los Borbones: dinastía y memoria de nación en la España del siglo XVIII...
5328:
5111:
5069:
5008:
3443:
3412:
3206:
2918:. Pamplona: Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua. pp. 250–255.
2804:
2640:
Established in 1238, as part of the Crown, following the conquest of the
2542:
2328:
2116:
2085:
2077:
1935:
won support in the lands of the Crown of Aragon during the 19th century.
1634:
1575:
1480:
1411:
1328:
1320:
1255:
were rivals in their attempts at controlling the various counties of the
1197:
1174:
1170:
911:
844:
765:
3307:
3255:
3237:
The age of the Early Count-Kings (1137–1213) (Dynastic Policy 1162–1213)
2240:
The similarities contribute to discussions of the classification of the
2114:
came to the throne. During the 15th and the 16th centuries, the Crown's
1855:
1169:, where through family ties it had significant influence, especially in
5241:
5170:
5126:
5042:
4981:
4144:
3388:
2583:
2578:
2300:
2269:
2220:
2053:
1932:
1580:
1530:
1461:
1356:
1286:
1212:
915:
864:
819:. The Aragonese Crown continued to exist until it was abolished by the
761:
121:
2594:
The Corsica was never conquered durably. The kingdom was lost in 1714.
1327:, who was Peter's brother-in-law and vassal. Peter's army crossed the
5074:
4949:
4660:
4325:
4189:
3474:
2408:
2386:
2212:
2121:
2093:
1927:
1396:
1216:
984:
757:
1344:
with the integration of these territories into the dominions of the
2110:
In the early 15th century, the de facto capital was Valencia until
1905:
The reprisals inflicted on the territories that had fought against
5708:
4408:
4396:
4384:
4313:
4157:
2644:
2355:
2265:
2194:
2073:
1964:
1671:
1651:
1646:
1502:
1437:
became the third member of the Crown together with Aragon and the
1360:
1332:
895:
769:
654:
302:
202:
1289:
or Albigensians, who rejected the authority and teachings of the
3012:
same for its numbers reached about 1,000,000 in the same period.
2914:
Jimeno Aranguren, Roldan; Lopez-Mugartza Iriarte, J. C. (2004).
2185:
1539:
1261:
151:
Diachronic map of the territories subject to the Crown of Aragon
4922:
4664:
4651:
4248:
3824:(in Spanish). Servei de Comunicacions de la UIB. Archived from
3596:. Autonomous Government of Aragon. 6 March 1997. Archived from
2072:(13th to 16th centuries), the remaining meetings took place at
1371:, which was based upon the principle of natural frontiers, the
1828:
1695:
died without living descendants or heirs. As a result, on the
1040:; their individual titles combined in the person of their son
803:
In 1479, a new dynastic union of the Crown of Aragon with the
690:
681:
4180:. These knights, a military religious order now known as the
2529:
Inherited through the Kingdom of Sicily in 1381; lost in 1390
2360:
Inherited through the Kingdom of Sicily in 1381; lost in 1388
1098:. The wedding agreement provided Berenguer with the title of
4082:(5th ed.). Milwaukee, WI, United States. Archived from
3185:
El Tall dels Temps, 14. (Palma de) Mallorca: El Tall, 1996.
2916:
Vascuence y Romance: Ebro-Garona, Un Espacio de Comunicación
1687:
and León, and later of Aragon, Majorca, Valencia, and Sicily
1510:
on his throne flanked by two shields with the emblem of the
3768:
Rodríguez, Carlos López (April 2007). Mira Editores (ed.).
2955:
Orientation: A Journey: Trip Through Europe Asia And Africa
1456:
and massacred the garrison soldiers throughout the island.
684:
4918:
4108:
A History of the Spanish Lexicon: A Linguistic Perspective
3026:
The Wreck of Catalonia. Civil War in the Fifteenth Century
1493:
to mediate between the king and the Aragonese bourgeois.
1464:
to an enthusiastic welcome five months later. This caused
843:
Formally, the political centre of the Crown of Aragon was
713:
3907:
Biosca, Carles; Castellanos, Carles (25 September 2017).
1562:
houses, which controlled most of the lands of the former
710:
687:
906:. For brief periods the Crown of Aragon also controlled
4235:
Archive of the Crown of Aragon, pl. del Rei, Barcelona.
3985:"Gothic Architecture in Spain: Invention and Imitation"
2056:, one for each state, including Mallorca and Sardinia.
1660:
was quite similar, both kingdoms giving impetus to the
1410:, including the Balearic Islands, and the counties of
1075:
monk was the youngest of three brothers. His brothers
3852:"11. The Growth and Expansion of Catalan (1213–1516)"
3066:
Buffery, Helena; Elisenda Marcer (18 December 2010).
987:, described the Crown of Aragon as being more like a
716:
2180:
has been observed as demonstrating the influence of
1797:
were abolished between 1707 and 1716 only after the
6384:
6336:
6215:
5853:
5257:
4956:
4898:
4855:
4817:
4754:
4702:
4176:, in perpetual lease for which they had to pay the
4020:
Migrating Words, Migrating Merchants, Migrating Law
2310:
Briefly annexed by Aragon in 1396 and again in 1512
1902:, considering it the origin of one Spanish nation.
1610:in 1388 and Sicily was dissociated in the hands of
678:
650:
560:
551:
543:
538:
521:
508:
495:
482:
469:
456:
446:
421:
391:
368:
356:
341:
327:
316:
283:
242:
211:
180:
166:
156:
41:
3745:. Zaragoza: El Periódico de Aragón. Archived from
2893:
2891:
2407:, establishing the Principality of Catalonia as a
2231:in the eastern Mediterranean after the year 1000.
1925:and resistance to Castile. Because restoration of
3163:"Els impostos indirectes en el regne de Mallorca"
3054:Empire: how Spain became a world power, 1492–1762
2107:until the year 1301 and then moved to Barcelona.
1997:As separate states united to the Crown under the
1618:was added finally in 1442 by the conquest led by
1004:The Crown of Aragon originated in 1137, when the
3249:
3247:
3245:
2656:Coat of arms of the kings of the Crown of Aragon
867:) was an additional important city and seaport.
752:, and a Mediterranean empire which included the
3570:Actes du II Colloque international d'héraldique
3292:
3290:
2957:. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 428.
2233:
1969:Coat of arms of Aragon (Lozenge shaped variant)
827:in 1707–1716 as a consequence of the defeat of
776:(from 1442), and parts of Greece (until 1388).
395:
46:
3656:Hagiografia peninsular en els segles medievals
3091:
3089:
2550:Inherited with the county of Barcelona in 1162
2227:). Historically, the first to use it were the
2088:. The councillor headquarters were located at
1422:, was held independently from 1276 to 1279 by
1046:Regno, Dominio et Corona Aragonum et Catalonie
6466:States and territories disestablished in 1714
4934:
4676:
4260:
4211:The medieval Crown of Aragon. A short history
3529:
3527:
3525:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3377:
3375:
3149:The Medieval Crown of Aragon: a short history
2199:Map of Europe and the Mediterranean from the
2031:was established in each, becoming known as a
1793:The Crown of Aragon and its institutions and
411:
403:
74:
60:
8:
6391:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy
3772:. Mira Editores. pp. 32–33, 35–38, 41.
