484:
354:'s Law of Foreign Investment, which helped usher in a wave of new, foreign industrial subsidiaries in the early 1960s. The rivalry between the CGE, the UIA, and ACIEL was stoked not only by the CGE's Peronist stance; but also by geographic rivalries between the UIA's increasingly Buenos Aires-centric membership and the CGE's more provincial one. Ultimately, however, foreign subsidiaries' disproportionate influence in the
90:
252:, Argentine industry and agriculture both grew markedly in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and economic growth overall averaged 8% in the generation after 1880. Representing a sector which had grown to over 300,000 industrial workers by 1914, the UIA had become a fixture in policy discussions, and this presence was symbolized by the 1922 opening of their new headquarters on the
374:
264:
361:
Manufacturing continued to grow in
Argentina: it nearly doubled in output between 1945 and 1960, and again from 1960 to 1974. Perón's return from exile in 1973 helped lead to a fusion of the UIA and the industrial wing of the CGE into the Argentine Industrial Confederation (CINA). In contrast to his
240:
to the
Presidency in 1898 signalled a rollback in pro-industry government policy, however. The UIA reacted quickly, and in 1899, a rally of 70,000 industrial workers and supporters (in a city of half a million) gathered in front of Congress, where UIA President Francisco Seguí submitted a petition
232:
as
President following a political crisis made the UIA a powerful influence for the first time. One of the first milestones in this new era was the 1891 customs law, which for the first time in Argentine history set tariffs on a number of imported industrial supplies at or below those of finished
168:
manufacturers. The
Argentine Industrial Club was organized to "establish a society at the disposal of local manufacturers in their efforts to secure the adoption of economic reforms." Overshadowed during the 19th century by the dominant wool and hides merchants, local industry was further
366:'s 1973 Social Pact, and Perón, in turn, worked with the CGT to keep left-wing unions in check. Positioned more strongly amid a renewed economic boom, the UIA inaugurated its new headquarters in November 1974 - a 31-story building named after their influential early supporter, President
241:
for a return of higher import tariffs. Upon receiving said petition, a member of the
Congressional leadership stated that: "your banner is union, and seeing you united dispels all doubts as to your strength. The united hands of the worker and his boss is also on our national emblem."
295:, which further impeded the import of U.S.-made production machinery, was vocally opposed by the UIA (though without effect). Most long-standing, protective tariffs stood, however, and the economic recovery that began in the mid-1930s was fully extended to manufacturing.
228:). The UIA, which initially represented domestic manufacturers, was also overshadowed by the small, but growing, numbers of foreign industrial subsidiaries (mainly British). The group enjoyed increasing support among the nation's lawmakers, however, and the inaugural of
518:, has had inflation and industrial production data altered prompted UIA demands for greater transparency in the hitherto highly respected bureau. Another point of contention arose with the administration's unwillingness to challenge
416:
helped lead to an uneven industrial performance in the late 1970s, and ultimately to crisis. Manufacturing declined by 20% in 1981-82, and in some sectors, such as the textile and motor vehicle industries, by more than half.
342:, however, led to the UIA's reauthorization that December. Ongoing rivalry from the CGE led a faction of the UIA to coalesce with conservative interests once opposed to it (such as the Argentine Chamber of Commerce, the
557:) or AFAC to represent the automotive sector on the Executive Committee of the Argentine Industrial Union (UIA). She was the first woman to get a managerial position in the UIA in its 130 year-history.
337:
A faction led by smaller manufacturers established the
General Economic Council (CGE), instead. The CGE enjoyed Perón's support, and helped shape his largely pro-industry agenda in subsequent years. Perón's
495:
Following a chaotic and depressed 2002, the economy recovered beyond most observers' expectations. The appointment that April of a center-left economist who had helped shape the 1973 Social Pact,
389:) ordered CINA dismantled. The CGE retained a measure of support for Mrs. Perón, who was facing violent left-wing opposition, impeachment and the threat of a military coup. The much-anticipated
661:
224:
at the time. An 1887 industrial census taken by the group revealed 400 industrial establishments, and 11,000 production workers (these figures exclude a considerable amount of
491:
confers with UIA leadership and public officials. The UIA remained broadly supportive of policies they see as pro-industry, while advocating for greater flexibility in these.
