189:, instead of nitrox. The MOD of argox mixes containing more than about 47% oxygen are limited by oxygen MOD (assuming 1.5 atm ppO2) rather than by argon narcosis MOD. The maximal MOD for argox mixes occurs at 47% oxygen and 53% argon, and is about 73 fsw (22 m). This depth is the theoretical maximum which can be safely attained with any two-component argon/oxygen mix: a larger fraction of oxygen than about 50% will result in oxygen toxicity before this depth, and a larger fraction of argon than about 50% will result in argon narcosis before this depth.
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Assuming oxygen, nitrogen and air all have roughly equal narcotic potential, and argon is 2.3 times that, the pressure (P) at which the narcotic potential of 20% argox is the same as air at 5 bar (i.e. 40 metres) can be found from P x (0.2 + (0.8 x 2.3)) = 5. That gives P=2.45 bar, which corresponds
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fire. As such, Mars habitats may have a need for additional gases. One possibility is to take nitrogen and argon from the atmosphere of Mars; however, they are hard to separate from each other. As a result, a Mars habitat may use 40% argon, 40% nitrogen, and 20% oxygen. Another concept for breathing
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decompressing using argox. The provisional results of those studies indicated higher levels of decompression sickness when argox was used, rather than pure oxygen; however, using pure oxygen is not an option for decompression at the pressures for which argox would be used in diving, and no direct
145:
Some argue that an argox blend with oxygen content similar to that of air could be used as a suit inflation gas in place of pure argon, as such a blend would only have a slightly higher thermal conductivity than pure argon, and unlike pure argon, would be breathable in an emergency. However, there
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gas, meaning that it could only be breathed at comparatively shallow depths above 20 metres (66 ft). However, in an emergency this is enough for adequate decompression time at typical decompression levels between 3 metres (10 ft) and 9 metres (30 ft), and would save a diver from a
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However, as argox is more narcotic than nitrogen (causing it to be more dangerous if a decompression mix is accidentally breathed), and because argox is moderately more expensive than nitrox, and mostly because there has been little research done into the actual (vs. theoretical) physiological
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on deep dives, gives the gas a high thermal conductivity compared with air, making it inappropriate for drysuit inflation. Divers breathing trimix with drysuits usually inflate their drysuits with their decompression gas (usually nitrox or oxygen). A few carry yet another small
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comparison of argon to nitrogen was done. There is also a certain amount of anecdotal evidence within the diving community that informal experimentation with decompression on argon mixtures has resulted in a high incidence of decompression sickness, but no formal studies.
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for emergencies, as is taught in many deep diving courses. Such second bottles are often 3 litres, and may be mounted in various ways from tank bracket to sling mounting. This second bottle can be used for argox, if a drysuit is used.
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has been used to mean the same mix. The blend may consist of varying fractions of argon and oxygen, depending on its intended use. The mixture is made with the same gas blending techniques used to make
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Argon is far more narcotic (about 2.3 times more) than the cheaper and more readily available nitrogen at depth, so it loses out to nitrogen in all roles as a primary breathing gas. If the
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direct ascent. The small size of typical very small suit inflation cylinders mean that their contents would quickly be exhausted if breathed, but this is not so of larger ponies.
60:
Argox is essentially a theoretical diving gas, being rarely, if ever, used, and usually thought to have no practical applications where its benefits outweigh its drawbacks.
274:"The Caves of Mars - Martian Air Breathing Mice". highmars.org. Archived from the original on 24 July 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2015
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aspects of breathing argon during decompression, argox is not currently recommended by any professional agency for this purpose.
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A second class of divers at intermediate depths of 30–45 metres (100–150 ft) which do not require trimix sometimes carry a
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57:, except that for argox, the argon is added to the initial pure oxygen partial-fill, instead of air.
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are many problems with the use of suit inflation gas as an emergency breathing gas. Argon is a very
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332:"Thermal characteristics of diving garments when using argon as a suit inflation gas (abstract)"
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for air owing to narcosis is taken to be 40 metres (130 ft), then for 20% argox (20% O
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488:"Staged decompression to 3.5 psi using argon-oxygen and 100% oxygen breathing mixtures"
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that argon, because of its higher molecular mass compared with nitrogen (40 vs. 28
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O evaluated by the physical performance of mouse colonies at simulated depths"
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376:"Separation of basic parameters of decompression using fingerling salmon"
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filters the astronauts' air, the other is vented to the Mars atmosphere.
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Pilmanis Andrew A, Balldin UI, Webb James T, Krause KM (December 2003).
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decompressing using argon mixes, there have been scientific studies of
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air is to use re-usable amine bead carbon dioxide scrubbers. While one
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Gas mixture occasionally used by scuba divers for dry-suit inflation
571:- A discussion of various rarely used and theoretical diving gases.
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85:. The Martian atmosphere is composed of approximately: 95%
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The thermal conductivity of argon is 68% of that of air or
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Nuckols, Marshall L; Giblo, J; Wood-Putnam, JL (2008).
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is a possible oxygen mixture for human exploration of
185:), may cause less inert gas on-loading, if used as a
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It has been theorised on the basis of the theory of
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374:D'Aoust BG, Stayton L, Smith LS (September 1980).
169:, 80% Ar) it would be 14.5 metres (48 ft).
454:. Archived from the original on April 27, 2009
394:. Archived from the original on April 23, 2009
196:Although there is little research relating to
81:due to the relative abundance of argon in the
342:(4). Archived from the original on 2009-04-12
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525:"Accelerated decompression on an argon mix?"
284:Courtland, Rachel (30 September 2015).
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426:Rahn H, Rokitka MA (March 1976).
547:Why Argon? Diving applications:
336:Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine
286:"Suiting Up for the Red Planet"
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523:Scubaboard.com (2010-03-25).
33:is the informal name for a
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302:10.1109/MSPEC.2015.7274192
73:Argox, or half-argox/half-
471:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
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359:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
179:isobaric counterdiffusion
125:, which is used to avoid
69:Human exploration of Mars
48:. Occasionally the term
492:Aviat Space Environ Med
163:maximum operating depth
107:carbon dioxide scrubber
428:"Narcotic potency of N
121:in the breathing gas
18:Argox (breathing gas)
562:on 14 September 2008
440:Undersea Biomed Res
380:Undersea Biomed Res
83:Martian atmosphere
187:decompression gas
173:Decompression gas
127:nitrogen narcosis
113:Drysuit inflation
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564:. Retrieved
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35:scuba diving
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139:pony bottle
566:2008-08-28
549:Why Argon?
530:2011-02-02
509:2008-08-28
458:2008-08-28
432:, A, and N
398:2008-08-28
346:2008-10-24
262:References
202:astronauts
315:9 January
220:Hydreliox
579:Category
504:14692466
310:46224902
209:See also
148:narcotic
132:cylinder
102:Apollo 1
98:nitrogen
452:1273982
392:7423658
96:, 1.9%
92:, 1.9%
50:argonox
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235:Trimix
230:Nitrox
225:Hydrox
215:Heliox
198:divers
156:nitrox
123:trimix
119:helium
75:nitrox
55:nitrox
46:oxygen
306:S2CID
241:Notes
94:argon
42:argon
31:Argox
500:PMID
473:link
448:PMID
413:link
388:PMID
361:link
317:2019
117:The
79:Mars
44:and
298:doi
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