3364:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3346:Fatás, Guillermo; Guillermo Redondo (1995).
3207:"Chapter Five. The Rise of Aragon-Catalonia"
2938:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1479:in Valencia, the nobles and towns united in
870:The Crown of Aragon eventually included the
3413:"Chapter Nine, The United Spanish Monarchy"
3336:Not to be confused with James II of Majorca
2987:. Cambridge University Press. p. 139.
88:
6212:
4941:
4927:
4919:
4683:
4669:
4661:
4648:
4428:
4349:
4283:
4267:
4253:
4245:
2976:
2974:
2456:Established in 1231 by James I, including
2277:
1858:. Please do not remove this message until
788:, particularly the Kingdom of Aragon, the
145:
38:
6436:Former countries on the Iberian Peninsula
4080:"Foreword to A Glossary of Lingua Franca"
3770:Qué es el Archivo de la Corona de Aragón?
1878:Learn how and when to remove this message
1554:. In 1347 Aragon made war on the Genoese
1854:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1649:—namely Valencia and Majorca—were given
1317:Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester
1133:
1122:
1096:Raymond Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona
547:120,000 km (46,000 sq mi)
3444:"Juan II. Union of Aragon with Castile"
2887:
2776:
2659:
1745:was completed when their grandson King
1460:responded to their call, and landed in
1194:Alfonso II of Aragon and I of Barcelona
1048:(only between 1286-1291), and later as
976:, is one of the oldest compilations of
933:In the Late Middle Ages, the southward
550:
542:
537:
179:
3716:
3503:Bisson, T. N. "Epilogue", pp. 188–189.
3357:
3028:. Oxford University Press. p. v.
2931:
2505:; lost permanently in 1714, after the
2219:and European renegades in precolonial
2101:General Archive of the Crown of Aragon
2015:in the Principality of Catalonia (the
4240:Catalan literature in Crown of Aragon
3965:from the original on 2 September 2022
3817:directed by Doctor Josep Juan Vidal.
3550:from the original on 16 November 2013
3069:Historical Dictionary of the Catalans
2849:
2835:
2821:
2803:
2229:Genoese and Venetian trading colonies
1475:When Peter III refused to impose the
728:ruled by one king, originated by the
559:
555:
520:
507:
494:
481:
468:
455:
445:
441:
367:
355:
340:
336:
326:
7:
6481:12th-century establishments in Spain
4014:Cifoletti, Guido (7 November 2019).
3485:from the original on 8 February 2012
3423:from the original on 8 February 2012
3318:from the original on 4 February 2012
2897:Fernández Albaladejo, Pablo (2001).
2592:already existing, indigenous states.
1813:, as it moved towards an absolutist
1766:cultural achievements of the Crown.
1514:. Frontispiece of a 1495 edition of
499:Union of Ferdinand II and Isabella I
4170:Philippe de Villiers de L'Isle-Adam
3479:An historical essay on modern Spain
2139:Cathedral of the Savior of Zaragoza
2066:Cathedral of the Savior of Zaragoza
2019:) and the Kingdom of Valencia (the
1961:Coat of arms of the Crown of Aragon
1487:, which developed the power of the
486:Conquest of the Kingdom of Sardinia
34:Composite monarchy (1164–1707/1715)
4326:(Eastern) Roman Province of Spania
4125:from the original on 29 March 2024
4105:Dworkin, Steven N. (7 June 2012).
3673:from the original on 29 March 2024
3217:from the original on 15 April 2012
3116:from the original on 29 March 2024
3001:from the original on 29 March 2024
2105:Monastery of Santa María de Sigena
1707:as king of the Crown of Aragon as
831:(as Charles III of Aragon) in the
740:and ended as a consequence of the
460:Conquest of the Kingdom of Majorca
25:
4369:Province of the Umayyad Caliphate
4052:from the original on 2 April 2022
4022:. Brill Nijhoff. pp. 84–92.
3995:from the original on 2 April 2022
3935:from the original on 2 April 2022
3888:from the original on 2 April 2022
3850:Ferrando, Antoni (6 April 2020).
3533:Bisson, T. N. "Epilogue", p. 188.
3519:Bisson, T. N. "Epilogue", p. 189.
3454:from the original on 6 April 2012
3448:A History of Aragon and Catalonia
3312:A History of Aragon and Catalonia
3266:from the original on 6 April 2012
3260:A History of Aragon and Catalonia
2582:this kingdom and entrusted it in
2096:during the kingdom of Alfonso V.
1297:to suppress the Albigensians—the
1038:Raymond Berenguer IV of Barcelona
1028:and other territories) merged by
878:(until the late 12th century the
512:Conquest of the Kingdom of Naples
4745:
3858:. De Gruyter. pp. 471–484.
3546:(in Spanish). 30 November 2012.
3475:"Chapter 3, The Making of Spain"
3256:"Chapter 6, James the Conqueror"
3072:. Scarecrow Press. p. 106.
2719:
2700:
2681:
2662:
2627:
2602:
2558:
2537:
2516:
2472:
2443:
2418:
2368:
2345:
2318:
2295:
1833:
1375:were recognised as heirs of the
1211:, a multilateral treaty between
1090:and betrothed his only daughter
969:Book of the Consulate of the Sea
706:
674:
634:
609:
595:
128:
114:
6471:1714 disestablishments in Spain
4597:Monarchs of Barcelona/Catalonia
3813:A team of investigators of the
3417:A History of Spain and Portugal
3211:A History of Spain and Portugal
2671:Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona
2064:The house of the Crown was the
1536:Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica
4016:"Lingua Franca and Migrations"
3096:Elliott, John (25 July 2002).
2178:Mudéjar architecture of Aragon
2007:in the Kingdom of Aragon (the
1703:from the Castilian dynasty of
1450:second dynasty of the Angevins
1181:, towards the south along the
847:, where kings were crowned at
813:the Spanish composite monarchy
448:• Aragon-Barcelona Union
1:
6461:1162 establishments in Europe
4178:Tribute of the Maltese Falcon
3856:Manual of Catalan Linguistics
2785:War of the Spanish Succession
2507:War of the Spanish Succession
2092:(13th to 16th centuries) and
1799:War of the Spanish Succession
1313:Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
1165:looked north to its origins,
833:War of the Spanish Succession
742:War of the Spanish Succession
3739:"Cancillería real aragonesa"
2953:Collins, Wallace B. (2004).
2867:(Zaragoza, CAI, 2000:57–59.
2851:[kɔˈroːnaaraˈɡoːnũː]
2041:in Catalonia and Valencia.
1942:of the 19th century Catalan
1315:in autumn 1212 to find that
1235:From the ninth century, the
1138:Equestrian heraldic of king
991:than a centralised kingdom.
172:
6441:Former monarchies of Europe
4213:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
3743:Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa
3653:Español, Francesca (2008).
3628:Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa
3134:Lozoya, Marqués de (1952).
2981:Reilly, Bernard F. (1993).