452:. Lacking real influence in the Menem administration, particularly after Cavallo's 1996 removal, the UIA relied increasingly on its access to the Argentine press (notably
405:
542:
in general, while maintaining differences with the administration over import restrictions that limited manufacturers' access to foreign-made parts and supplies.
732:
334:. Perón's election that February handed the UIA its most serious setback since its establishment, however, when the President ordered it shuttered in 1947.
323:
436:
by restricting clothing imports, for instance, and the sudden, initial boom in GDP (which grew by a third in four years) was shared by manufacturing. The
826:
538:
Common Market, further distancing the influential group from the administration for a time. The UIA continued to support the
Kirchner administration's
821:
534:
subsidiary (Techint is a leading steel and industrial parts producer). The dispute also led to the UIA's resistance to
Venezuela's entry into the
148:
358:
dictatorship led to disputes with the UIA's domestic membership, and most of these subsidiaries withdrew from the UIA in favor of ACIEL in 1967.
212:
Senator
Antonio Cambaceres resulted in the February 7, 1887, establishment of the UIA, whose membership reflected a reunified industrial lobby.
499:, earned the UIA's support with his heterodox policy of regular wage increases, vigorous infrastructure investment, and a weak peso (which the
462:
811:
428:, in April 1991. The plan was initially endorsed by the UIA, which in return was able to obtain significant concessions from Cavallo, a
806:
362:
previous presidency, Perón enjoyed good relations with the group; they figured prominently in discussions leading to
Economy Minister
287:
erased many of these gains, initially. Saved from collapse by a resilient consumer sector, industry was hampered by a virtual halt in
401:
343:
488:
327:
280:
454:
397:
816:
714:
507:
in subsequent years). The economy and industry grew by over 60% between 2002 and 2008, and UIA's relationship with the two
24:
181:
249:
200:
on an array of consumer non-durables (such as processed foods and textiles). The Industrial Club organized its first
615:
500:
466:
378:
377:
The new headquarters nears completion in 1973. A symbol of Argentine industrial growth, the building was sold to
339:
326:; but was looked upon warily by the UIA, which feared Perón support would embolden labor demands. Presented with
483:
433:
425:
307:
347:
298:
Industrial production grew by 50% between 1935 and 1945, and its profile became more diversified, as well.
355:
185:
539:
385:
This understanding soured after Perón's July 1974 death, however, and in 1975, his widow and successor (
408:
stabilization. This led to a recovery in industrial production in 1977; but the effects of a series of
205:
750:
292:
306:
in the 1940s. Industry employed nearly a million, and in 1943, its contribution to GDP had exceeded
437:
363:
209:
42:
173:
444:
and low import tariffs - though they maintained a cordial, if more critical, alliance with the
685:
367:
331:
229:
221:
189:
776:"Quiénes son las 100 Mujeres elegidas por la BBC para 2020 (entre ellas 11 latinoamericanas)"
393:
resulted in the CGE's ban, as well as in policies adverse to the nation's industrial sector.
699:
413:
303:
284:
225:
164:
A precursor to the Argentine Industrial Union was founded on August 29, 1875, by a group of
136:
350:) to establish ACIEL, a business roundtable, in 1959. ACIEL was also fostered by President
619:
546:
527:
496:
421:
390:
351:
299:
268:
253:
67:
471:
386:
733:"Argentine industry asks for flexible imports but strongly supports government policies"
523:
441:
245:
177:
46:
800:
319:
288:
276:
256:(at a roughly equidistant point between Congress and the presidential offices at the
244:
Benefiting from its position as the world's leading recipient of investment from the
197:
373:
169:
marginalized by the 1876 advent of transatlantic chilled beef and cereals shipping.