2863:Domingo J. Buesa Conde, in
2242:Mediterranean Lingua Franca
2209:Mediterranean Lingua Franca
1860:conditions to do so are met
1727:Infanta Isabella of Castile
1725:In 1469, Ferdinand married
1668:Personal union with Castile
1614:from 1395 to 1409, but the
1204:'s influence in Occitania.
1144:Equestrian armorial of the
964:Llibre del Consolat del Mar
6512:
6491:Former countries in Europe
3792:History books (Donzelli),
3147:Bisson, Thomas N. (1986).
2837:[koˈɾonaðeaɾaˈɣon]
2750:List of Aragonese monarchs
2188:culture in Aragon proper.
1958:
1363:, and a good share of the
1116:
26:
6446:Medieval history of Spain
4743:
4658:
4653:Links to related articles
4567:
4497:Principality of Catalonia
4442:
4431:
4427:
4364:
4352:
4348:
4297:
4286:
4282:
4174:Grand Master of the Order
4028:10.1163/9789004416642_006
3955:"The Muslims of Valencia"
3919:10.1515/9783110565744-003
3864:10.1515/9783110450408-018
2805:[koˈɾonaðaɾaˈɣon]
2755:List of Sicilian monarchs
2745:Cortes of Tarazona (1592)
2626:
2601:
2557:
2536:
2515:
2471:
2442:
2417:
2367:
2344:
2337:in 1162 to form the Crown
2317:
2294:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
1788:Principality of Catalonia
1780:expulsion of the Moriscos
1743:territorial consolidation
1737:. At that point both the
1714:Later, his grandson King
1685:King and Queen of Castile
1439:Principality of Catalonia
1367:into the Crown. With the
1151:Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal
876:Principality of Catalonia
790:Principality of Catalonia
574:
570:
556:
534:
442:
387:
337:
144:
110:
105:
4276:Spain in the Middle Ages
4168:under the leadership of
4164:gave the islands to the
2823:[kuˈɾonəðəɾəˈɣo]
2503:Italian War of 1499–1504
2485:Successfully wrested by
1586:Through the marriage of
1379:, and the Capetian king
1369:Treaty of Corbeil (1258)
1196:committed to conquering
1079:(reigned 1094–1104) and
27:Not to be confused with
6486:Former Christian states
4435:Feudal Christian realms
3161:Cateura Benàsser, Pau.
2099:On the other hand, the
1931:was one of its tenets,
1825:Nationalist revisionism
1757:and decentralized one.
1285:. The rebellion of the
1065:King Ramiro, "The Monk"
471:• Conquest of the
181:Official languages
4582:Monarchs of al-Andalus
4209:Bisson, T. N. (1986).
3723:: CS1 maint: others (
3594:"La bandera de Aragón"
3568:Jéquier, Léon (1981).
2904:Marcial Pons Historia.
2846:
2832:
2819:Catalan pronunciation:
2814:
2800:
2732:Ferdinand II of Aragon
2617:Constance II of Sicily
2586:to the Aragonese King
2497:, then reconquered by
2464:, as part of the Crown
2238:
2204:
2130:Ferdinand II of Aragon
2025:Diputación del General
1970:
1915:Valencian nationalists
1815:centralized government
1729:, half-sister of King
1716:Ferdinand II of Aragon
1701:Ferdinand of Antequera
1688:
1542:to the Aragonese King
1538:and entrusted it as a
1521:
1508:Ferdinand II of Aragon
1325:Raymond VI of Toulouse
1305:from northern France.
1207:Alfonso II signed the
1154:
1149:1433–1435. Collection
1131:
1050:Corona Regum Aragoniae
412:
404:
396:
89:
75:
61:
47:
6456:Former confederations
6361:Medieval great powers
3913:. De Gruyter Mouton.
3052:Kamen, Henry (2002).
2765:Great Catalan Company
2431:Inherited in 1166 by
2198:
2029:Diputació del General
1968:
1892:nationalist movements
1772:expulsion of the Jews
1709:Ferdinand I of Aragon
1675:
1517:Catalan constitutions
1506:
1137:
1128:Territorial expansion
1126:
1104:Dominator Aragonensis
1032:upon the marriage of
935:territorial expansion
212:Co-official languages
6476:History of Catalonia
6371:European colonialism
6356:Ancient great powers
4632:Monarchs of Valencia
4592:Monarchs of Asturias
4379:Caliphate of Córdoba
4319:Kingdom of the Suebi
3959:publishing.cdlib.org
3634:on 19 September 2016
3239:, chapter II, p. 36.
3024:Ryder, Alan (2007).
2783:Disputed due to the
2690:Alfonso II of Aragon
2675:Alfonso II of Aragon
2192:was also developed.
1983:James III of Majorca
1919:Catalan nationalists
1803:Nueva Planta decrees
1568:Giudicato of Arborea
1512:Royal Seal of Aragon
1470:Philip III of France
1448:rose up against the
1416:Roussillon-Vallespir
1092:Petronilla of Aragon
1069:Viscounty of Béziers
1063:Petronilla's father
1042:Alfonso II of Aragon
1034:Petronilla of Aragon
821:Nueva Planta decrees
525:Nueva Planta decrees
6366:Modern great powers
4819:House of Trastámara
4627:Monarchs of Navarre
4622:Monarchs of Majorca
4612:Monarchs of Granada
4607:Monarchs of Galicia
4602:Monarchs of Castile
4572:Visigothic monarchs
4553:Kingdom of Valencia
4521:Kingdom of Artajona
4502:Kingdom of Pamplona
4493:County of Barcelona
4447:Kingdom of Asturias
4166:Knights Hospitaller
4143:Formally including
3354:on 31 January 2012.
2984:The Medieval Spains
2335:County of Barcelona
2190:Gothic architecture
2126:Alfonso V of Aragon
2000:aeque principaliter
1975:Counts of Barcelona
1896:Spanish nationalism
1847:of this section is
1801:(1701–1714) by the
1774:from Spain (1492),
1731:Henry IV of Castile
1697:Compromise of Caspe
1435:Kingdom of Valencia
1424:James II of Majorca
1377:Carolingian dynasty
1365:Kingdom of Valencia
1299:Albigensian Crusade
1295:Philip II of France
1253:counts of Barcelona
1209:treaties of Cazorla
1183:Mediterranean coast
1140:Alfonso V of Aragon
1010:County of Barcelona
904:Kingdom of Sardinia
884:Kingdom of Valencia
880:County of Barcelona
798:Kingdom of Valencia
738:County of Barcelona
617:County of Barcelona
473:Kingdom of Valencia
434:Early modern period
300:Minority religions:
4756:House of Barcelona
4587:Monarchs of Aragon
4548:Kingdom of Majorca
4511:Kingdom of Viguera
4506:Kingdom of Navarre
4468:Kingdom of Castile
4456:Kingdom of Galicia
4415:Emirate of Granada
4374:Emirate of Córdoba
4331:Duchy of Cantabria
4307:Visigothic Kingdom
3399:local possessions.
3348:"Blasón de Aragón"
3136:Historia de España
2728:Peter IV of Aragon
2726:Coat of arms from
2713:Peter IV of Aragon
2709:Peter II of Aragon
2707:Coat of arms from
2694:Peter II of Aragon
2688:Coat of arms from
2669:Coat of arms from
2615:Inherited through
2574:Pope Boniface VIII
2290:Earliest annexion
2205:
2135:Philip II of Spain
1971:
1720:Kingdom of Navarre
1689:
1658:kingdom of Castile
1526:Pope Boniface VIII
1522:
1498:James II of Aragon
1477:Charters of Aragon
1408:Kingdom of Majorca
1311:returned from the
1309:Peter II of Aragon
1279:County of Toulouse
1275:County of Provence
1271:House of Barcelona
1249:counts of Toulouse
1237:dukes of Aquitaine
1202:House of Barcelona
1163:House of Barcelona
1155:
1132:
1014:County of Provence
888:Kingdom of Majorca
794:Kingdom of Majorca
726:composite monarchy
287:Majority religion:
243:Minority languages
161:Composite monarchy
6451:Monarchy of Spain
6416:
6415:
6410:
6409:
6332:
6331:
6297:Polish–Lithuanian
5472:Gurjara-Pratihara
4916:
4915:
4857:House of Habsburg
4645:
4644:
4563:
4562:
4539:Kingdom of Aragon
4516:Kingdom of Najera
4482:Kingdom of Toledo
4461:County of Castile
4423:
4422:
4403:Almohad Caliphate
4391:Almoravid Emirate
4344:
4343:
4336:Duchy of Vasconia
4290:Early Middle Ages
4162:Emperor Charles V
4118:978-0-19-954114-0
4037:978-90-04-41664-2
3928:978-3-11-056574-4
3873:978-3-11-045040-8
3794:Medieval Historic
3779:978-84-8465-220-5
3624:"Coronación real"
3600:on 7 January 2008
3410:Payne, Stanley G.
3296:Bisson 1986:87–88
3204:Payne, Stanley G.
3175:on 3 October 2008
3079:978-0-8108-7514-2
3035:978-0-19-920736-7
2653:
2652:
2166:Catholic Monarchs
2050:Council of Aragon
1913:is given by some
1911:War of Succession
1888:
1887:
1880:
1807:Philip V of Spain
1735:Monarchy of Spain
1641:state. Thus, the
1616:Kingdom of Naples
1608:Nerio I Acciaioli
1600:duchies of Athens
1598:, as well as the
1596:Kingdom of Sicily
1572:Battle of Sanluri
1431:Kingdom of Aragon
1401:treaty of Cazorla
1187:Mediterranean sea
1100:Princeps Aragonum
1088:Duke of Aquitaine
1006:Kingdom of Aragon
985:marquis of Lozoya
943:Kingdom of Murcia
900:Kingdom of Naples
892:Kingdom of Sicily
882:and others), the
872:Kingdom of Aragon
817:Habsburg monarchs
809:Catholic Monarchs
734:Kingdom of Aragon
660:
659:
646:
645:
642:
641:
622:
621:
603:Kingdom of Aragon
414:Corts Valencianes
373:
370:• 1700–1715
358:• 1479–1516
346:
343:• 1164-1196
307:Sephardic Judaism
298:
29:Kingdom of Aragon
16:(Redirected from
6503:
6213:
5878:Austro-Hungarian
5578:Chagatai Khanate
4943:
4936:
4929:
4920:
4900:House of Bourbon
4749:
4704:House of Jiménez
4685:
4678:
4671:
4662:
4649:
4617:Monarchs of León
4535:County of Aragon
4529:
4489:Catalan counties
4472:Crown of Castile
4429:
4350:
4284:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4246:
4224:
4197:
4182:Knights of Malta
4154:
4148:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4072:Parkvall, Mikael
4068:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3830:
3823:
3810:
3804:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3722:
3714:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3630:. Archived from
3620:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3540:
3534:
3531:
3520:
3517:
3504:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3406:
3400:
3379:
3370:
3369:
3363:
3355:
3343:
3337:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3303:
3297:
3294:
3285:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3251:
3240:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3200:
3194:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3174:
3168:. Archived from
3167:
3158:
3152:
3145:
3139:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3093:
3084:
3083:
3063:
3057:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3008:
3006:
2978:
2969:
2968:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2937:
2929:
2911:
2905:
2895:
2876:
2865:El rey de Aragón
2861:
2855:
2853:
2839:
2833:Corona de Aragón
2825:
2820:
2807:
2794:
2788:
2781:
2760:Prince of Girona
2723:
2704:
2685:
2666:
2631:
2606:
2562:
2541:
2520:
2476:
2447:
2422:
2393:Catalan counties
2372:
2349:
2333:Joined with the
2322:
2299:
2278:
2225:Miguel Cervantes
2021:Valencian Courts
2009:Courts of Aragon
1900:Crown of Castile
1883:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1863:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1811:Kingdom of Spain
1645:gained from the
1454:Sicilian Vespers
1418:and the city of
1323:, exiling Count
1319:, had conquered
1303:Capetian dynasty
1257:Hispanic Marches
1241:kings of Navarre
1223:, Portugal, and
1185:and towards the
1159:House of Jiménez
1012:(along with the
939:Crown of Castile
849:La Seo Cathedral
829:Archduke Charles
805:Crown of Castile
754:Balearic Islands
723:
722:
719:
718:
715:
712:
705:
697:
696:
693:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
673:
638:
637:
626:
625:
613:
612:
599:
598:
592:
591:
576:
575:
417:
409:
401:
371:
344:
323:subject to pacts
292:
255:Andalusi Romance
149:
132:
118:
100:
92:
86:
78:
76:Corona de Aragón
72:
64:
58:
50:
39:
21:
18:Aragonese empire
6511:
6510:
6506:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6501:
6500:
6431:Crown of Aragon
6421:
6420:
6417:
6412:
6411:
6406:
6395:American Empire
6380:
6376:African empires
6328:
6211:
5903:Central African
5849:
5667:Romano-Germanic
5253:
4987:Middle Assyrian
4960:
4952:
4947:
4917:
4912:
4894:
4851:
4813:
4750:
4741:
4698:
4689:
4654:
4646:
4641:
4637:Military orders
4577:Suebic monarchs
4559:
4543:Crown of Aragon
4523:
4451:Kingdom of León
4438:
4419:
4360:
4340:
4293:
4278:
4273:
4231:
4221:
4208:
4205:
4200:
4155:
4151:
4142:
4138:
4128:
4126:
4119:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4089:
4087:
4086:on 4 March 2016
4070:
4069:
4065:
4055:
4053:
4038:
4013:
4012:
4008:
3998:
3996:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3968:
3966:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3938:
3936:
3929:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3891:
3889:
3874:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3821:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3752:
3750:
3749:on 4 March 2016
3737:
3736:
3732:
3715:
3703:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3676:
3674:
3667:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3637:
3635:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3603:
3601:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3567:
3563:
3553:
3551:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3523:
3518:
3507:
3502:
3498:
3488:
3486:
3473:Herr, Richard.
3472:
3471:
3467:
3457:
3455:
3442:Chaytor, H. J.
3441:
3440:
3436:
3426:
3424:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3380:
3373:
3356:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3335:
3331:
3321:
3319:
3306:Chaytor, H. J.
3305:
3304:
3300:
3295:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3254:Chaytor, H. J.