449:
165:
72:
440:
of 1995 exposed industry to the combined effects of a recession, an uncompetitive
508:
504:
445:
409:
257:
461:
The Convertibility Plan eventually became unsustainable, however, and a severe
143:, or, UIA) is the leading industrial employer federation and advocacy group in
775:
465:
led to the UIA's sale of the Carlos Pellegrini building to local conglomerate
429:
237:
201:
519:
404:, ordered wages frozen (amid 30% monthly inflation) and achieved an initial
144:
95:
263:
535:
204:
in 1877; but differences among its membership over support for President
612:
531:
193:
302:, which had long dominated industry in Argentina, was rivaled by the
420:
A decade of severe stagflation was followed by new Economy Minister
23:
220:
The UIA, to be sure, represented at best a secondary sector in the
515:
372:
262:
613:
Jorge Ávila: Ingreso per cápita relativo 1875-2006 {{in lang|es}}
674:
Business, Politics, and the State in 20th Century Latin America
330:, the UIA vigorously supported the populist leader's opponent,
192:, and through their support the Club obtained the passage of a
291:
investment - almost all of which had to be imported. The 1933
279:
sector, whose output doubled between 1918 and 1929, alone. A
503:
maintained relatively undervalued by buying over 50 billion
514:
Subsequent evidence that the state statistical bureau, the
318:
The sudden prominence of the populist Labor Minister, Col.
322:, was welcomed by the country's leading labor union, the
123:
275:
The UIA's influence continued to grow with the nation's
208:
led to the group's 1878 division. An initiative led by
119:
109:
101:
81:
60:
52:
38:
30:
267:Headquarters of the Argentine Industrial Union on
551:Asociación de Fábricas Argentinas de Componentes
676:: Business and Politics in Argentina, p. 190-2.
432:supporter. Cavallo responded to an increase in
412:on consumer demand and the Economy Minister's
8:
555:Association of Argentine Component Factories
16:
715:"De Mendiguren takes office as head of UIA"
603:. University of North Carolina Press, 1990.
574:
572:
570:
469:in 2001, and to their relocation to their
172:The Industrial Club's early supporters in
22:
15:
652:. Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 1998.
482:
595:
593:
591:
589:
587:
566:
176:included such distinguished figures as
149:International Organisation of Employers
631:
629:
627:
751:"Carolina Castro | Planeta de Libros"
639:University of California Press, 1987.
7:
458:, the nation's premier news daily).
511:administrations remained positive.
689:(December 29, 2006) {{in lang|es}}
601:The Crisis of Argentine Capitalism
579:Historical Dictionary of Argentina
14:
827:Organizations established in 1887
248:, and the resulting expansion in
216:From marginalization to influence
822:1887 establishments in Argentina
662:Emporis: Torre Carlos Pellegrini
400:'s new Minister of the Economy,
88:
703:(July 16, 2009) {{in lang|es}}
489:Cristina Fernández de Kirchner
475:Avenida de Mayo headquarters.
1:
147:. The UIA is a member of the
402:José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz
479:Recovery and new challenges
344:Buenos Aires Stock Exchange
843:
812:Manufacturing in Argentina
328:national elections in 1946
196:reform bill that included
141:Unión Industrial Argentina
133:Argentine Industrial Union
124:Unión Industrial Argentina
17:Argentine Industrial Union
807:Trade unions in Argentina
501:Central Bank of Argentina
21:
581:. Scarecrow Press, 1978.
115:Héctor Méndez, President
348:Argentine Rural Society
650:Peronism and Argentina
492:
382:
272:
140:
817:Industry in Argentina
672:Schneider, Ben Ross.
637:Argentina, 1516-1982.
540:expansionary policies
486:
376:
283:and the onset of the
266:
448:-oriented President
310:for the first time.
293:Roca-Runciman Treaty
719:Buenos Aires Herald
549:was elected by the
438:Mexican peso crisis
426:Convertibility Plan
356:Juan Carlos Onganía
210:Corrientes Province
186:Vicente Fidel López
43:Employer federation
18:
618:2016-03-03 at the
493:
414:strong peso policy
383:
314:Political friction
273:
206:Nicolás Avellaneda
198:protective tariffs
105:Political lobbying
368:Carlos Pellegrini
230:Carlos Pellegrini
222:Argentine economy
190:Carlos Pellegrini
160:Early development
129:
128:
56:Business advocacy
834:
791:
790:
788:
787:
772:
766:
765:
763:
762:
747:
741:
740:
729:
723:
722:
711:
705:
697:
691:
683:
677:
670:
664:
659:
653:
648:Brennan, James.