3253:
3252:
3243:
3234:
3230:
3220:
3218:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3146:
3142:
3133:
3129:
3119:
3117:
3110:
3095:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3051:
3047:
3036:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3004:
3002:
2995:
2980:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2930:
2926:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2896:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2862:
2858:
2847:Corona Aragonum
2841:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2801:Corona d'Aragón
2795:
2791:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2741:
2734:
2724:
2715:
2705:
2696:
2686:
2677:
2667:
2658:
2619:, lost in 1713.
2590:, ignoring the
2385:, originally a
2306:Co-principality
2284:Type of entity
2262:
2217:Barbary pirates
2147:
2062:
1995:
1987:Leges palatinae
1979:Kings of Aragon
1963:
1957:
1884:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1853:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1778:(1502) and the
1763:
1670:
1643:new territories
1592:Maria of Sicily
1485:Union of Aragon
1337:Battle of Muret
1331:and arrived at
1291:Catholic Church
1121:
1119:Catalan Company
1115:
1054:Corona Aragonum
1002:
997:
980:in the world).
920:Duchy of Athens
918:, and the twin
841:
823:issued by King
750:southern France
709:
700:
699:
677:
668:
667:
664:Crown of Aragon
635:
610:
596:
563:
527:
514:
504:19 October 1469
501:
488:
475:
462:
449:
438:
410:
406:Corts Catalanes
402:
374:
359:
347:
321:Feudal monarchy
311:Greek Orthodoxy
301:
299:
288:
279:
250:Andalusi Arabic
238:
207:
152:
140:
139:
138:
133:
125:
124:
119:
101:
94:
90:Corona Aragonum
87:
80:
73:
66:
59:
52:
48:Corona d'Aragón
44:
43:Crown of Aragon
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6509:
6507:
6499:
6498:
6496:Former empires
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6423:
6422:
6414:
6413:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6404:
6403:
6402:
6397:
6388:
6386:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6352:
6351:
6340:
6338:
6334:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6305:
6304:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6248:
6247:
6242:
6232:
6227:
6221:
6219:
6210:
6209:
6208:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6177:
6172:
6171:
6170:
6160:
6155:
6154:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6133:
6128:
6127:
6126:
6121:
6111:
6110:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6079:
6078:
6077:
6072:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6046:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6015:
6014:
6013:
6008:
5998:
5993:
5992:
5991:
5986:
5976:
5975:
5974:
5969:
5959:
5958:
5957:
5952:
5942:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5905:
5900:
5899:
5898:
5893:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5859:
5857:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5831:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5790:
5785:
5784:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5748:
5747:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5680:
5679:
5674:
5664:
5663:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5608:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5587:
5586:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5508:
5507:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5417:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5368:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5331:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5314:
5313:
5312:
5307:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5263:
5261:
5259:Post-classical
5255:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5239:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5227:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5157:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5114:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5058:Middle Kingdom
5055:
5045:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5014:Neo-Babylonian
5011:
5006:
5004:Old Babylonian
4996:
4995:
4994:
4989:
4979:
4974:
4968:
4966:
4954:
4953:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4938:
4931:
4923:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4904:
4902:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4861:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4823:
4821:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4760:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4700:
4699:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4680:
4673:
4665:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4652:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4518:
4513:
4499:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4405:
4400:
4393:
4388:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4353:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4230:
4229:External links
4227:
4226:
4225:
4219:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4194:Ottoman Empire
4149:
4136:
4117:
4111:. OUP Oxford.
4097:
4063:
4036:
4006:
3976:
3946:
3927:
3899:
3872:
3842:
3831:on 29 May 2008
3805:
3785:
3778:
3760:
3730:
3701:
3684:
3666:978-8484093572
3665:
3645:
3615:
3585:
3561:
3535:
3521:
3505:
3496:
3465:
3434:
3401:
3387:, the city of
3371:
3338:
3329:
3308:"7, Pedro III"
3298:
3286:
3284:Bisson 1986:67
3277:
3241:
3228:
3195:
3153:
3140:
3127:
3109:978-0141007038
3108:
3099:Imperial Spain
3085:
3078:
3058:
3045:
3034:
3016:
2993:
2970:
2963:
2945:
2924:
2906:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2856:
2815:Corona d'Aragó
2789:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2725:
2718:
2716:
2706:
2699:
2697:
2687:
2680:
2678:
2668:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2638:
2635:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2613:
2610:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2570:
2567:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2483:
2480:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2454:
2451:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:; lost in 1307
2429:
2426:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2401:Catalan Courts
2395:, such as the
2389:
2380:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2353:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2331:
2326:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2303:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2261:
2258:
2168:who began the
2162:Queen Isabella
2146:
2143:
2061:
2058:
2046:Royal Audience
2035:in Aragon and
2017:Catalan Courts
1994:
1991:
1959:Main article:
1956:
1953:
1886:
1885:
1841:
1839:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1817:under the new
1762:
1759:
1691:In 1410, King
1669:
1666:
1627:petty kingdoms
1574:; the capital
1466:Pope Martin IV
1346:King of France
1283:County of Foix
1245:counts of Foix
1114:
1111:
1030:dynastic union
1001:
998:
996:
993:
960:thalassocratic
855:, followed by
840:
837:
774:Southern Italy
730:dynastic union
658:
657:
652:
648:
647:
644:
643:
640:
639:
632:
623:
620:
619:
614:
606:
605:
600:
588:
587:
582:
572:
571:
568:
567:
564:
561:
558:
557:
554:
553:
549:
548:
545:
541:
540:
536:
535:
532:
531:
528:
522:
519:
518:
515:
509:
506:
505:
502:
496:
493:
492:
489:
483:
480:
479:
476:
470:
467:
466:
463:
457:
454:
453:
450:
447:
444:
443:
440:
439:
437:
436:
431:
425:
423:
422:Historical era
419:
418:
398:Cortz d'Aragón
393:
389:
388:
385:
384:
375:
369:
366:
365:
360:
357:
354:
353:
348:
342:
339:
338:
335:
334:
331:
325:
324:
318:
314:
313:
290:Roman Catholic
285:
281:
280:
278:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
246:
244:
240:
239:
237:
236:
231:
226:
221:
215:
213:
209:
208:
206:
205:
200:
195:
190:
184:
182:
178:
177:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
150:
142:
141:
134:
127:
126:
120:
113:
112:
111:
108:
107:
106:1164–1707/1715
103:
102:
62:Corona d'Aragó
45:
42:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6508:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6419:
6401:
6400:Soviet empire
6398:
6396:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6385:Miscellaneous
6383:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6350:
6347:
6346:
6345:
6342:
6341:
6339:
6335:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6303:
6300:
6299:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6237:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6218:
6214:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6112:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6084:
6083:
6080:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6020:
6019:
6016:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6003:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5984:German Empire
5982:
5981:
5980:
5977:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5963:
5960:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5947:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5852:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5752:
5749:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5724:Turco-Persian
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5665:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5631:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5588:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5509:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5485:
5482:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5379:
5376:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5315:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5206:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5001:
5000:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4944:
4939:
4937:
4932:
4930:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4753:
4748:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4686:
4681:
4679:
4674:
4672:
4667:
4666:
4663:
4657:
4650:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4566:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4527:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4437:
4436:
4430:
4426:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4363:
4358:
4357:
4351:
4347:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4291:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4270:
4265:
4263:
4258:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4222:
4220:0-19-820236-9
4216:
4212:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4137:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4110:
4109:
4101:
4098:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4076:Alan D. Corré
4073:
4067:
4064:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4010:
4007:
3994:
3990:
3989:The Courtauld
3986:
3980:
3977:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3950:
3947:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3903:
3900:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3846:
3843:
3827:
3820:
3816:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3802:88-7989-406-4
3799:
3796:, Rome 1998,
3795:
3789:
3786:
3781:
3775:
3771:
3764:
3761:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3734:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3649:
3646:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3579:
3578:2-86377-030-6
3575:
3571:
3565:
3562:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3469:
3466:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3438:
3435:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3353:
3349:
3342:
3339:
3333:
3330:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3302:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3235:Bisson T. N.
3232:
3229:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3191:84-96019-28-4
3188:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3000:
2996:
2994:9780521397414
2990:
2986:
2985:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2964:9780595310630
2960:
2956:
2949:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2927:
2925:84-235-2506-6
2921:
2917:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2901:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2874:
2873:84-95306-44-1
2870:
2866:
2860:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2722:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2684:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2397:Constitutions
2394:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:, originally
2375:
2371:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2249:
2247:
2246:interlanguage
2243:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2202:
2201:Catalan Atlas
2197:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2152:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1967:
1962:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1882:
1879:
1871:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1831:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1444:In 1282, the
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1146:Golden Fleece
1141:
1136:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1084:El Batallador
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
999:
994:
992:
990:
986:
981:
979:
978:maritime laws
975:
972:, written in
971:
970:
965:
961:
956:
954:
953:
948:
947:Barbary Coast
944:
940:
936:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
838:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
746:thalassocracy
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
721:
703:
695:
671:
665:
656:
653:
651:Today part of
649:
633:
631:
630:Bourbon Spain
628:
627:
624:
618:
615:
608:
607:
604:
601:
594:
593:
590:
589:
586:
583:
581:
578:
577:
573:
569:
565:
546:
533:
529:
526:
516:
513:
503:
500:
490:
487:
477:
474:
464:
461:
451:
435:
432:
430:
427:
426:
424:
420:
416:
415:
408:
407:
400:
399:
394:
390:
386:
383:
379:
376:
364:
361:
352:
349:
332:
330:
322:
319:
315:
312:
308:
304:
296:
291:
286:
282:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
247:
245:
241:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
216:
214:
210:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
185:
183:
175:
174:
169:
165:
162:
159:
155:
148:
143:
137:
131:
123:
117:
109:
104:
98:
91:
84:
77:
70:
63:
56:
49:
40:
37:
30:
19:
6418:
6151:Contemporary
6001:Indo-Persian
5989:Nazi Germany
5933:Contemporary
5835:Vijayanagara
5734:Great Seljuk
5645:Thessalonica
5573:Golden Horde
5266:
5213:Carthaginian
4992:Neo-Assyrian
4977:Neo-Sumerian
4842:Ferdinand II
4542:
4476:Castile-León
4475:
4433:
4407:
4397:Second Taifa
4395:
4383:
4354:
4288:
4210:
4203:Bibliography
4152:
4139:
4127:. Retrieved
4107:
4100:
4088:. Retrieved
4084:the original
4066:
4054:. Retrieved
4019:
4009:
3997:. Retrieved
3988:
3979:
3967:. Retrieved
3958:
3949:
3937:. Retrieved
3909:
3902:
3890:. Retrieved
3855:
3845:
3833:. Retrieved
3826:the original
3808:
3793:
3788:
3769:
3763:
3751:. Retrieved
3747:the original
3742:
3733:
3692:
3687:
3675:. Retrieved
3655:
3648:
3636:. Retrieved
3632:the original
3627:
3618:
3612:(in Spanish)
3602:. Retrieved
3598:the original
3588:
3569:
3564:
3554:15 September
3552:. Retrieved
3538:
3499:
3487:. Retrieved
3478:
3468:
3456:. Retrieved
3447:
3437:
3425:. Retrieved
3416:
3404:
3382:
3352:the original
3341:
3332:
3320:. Retrieved
3311:
3301:
3280:
3268:. Retrieved
3259:
3236:
3231:
3219:. Retrieved
3210:
3198:
3177:. Retrieved
3170:the original
3156:
3148:
3143:
3135:
3130:
3118:. Retrieved
3098:
3068:
3061:
3053:
3048:
3039:
3025:
3019:
3010:
3003:. Retrieved
2983:
2954:
2948:
2915:
2909:
2899:
2864:
2859:
2792:
2779:
2577:
2566:and Corsica
2383:Principality
2274:
2263:
2250:
2248:of Italian.
2239:
2234:
2206:
2155:
2148:
2120:capital was
2115:
2109:
2098:
2063:
2043:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2012:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1993:Institutions
1989:miniatures.
1972:
1937:
1926:
1904:
1890:Some of the
1889:
1874:
1865:
1843:
1805:, issued by
1792:
1784:Reapers' War
1768:
1764:
1724:
1713:
1690:
1650:
1639:Early Modern
1631:
1624:
1594:(1381), the
1585:
1529:
1523:
1515:
1495:
1488:
1476:
1474:
1443:
1428:
1405:
1350:
1307:
1260:
1234:
1206:
1191:
1156:
1143:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1083:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1003:
982:
967:
963:
957:
950:
932:
928:Latin Greece
869:
842:
802:
785:
781:
778:
663:
661:
585:Succeeded by
584:
579:
562:• 1300
363:Ferdinand II
171:
136:Coat of arms
36:
5739:Khwarezmian
5672:Carolingian
5477:Rashtrakuta
5181:Shaishunaga
5080:Hellenistic
5063:New Kingdom
5053:Old Kingdom
4890:Charles III
4827:Ferdinand I
4784:Alfonso III
4524: [
4409:Third Taifa
4385:First Taifa
4184:, had been
3753:27 December
3677:10 November
3638:27 December
3582:(in French)
3120:30 December
3102:. Penguin.
2462:Montpellier
2405:Generalitat
2260:Composition
2170:Inquisition
2158:Fernando II
2038:Generalitat
2033:Generalidad
1948:troubadours
1940:Romanticism
1923:Generalitat
1761:Dissolution
1677:Ferdinand V
1662:Reconquista
1420:Montpellier
1073:Benedictine
989:confederacy
908:Montpellier
859:. Finally,
580:Preceded by
429:Middle Ages
392:Legislature
382:Charles III
6425:Categories
6309:Portuguese
6190:Revival Le
6180:Vietnamese
5823:Later Tran
5793:Vietnamese
5689:Singhasari
5677:Holy Roman
5301:Bulgarian
5237:Satavahana
5208:Phoenician
5144:Achaemenid
5105:Indo-Greek
5085:Macedonian
4999:Babylonian
4885:Charles II
4880:Philip III
4794:Alfonso IV
4764:Alfonso II
4737:Petronilla
4359:(711-1492)
4356:Al-Andalus
4186:driven out
4160:. In 1530
4156:Including
4090:4 December
3702:8472024091
3391:, and the
3005:11 October
2883:References
2495:Louis XIII
2458:Roussillon
2433:Alfonso II
2182:Andalusian
2174:Mudejarism
2153:occurred.