646:
640:
633:
622:
610:
604:
597:
582:
576:
364:José Ber Gelbard
304:textile industry
285:Great Depression
281:1930 coup d'état
226:cottage industry
94:
92:
91:
26:
19:
842:
841:
837:
836:
835:
833:
832:
831:
797:
796:
795:
794:
785:
783:
774:
773:
769:
760:
758:
755:PlanetadeLibros
749:
748:
744:
731:
730:
726:
713:
712:
708:
698:
694:
684:
680:
671:
667:
660:
656:
647:
643:
634:
625:
620:Wayback Machine
611:
607:
598:
585:
577:
568:
563:
547:Carolina Castro
528:nationalization
497:Roberto Lavagna
481:
422:Domingo Cavallo
391:March 1976 coup
352:Arturo Frondizi
316:
300:Food processing
271:, Buenos Aires.
269:Avenida de Mayo
254:Avenida de Mayo
218:
162:
157:
112:
89:
87:
84:
77:
71:
68:Avenida de Mayo
45:
12:
11:
5:
840:
838:
830:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
799:
798:
793:
792:
780:BBC News Mundo
767:
742:
724:
706:
692:
678:
665:
654:
641:
623:
605:
583:
565:
564:
562:
559:
480:
477:
442:Argentine peso
340:1955 overthrow
332:José Tamborini
315:
312:
246:British Empire
236:The return to
217:
214:
182:José Hernández
161:
158:
156:
153:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
85:
82:
79:
78:
76:
75:
64:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
47:Advocacy group
40:
36:
35:
32:
28:
27:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
839:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
804:
802:
781:
777:
771:
768:
756:
752:
746:
743:
738:
734:
728:
725:
720:
716:
710:
707:
704:
702:
696:
693:
690:
688:
682:
679:
675:
669:
666:
663:
658:
655:
651:
645:
642:
638:
635:Rock, David.
632:
630:
628:
624:
621:
617:
614:
609:
606:
602:
599:Lewis, Paul.
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
571:
567:
560:
558:
556:
552:
548:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
490:
485:
478:
476:
474:
473:
468:
467:Pérez Companc
464:
459:
457:
456:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
418:
415:
411:
407:
406:exchange rate
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
380:
379:Pérez Companc
375:
371:
369:
365:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
313:
311:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
289:capital goods
286:
282:
278:
277:manufacturing
270:
265:
261:
259:
255:
251:
250:railway lines
247:
242:
239:
234:
231:
227:
223:
215:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
170:
167:
159:
154:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
125:
122:
118:
114:
108:
104:
100:
97:
86:
80:
74:
69:
66:
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
48:
44:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
20:
784:. Retrieved
782:(in Spanish)
779:
770:
759:. Retrieved
757:(in Spanish)
754:
745:
736:
727:
718:
709:
700:
695:
686:
681:
673:
668:
657:
649:
644:
636:
608:
600:
578:
554:
550:
544:
513:
505:U.S. dollars
494:
472:belle époque
470:
460:
453:
450:Carlos Menem
419:
410:wage freezes
398:dictatorship
395:
387:Isabel Perón
384:
360:
336:
317:
297:
274:
243:
235:
219:
171:
166:Buenos Aires
163:
132:
130:
83:Area served
73:Buenos Aires
524:Hugo Chávez
446:free market
308:agriculture
258:Casa Rosada
178:Miguel Cané
801:Categories
786:2021-09-04
761:2021-09-04
737:Mercopress
561:References
522:President
520:Venezuelan
487:President
430:free trade
346:, and the
320:Juan Perón
238:Julio Roca
202:exposition
111:Key people
145:Argentina
96:Argentina
616:Archived
545:In 2019
536:Mercosur
509:Kirchner
381:in 2001.
174:Congress
61:Location
532:Techint
434:dumping
233:goods.
194:customs
155:History
137:Spanish
120:Website
31:Founded
701:Clarín
687:Clarín
463:crisis
455:Clarín
102:Method
93:
530:of a
516:INDEC
53:Focus
396:The
188:and
131:The
70:1157
39:Type
34:1887
526:'s
424:'s
324:CGT
260:).
803::
778:.
753:.
735:.
717:.
626:^
586:^
569:^
370:.
184:,
180:,
151:.
139::
789:.
764:.
739:.
721:.
553:(
135:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