1944:Renaixença
1868:April 2020
1845:neutrality
1795:public law
1705:Trastámara
1681:Isabella I
1385:Roussillon
1269:. And the
1117:See also:
1056:or simply
952:Almogavars
796:, and the
552:Population
351:Alfonso II
317:Government
224:Neapolitan
122:Royal flag
6302:Couronian
5940:Ethiopian
5928:Manchukuo
5883:Brazilian
5729:Ghaznavid
5699:Srivijaya
5650:Trebizond
5635:Byzantine
5617:North Sea
5612:Norwegian
5600:Almoravid
5583:Ilkhanate
5553:Majapahit
5526:Muromachi
5435:Solomonic
5420:Ethiopian
5334:Caliphate
5267:Aragonese
5095:Ptolemaic
4908:Philip IV
4875:Philip II
4865:Charles I
4832:Alfonso V
4779:Peter III
4732:Ramiro II
4727:Alfonso I
4302:Visigoths
4046:214457931
3882:216504074
3719:cite book
3384:Giudicati
3041:sovereign
2934:cite book
2797:Aragonese
2522:Neopatria
2487:Alfonso V
2378:Barcelona
2374:Catalonia
2164:, as the
2112:Alfonso V
2090:Barcelona
2082:Calatayud
1856:talk page
1821:dynasty.
1755:composite
1747:Charles I
1620:Alfonso V
1604:Neopatria
1560:Malaspina
1458:Peter III
1446:Sicilians
1389:Vallespir
1373:Capetians
1342:Occitania
1267:Occitania
1167:Occitania
1113:Expansion
1081:Alfonso I
924:Neopatras
853:Barcelona
566:1 000 000
530:1707/1715
517:1501–1504
491:1324–1420
478:1238–1245
284:Religion
229:Sardinian
188:Aragonese
55:Aragonese
6282:Japanese
6245:Scottish
6225:American
6217:Colonial
6146:Imperial
6114:Moroccan
6050:Japanese
6028:Afsharid
5887:Burmese
5873:Austrian
5828:Later Le
5803:Early Le
5788:Venetian
5714:Tiwanaku
5627:Hellenic
5590:Moroccan
5521:Kamakura
5511:Japanese
5494:Saffarid
5447:Georgian
5361:Chalukya
5339:Rashidun
5329:Calakmul
5297:Bruneian
5176:Haryanka
5154:Sasanian
5149:Parthian
5100:Bactrian
5090:Seleucid
5070:Goguryeo
5048:Egyptian
4982:Assyrian
4972:Akkadian
4963:Colonies
4870:Philip I
4799:Peter IV
4789:James II
4769:Peter II
4712:Ramiro I
4692:Monarchs
4196:in 1522.
4123:Archived
4074:(2005).
4050:Archived
3993:Archived
3963:Archived
3933:Archived
3886:Archived
3835:17 April
3671:Archived
3604:20 April
3548:Archived
3489:17 April
3483:Archived
3458:17 April
3452:Archived
3427:17 April
3421:Archived
3360:cite web
3316:Archived
3270:25 April
3264:Archived
3215:Archived
3193:. 127pp.
3179:24 April
3114:Archived
2999:Archived
2739:See also
2637:Kingdom
2633:Valencia
2612:Kingdom
2588:James II
2576:created
2572:In 1297
2569:Kingdom
2564:Sardinia
2543:Provence
2491:Capetian
2482:Kingdom
2453:Kingdom
2424:Gévaudan
2403:and the
2124:. After
2117:de facto
2086:Tarazona
2078:Zaragoza
2054:viceroys
1907:Philip V
1849:disputed
1751:Joanna I
1693:Martin I
1635:nobility
1612:Martin I
1588:Peter IV
1576:Oristano
1564:Logudoro
1548:Cagliari
1544:James II
1528:created
1490:Justícia
1481:Zaragoza
1412:Cerdanya
1393:Conflent
1381:Louis IX
1329:Pyrenees
1321:Toulouse
1251:and the
1229:Valencia
1198:Valencia
1175:Provence
1171:Toulouse
1022:Cerdanya
1008:and the
912:Provence
857:Valencia
845:Zaragoza
825:Philip V
766:Sardinia
736:and the
724:) was a
378:Philip V
295:official
234:Sicilian
219:Corsican
6349:largest
6344:Empires
6324:Swedish
6319:Spanish
6314:Russian
6277:Italian
6252:Chinese
6240:English
6235:British
6230:Belgian
6205:Vietnam
6195:Tay son
6141:Tsarist
6136:Russian
6131:Ottoman
6097:Dzungar
6092:Khoshut
6065:Mexican
6060:Maratha
6043:Pahlavi
6023:Safavid
6018:Iranian
5945:Haitian
5908:Chinese
5868:Ashanti
5840:Wagadou
5766:Eastern
5761:Western
5744:Timurid
5704:Tibetan
5694:Songhai
5684:Serbian
5605:Almohad
5595:Idrisid
5499:Samanid
5489:Tahirid
5484:Iranian
5462:Kannauj
5442:Genoese
5378:Chinese
5371:Eastern
5366:Western
5354:Fatimid
5349:Abbasid
5344:Umayyad
5317:Burmese
5277:Ayyubid
5272:Angevin
5242:Xianbei
5230:Eastern
5225:Western
5171:Magadha
5134:Iranian
5127:Xiongnu
5112:Hittite
5021:Chinese
5009:Kassite
4958:Ancient
4950:Empires
4837:John II
4774:James I
4722:Peter I
4192:by the
4145:Corsica
4129:2 April
4078:(ed.).
4056:2 April
3999:2 April
3969:2 April
3939:2 April
3892:2 April
3711:8347469
3393:Genoese
3389:Sassari
2829:Spanish
2811:Catalan
2642:Moorish
2584:fiefdom
2579:ex novo
2547:County
2501:in the
2449:Majorca
2428:County
2329:Kingdom
2301:Andorra
2270:Andorra
2221:Algiers
2203:of 1375
2151:Maltese
2145:Culture
2060:Capital
1933:Carlism
1909:in the
1819:Bourbon
1786:in the
1776:Muslims
1739:Castile
1581:Corsica
1552:Gallura
1531:ex novo
1462:Trapani
1452:on the
1357:Majorca
1353:James I
1287:Cathars
1225:Castile
1213:Navarre
1142:in the
1077:Peter I
995:History
974:Catalan
916:Corsica
865:Majorca
839:Context
807:by the
762:Corsica
732:of the
523:•
510:•
497:•
484:•
458:•
345:(first)
329:Monarch
275:Occitan
270:Maltese
198:Spanish
193:Catalan
173:Capital
167:Capital
83:Spanish
69:Catalan
6287:Mongol
6272:German
6267:French
6257:Danish
6200:Dainam
6175:Tongan
6163:Somali
6158:Sokoto
6124:'Alawi
6102:Kalmyk
6082:Mongol
6075:Second
6055:Korean
6006:Mughal
5996:Indian
5979:German
5972:Second
5962:French
5955:Second
5891:Second
5863:Afghan
5855:Modern
5781:Kyrgyz
5776:Uighur
5771:Second
5751:Turkic
5719:Toltec
5655:Epirus
5640:Nicaea
5563:Mongol
5516:Yamato
5452:Huetar
5310:Second
5247:Rouran
5196:Shunga
5191:Maurya
5166:Kushan
5139:Median
5117:Hunnic
5075:Harsha
4847:Joanna
4809:Martin
4804:John I
4717:Sancho
4696:Aragon
4217:
4190:Rhodes
4115:
4044:
4034:
3925:
3880:
3870:
3800:
3776:
3709:
3699:
3663:
3576:
3221:2 July
3189:
3106:
3076:
3032:
2991:
2961:
2922:
2871:
2608:Sicily
2526:Duchy
2478:Naples
2409:polity
2399:, the
2387:county
2351:Athens
2324:Aragon
2287:Notes
2268:, and
2213:bagnio
2122:Naples
2094:Naples
2070:Monzón
2005:Cortes
1955:Pennon
1928:fueros
1397:Capcir
1247:, the
1243:, the
1239:, the
1217:Aragon
1192:Soon,
1058:Aragon
1018:Girona
1000:Origin
941:, the
898:, the
890:, the
886:, the
874:, the
815:under
792:, the
786:Cortes
758:Sicily
372:(last)
333:
260:Basque
157:Status
93:
79:
65:
51:
6337:Lists
6292:Omani
6262:Dutch
6168:Isaaq
6119:Saadi
6087:Oirat
6070:First
6038:Qajar
5967:First
5950:First
5923:China
5896:Third
5756:First
5709:Tikal
5660:Morea
5630:Roman
5548:Latin
5543:Khmer
5538:Kanem
5504:Buyid
5430:Zagwe
5425:Aksum
5415:Chola
5322:First
5305:First
5292:Bornu
5287:Benin
5282:Aztec
5220:Roman
5201:Gupta
5186:Nanda
5122:White
4528:]
4314:Suebi
4158:Malta
4042:S2CID
3878:S2CID
3829:(PDF)
3822:(PDF)
3397:Pisan
3322:3 May
3173:(PDF)
3166:(PDF)
3056:, 20.
2843:Latin
2771:Notes
2649:1238
2645:taifa
2622:1282
2597:1324
2553:1162
2532:1381
2511:1442
2499:Spain
2489:from
2467:1231
2438:1166
2413:1162
2363:1381
2356:Duchy
2340:1162
2313:1396
2281:Name
2266:Malta
2254:DCECH
2156:King
2074:Fraga
2023:). A
2013:Corts
2011:) or
1647:Moors
1556:Doria
1496:When
1361:Ibiza
1351:King
1333:Muret
1071:as a
1026:Osona
896:Malta
861:Palma
782:Corts
770:Malta
655:Spain
303:Islam
265:Greek
203:Latin
176:below
97:Latin
6107:Bogd
6033:Zand
6011:Sikh
5918:Qing
5913:Ming
5845:Wari
5813:Tran
5798:Dinh
5568:Yuan
5558:Mali
5467:Pala
5457:Inca
5408:Yuan
5398:Song
5393:Liao
5388:Tang
5161:Kush
5043:Dʿmt
4495:) →
4215:ISBN
4131:2022
4113:ISBN
4092:2015
4058:2022
4032:ISBN
4001:2022
3971:2022
3941:2022
3923:ISBN
3894:2022
3868:ISBN
3837:2008
3798:ISBN
3774:ISBN
3755:2017
3725:link
3707:OCLC
3697:ISBN
3679:2020
3661:ISBN
3640:2017
3606:2008
3574:ISBN
3556:2013
3491:2008
3460:2008
3429:2008
3395:and
3381:The
3366:link
3324:2008
3272:2008
3223:2008
3187:ISBN
3181:2008
3122:2017
3104:ISBN
3074:ISBN
3030:ISBN
3007:2019
2989:ISBN
2959:ISBN
2940:link
2920:ISBN
2869:ISBN
2460:and
2207:The
2186:Arab
2184:and
2160:and
2084:and
1977:and
1938:The
1917:and
1842:The
1679:and
1652:furs
1602:and
1558:and
1550:and
1540:fief
1414:and
1406:The
1395:and
1281:and
1262:pays
1259:and
1221:León
1179:Foix
1177:and
1102:and
1036:and
922:and
902:and
662:The
544:1300
539:Area
465:1231
452:1164
170:See
6185:Mac
5622:Oyo
5531:Edo
5403:Jīn
5383:Sui
5036:Jin
5031:Han
5026:Qin
4694:of
4188:of
4024:doi
3915:doi
3860:doi
3815:UIB
2730:to
2711:to
2692:to
2673:to
2272:).
2027:or
1590:to
1265:of
1094:to
966:or
926:in
784:or
6427::
5818:Ho
5808:Ly
4541:→
4537:→
4526:eu
4504:→
4478:)
4470:→
4449:→
4172:,
4121:.
4048:.
4040:.
4030:.
4018:.
3991:.
3987:.
3961:.
3957:.
3931:.
3921:.
3884:.
3876:.
3866:.
3854:.
3741:.
3721:}}
3717:{{
3705:.
3669:.
3626:.
3524:^
3508:^
3481:.
3477:.
3450:.
3446:.
3419:.
3415:.
3374:^
3362:}}
3358:{{
3314:.
3310:.
3289:^
3262:.
3258:.
3244:^
3213:.
3209:.
3112:.
3088:^
3038:.
3009:.
2997:.
2973:^
2936:}}
2932:{{
2890:^
2845::
2831::
2817:,
2813::
2799::
2256:.
2215:,
2141:.
2128:,
2080:,
2076:,
1711:.
1683:,
1622:.
1534:a
1472:.
1403:.
1391:,
1387:,
1359:,
1348:.
1277:,
1219:,
1215:,
1189:.
1173:,
1060:.
1052:,
1024:,
1020:,
1016:,
930:.
914:,
910:,
894:,
835:.
772:,
768:,
764:,
760:,
756:,
708:/-
704::
702:US
698:,
691:ən
682:ær
672::
670:UK
380:/
309:,
305:,
4965:)
4961:(
4942:e
4935:t
4928:v
4684:e
4677:t
4670:v
4491:(
4474:(
4268:e
4261:t
4254:v
4223:.
4133:.
4094:.
4060:.
4026::
4003:.
3973:.
3943:.
3917::
3896:.
3862::
3839:.
3782:.
3757:.
3727:)
3713:.
3681:.
3642:.
3608:.
3580:.
3558:.
3493:.
3462:.
3431:.
3368:)
3326:.
3274:.
3225:.
3183:.
3124:.
3082:.
2967:.
2942:)
2928:.
2902:.
2854:.
2840:;
2826:;
2808:;
2787:.
1881:)
1875:(
1870:)
1866:(
1862:.
1852:.
1520:.
1153:.
863:(
720:/
717:n
714:ɒ
711:ɡ
694:/
688:ɡ
685:ə
679:ˈ
676:/
666:(
297:)
293:(
99:)
95:(
85:)
81:(
71:)
67:(
57:)
53:(
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
